学生版巩固练习答案参考:
考点一 谓语动词
1.【解析】formed 考查时态。根据从句中opened in 1759可知发生在过去,因此用过去式。
2.【解析】are called 考查时态和语态。向公众开放的博物馆的部分被称为展览馆或展览室。
3.【解析】 is 考查时态和主谓一致。博物馆收藏品的一小部分看做整体,再结合时间状语often,因此本题填is。
4.【解析】 was 考查主谓一致和时态。主语是第三人称单数it,时间状语是then,所以用was。
5.【解析】 were 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区,将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构,以提高效率,减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语,先行词为a significant number of areas,先行词在从句中作主语,根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时,根据主谓一致,从句主语复数,从句谓语复数形式。
6.【解析】 is designed 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性,保护生物多样性,保护生态缓冲区,为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓语,和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系;叙述客观事实,应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态,主语单数,谓语单数形式。
7.【解析】 was introduced 考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意:公元前三世纪,句号被拜占庭的希腊文学评论家阿里斯托芬引入。根据时间状语In the third century BC可知,此处陈述过去发生的事情,使用一般过去时,主语和谓语动词是被动关系,or连接的主语谓语动词遵循就近原则,谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。
8.【解析】reminds/will remind考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:在他的书中,他说句号已经成为一种情绪标记,提醒接收者发送者是生气或恼怒的。结合语境,此处可表示陈述客观事实,使用一般现在时,也可使用一般将来时,主语为that,指代marker,谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。
9.【解析】is believed 考查时态和语态。据说,舞狮首次出现在乾隆皇帝南巡途中的梦里,自从那之后,他命令制造出与他的描述相像的一种动物并用于过节。
10.【解析】succeeded 考查时态。 那天,我看到一部关于留守青少年的电影,尽管困难重重,他仍坚持追逐自己的梦想,最终在舞狮表演方面取得成功。
考点二 非谓语动词
V-ing的用法:
1.【解析】 walking 与living并列,一起做imagine的宾语,因此用V-ing形式。
2.【解析】aching 考查非谓语动词。修饰legs用现在分词aching,表示主动和进行的动作。
3.【解析】Covering考查非谓语动词。句意:该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍,将成为中国首批国家公园之一。设空处在句中作非谓语,cover和句子的逻辑主语the GPNP为逻辑的主动关系,应用现在分词的形式作状语,首字母大写。
4.【解析】wanting考查非谓语动词。句意:无论我在哪里买,一蒸笼都不够,而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了,所以我总是想下次再买。分析句子可知,此处考查“leave sb+宾语补足语”,本句是被动语态,want是主语补足语,根据句意,I与want之间是主动的逻辑关系,用现在分词wanting。
5.【解析】 Having learned 考查非谓语动词。句子主语是“he”,与“learn”为逻辑上的主谓关系,且 learn动作发生在前(有for years提示) ,所以用现在分词的完成式。
V-ed的用法
1.【解析】 astonished 使我们处于感到震惊的状态,因此用表示被动的astonished。
2.【解析】recognized考查非谓语动词。句意:上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡,但美食历史学家会告诉你,邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空格在名词home前面作定语,recognize与home是逻辑上动宾关系,需填过去分词recognized作定语,recognized“被公认的”也可以看作是形容词作定语。
3.【解析】used考查非谓语动词。句意:他们认为,曾经在传统短信中使用的句号已经没有必要了,因为现在短信通过发送就可以结束了。feel为谓语动词,空处需填非谓语动词,use和stop为动宾关系,需填过去分词形式。
4.【解析】covered 狮头是用纸蒙在竹框架上做成的,头上盖着一层纱布,还用精美的彩色材质装饰起来。
5.【解析】planted 考查非谓语动词。句意:当希望被种植在肥沃的土壤里时,融人新的生命,结 出变化之果。v.-ed 作状语。plant 和主句主语hope之间是被动关系。
