-2024届高考英语二轮复习精读高考真题（八）阅读理解导学案（无答案）

精 读 高 考 真 题 (八）
高考英语真题是英语学习的宝藏，精读一篇远胜过刷题十篇。相较于教材、日常习题，高考真题的语料更加新颖、更有针对性。长期精读高考真题有利于增强英语学习的信心，从而极大提高学习英语的效率。
一、真题再现
The Biggest Stadiums in the World
People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece. In around 8 A.Q., the Romans built the Colosseum, which remains the world's best known stadium and continues to inform contemporary design. Rome’s Colosseum was 157 feet tall and had 80 entrances, seating 50,000 people. However, that was small fry compared with the city’s Circus Maximus, which accommodated around 250,000 people.
These days, safety regulations-not to mention the modern sports fan’s desire for a good view and a comfortable seat-tend to keep stadium capacities（容量）slightly lower. Even soccer fans tend to have a seat each; gone are the days of thousands standing to watch the match.
For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data supplied by the World Atlas list so far, which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity, as well as updated information from official stadium websites.
All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.
Rungrado 1st of May Stadium, Pyongyang, D.P.R-Korea. Capacity. 150,000. Opened. May 1,1989.
Michigan Stadium, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S. Capacity: 107,601. Opened. October 1, 1927.
Beaver Stadium, State College, Pennsylvania, U.S. Capacity: 106,572. Opened: September 17, I960.
Ohio Stadium, Columbus, Ohio, U.S. Capacity: 104,944. Opened: October 7, 1922.
Kyle Field, College Station, Texas, U.S. Capacity: 102,512. Opened: September 24,1927.
21.How many people could the Circus Maximus hold
A.104,944. B. 107,601.
C. About 150,000. D. About 250,000.
22.Of the following stadiums, which is the oldest
A. Michigan Stadium. B. Beaver Stadium.
C. Ohio Stadium. D. Kyle Field.
23.What do the listed stadiums have in common
A.They host big games.
B.They have become tourist attractions
C.They were built by Americans.
D.They are favored by architects
（2021年全国乙卷阅读理解A篇）
语篇导读 本文的语篇类型是应用文，主题语境为人与社会。主要介绍了世界上最大的体育馆----罗马斗兽场，以及其它几座体育馆的相关信息。
重点单词（词性转换词、熟词生意词、超纲词）和短语
pour vi. （人）大量涌入（或涌出），蜂拥（熟词生义）
pour into 不断涌入
pour out of 不断涌出
inform vt. 对......有影响，赋予（作品等）以特征（熟词生义）
seat vt. 〔某处〕坐得下......人、能供给......人座位、容纳......人（同义词：accommodate，hold）（名词转动词）
fry n. 鱼苗，鱼秧（熟词生义）
small fry 小鱼，（相比较之下）不重要的/微不足道的人（或事物）
accommodate vt. 容纳，提住宿（或膳宿、座位等）
accommodation n. 住宿，住处，膳宿
safety regulations 安全法规
rank vt. （按级别、顺序等）把......分等级、把......分类（名词转动词）
stated adj. 被宣称的，作过说明的（分词形容词）
state vt. 声称，宣称，声明，陈述
updated adj. 更新过的，最新的（分词形容词）
update vt. 更新
functional adj. 在起作用的，在工作的，运转正常的
function n. 功能，作用，职能
host vt. 主办（会动、赛事等），做......的东道主（名词转动词）
event n. （体育运动的）比赛项目（熟词生义）
关键结构和长难句
People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece.
本句的时态是现在完成进行时，其构成形式是：have/has been doing（即把进行时be doing中的be变成现在完成时行式have been）。现在完成进行时强调动作一直在进行并持续到现在。至于该动作是刚刚停止，还是继续下去，则上下文而定。或表述为：现在完成进行时表示一个从过去开始、现在仍在继续中的动作或刚刚结束的动作。与现在完成时相比，现在完成进行时主要有未完结性、短暂性、刚完结性和连续性或重复性等四个特点。
E.g. My shoe has been pressing against my foot,so it hurts a bit. 我的鞋挤脚，所以脚有点疼。（press的动作完结）
They have been living in New York. 他们一直住在纽约。（与They have lived in New York.相比，更具短暂性）
My hands are very dirty. I’ve been painting the car. 我的手很脏，我油漆汽车来着。（paint的动作刚刚结束）
For years we’ve been demanding better housing and jobs. 多年来，我们一直在要求更好的居住条件和工作。（demand的动作持续不断，而且还要进行下去）
【参考译文】自古希腊时代起，人们就一直不断地涌入体育场馆。
Rome’s Colosseum was 157 feet tall and had 80 entrances, seating 50,000 people.
