七选五专题
一、七选五题型解读
通过观察近几年的高考真题可以发现，七选五的文体多为说明文，有时也会采用记叙文或议论文。该题型主要围绕主旨要义（包括主题句和段落标题）、句际关系设题和起承上启下作用的过渡句命题。主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和把握，需要运用语篇知识。
《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版2020年修订）》中提到，语篇知识涉及语篇的宏观和微观组织结构。语篇中段与段的关系以及语篇各部分与语篇主题之间的关系属于语篇的宏观组织结构；句子内部的语法结构、词汇搭配、指代关系等属于语篇的微观组织结构。
所以，考生既要在整体上对语篇（Discourse）结构进行宏观把握，又要在词汇、语法、逻辑等衔接（Cohesion）方式进行微观分析，将句子空白补充完整，使语篇内容合情，逻辑合理，行文合法。
卷名 年份 词数 体裁 主题语境 题材 标题 段首 段中 段尾
新高考I 2023 305 说明文 人与自我 学会适度自我原谅 4 1
新高考I 2022 302 说明文 人与社会 如何找到健身伙伴 1 4
新高考I 2021 310 记叙文 人与社会 巴黎生活经历 1 4
新高考I 2020 285 说明文 人与自我 如何提高公众演讲技能 1 3 1
七选五题型分析
七选五设空特点
体裁以 说明文 为主， 记叙文 为辅。
七选五空格分布在段首、段中、段尾三个位置。
根据近4全国卷真题，大体而言，段首1个，段中3~4个，段尾1个。
(
主题句
过渡句
段首
设空
概括性
承上启下
研读本段内容
找出关键词
对比选项，推断主题句
熟悉文章结构
分析上下文意图和启示
结合选项，找出过渡句
)
(
指代关系
复现信息
逻辑关系
)
(
段中设空
细节句
补充、举例、解释等
承上启下
分析逻辑关系
关注复现信息
注意指代关系
)
(
过渡句
)
(
段尾设空
总结句
承接句
过渡句句
总结本段内容或空前部分内容
承接空前的一句话
衔接下一段开头，引出下文
阅读空前内容寻找关键词
利用词汇或者逻辑衔接找答案
)
2.七选五干扰项与正确选项特点
(1) 七选五多余两个干扰项特点如下：
有词汇复现，但是该句偏离段落主旨
有词汇复现，但是该句与上下句逻辑关系错误，承上不启下或只启下不承上
七选五正确选项特点如下：
选项主题与本段主题及全文主旨一致
在逻辑上，选项承空前句，启空后句
3.七选五解题步骤
(1)浏览首段尾段，各段首句尾句，明确文章主旨和篇章结构。
(2)研读选项，标记代词、冠词、逻辑关系词、核心实词。
(3)分析设空位置，标记空前空后句的核心词与逻辑词。
(4)锁定选项，代入原文，检查选项的主旨及逻辑是否符合原文。二者皆符合才是正确答案。
注意：
(1)要及时调整答案，避免连环错。
(2)认真区分干扰项，避免二选一错误。
小结：
我们必须了解文章的语篇结构，掌握语篇的衔接手段，把握句际和段际之间的逻辑关系，才可有效解题。
解题核心原则：
1) 注意前后语句内容一致性——筛选选项
2) 注意具体细节内容相关性——确定选项
三、七选五的语篇模式
主要有以下两种
一般 特殊模式（General Particular Pattern）
概述陈述 具体陈述/具体细节或举例 总结陈述/评价
（general statement） (details/examples) (conclusion/comment)
问题 解决模式（Problem Solution Pattern）
情境 问题 反应/解决 评价/结果
（situation） (problem) (response/solution) (evaluation/result)
判断以下真题的语篇结构模式
2023年新高考Ⅰ卷
语篇结构：
Personal Forgiveness
Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. 36 You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.
In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” 37 Are you caring Creative Generous A good listener Fun to be around They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.
At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. 38
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. 39 That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.
It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. 40 We’re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.
2022年新高考Ⅰ卷
语篇结构：
Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,” while another read: “ 36 ” With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle (微妙) competition.
So, how do you find a workout partner
First of all, decide what you want from that person. 37 Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.
You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won’t result in a useful response. 38 If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.
My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. 39
You and your partner will probably have different skills. 40 Over time, both of you will benefit— your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core (核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.
四、七选五的解题方法
（一）、掌握语篇的宏观结构
1. 结构上下对等，把握语篇宏观结构、段落之间结构、段落内微观结构；
2. 形式上下对等，关注副标题句式一致。
例题分析
(1)
Writing an essay is a difficult process for most people. However, the process can be made easier if you learn to practice three simple techniques.
36 When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. Stay loose and free. Don’t worry about grammar or spelling. Even though this technique won’t work for everyone, it helps many people get a good store of ideas to draw on.
The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect. Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄皱) paper. Think of your first draft as a path cut out of the jungle—as part of an exploration, not as a complete highway.
The third technique is to try printing out a triple-spaced (三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision. As a result, these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks (大块) of their draft and writing revisions in the blank space. After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter your changes into your word processor. The resulting blank space invites you to revise. （2022年新高考Ⅱ卷）
A. Make sure your handwriting is neat.
B. Let your pen follow the waves of thought.
C. The second draft of the essay should be better.
D. First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing.
E. Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time.
F. Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revise.
G. Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space.
(2)
Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,” while another read: “ 36 ” With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle (微妙) competition.
So, how do you find a workout partner
First of all, decide what you want from that person. 37 Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility （2022年新高考Ⅰ卷）
A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C. You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.