to do的用法
1.【解析】to increase考查非谓语动词。句意:该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区,将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构,以提高效率,减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在句中作非谓语,做目的状语,应用动词的不定式的形式。
2.【解析】to bite考查非谓语动词。句意:吃小笼包的时候,你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁,还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里,让热汤在舌头上爆炸。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”,用不定式作宾语,空处与后面to put并列作宾语。
3.【解析】to be lifted考查非谓语动词。句意:除了南翔,最好的小笼包有一个精致的,可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来,而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。根据搭配allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”可知,空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语,补足语lift out与宾语them(指代小笼包)是逻辑上的动宾关系,空格需填动词不定式的被动式to be lifted。
4.【解析】to show考查非谓语动词。句意:它用来表示句子的结尾。be used to do sth.为固定用法,意为“被用来做某事”,空处需填动词不定式。
5.【解析】to be made 本题中order sb to do sth,而且animal与make 之间是被动关系,因此用to be made。
考点三 词形转换
提示词为动词
1.【解析】tasty考查形容词。句意:小笼包(汤包),那些精致的饺子皮,包裹着热腾腾的美味汤和甜甜的鲜肉,是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。形容词需修饰后面的名词soup(汤),故空格需用tasty“美味的”作定语。
2.【解析】annoyed考查形容词。句意:在他的书中,他说句号已经成为一种情绪标记,提醒接收者发送者是生气或恼怒的。分析句子结构,空处位于系动词is之后,需填形容词作表语,此处表示人的感受,需用-ed结尾的形容词。
3.【解析】celebrations 考查名词。 有许多有趣的新年庆祝活动,但是要论能够完全唤醒人们的精气神的,没有一个可以和舞狮相媲美的。
4.【解析】admission 考查名词。admission letter意为“录取通知书”。
5.【解析】 extension 考查名词。句意:这样可以延长生长季节。冠词后面应用名词形式。
提示词为名词
1.【解析】wealthy 考查形容词。在18、19世纪,有钱人一路走一路搜集植物、古董还有艺术品。
2.【解析】populations考查名词复数。句意:GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系,最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处和and后的复数名词homes并列在句中作宾语,应用可数名词population (种群)的复数的形式。
3.【解析】experts考查名词复数。句意:世界顶尖的语言专家之一David Crystal认为,句号的用法正在以一种真正根本的方式被修改。expert意为“专家”,是可数名词,one of后面需加名词复数形式。
4.【解析】 admission 考查名词。admission letter意为“录取通知书”。
5.【解析】 muddy 考查形容词。句意:戏称自己为“弹涂鱼”,他经常被人看到卷着裤腿站在泥泞的田地里。空处修饰名词field, 应用形容词形式。
提示词为形容词
1.【解析】accuracy 历史的准确性是重要的,但娱乐也很重要。
2.【解析】undoubtedly 考查副词。修饰动词help,用副词形式。
3.【解析】 hotter 考查形容词。此处相当于“the more..., the more...”结构,意为“越……越……”。前面用的是the colder,所以此处用the hotter。
4.【解析】 eventually考查副词。句意:GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系,最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处后为动词achieve,设空处应用副词eventually作状语,修饰动词achieve。
5.【解析】rarely考查副词。句意:无论我在哪里买,一蒸笼都不够,而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了,所以我总是想下次再买。修饰形容词用副词作状语,rarely“少有”。
6.【解析】perfectly考查副词。句意:例如,在邮件中使用句号是完全可以接受的,不被认为是无礼的。空处修饰形容词acceptable,需填副词作状语。
7.【解析】 completely 考查副词。完全唤醒人们的精气神,用副词修饰动词wake up。