1). 表示物体的长、宽、高或重量等常用的句型：“数词+单位量词词+形容词”。也可以用“数词+单位词+介词+名词”来表达。
E.g. The road is 2 kilometres long.(=The road is 2 kilometres in length.) 这条路有2公里长。
The wooden bridge is 20 metres wide.(The wooden bridge is 20 metres in width) 这座木桥有20米宽
2). seating 50,000 people是现在分词短语做状语，表示伴随情况，其逻辑主语是Rome’s Colosseum。seat用作及物动词，意为“容纳，做得下”，相当于accommodate或hold等。
E.g. The sunlight is white and blinding, throwing hard-edged shadows on the ground.阳光炽白炫目，在地上投下浓重的阴影。
【参考译文】罗马斗兽场有157英尺高，有80个入口，可容纳5万人。
However, that was small fry compared with the city’s Circus Maximus, which accommodated around 250,000 people.
pared with the city’s Circus Maximus是过去分词短语形式做状语。compared with/to ... 意为“与......比较起来，较之......”。
E.g. Michael’s new house is like a huge palace, compared with his old one. 和他的旧房子比起来，Michael的新房子就像巨大的宫殿。
Looked at in this way, the situation doesn’t seem so disappointing. 这样看来，情况似乎并不那么令人失望。
2). which accommodated around 250,000 people是一非限制性定语从句，先行词是Circus Maximus并在从句中作主语。
E.g. By 16:30, which was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold 到16:30为止，几乎所有的画都卖出去了，这几乎就是关门的时间。
【参考译文】然而，与这座城市容纳了大约25万人的Circus Maximus相比，那就显得微不足道了。
These days, safety regulations--not to mention the modern sports fan’s desire for a good view and a comfortable seat--tend to keep stadium capacities slightly lower.
1). 句中的not to mention the modern sports fan’s desire for a good view and a comfortable seat用做插入语。
“not to mention ... ”，意为“更不用说......，更不用提......”，表示意义的增补。
E.g. Life is full of possibilities. Not to mention, a few unexpected surprises. 生活充满了各种各样的可能，不必提及，还有一些想不到的惊喜。
It’s too far to walk, not to mention the fact that it’ll probably be closed by now anyway. 走着去太远，再说，很可能现在都已经关门了。
. “tend to + 动词原形”，意为“（往往）会......”，“（必然）能趋向于......”，“易于......”，“有......趋势”等。现代语言学家把tend to看作是“半助动词”。
E.g. He tends to get angry when people disagree with him. 当人们不同意他的观点的时候，他常常生气。
He tends to wake up early in the morning. 他通常早上醒得早。
. 句中的slightly lower是动词keep后面的宾语补足语。
“keep + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”结构，keep表示“使处于某种状态”，这里的宾语补足语主要由形容词、副词、介词短语或分词等充当。
E.g. Keep your eyes closed until I tell you to open them. 闭上眼睛，直到我让你睁开时再睁开。
This kind of exercise will keep you in good shape. 这种锻炼会让你保持健康。
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting. 对不起，让你等了。
【参考译文】 现如今，安全法规倾向于保持球场容量略低，更不用说现代体育迷渴望的一个好的视野和一个舒适的座位。
Even soccer fans tend to have a seat each; gone are the days of thousands standing to watch the match.
. gone are the days of thousands standing to watch the match是特殊结构中的倒装句，这里是表语前置。还原后的句子是：the days of thousands standing to watch the match are gone。
“ 表语 + 连系动词 + 主语 ” 是一种完全倒装结构。英语中作表语的形容词、分词等比较短，而主语则相对比较长时，为了保持句子平衡，根据英语的尾重原则（即把长而复杂的成分放在句末的原则），把表语放在句首，形成“ 表语 + 连系动词 + 主语 ”的句式。
E.g. Gone are the days when we Chinese looked down upon. 我们中国人被人看不起的日子一去不复返了。
Lucky is she who was admitted to a famous university last year. 她很幸运，去年被一所名牌大学录取。
2). standing to watch the match是现在分词短语形式做后置定语，它的逻辑主语是其所修饰的thousands(of fans)。
E.g. John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter offering him it. 约翰确实得到了这份工作，因为他给我看了给他工作的官方的信函。
【参考译文】甚至足球迷往往都有自己的座位；成千上万人站着看比赛的日子一去不复返了。
For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data supplied by the World Atlas list so far, which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity, as well as updated information from official stadium websites.