D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport
E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice
F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
跟踪训练
(1)
Personal Forgiveness
Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. 36 You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this. （2023年新高考Ⅰ卷）
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
(2)
Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room. 39 . Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on. (2021年全国甲卷)
A. Less people than that
B. Hold a clothing swap
C. If two people are competing
D. Just keep music playing throughout
E. Donate whatever clothes are left over
F. Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots
G. Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition
(3)
Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various countries. 40 , the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices. (2022年全国甲卷)
A. The more friends you make in your lifetime
B. The more time you spend in any given country
C. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
D. Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E. It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate
F. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
G. It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal
（二）、掌握语篇的微观衔接
1、语篇衔接手段——指代关系
用代词代替前文提到的人或物，前后形成照应关系便于阅读。常用人称指代（it, them, she...）和指示代词 (this, that, those, these)。
例题分析
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. 39 That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. （2023年新高考Ⅰ卷）
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
跟踪训练
(1)
In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency(效率). You can tell this by café life. French cafés are always crowded. 40 When do these people work The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously— so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call. （2021年新高考Ⅰ卷）
A. Not all the customers are tourists.
B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F. Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
G. The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy.
(2)
Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common There’s one answer. 36 . (2023年全国甲卷)
A. Find your causes
B. Start with small tasks
C. Accept the uncomfortable
D. All this adds up to a state of hurry
E. It can also help us practice more patience
F. This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable
G. They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience
(3)
Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature — which is part of the joy of owning plants. “ 40 .” Spoelstra says. “It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home and nature.” （2023年全国乙卷）
A. All plants are different
B. Not only do they look beautiful
C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors
D. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer
E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s ivy are among the best
F. Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help
G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding
2、语篇衔接手段——信息复现
(
词汇复现
依据
点拨
概念：指作者在文章上下文对同一概念的重复描述
形式：原词复现、同（近）义词复现、反义词复现和同源词复现
关键词：常为名词、动词、形容词等的同义词、近义词或反义词的复现
重点阅读空格前后句，锁定关键词
正确答案中的关键词一般与前一句中的关键词重现，同时与下一句的关键词呼应
)词汇复现法
例题分析
You and your partner will probably have different skills. 40 Over time, both of you will benefit — your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core (核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.（2022年新高考Ⅰ卷）
A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C. You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.
D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport
E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice
F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
跟踪训练
(1)
You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won’t result in a useful response. 38 If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym. （2022年新高考Ⅰ卷）
A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C. You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.
D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport
E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice
F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
(2)
So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to say to yourself, “ 40 .” You’ll then gradually become more patient. (2023年全国甲卷)
A. Find your causes
B. Start with small tasks
C. Accept the uncomfortable
D. All this adds up to a state of hurry
E. It can also help us practice more patience
F. This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable
G. They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience
(3)
The key to staying safe in a crowd begins as soon as you arrive at the location, says Randy Atlas, a safety consultant based in Fort Lauderdale. 37 It’s a piece of common-sense advice that Atlas applies not just at big events, but even when entering almost any room. （2023年8省联考）
But that could be a big mistake, Atlas warns.
In this case, you don’t necessarily have to wait and let time slip by.
Namely, he advises people to take notes of where the nearest exists are.
（2）词汇同现法
词汇同现是指属于同一词汇范畴或者某一领域的词汇在文章中同时出现，达到语意衔接的目的,即上下义词复现 。一般来说，上下文中词汇的范畴越小，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。
例题分析
The place wasn’t entirely authentic, though. Unlike a normal Parisian apartment, the plumbing (水管) worked. 36 Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said, “Ouverture des portes,” in perfect French. That is the only French phrase I mastered, and it’s a shame I don’t have much use for it. （2021年新高考I卷）
C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F. Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
跟踪训练
(1)
If you like a challenge, your goal might be running the local 5K, or something more ambitious, like finishing a Tough Mudder obstacle run or qualifying for the Boston Marathon. A typical beginner who trains properly —without overdoing it — can safely finish a 5K after about three months. 38 . （2021年8省联考）
A. Figure out why you’re running.
B. The new training program will pay off.
C. And it is possible for a marathon after a year.
D. Otherwise you tend to make no further progress
E. That is a remarkable achievement for a run beginner.
F. You should resist the urge to run too hard, too much, or too often.
G. You’re eager but unsure, excited but potentially easy to make errors.
(2)
Set a regular date
Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact and share with one another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. 36 . （2022年全国乙卷）
A. Remember important dates
B. Compensate by writing letters
C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
3、语篇衔接手段——逻辑关系
常见的逻辑关系
总分关系：根据 “总” (主题句)选“分” (支撑句或分述句)或 根据“分”选“总”
并列或顺承关系: and, also. besides, in addition to. what’s more ...
转折关系: but, however, nevertheless, though, while, instead...
对比关系: by comparison, by contrast, on the contrary...
顺序关系：one/ first，second/next，third/then....
因果关系：thus，because，so，therefore，consequently，as a result，so...that...
解释关系：that is；in other words；in fact；标点符号（冒号：、破折号—）等
例证关系：for example，for instance，such as...
请说出下列语篇之间的句际逻辑关系。
1) Self-image includes the way you look, the way you act and the way you talk. 2) However, our self-images are often quite different from the images others hold about us. 3) In fact, most of these images are more negative than they should be. 4)Thus changing the way you think about yourself is the key to changing your self-image.
① 解释关系
（1）
Chopstick Rules
The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. 37 . （2022年全国甲卷）
A. The more friends you make in your lifetime
B. The more time you spend in any given country
C. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
D. Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E. It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate
F. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
G. It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal
（2）
Continually challenge yourself to try something new. 38 Artistic growth can be a bit painful. Welcome to the club; we’ve all been there. I love taking on challenges. I once took up a challenge to create a painting every day for a month and post the works online.
…
The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. 40 Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life. （2023年新高考Ⅱ卷）
A. Get out of your comfort zone.
B. Make career plans and set goals.
C. Don’t throw away your beginner art.
D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E. You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times.
F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.
G. You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.
② 递进关系
Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic. 37 . “Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California. (2023年全国甲卷)
A. Find your causes
B. Start with small tasks
C. Accept the uncomfortable
D. All this adds up to a state of hurry
E. It can also help us practice more patience
F. This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable
G. They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience
③ 转折关系
Don’t rely on technology alone
40 , but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible. （2022年全国乙卷）
A. Remember important dates
B. Compensate by writing letters
C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
④ 因果关系
因果关系，高考常考前面的“结果”
（1）
The third technique is to try printing out a triple—spaced (三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision. 39 As a result, these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks (大块) of their draft and writing revisions in the blank space.（2022年新高考Ⅱ卷）
A. Make sure your handwriting is neat.
B. Let your pen follow the waves of thought.
C. The second draft of the essay should be better.
D. First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing.
E. Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time.
F. Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revise.
G. Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space.
（2）
Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. 36 You’ll want to look back on your journey to see how far you’ve come. （2023年新高考Ⅱ卷）
A. Get out of your comfort zone.
B. Make career plans and set goals.
C. Don’t throw away your beginner art.
D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E. You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times.
F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.