8.【解析】lower 考查形容词比较级。但是这真的很难,因为狮头很重,作为狮子的下半部位很累人的,因为有时候他得弯着腰的同时托着前面的人。
9.【解析】wholly考查副词。此空修饰形容词“unable”, 应用副词。
10.【解析】Uniquely 考查副词。句意:拥有得天独厚的自然恩赐和丰富的国家资源,在这片土地上,农业专家就如何处理全球饥饿问题贡献力量。空处修饰blessed,应用副词形式。
提示词为代词
1.【解析】themselves 考查反身代词。想象他们自己生活在历史的不同时期或者在穿越一片雨林。
2.【解析】 mine 考查代词。上文提到“in the visitor’s memory”,此处相当于“in my memory”,所以用mine代替my memory。
3.【解析】their考查代词。句意:除了南翔,最好的小笼包有一个精致的外皮,可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来,而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。修饰后面的名词contents(东西)需用形容词性物主代词their。
4.【解析】it 考查固定搭配 keep it in mind that牢记...。
5.【解析】them 考查代词 指代前面的students。
无提示词(连词,介词,冠词)
考点四 连词
1.【解析】which/that 考查定语从句。举例来说,由Hans Sloane先生收藏的80000件藏品形成了大英博物馆的核心藏品,该博物馆开放于1759年。
2.【解析】and 考查连词。空格后的动词offers与前面的动词highlights构成并列关系,所以用and。
3.【解析】and考查连词。句意:GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性,保护生物多样性,保护生态缓冲区,为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处前后为并列关系,应用and。
4.【解析】or考查连词。句意:吃小笼包的时候,你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁,还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里,让热汤在舌头上爆炸。whether...or... “是……还是……”,固定搭配。
5.【解析】who考查定语从句。句意:然而,对于十几岁的青少年和20岁出头的年轻人来说,句号有不同的含义,他们认为这是愤怒的表现。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词teenagers and those in their early 20s,指人,需用关系代词who引导从句。
6.【解析】which 考查定语从句。能够响彻你全身的鼓声令人感到十分振奋。两位表演者动作非常灵活。
7.【解析】when/if 考查连词。生活就像一面镜子,当/如果我们向其微笑,我们就会得到最好的结果。
8.【解析】that/which 考查定语从句。此处定语从句修饰 a career,且关系代词在从句中作主语。
9.【解析】where 考查定语从句。句意:拥有得天独厚的自然恩赐和丰富的国家资源,在这片土地上,农业专家就如何处理全球饥饿问题贡献力量。先行词为ground,引导词在定语从句中充当地点状语。
10.【解析】or考查连词。句意:生活就像种子一样,或者有时不像预期的那样生长,或者有时不活跃。either ... or .... 或者.....或....。
考点五 介词
1.【解析】for 考查介词。compete for 为..而竞争。
2.【解析】as考查介词。句意:大熊猫还扮演着保护伞的角色,为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物带来保护。固定短语:serve as... 充当...。
3.【解析】in 考查介词。in vain 徒劳地,白费力气地。
4.【解析】for 考查介词。此处需用介词for表达原因。
5.【解析】 by 考查介词。句意:使繁殖周期缩短一半或更多。by表示程度或者数量。
考点六 冠词
1.【解析】a 考查冠词。a must意为“一处必须去的地方”。
2.【解析】the考查冠词。句意:该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍,将成为中国首批国家公园之一。本句的结构为:倍数+ the size of +比较成份。
3.【解析】a考查冠词。句意:肉应该是新鲜的,有一点甜味,汤应该是热的,清澈的,美味的。a touch of “一点点;稍许”,常用搭配,touch“轻微;稍许”常用作单数。
4.【解析】a考查冠词。句意:在发送信息时,他们倾向于通过将每条信息单独发送,而不是使用句号来分散自己的思想。message为可数名词,此处表示泛指“一条独立的信息”,且separate发音以辅音音素开头,需用不定冠词a修饰。
5.【解析】 the 考查冠词。因为person后有in front修饰,表特指,因此用定冠词the。
模拟冲刺
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在苏格兰的一所小学里,诺曼·刘易斯让学生使用老式钢笔写字取得良好效果的故事。
【36题详解】考查名词的数。句意:现在,大多数人拿起键盘的速度比拿起笔的速度还快。根据空格前的介词for可知,空格处应填名词作宾语,keyboard为可数名词,前面没有冠词应用名词的复数形式。故填keyboards。