1). 句中的supplied by...是过去分词短语做后置定语，其逻辑主语是the World Atlas list。
E.g.The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras returned to our shop for quality problems. 厂商定期回收因质量问题退回来的相机。
2). as well as并列了stated...和updated...。as well as如同and, or一样，起并列连词作用，它所连接的成分要互相对等，即名词与名词相并列，动词与动词性并列，分词与分词相并列，等等。在A as well as B结构中，语意的侧重点常常在A项上，所以as well as词义许多情况下并不简单等同于and。
E.g. John can speak Chinese as well as French. 约翰能讲法语还能讲汉语。
Electronic computers can add and subtract as well as multiply and divide. 电子计算机能够加减，也能乘除。
It is a political as well as economic question. 这是一个政治问题，也是一个经济问题。
It is important for you as well as for me. 这件事对于你，对于我都很重要。
当用as well as来连接主语时，谓语动词的数决定于充当主语的第一个名词的数。有人把这种用法的as well as叫做“准并列连词”。
E.g. The teacher, as well as a number of students, was asked to attend the party. 老师和许多学生受邀出席来了聚会。
【参考译文】对于世界上最大的体育场，我们使用了the World Atlas list提供的迄今为止的数据，该数据根据它们所声明的永久容量，以及官方体育场网站上的更新信息进行排名。
【答案】D C A
【附：学案】
精 读 高 考 真 题 (八）
高考英语真题是英语学习的宝藏，精读一篇远胜过刷题十篇。相较于教材、日常习题，高考真题的语料更加新颖、更有针对性。长期精读高考真题有利于增强英语学习的信心，从而极大提高学习英语的效率。
一、真题再现
The Biggest Stadiums in the World
People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece. In around 8 A.Q., the Romans built the Colosseum, which remains the world's best known stadium and continues to inform contemporary design. Rome’s Colosseum was 157 feet tall and had 80 entrances, seating 50,000 people. However, that was small fry compared with the city’s Circus Maximus, which accommodated around 250,000 people.
These days, safety regulations-not to mention the modern sports fan’s desire for a good view and a comfortable seat-tend to keep stadium capacities（容量）slightly lower. Even soccer fans tend to have a seat each; gone are the days of thousands standing to watch the match.
For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data supplied by the World Atlas list so far, which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity, as well as updated information from official stadium websites.
All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.
Rungrado 1st of May Stadium, Pyongyang, D.P.R-Korea. Capacity. 150,000. Opened. May 1,1989.
Michigan Stadium, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S. Capacity: 107,601. Opened. October 1, 1927.
Beaver Stadium, State College, Pennsylvania, U.S. Capacity: 106,572. Opened: September 17, I960.
Ohio Stadium, Columbus, Ohio, U.S. Capacity: 104,944. Opened: October 7, 1922.
Kyle Field, College Station, Texas, U.S. Capacity: 102,512. Opened: September 24,1927.
21.How many people could the Circus Maximus hold
A.104,944. B. 107,601.
C. About 150,000. D. About 250,000.
22.Of the following stadiums, which is the oldest
A. Michigan Stadium. B. Beaver Stadium.
C. Ohio Stadium. D. Kyle Field.
23.What do the listed stadiums have in common
A.They host big games.
B.They have become tourist attractions
C.They were built by Americans.
D.They are favored by architects
（2021年全国乙卷阅读理解A篇）
语篇导读 本文的语篇类型是_________主题语境为______________。主要介绍了__________________________________________________。
重点单词（词性转换词、熟词生意词、超纲词）和短语
pour vi.
pour into
pour out of
inform vt.
seat vt.
fry n.
small fry
accommodate vt.
accommodation n.
safety regulations
rank vt.
stated adj.
state vt.
updated adj.
update vt.
functional adj.
function n.
host vt.
event n.
关键结构和长难句
People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece.
本句的时态是_______________，其构成形式是：________________（即把进行时be doing中的be变成现在完成时行式___________）。现在完成进行时强调_________________。至于该动作是刚刚停止，还是继续下去，则上下文而定。或表述为：现在完成进行时表示_____________________________________。与现在完成时相比，现在完成进行时主要有_________、_________、________和___________等四个特点。
E.g. My shoe ____________________ against my foot,so it hurts a bit. 我的鞋挤脚，所以脚有点疼。（press的动作_____________）
They ______________________ in New York. 他们一直住在纽约。（与They have lived in New York.相比，更具_________）
My hands are very dirty. I____________________ the car. 我的手很脏，我油漆汽车来着。（paint的动作_______________）
For years we________________ better housing and jobs. 多年来，我们一直在要求更好的居住条件和工作。（demand的动作__________________________）
【译文】_________________________________。
Rome’s Colosseum was 157 feet tall and had 80 entrances, seating 50,000 people.