G. You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.
⑤ 时间顺承关系
After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter your changes into your word processor. 40 The resulting blank space invites you to revise. （2022年新高考Ⅱ卷）
A. Make sure your handwriting is neat.
B. Let your pen follow the waves of thought.
C. The second draft of the essay should be better.
D. First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing.
E. Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time.
F. Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revise.
G. Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space.
⑥ 对比关系
(1)
What are indoor plants
Indoor plants, also known as houseplants or pot plants, are plants that like to grow indoors. Many of these species are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter. 37 . (2023年全国乙卷)
A. All plants are different
B. Not only do they look beautiful
C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors
D. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer
E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s ivy are among the best
F. Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help
G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding
(2)
Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking. 36 Do you want to be a good public speaker Here are some principles you must master. （2020年新高考Ⅰ卷）
D. When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more.
G. However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.
⑦ 分指关系
There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking. 39 . （2023年全国乙卷）
A. All plants are different
B. Not only do they look beautiful
C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors
D. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer
E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s ivy are among the best
F. Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help
G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding
⑧ 例证关系
(1)
In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” 37 Are you caring Creative Generous A good listener Fun to be around They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of. （2023年新高考Ⅰ卷）
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
(2)
My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. 39 （2022年新高考Ⅰ卷）
E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice
G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
真题演练
请从以下几个方面进行思考解题
体裁
主要内容
篇章结构
36 37 38 39 40
语篇的衔接手段
句际的逻辑关系
1
2024年八省联考卷
Have you ever caught a smell of something and been strongly reminded of a person or place There seems to be a deep psychological link between smells and our memory. Some research even suggests that smells can influence our cognition(认知,感知).
36 Roja Dove, a perfumer, informed the BBC that when we are born, the olfactory bulb(嗅球)，which is the area in our brain that processes smell, is empty, without pre-existing information or association. 37 When we smell an odour again, the original and unique memory comes flooding back because of the association acquired in our previous experience.
Our awareness of smells is primarily unconscious. 38 But, low-level smells are still picked up because the scent receptors( 感受器) in our brain are so powerful that we unconsciously register them. In fact, various studies have found the olfactory bulb sends more neurons(神经元) to more areas of our brain than our hearing or vision.
Research suggests that the power of smell can also affect how the brain performs. 39 Mark Moss at Northumbria University’s Psychology Department discovered that certain essential oils, such as peppermint, positively impact cognition, and rosemary s scent can enhance memory. He also studied lavender, which he says “tends to impair memory and slow reaction time”. But research by others has shown it to be useful in reducing pre treatment anxiety in dental and medical situations.
40 The next time a familiar smell brings back a special memory. just remember that your nose is working wonders.
A. Why do smells take us back
B. So, don’t take your nose for granted.
C. How is the sense of smell connected to your brain
D. Scents can revive memories that have been long forgotten.
E. We are not actively aware of them unless they are extremely strong.
F. This is especially true when it comes to the fragrance of essential oils.
G. Therefore, our responses to smells are learnt and highly individualized.
2
2024年1月浙江首考
In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience. 36 But are all online courses created equal How can you be sure that digital learning is right for you 37
We interviewed students and professors to get their advice about online courses. The most obvious advantage of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime. 38 “I think a point that many people lose sight of is how easy it can be to fall behind schedule,”says graduate student Amanda Bindman. Before choosing to study online, consider whether you’re a self-motivated learner and if the material seems interesting enough to keep you going.
The tip that comes up most often is simple: build online courses into your weekly schedule, just like what you would do with in person courses. 39 He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades. It is so easy to let an online course slide, but your grades will suffer as a result. Be sure to schedule set times to watch your lectures, read materials and contribute to online discussion boards.
40 A social connection is often a big part of learning. There are things you can do to ease this problem. Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can motivate each other to stay on track. You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group, or schedule in-person meetings with your professor to discuss course concepts.
A. But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines.
B. Your motivation should be your main concern.
C. Do you know that online courses are also part of your education
D. Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online.
E. The chief complaint about online courses is that they lack human interaction.
F. If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade
G. A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses.
3
2023年新高考II卷
As an artist who shares her journey on social media, I’m often asked by curious followers how to begin an art journey. Unfortunately, there is no magic list I can offer. I do remember, though, what it was like to be a complete beginner. So I’ve put together some good tips for starting an art journey.
● Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. 36 You’ll want to look back on your journey to see how far you’ve come.
● Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. 37
● Continually challenge yourself to try something new. 38 Artistic growth can be a bit painful. Welcome to the club; we’ve all been there. I love taking on challenges. I once took up a challenge to create a painting every day for a month and post the works online.
● 39 Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability.
The journey you're on won’t follow a straight path. 40 Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life.
A. Get out of your comfort zone.
B. Make career plans and set goals.
C. Don’t throw away your beginner art.
D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E. You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times.
F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.
G. You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.
七、好题速递
1
The pleasures of learning
Learning is a natural pleasure, inborn and instinctive (本能的), one of the essential pleasures of the human race. When Archimedes discovered the principle of specific gravity by observing his own displacement of water in a bathtub (浴缸), he jumped out with delight, shouting, “Eureka, Eureka!” (I have found it). 36
This pleasure is not limited to learning from textbooks, which are too often boring. 37 By opening a book, one can connect with a voice for distant in time and space, and hear it speaking, mind to mind, heart to heart. As for reading books, this contains two different delights. One is the pleasure of understanding the unexpected, such as when one meets a new author who has a new vision of the world. 38
Far beyond books, learning means keeping the mind open and active to receive all kinds of experiences. Among the pleasures of learning, we should include travel, travel with an open mind, an alert eye and a wish to understand other peoples, other places, rather than looking in them for a mirror image of oneself.
39 Every new art you learn appears like a new window on the universe, which helps you acquire a new sense. Crafts, too, are well worth exploring. Most crafts contain one essential pleasure, the pleasure of making something that will last.
40 Instead of decreasing, in time, like health and strength, its returns go on increasing, provided that you aim throughout your life, as you continue learning to integrate (整合) your thoughts to make it harmonious.