【37题详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:他觉得整洁的书写仍然是一项重要的技能,所以他不仅让学生手写,还让他们用老式的钢笔写字。空格处作谓语,本句陈述的是客观事实,应用一般现在时,且主语handwriting为不可数名词,应用动词的第三人称单数形式。故填is。
【38题详解】考查介词。句意:他觉得整洁的书写仍然是一项重要的技能,所以他不仅让学生手写,还让他们用老式的钢笔写字。根据空格后的名词old fashioned fountain pens可知,空格处应填介词,表示“使用”应用介词with。故填with。
【39题详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意:钢笔很久以前就在学校里使用了,最近又重新流行起来,因为它们可以重新填充。空格处作谓语,根据时间状语long ago可知,应用一般过去时,主语Fountain pens和动词use之间是被动关系,应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were used。
【40题详解】考查副词。句意:今天,一个作家只是把一支空笔扔掉,再买一支新的。空格处作状语,修饰动词throws,应用副词形式。故填simply。
【41题详解】考查冠词。句意:今天,一个作家只是把一支空笔扔掉,再买一支新的。空格后的代词one指代可数名词pen,此处表示泛指,且new是以辅音音标开头,应用不定冠词a。故填a。
【42题详解】考查名词。句意:他很高兴看到他的学生和他自己的书写都有了改善。根据空格前的冠词the可知,空格处应填名词作介词with的宾语,表示“改善”是improvement,为不可数名词。故填improvement。
【43题详解】考查连词。句意:他很高兴看到他的学生和他自己的书写都有了改善。空格前短语in his students’ writing和空格后的短语in his own writing为并列关系,应用and表示这种关系。故填and。
【44题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:他知道电脑会一直存在,不会消失。根据空前的动词are可知,空格处应填不定式作表语,be to do为固定搭配,表示“必定会”,是对未来的一种推测。故填to stay。
【45题详解】考查代词。句意:然而,他认为,用钢笔练习可以帮助学生集中注意力,写得更快,他们可以为自己感到自豪。根据空格前的介词of可知,空格处应填代词作宾语,根据句意“他们自己”应用themselves。故填themselves。短文填空专题(学生版)
近4年高考命题回顾
主题语境:人与自我、人与社会或人与自然
文章特点:200词左右的记叙文或说明文
命题考点:谓语动词(时态、语态和主谓一致);非谓语动词;词性转换;
名词复数和所有格;形容词和副词比较级;代词;连词;介词;冠词
考点 2020-2023新高考全国I卷 2021-2024八省联考 统计
2020 2021 2022 2023 2021 2022 2023 2024
词性 转换 2 3 1 3 2 2 3 3 19
时态、语态 (主谓一致) 3 1 2 2 2 1 1 12
非谓语动词 1 2 3 2 2 2 3 15
名词 复数 1 1 1 3
形容词 、副词 1 1 2
代词 1 1 1 3
连词 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 12
介词 1 1 2
冠词 1 1 1 1 1 1 6
固定 搭配 1 1 2 1 1 6
解题步骤
1.通读全文,了解大意
2.理解句意,初选答案
3.分析结构,解决难题
4.复读全文,核查三写(拼写书写大小写)
解题方法与策略
一、有提示词填空题的解题技巧
有提示词填空题要求使用括号中词语的正确形式填空,主要考查谓语动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词或副词的比较级及最高级、名词的复数形式、词性转换这几种情况。
(一)动词
当设空处后面给出动词原形时,设空处一般会考查动词的时态、几种常见时态下的被动语态形式或非谓语动词。
1.考查谓语动词的时态和语态
分析句子结构,确定句中是否缺谓语动词。如缺谓语动词,则考查动词的时态和语态。同时还要注意主谓一致。
①根据“具体的时间状语”:通过寻找标志性状语来判定时态,如:yesterday, tomorrow, always,
since, in the past few years, over the years, by+时间, so far等都是动词时态常用的标志性状语。
②根据“并列谓语动词”:当句中有两个或两个以上的动词时,它们之间可能是同时发生,也可能有一定的先后关系,我们可以根据这种谓语动词的关系来判定时态。同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语,谓语动词的时态要一致。
③根据“语篇语境”:根据时态的基本定义及用法范围,再结合语篇语境判断时态和语态。
④根据“固定句式”:熟记一些常用句式:be doing ...when ...;no sooner...than...;hardly
...when...等。
⑤根据“逻辑关系”:采用“先语态、后时态”的方式,先根据谓语动词与句子主语之间的逻辑关系,二者为主动关系用主动语态,是被动关系则用被动语态。
真题赏析
1.(2023年八省联考)His story, which __________(view) more than 19 million times up till now,
has gone viral (在网上快速传的) on social media platform Sina Weibo and he wins admiration
from its users for his courage, determination and hard work.