1). 表示物体的长、宽、高或重量等常用的句型：___________________。也可以用_____________________________来表达。
E.g. The road is __________________.(=The road is _________________.) 这条路有2公里长。
The wooden bridge is ________________________.(The wooden bridge is __________________________) 这座木桥有20米宽
2). seating 50,000 people是____________做_______，表示________，其逻辑主语是______________。seat用作_________动词，意为_____________，相当于______________或_________等。
E.g. The sunlight is white and blinding, _____________ hard-edged shadows on the ground.阳光炽白炫目，在地上投下浓重的阴影。
【译文】_______________________________________________。
However, that was small fry compared with the city’s Circus Maximus, which accommodated around 250,000 people.
pared with the city’s Circus Maximus是___________形式做________。compared with/to ... 意为______________________。
E.g. Michael’s new house is like a huge palace, ___________________. 和他的旧房子比起来，Michael的新房子就像巨大的宫殿。
__________________, the situation doesn’t seem so disappointing. 这样看来，情况似乎并不那么令人失望。
2). which accommodated around 250,000 people是一_______________，_______是Circus Maximus并在从句中作_____语。
E.g. By 16:30, _______ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold 到16:30为止，几乎所有的画都卖出去了，这几乎就是关门的时间。
【译文】___________________________________________________。
These days, safety regulations--not to mention the modern sports fan’s desire for a good view and a comfortable seat--tend to keep stadium capacities slightly lower.
1). 句中的not to mention the modern sports fan’s desire for a good view and a comfortable seat用做__________。
“not to mention ... ”，意为__________________，表示____________。
E.g. Life is full of possibilities. _____________, a few unexpected surprises. 生活充满了各种各样的可能，不必提及，还有一些想不到的惊喜。
It’s too far to walk, ________________ the fact that it’ll probably be closed by now anyway. 走着去太远，再说，很可能现在都已经关门了。
. “tend to + 动词原形”，意为_____________，______________，__________________，________________等。现代语言学家把tend to看作是____________。
E.g. He _________________ when people disagree with him. 当人们不同意他的观点的时候，他常常生气。
He _____________________ in the morning. 他通常早上醒得早。
. 句中的slightly lower是动词keep后面的_________________。
在“keep + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”结构中，keep表示____________________，这里的宾语补足语主要由____________、__________、_____________或____________等充当。
E.g. Keep your eyes_____________ until I tell you to open them. 闭上眼睛，直到我让你睁开时再睁开。
This kind of exercise will keep you ____________________. 这种锻炼会让你保持健康。
I’m sorry to have kept you ___________. 对不起，让你等了。
【译文】 _____________________________________________________。
Even soccer fans tend to have a seat each; gone are the days of thousands standing to watch the match.
. gone are the days of thousands standing to watch the match是特殊结构中的___________句，这里是___________前置。还原后的句子是：_________________________________。
“ 表语 + 连系动词 + 主语 ” 是一种____________结构。英语中作表语的形容词、分词等比较短，而主语则相对比较长时，为了____________，根据英语的_______原则（即把长而复杂的成分放在_____________的原则），把表语放在句首，形成__________________的句式。
E.g. _________________ the days when we Chinese looked down upon. 我们中国人被人看不起的日子一去不复返了。
______________ she who was admitted to a famous university last year. 她很幸运，去年被一所名牌大学录取。
2). standing to watch the match是___________________做______________，它的逻辑主语是其所修饰的__________________。
E.g. John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter ________ him it.
约翰确实得到了这份工作，因为他给我看了给他工作的官方的信函。
【译文】_____________________________________________________。
For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data supplied by the World Atlas list so far, which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity, as well as updated information from official stadium websites.
1). 句中的supplied by...是____________做________，其逻辑主语是_____________。
E.g.The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras _____________ to our shop for quality problems. 厂商定期回收因质量问题退回来的相机。
2). as well as并列了____________和_______________。as well as如同and, or一样，起_______________作用，它所连接的成分要______________，即名词与名词相并列，动词与动词性并列，分词与分词相并列，等等。在A as well as B结构中，语意的侧重点常常在_______项上，所以as well as词义许多情况下并不简单等同于and。
E.g. John can speak Chinese_________ French. 约翰能讲法语还能讲汉语。
Electronic computers can add and subtract ____________ multiply and divide. 电子计算机能够加减，也能乘除。
It is a political _______________ economic question. 这是一个政治问题，也是一个经济问题。
It is important for you _____________________ for me. 这件事对于你，对于我都很重要。
当用as well as来连接主语时，谓语动词的数决定于充当主语的_____________名词的数。有人把这种用法的as well as叫做“准并列连词”。
E.g. The teacher, as well as a number of students, ________asked to attend the party. 老师和许多学生受邀出席来了聚会。
【译文】_______________________________________________________。