A. But it does include learning from books.
B. Learning extends our lives into new dimensions (维度).
C. This shout means Archimedes enjoyed playing with water.
D. The other pleasure is of deepening one’s knowledge of a special field.
E. Learning also means learning to practice, or at least to appreciate an art.
F. Man has the ability to attain happiness, and learning is the best way to achieve it.
G. The outburst from instinct and the joy of its satisfaction are possessed by all people.
2
Hello, 2024. It’s that time of the year again. The start of the new year is a natural time to consider what you may want to do differently, and your goals for the upcoming year. It is a common practice to create New Year’s resolutions. yet are they helpful 36
Reflecting on your behaviors and creating goals that align(使一致) with your values can motivate helpful change. 37 you can experience a sense of meaning and quality of life. However, people don't always approach New Year's resolutions in a helpful way. 38 Do you feel the need to set a goal or make a change based on what someone else would like you to do It can be difficult to implement and maintain a new behavior, even when you genuinely want to do it, let alone when you don’t. Resolutions based on shoulds are not likely to last.
So, if you plan to set a New Year’s resolution, first be honest with yourself about whether the resolution is important and meaningful to you. 39 Have you got an understanding of the value that the resolution is connected to that provides you with a sense of purpose
40 Goals based on unrealistic expectations are unhelpful. If a goal is too large and does not match your current circumstances and resources, success is unlikely, which may fuel self-criticism and make it more challenging to achieve.
Targeting small changes may be more useful than creating one or two large resolutions at the start of the year.
It depends.
B. Do you have a clear why
C. Have you got the details yet
D. If your goals are not specific enough,
E. When you clarify what is important and take steps in that direction
F. Then, be realistic with yourself and create small, specific and doable goals.
G. Resolutions are usually not based on a genuine desire but on a sense of should.
(
指代关系
信息复现
衔接手段
cohesion
七
选
五
语篇结构
structure
总----分；总----分----总；总---分---分
一般----特殊；问题----解决
原词复现；同义词复现
反义词复现；同源词复现
上下义词复现
人称
指代
it, them, she
；
指示
代词
this, that,
those, these
逻辑关系
logic
总分关系；顺承关系；转折关系；对比关系
顺序关系；因果关系；解释关系；例证关系
)总结：二轮复习之七选五答案
三、了解文章的语篇结构
1.2023年新高考Ⅰ卷
语篇结构：一般—特殊
【答案】36. D 37. B 38. F 39. C 40. G
【解析】本文为一篇说明文。文章鼓励人们练习自我宽恕，并提供了一个简单的写作练习来增强自信。通过列出个人的优点和善良的行为，人们可以学会原谅自己的错误，并从中成长。
【36题详解】
根据空前内容“Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. (为错误承担责任是积极的一步，但不要因此而自责。人孰能无过)”可知，作者认为人都会犯错，勇于承担责任固然重要，但是也不要因此而过于自责。结合空后“You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this. (你可以使用下面的写作练习来帮助你做到这一点)”中的“do this”以及下文内容可推断，空处应该内容和“不要太自责”相似。选项D“It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness. (宽恕自己也同样重要)”与“不要太自责”语意相近，起承上启下的作用。故选D。
【37题详解】
根据空前内容“In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” (在日记或纸上写上“个人优点”)以及空后内容“Are you caring Creative Generous A good listener Fun to be around They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of. (你有爱心吗？有创造力吗？你慷慨吗？是一个好的倾听者？与人相处很有趣吗？它们不一定要改变世界，只要你个性中让你感到自豪的方面就行)”可知空处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。选项B“Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself. (现在列出所有你喜欢的自己身上的特点)”符合上下文内容，下文内容具体解释那些是优点。故选B。
【38题详解】
根据上文内容At the top of a second page, put the heading“Acts of kindness.”On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. (在第二页的顶部，写上“善举”的标题。在这张单子上，列出你为别人做过的所有积极的事情。它可能是当你帮助朋友做作业的时候，当你没有被要求却主动熨衣服的时候，或者当你在家人累了一天之后烤饼干的时候)可知，本段主要讲述的是列出一些自己所做的好事。选项F“Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down. (不管是什么，不管它看起来有多小，都要把它写下来)”与上文内容一致，讲述的是不管你所做的事情不管有多小，只要是好的事情，都记下来。故选F。
【39题详解】
根据空后内容“That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. (这样，你们就可以交换意见，谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同，以及你们个性中闪光的方面)”可知，空处提到了某种方式，这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等。选项C“They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise. (他们甚至可能想试一试做练习)”符合语境，C项中的“they”与空前的“You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. (你可以让朋友或家人帮你增加你的列表内容。)”中的“a friend or family member”保持一致，同时选项C和下文“In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time. (事实上，不要等到你犯了错误才去尝试这个—这是一个在任何时候都能增强自信的好方法)”中的“this”一致。故选C。
【40题详解】
根据空前内容“It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. (大多数人不是从他们的成功中学习，而是从他们的错误中学习，这是陈词滥调。但事实是，这是真的)”可知，作者认为人是从错误中学习。选项G“Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality. (不管你犯了什么错误，记住这不是你性格中固定的一面)”符合语境，G项中的“isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality”和空后“We’re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow. (我们一直在改变和学习，错误是一种积极的发展和成长的方式)”保持一致，指的都是犯错并不是性格中固有的一面，我们是通过错误来成长。故选G。