【解析】 has been viewed考查动词的时态和语 态。由时间状语“up till now可判断,谓语应为 现在完成时,且主语“his story”与动词“view”之间是动宾关系。
2.(2024年八省联考)Dr. Xiao, along with other Nanfan researchers, __________ (commit) wholeheartedly to improving grain production, ensuring that people''s dinner tables are filled.
【解析】 is committed/commits 考查动词的时态。句意:肖博士和其他南繁的研究者们一起全身心致力于提升粮食产量,确保人们粮食充足。
3.(2021年新高考II卷)I kept going.Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I’d send an email.One of the biggest companies I wrote to __________(be) Alaska Airlines.
【解析】was 主语应是最大的公司之一,用单数。
4.(2020全国III卷)The artist was sure he would ___________(choose),but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister,the old man laughed.
【解析】be chosen 前面would 是情态动词,后接动词原形,choose 与主语he之间被动关系。
5.(2023全国乙卷)Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I_________(amaze) by the coexistence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage(遗产)while constantly growing.
【解析】was amazed 根据and 后was able to 用一般过去时,I与amaze之间被动关系,因此用was amazed.
2.考查非谓语动词
若句中已有谓语动词,且设空处不作并列谓语动词,应考虑该空是否考查非谓语动词。根据非谓语动词在句中所作成分、句式的特殊要求或某些词语的特殊要求,确定用哪种非谓语动词形式,是主动关系还是被动关系,用一般式还是用完成式。
形式 意义 补充
V-ing a.表示与逻辑主语构成“主动”关系; b.表示与谓语动词相比,该动作“正在进行”; c.表示“主动且进行”。 介词后应使用动词-ing形式作宾语:记住常见的介词,如after,in,on,at及固定搭配中的介词,如insist on doing,be devoted to doing等。
V-ed a.表示与逻辑主语构成“被动”关系; b.表示与谓语动词相比,该动作“已经完成”; c.表示“被动且完成”。
To do a.表示该动词与谓语动词相比较“尚未发生”; b.作目的状语; c.用于固定句式中:be likely to do sth, have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth, spend time (in) doing sth, It is possible to do ..., aim to do, see+宾语+宾语补足语,be+adj.+to do sth, set out to do ..., be expected to do等。 a.若该不定式与其逻辑主语之间为主动关系,则使用不定式的一般式:to do; b.若为被动形式,则使用不定式的被动语态:to be done。
真题赏析
1.(2024年八省联考)Jokingly (refer) to himself as a “mudskipper”, he is often spotted with rolled-up trouser legs knee-deep in the muddy (mud) fields.
【解析】 referring考查非谓语动词。句意:戏称自己为“弹涂鱼”,他经常被看到卷着裤腿站在 泥泞的田地里。v. -ing表主动。refer 和主句主语he之间是主动关系。故填referring。
2.(2023年八省联考)I believe that obstacles( 障碍) are there ________ ( conquer).
【解析】to be conquered考查非谓语动词。To be conquered作表语,表达“将要”之意,且与主语obstacles是动宾关系。
3.(2024年八省联考)The seed of life will always manage ___ (emerge) through the ground.”
【解析】to emerge 考查不定式。句意:生命的 种子总能从地里冒出来。magnate to do sth. 完 成某事(困难的事)。
4.(2021年全国甲卷)After __________ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall,we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history.