2. 2022年新高考Ⅰ卷
语篇结构：问题—解决
【答案】36. C 37. D 38. B 39. G 40. F
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何找到一个一起锻炼的伙伴。
【36题详解】
根据前文“Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,”(《健身杂志》最近刊登了一篇题为《感谢健身伙伴的五个理由》的文章。一个理由是：“如果你知道有人在健身房等你，你就会去锻炼。”)可知，这里陈述另一个和别人一起锻炼的理由。所以选择项C“You’ll work harder if you train with someone else. (如果你和别人一起训练，你会更努力。)”符合上下文语境。故选C。
【37题详解】
根据前文“First of all, decide what you want from that person. (首先，决定你想从那个人身上得到什么。)”和后文“Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility (或者你只是想要身体健康，能够移动力量和灵活性 )”可知，这里是一个问句，反问自己结伴锻炼的目的。所以选择项D“Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport (你想在你最喜欢的运动项目上成为更好的运动员吗 )”符合上下文语境。故选D。
【38题详解】
根据前文“You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but probably won't result in a useful response. (你可能会考虑在社交媒体上发布你想要的东西，但可能不会得到有用的回应。)”和后文“If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.(如果你打算在健身房锻炼，那个人一定是同一个健身房的。)”可知，寻找的锻炼伙伴要具有便利性的特点。所以选择项B “A workout partner usually needs to live close by. (锻炼伙伴通常需要住在附近。)”符合上下文语境。故选B。
【39题详解】
根据前文“My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. (我的搭档把她的要求贴在了当地公园的布告栏上。她的注意事项包括她想要做什么样的锻炼，每周多少天，每次培训要花多少小时，以及她的年龄。它还列出了她最喜欢的运动和活动，并提供了她的电话号码。)” 可知，本段作者以自己的锻炼伙伴为例，说明寻找锻炼伙伴所要包括的信息。所以选择项G“Any notice for a training partner should include such information. (任何锻炼伙伴的布告都应包括这些信息。)”符合上下文语境。故选G。
【40题详解】
根据前文“You and your partner will probably have different skills. (你和你的伴侣可能有不同的技能。)” 和后文“Over time, both of you will benefit -- your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit.(久而久之，你们双方都会受益—你的伴侣会举起更多的重量，你也会变得更健康。)”可知，要学会求同存异，一起合作，共同提高。所以选择项F“Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other. (接受你们的不同，学会彼此合作。)”符合上下文语境。故选F。
四、掌握语篇的宏观结构
例题分析
(1)2022年新高考Ⅱ卷
空格处是本段的主题句，由空后的“When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. (当你第一次想写一篇文章的时候，把笔放在纸上，不间断地写10到15分钟，不要让笔离开纸。)”可知，本段主要讲的是要学会不间断地写，D选项“First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing. (首先，学习不间断写作的技巧。)”概括了本段的主要内容，可作为主题句, 同时结合第三段的the next technique和第四段的the third technique, 故选D。
(2) 2022年新高考Ⅰ卷
【36题详解】
根据前文“Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,”《健身杂志》最近刊登了一篇题为《感谢健身伙伴的五个理由》的文章。一个理由是：“如果你知道有人在健身房等你，你就会去锻炼。”可知，这里陈述另一个和别人一起锻炼的理由。所以选择项C“You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.(如果你和别人一起训练，你会更努力。)”符合上下文语境。故选C。
【37题详解】
根据前文“First of all, decide what you want from that person. (首先，决定你想从那个人身上得到什么)”和后文“Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility (或者你只是想要身体健康，能够移动的力量和灵活性 )”可知，这里是一个问句，反问自己结伴锻炼的目的。所以选择项D“Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport (你想在你最喜欢的运动项目上成为更好的运动员吗 )”符合上下文语境。故选D。
跟踪训练
(1)2023年新高考Ⅰ卷
根据空前内容“Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. (为错误承担责任是积极的一步，但不要因此而自责。人孰能无过)”可知，作者认为人都会犯错，勇于承担责任固然重要，但是也不要因此而过于自责。结合空后“You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this. (你可以使用下面的写作练习来帮助你做到这一点)”中的“do this”以及下文内容可推断，空处应该内容和“不要太自责”相似。选项D“It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness. (宽恕自己也同样重要)”与“不要太自责”语意相近，起承上启下的作用, 同时也呼应文章的标题，提出话题。故选D。
(2) 2021年全国甲卷
根据上文 “Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room.”可知，衣服应该归类放置。F项“让每个人将衣服放在相应的位置上”可以承接上文，是对衣服归类放置的进一步说明。所以选择F。
(3) 2022年全国甲卷
根据下文“the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices. (你就会对它的外国文化习俗感到越舒服)”可推知，此处指在一个国家待得越久，就会越习惯当地习俗，且此处是“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，B项“The more time you spend in any given country (你在某个国家待的时间越长)”符合文意，引出下文。故选B。
五、掌握语篇的微观衔接
（一）语篇衔接手段——指代关系
例题分析
2023年新高考Ⅰ卷
根据空后内容“That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. (这样，你们就可以交换意见，谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同，以及你们个性中闪光的方面)”可知，空处提到了某种方式，这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等。选项C“They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise. (他们甚至可能想试一试做练习)”符合语境，C项中的“they”与空前的“You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. (你可以让朋友或家人帮你增加你的列表内容。)”中的“a friend or family member”保持一致，故选C。
跟踪训练
(1)2021年新高考Ⅰ卷
分析题目可知，空前always crowded提到咖啡馆里人很多，且French cafe s与A选项中的customers为同话题词复现，又根据空后When do these people work？以及The French可知咖啡馆的顾客中不光有游客，也有法国当地人。故选A。
(2) 2023年全国甲卷
根据上文“Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common There’s one answer. (这里有一个谜语：交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期开始有什么共同之处？答案只有一个)”可知，本句说明上文谜语答案，G选项中 “they”指代上文“交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期”这些情况，“在这些情况下，我们都需要一点额外的耐心”符合语境，故选G。
(3) 2023年全国乙卷
根据上文中“Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature—which is part of the joy of owning plants.”关键词“get to care for them(照顾它们—这是拥有植物的乐趣之一)”可知，不同的植物需求是不同的。由此可知，G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding(了解每种植物的需求是非常有益的)能够承接上文，同时引起下文，下文“It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home and nature.”(它可以为人们的生活带来新的兴趣和焦点，并有助于建立家庭与自然之间的联系。)”具体介绍了了解每种植物的需求的好处。故选G。
（二）语篇衔接手段——信息复现
(1) 词汇复现法
例题分析
2022年新高考Ⅰ卷
根据前文“You and your partner will probably have different skills. (你和你的伴侣可能有不同的技能。)”和后文“Over time, both of you will benefit—your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit.(久而久之，你们双方都会受益——你的伴侣会举起更多的重量，你也会变得更健康。)”可知，要学会求同存异，一起合作，共同提高。所以选择项F“Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other. (接受你们的不同，学会彼此合作。)”符合上下文语境。故选F。
跟踪训练
① 2022年新高考Ⅰ卷
根据前文“You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but probably won’t result in a useful response. (你可能会考虑在社交媒体上发布你想要的东西，但可能不会得到有用的回应。)”和后文“If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.(如果你打算在健身房锻炼，那个人一定是同一个健身房的。)”可知，寻找的锻炼伙伴要具有便利性的特点。所以选择项B“A workout partner usually needs to live close by. (锻炼伙伴通常需要住在附近。)”符合上下文语境。故选B。
② 2023年全国甲卷
根据上文“You should learn to say to yourself (你应该学会对自己说…)”以及后文“You’ll then gradually become more patient. (然后你会逐渐变得更有耐心)”结合本段主要说明的是不舒服的状态，可知，本句为对自己所说的话与接受不舒服相关，故F选项“这仅仅是不舒服，而不是无法忍受”符合语境，故选F。
③ 2023年8省联考
根据空前一句“The key to staying safe in a crowd begins as soon as you arrive at the location, says Randy Atlas”可判断，到达某一地点后最关键是留意最近的出口在哪里。D项中 “he”与上一句的 “Randy Atlas”相呼应，且后句中的 “it”也呼应本句。故选D。
（2）词汇同现法
例题分析
2021年新高考I卷
分析题目可知，空前的plumbing，空后的building, lift是在介绍作者夫妇租住的公寓，与C选项中的kitchen和bed为同话题词复现。故选C。
跟踪训练
① 2021年8省联考
根据空前所述的一个典型的新手跑步者若是进行适当训练的话，约三个月就可以毫无风险地跑5公里可知，C项中提及一年后他参加马拉松也是可能的，承接上句。马拉松也是属于跑步的同话题复现。故选C。
② 2022年全国乙卷
上文“With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge.”（平日繁忙，很难抽出时间打电话。）讲的是双方都很忙碌，很难有时间给对方打电话，D项“尽量找个双方都有空的时间去打电话，并坚持下去” 给出了解决没时间打电话这个问题的方法，符合题意。故选D。
（三）语篇衔接手段——逻辑关系
请说出下列语篇之间的句际逻辑关系: 转折；解释；因果
1.解释关系
(1) 2022年全国甲卷
根据本段小标题“Chopstick Rules”可知，本段主要讲述的是使用筷子的规则。根据上文“When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. (当你在吃的间隙把它们放下来的时候，一定要把它们放在一起，这样它们就和你面前的桌子边缘平行了)”可知，此处讲述了正确使用筷子的方式。由此可知，F项“Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them (不要把它们笔直地插在你的食物中，也不要在使用它们时交叉放置)”讲述的也是使用筷子时的注意事项，符合此处语境，其中“them”指的是上文的“chopsticks”。故选F。
(2) 2023年新高考Ⅱ卷
【38题详解】
分析设空处，空处位于第二句，此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文“Continually challenge yourself to try something new. (不断挑战自己，尝试新事物)”以及后文“Artistic growth can be a bit painful. (艺术的成长可能会有点痛苦)”可知，A项“Get out of your comfort zone. (走出你的舒适区)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。故选A。
【40题详解】
分析设空处，空处位于第二句，此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文“The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. (你的旅程不会是一条笔直的道路)”以及后文“Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life. (坚持下去，给它时间，付出努力。你将收获艺术生活的回报)”可知，E项“You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times. (你会遇到障碍，有时你会感到气馁)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。故选E项。
2.递进关系
2023年全国甲卷
根据上文“Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic.(感恩有很多好处：研究表明，感恩让我们更快乐，压力更小，甚至更乐观)”以及后文“Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,”said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California. (加州大学的研究员叶丽说：“表达感激可以培养自我控制能力。”)可知，上文提到了感恩的诸多好处，可知本句继续说明感恩的好处：它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心。E选项中It指代上文Thankfulness。故E选项“它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心”符合语境，故选E。
3.转折关系
2022年全国乙卷
设空处所在句子的后半句“but long-distance friendships—even close ones—may require more conscious effort to sustain.”（但是异地友谊—甚至是关系亲密的友谊—可能需要更加自觉地去维系。）讲的是我们要更加自觉地维系异地友谊，其中“but”说明后半句与设空处形成转折，而F项“朋友之间很容易通过社交媒体产生一种联结感”讲的是可以通过社交媒体这种方式很容易与朋友产生联结，与后半句“require more conscious effort to sustain”形成转折，而且其中的“social media”呼应了该段的小标题“Don’t rely on technology alone”（不要仅仅依赖技术）中的“technology”。故选F项。
4.因果关系
(1) 2022年新高考Ⅱ卷
空前说“The third technique is to try printing out a triple—spaced (三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision. (第三种方法是打印出三倍行距的副本，以便有修改的空间。)”，F选项“Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revise. (许多初来乍到的作者没有留出足够的修改空间。)”中的“revise”和前面的“revision”一致，指出了新手作者的常见做法，且其中的“Many beginning writers”和后文的“these writers”相互呼应，因此F选项承上启下，和下文的as a result构成因果关系，符合语境，故选F。
(2) 2023年新高考Ⅱ卷
根据前文“Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. (从小开始。我建议使用一个素描本进行小规模的学习和实践。这些小的学习和实践可以提供灵感，并成为未来更复杂的作品的跳板)”以及后文“You’ll want to look back on your journey to see how far you’ve come. (你会想要回顾一下自己的艺术之旅，看看自己已经取得多少进步)”可知，空处应是一个过渡句，从给出建议使用一个素描本进行小规模的学习和实践，到回顾自己的艺术之旅，所以C项“Don’t throw away your beginner art. (不要扔掉你的初学时的艺术作品)”符合文意，和后文形成因果顺承关系。故选C项。
5.时间顺承关系
2022年新高考Ⅱ卷
空前说“After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter your changes into your word processor. (当你修改你的草稿，直到它太乱以至于无法继续工作，你可以把你的修改输入到你的文字处理器中。)”，空后说“The resulting blank space invites you to revise. (由此产生的空白允许您修改。)”，因此空格处应说输入到文字处理器后应该做什么，G选项“Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space. (然后你可以打印一份新的草稿，同样将文本设置为三倍行距。)”说的是输入到你的文字处理器后的做法，其中的“triple-space”和后文的“The resulting blank space”相呼应，因此G选项承上启下，符合语境，故选G。
6.对比关系
(1) 2023年全国乙卷