【解析】spending 介词后用V-ing形式。
5.(2023全国乙卷)__________( visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the coexistence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage(遗产)while constantly growing.
【解析】Having visited 状语中的visit动作发生在谓语动词前用having done。
6.(2023常州调研)He sat in my room for a few minutes with his eyes _________(fix) on the poster on the wall.
【解析】fixed 由fix one’s eyes on可知,eyes与fix之间动宾关系。
7.(2022年全国甲卷)Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation _____(hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.
【解析】held 论坛与hold之间被动关系。
8.(2022年全国甲卷)A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked(徒步) 40 days to Xi’an,as a first step ____________(journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
【解析】to journey step被序数词first 修饰,因此后接不定式做后置定语。
9.(2022年全国乙卷)___________(strengthen) the connection with young people,the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media.
【解析】 To strengthen 表目的。
10.(2022年新高考II卷)When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony(阳台), Henry ran one hundred meters, jumped over a 1.20metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the __________(fall) child.
【解析】falling 正在下落的孩子。
名词
1.如何判断填名词
(1)根据所充当成分判断:
①空处作主语或作及物动词或介词的宾语时,填名词;
②作表语,表示主语是“什么”时,填名词。
(2)根据空处位置判断:
①在“冠词(+形容词)”后填名词;
②在“冠词+ +of”结构中填名词;
③在形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、数词、形容词之后,填名词。
2.考查名词的单复数
提示词是名词,分析句子成分后发现词性不需改变,则考虑名词的复数形式,同时注意不规则变化的情况。
(1)利用名词前的修饰语,确定名词的单复数形式
①有these、those、some、many、all、both、a number of、several、hundreds of 等词修饰时,名词一般用复数形式。
②名词前有one of、among 时,名词一般用复数形式。
③名词前有形容词different、various、separate等时,名词一般用复数形式。
(2)利用谓语的数确定名词的数
所填名词作主语,且谓语动词是复数形式are、were、have等时,名词一般用复数形式。
【提示】
语法填空题对名词的考查主要包括名词的单复数和所有格,以及给出动词、形容词等提示词要求写出适当的名词形式。学生应注意以下几点:
(1)注意名词前表示数量概念的修饰语和名词后的谓语等线索,判断名词的单复数形式。
(2)熟悉、区别可数/不可数名词,尤其是同一个名词,在不同词义下可数与不可数的用法,如work、experience、possession等。
(3)牢记永远不可数的名词有fun、furniture、information、progress、advice、weather、equipment、homework、luggage/baggage等。
(4)熟悉名词所有格与名词作定语的区别:名词所有格表示名词之间的所有或所属关系;名词作定语用来修饰另一个名词,表示材料、类别、用途等。
真题赏析
1.(2021新高考I卷)The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ____ (human) are.
【解析】humans 考查名词复数。与主语we是同位语,所以用复数。
2.(2020新高考II卷)Also,technological know-how has become a ________(require) for most jobs in an increasingly digital world,as the computer has become a common tool in most professions.
【解析】requirement 前面有不定冠词a,因此用名词形式。
3.(2020年全国II卷)Chinese New Year is a __________(celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.
【解析】celebration 前面有冠词a,因此用名词形式。
4.(2022年全国甲卷)Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental __________(protect).
【解析】protection 根据句意“促进环境保护”,可知用名词形式。
5.(2023新高考II卷)Since June 2017,right before the ________(arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English.