根据上文“Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter.(这些品种中的许多都不适合在英国户外生长，尤其是在冬天)”可知，有些植物不适合在户外寒冷的环境中生长，即适合在温暖的地方生长。由此可知，D. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer(相反，它们在温暖的室内生长得更好)能够通过对比关系，承接上文，符合语境。故选D。
(2) 2020年新高考Ⅰ卷
根据空格处上文“Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking.”及下文“Do you want to be a good public speaker Here are some principles you must master.”可知，空格处表示转折，即并非每个人都有表演的天赋，大部分人是经过培训才成为给人深刻印象的演讲者。故选G。
分指关系
2023年全国乙卷
根据上文“There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking.(也有研究表明，盆栽植物可以通过去除二氧化碳等有害气体来净化周围的空气。它们还能去除油漆或烹饪中的一些有害化学物质)”可知，盆栽植物能够清除有害物质。由此可知，E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s tongue are among the best(像和平百合和魔芋之类的植物是最好的)能够承接上文，列举了在这方面做的最好的植物，符合语境。故选E。
8.例证关系
(1) 2023年新高考Ⅰ卷
根据空前内容“In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” (在日记或纸上写上“个人优点”)以及空后内容“Are you caring Creative Generous A good listener Fun to be around They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of. (你有爱心吗？有创造力吗？你慷慨吗？是一个好的倾听者？与人相处很有趣吗？它们不一定要改变世界，只要你个性中让你感到自豪的方面就行)”可知，空处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。选项B“Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself. (现在列出所有你喜欢的自己身上的特点)”符合上下文内容，下文内容具体解释那些是优点。故选B。
(2) 2022年新高考Ⅰ卷
根据前文可知，本段作者以自己的锻炼伙伴为例，说明寻找锻炼伙伴布告所要包括的信息。所以选择项G“Any notice for a training partner should include such information. (任何锻炼伙伴的布告都应包括这些信息。)”符合上下文语境。故选G。
真题演练
1.2024年八省联考卷 CGEFB
[导语]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了气味可以影响我们的认知。
【36题详解】
根据下文“Roja Dove, a perfumer, told the BBC that when we are born, the olfactory bulb (嗅球), which is the area in our brain that processes smell, is empty, without pre-existing information or association. (香水师Roja Dove告诉BBC,当我们出生时，我们大脑中处理气味的嗅球是空的，没有预先存在的信息或联系)”可知，此处是在说明嗅觉与大脑的关系, 因此选择项C “How is the sense of smell connected to your brain (嗅觉是如何连接到你的大脑的 )”符合语境。故选C。
【37题详解】
根据下文 “When we smell an odour (气味) again, the original and unique memory comes flooding back because of the association acquired in our previous experience. (当我们再次闻到一种气味时，由于我们先前经验中获得的联想，最初的和独特的记忆会大量涌现)”可知，我们是后天获得的对气味的反应。因此选择项G “Therefore, our responses to smells are learnt and highly individualized.(因此，我们对气味的反应是习得的，并且高度个性化)”符合语境。故选G。
【38题详解】
根据上文 “Our awareness of smells is primarily unconscious. (我们对气味的意识主要是无意识的)”可知，想对气味有意识需要一定的条件。因此选择项E “We are not actively aware of them unless they are extremely strong, (除非它们非常强大,否则我们不会主动意识到它们)”符合语境。故选E。
【39题详解】
根据下文 “Mark Moss at Northumbria University’s Psychology Department discovered that certain essential oils, such as peppermint, positively impact cognition, and rosemary’s sent can enhance memory. (诺森比亚大学心理学系的马克莫斯发现，某些精油，如薄荷,对认知有积极影响，迷迭香的气味可以增强记忆)”可知，精油的香味也会影响大脑的表现。因此选择项F “This is especially true when it comes to the fragrance of essential oils.(说到精油的香味，更是如此)”符合语境。故选F。
【40题详解】
根据下文 “The next time a familiar smell brings back a special memory. just remember that your nose is working wonders. (下次一种熟悉的气味唤起特别的记忆时，只要记住你的鼻子正在创造奇迹)”可知，鼻子会自动地处理气味,我们不应该忽视鼻子的作用。因此选择项B “So, don’t take your nose for granted.(所以,不要把你的鼻子视为理所当然)符合语境。故选B。
2. 2024年1月浙江首考 GFADE
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在线学习的注意事项。
【36题详解】
由上文“In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience. (在过去的几年里，在线学习已经成为大学生活的重要组成部分)”可知，在线学习对大学生活很重要，本空要说跟“这种现象的具体表现”有关的话题，故G选项“A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses. (一项调查发现，29%的大学生注册了在线课程。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选G。
【37题详解】
由上文“If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade (但是所有的在线课程都是平等的吗？你如何确定数字化学习适合你？)”可知，上文对在线课程提出疑问，本空可以继续提出疑问，故F选项“If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade (如果你参加了在线课程，你能做些什么来确保尽可能好的成绩？)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选F。
【38题详解】
由上文“The most obvious advantage of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime. (在线学习最明显的优势是你可以随时随地学习)”可知，在线学习具备的优势是可以让你随时随地学习，本空要说跟“学习时间”有关的话题，故A选项“But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines. (但这并不意味着没有最后期限。)”与上文构成转折关系，that指代上一句话，符合题意。故选A。
【39题详解】
由下文“He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades. (他指出，他的在线学生最终的成绩通常较低)”可知，本空要说跟“在线老师”有关的话题，故D选项“Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online. (Alex Davidson教授亲自授课和在线授课)”能引起下文，下文中的He指代D项中的“Alex Davidson教授”，符合题意。故选D。
【40题详解】
由下文“A social connection is often a big part of learning. There are things you can do to ease this problem. Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can motivate each other to stay on track. You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group, or schedule in-person meeting s with your professor to discuss course concepts. (社会关系通常是学习的重要组成部分。你可以做一些事情来缓解这个问题。本科生杰西卡·平克建议和朋友一起参加在线课程，这样你们就可以互相激励，坚持下去。你也可以在课堂讨论板上找到学生，组织一个学习小组，或者安排与教授面对面的会议，讨论课程概念)”可知，本空要说跟“人们之间的互动”有关的话题，故E选项“The chief complain t about online courses is that they lack human interaction. (对在线课程的主要抱怨是它们缺乏人与人之间的互动。)”能引起下文，符合题意。故选E。
3. 2023年新高考II卷 CGADE
【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了了一些开始艺术之旅的好建议。
【36题详解】
根据前文“Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. (从小开始。我建议使用一个素描本进行小规模的学习和实践。这些小的学习和实践可以提供灵感，并成为未来更复杂的作品的跳板)”以及后文“You’ll want to look back on your journey to see how far you’ve come. (你会想要回顾一下自己的艺术之旅，看看自己已经取得多少进步)”可知，空处应是一个过渡句，从给出建议使用一个素描本进行小规模的学习和实践，到回顾自己的艺术之旅，所以C项“Don’t throw away your beginner art. (不要扔掉你的初学时的艺术作品)”符合文意，和后文形成顺承关系。故选C项。
【37题详解】
分析设空处，位于段尾，是对本段的总结，根据前文“Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. (经常作画，且从生活中作画。没有什么比不断练习更能提高你的艺术水平了。无论你是绘制静物、肖像还是风景，都要尽可能地从真实生活中去观察和绘制)”可知，本段主要讲述不断练习绘画，所以G项“You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition. (你会逐渐形成只有通过反复练习才能获得的绘画肌肉记忆)”是对前文的总结。故选G项。
【38题详解】
分析设空处，空处位于第二句，此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文“Continually challenge yourself to try something new. (不断挑战自己，尝试新事物)”以及后文“Artistic growth can be a bit painful. (艺术的成长可能会有点痛苦)”可知，A项“Get out of your comfort zone. (走出你的舒适区)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。故选A项。
【39题详解】
分析设空处，位于段首，是本段的中心句，根据后文“Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability. (寻求并接受有建设性的反馈对于你的成长非常重要。我在社交媒体上发布我的作品，并因此结识了一些最友好的人。无论我的艺术水平如何，他们都让我感到受到了重视和尊重)”可知，本段主要讲述了是分享自己的作品，所以D项“Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so. (如果你感觉舒适的话，分享你的作品)”符合文意，是本段的中心句。故选D项。
【40题详解】
分析设空处，空处位于第二句，此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文“The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. (你的旅程不会是一条笔直的道路)”以及后文“Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life. (坚持下去，给它时间，付出努力。你将收获艺术生活的回报)”可知，E项“You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times. (你会遇到障碍，有时你会感到气馁)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。故选E项。
七、好题速递
1. GADEB
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了学习的乐趣，途径及益处。
【36题详解】
1. outburst from instinct和上文shout语义连贯，有承上功能；2. the joy of its satisfaction和下文this pleasure语意连贯，有启下功能；3. 谈到了从阿基米德到一般人，揭示出了本文话题，即：introduce the topic。故选G。干扰选项C错误原因：1. 只是简单承接上文，但没有启下，下一段this pleasure无所回指；2. 本句从阿基米德还是谈到了阿基米德，未揭示本文topic；3. 本句语意与文本中心毫无关联，且有自编痕迹。故选G。
【37题详解】
本段主要讲述the benefits from learning from books。第一句谈到了从教科书学习的局限性，后面谈到的从书本学习的乐趣。此处和前一句形成转折逻辑关系，同时又引出后文内容，语意连贯。故选A。
【38题详解】
上文“One is the pleasure of understanding the unexpected, such as when one meets a new author who has a new vision of the world.”（一种是意外之喜，比如当一个人遇到了一位新的作家，他对世界有一个新视角的时候。）描述了读书的一种乐趣，D项“The other pleasure is of deepening one’s knowledge of a special field.”（另一种乐趣是加深了一个人对专业领域的认知。）描述了读书的第二种乐趣，照应上文“As for reading books, this contains two different delights.” 该处有段落间微观结构：One...the other。故选D。
【39题详解】
1. 和下文“Every new art you learn appears like a new window on the universe, which helps you acquire a new sense.”构成了语意连贯；2. 和上一段leaning means keeps the mind...，构成了叙事方式的两个方面，选项中的also means和上一段结构和内容相互照应。故选E。
【40题详解】
下文“Instead of decreasing, in time, like health and strength, its returns go on increasing, provided that you aim throughout your life, as you continue learning, to integrate (整合)your thoughts, to make it harmonious”（不像健康和能量那样，随着时间的流逝会逐渐减弱，它的回报会持续增加，只要在你这一生继续学习的过程中，立志把你的思想融会贯通，使之和谐。）从更高的维度说明了学习带来的好处。B项“Learning extends our lives into new dimensions”（学习能够把我们的生命延伸到新的维度。）形成语意连贯。故选B。
2. AEGBF
【导语】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了如何制定有成效的新年计划。
【36题详解】
由前文 “It is a common practice to create New Year’s resolutions, yet are they helpful (制定新年计划是-种常见的做法，但是新年计划都有效果吗)”及后文说明了正确的做法也提及了不当的做法可知，A选项“这要视情况而定”回答了前一个问句，也照应了后面的内容,承上启下。故选A项。
【37题详解】
空前 “Reflecting on your behaviors and creating goals that align with your values can motivate helpful change.反思你的行为,制定与你的价值观-致的目标，可以激发有益的改变)”及空后 “you can experience a sense of meaning and quality of life(你可以体验到生活的意义和质量)”进一步提到获得的益处可知，E选项“当你弄清楚什么是重要的,并朝着这个方向采取步骤时，”为时间状语从句，为后文结果的时间条件,符合语境。故选E项。
【38题详解】
空前 “However, people don’t always approach New Year’s resolutions in a helpful way.(然而，人们并不总是以一种有益的方式来实现新年决心)”表明了人们不当的做法，空后 “Do you feel the need to set a goal or make a change based on what someone else would like you to do (你是否觉得有必要根据别人希望你做的事情来设定一个目标或做出改变)”同样表明根据感觉做出改变, G选项决心通常不是基于真正的愿望，而是基于一种“应该的感觉”符合此处语境。故选G项。
【39题详解】
空前 “So, if you plan to set a New Year’s resolution, first be honest with yourself about whether the resolution is important and meaningful to you.(所以,如果你打算制定一个新年计划，首先要诚实地问自己这个计划对你来说是否重要和有意义)”表明如何制定新年计划，空后 “Have you got an understanding of the value that the resolution is connected to that provides you with a sense of purpose (你是否理解了决心的价值，它为你提供了一种使命感)”用提问询问是否真正理解这种意义，B选项“你清楚的知道为什么吗”与下一句构成并列关系,两者一起进一步解释前一句。故选B项。
【40题详解】
空处为本段中心句，上文 “first be honest with yourself about whether the resolution is important and meaningful to you”(首先要诚实地面对自己，这个决心对你来说是否重要、是否有意义)讲的是思想上的准备, F选项“然后, 对自己现实一点,制定一些小的、具体的、可行的目标”是行动方面的具体做法，讲了一个话题的两个方面，两句里的first和then两词, 也说明了两句的语义逻辑。故选F项。
2