【解析】arrival 前有定冠词the,因此用名词形式。
(三)形容词或副词
出现形容词或副词时一般会考查其比较级或最高级形式。有时也考查形容词与副词之间的转换。分析句子结构并确定所填词在句中所作的成分是解答词形转换题的关键。
1.填形容词或副词
(1)作定语修饰名词,作表语或补足语时常用形容词。
(2)修饰动词(短语)、形容词、副词、介词(短语)或整个句子需用副词。
(3)所给词是形容词、副词,词性不需要变化时,根据句意和前后逻辑关系,确定句意表示否定时,添加否定前缀(un-,im-,dis-等)或否定后缀(-less)变为反义词。
2.考查比较级
提示词是形容词或副词,根据语境和句意,该词词性不变时,则可能填该词的比较级或最高级。
(1)等级判定看标志
①题目中有much, far, still, even, rather, a little, a bit, a lot, a great deal, than等标志性词汇时,用比较级。
②空后有表示范围的标志词in, of, among等时,用最高级。
③空前有one of the, the+序数词等修饰词时,用最高级。
(2)利用固定句型
①“the+比较级, the+比较级”表示“越……,就越……”。
②“比较级+and+比较级”,表示“越来越……”。
③“否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义。
(3)利用隐含信息判断
句中虽没有than等标志词,但暗含比较级或最高级,也需要用比较级或最高级。。
【提示】
(1)通过标志词than、比较等级的修饰语(修饰比较级程度的修饰语有much、a little、a bit、far、by far、a lot、a great/good deal、rather、still;修饰最高级的修饰语有序数词、by far、nearly、almost等)或表示比较意义的语境,判断要用比较级还是最高级。
(2)熟练掌握一些固定结构中比较级或最高级的用法。
这就要求学生要准确理解语境,同时多积累常用比较级或最高级的固定形式。当然学生还要牢记比较级和最高级的正确拼写。此外,要注意very、quite、so、too等不可用来修饰比较级。
(3)掌握形容词变副词的规则。
1.以辅音字母加le结尾时,去e加y。 simple--simply;considerable--considerably;terrible--terribly; gentle--gently;possible--possibly;probable--probably;incredible--incredibly 元音字母加le时直接加ly如;sole--solely。但是whole--wholly例外。
2.少数以e结尾的形容词,要去掉e再加-1y。 true--truly;due--duly (绝大多数辅音字母加e结尾的形容词直接加-ly。polite--politely;wide--widely;wise--wisely;nice--nicely)
3.以“y”结尾的,且读音为 /i/先将“y”’改成“ì”,再加“ly”。 happy--happily;heavy--heavily; angry--angrily; busy--busily但是如果读音为/ai /,直接加ly,如:dry--dryly;sly--slyly; shy--shyly
4.以ic 结尾的词,加ally。 economic--economically;basic--basically;scientific--scientifically;automatic--automatically;energetic--energetically;但是public-- publicly 例外
真题赏析
1.(2021全国乙卷)Provide __________(finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
【解析】financial 提供经济上的帮助,因此用形容词。
2.(2023新高考II卷)So, what are they learning _________(basic), how to describe a panda’s life.
【解析】Basically 从根本上来说。
3.(2022全国甲卷)In the last five years, Cao has walked through 34 countries in six continents,and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s ________(high) mountain.
【解析】highest 非洲最高山脉。
4.(2022新高考II卷)When he looked down, he ________(accidental) slipped and fell over the edge.
【解析】accidentally 用副词修饰动词。
5.(2022北京卷)That’s a big problem and it is getting even ________(bad).The use of those plastics has increased by 300% since 2019.
【解析】worse 变得更糟糕,用比较级。
二、无提示词填空题的解题技巧
无提示词填空题需要考生在没有提示词的情况下填出符合上下文逻辑、词法、句法的单词,主要考查连词、介词、代词、冠词等。
(一)连词
分析设空处前后语句的结构,若是两个分句(有两个主谓结构),且两分句之间没有分号、句号,也没有连接词,设空处必定考查连词。若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词,也可能填并列连词。
1.定语从句
确定是定语从句:空处无提示词,且空前的主句完整;空后的句子不完整,且对空前的某一名词或代词起限定作用,就要考虑填定语从句关系词。
定语从句的关键:
(1)分清限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句。
①先行词的后面出现逗号,是非限制性定语从句。
②that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
③which引导非限制性定语从句,可以代表主句的全部或部分内容;代表整个主句时,which意为“这一点”。
④as引导非限制性定语从句,可置于句中或句首,意为“正如”。其后的谓语动词多是be seen, be known, be reported, be mentioned, be said, be often the case等。
(2)寻找先行词,判断属性(指人还是指物,表示时间,地点,还是原因)。
①先行词指人:that/who/whom/whose;
②先行词指物:that/which/whose;
③表示时间/地点/原因:when/where/why。
(3)判断定语从句所缺成分,确定关系词。
①缺少主语:that/which/who;
②缺少动词的宾语:that/which/who/whom;
③缺少定语:whose;
④缺少时间、地点或原因状语时分别用when、where、why。
【提示】that与which的区别
(1)只用which不用that的情况:
①当关系代词前面有介词或介词短语时;
②引导非限制性定语从句时。
(2)只用that不用which的情况:
①当先行词是all、everything、nothing、something、few、little、much等不定代词时;
②当先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级或the very、the only、any、the last等修饰时;
③先行词既有人又有物时。
真题赏析
1.(2022新高考I卷)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ______ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
【解析】that考查定语从句关系词。句意:该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护,并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句,先行词等于关系词,设空处在从句中作指物的主语,先行词为species,且先行词前为all修饰,只能用关系代词that。
2.(2020全国III卷)In ancient China lived an artist _______paintings were almost lifelike.
【解析】whose 先行词是artist,在定语从句中作定语。
3.(2022全国甲卷)On the 1100-kilometre journey, the man Cao Shengkang, _______ lost his eye-sight at the age of eight in a car accident,crossed 40 cities and countries in three provinces.
【解析】who 先行词是人,在定语从句中作主语。
4.(2023全国甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America _______all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings,”her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables.
【解析】where 先行词是town,在定语从句中作状语。
5(2023全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place _______welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life,with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
【解析】which/that 先行词是place,在定语从句中作主语。
2.名词性从句
确定是名词性从句:空处无提示词,先确定主句的主谓结构,再确定空处和空后的内容在主句中充当主语、宾语、表语或同位语。
名词性从句的关键:
(1)分析句子成分
①从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语,用连接代词what、who、whom、which、whatever等。
②从句中缺少状语(结合句意判断),用连接副词where (表地点)、when (表时间)、how (表方式)、why (表原因)等。
③从句中不缺成分,句意缺少“是否”,用if/whether。
④从句中不缺成分且句子意义完整,用that。
(2)结合句意和引导词的本义解题
有些引导词在句中有很鲜明的意义,如whether/if (是否)、whoever (无论谁)、whatever (无论什么)、because (因为)、why (为什么)等。
(3)牢记what和that的区别
①that没有词义,且在从句中不作任何成分。
②what在从句中表示 “……的(东西)” (有时候可以不译),在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。
【提示】
(1)what与that
①that在名词性从句中具有“两无”“一不”特征——无意义、无成分,(除宾语从句外)不可省略。
that在名词性从句中没有意义,而且不充当句子成分。that引导宾语从句作及物动词的宾语时可省略;在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时,that不可省略。
I think (that) you should turn to the teacher for help.
我认为你应该向老师寻求帮助。
My decision is that all of us are to start at 6 o'clock tomorrow morning.我的决定是我们所有人明天早上6点出发。
②what在名词性从句中具有“两有”“一不”特征——有意义、有成分,不可省略。
what在引导名词性从句时,有一定的意义,一般可译为“……的东西/事情/话等”;what在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语,不可省略。
What was most important to her, she told me, was her family.
她告诉我,对她来说最重要的是她的家庭。
(2)whether与if
在引导名词性从句时,这两个连词常常通用。但是在下面情况下,一般用whether。
①引导主语/表语/同位语从句时;
②引导的从句在介词后时;
③与or not直接连用时;
④与动词不定式连用时。
(3)what与which
what与which在引导名词性从句时,既可以作主语、宾语,又可以作定语。但如果有明确的“范围”时,应用which,而不用what。
真题赏析
1.(2021新高考I卷) _____ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
【解析】What 考查主语从句 该句的“ _________ is so breathtaking about the experience”是主语从句,从句中缺少主语,所以用What。
2.(2022新高考II卷)“He saved my son’s life,”said Mrs.Brown.“I don’t know ________ to thank him.”
【解析】how 考查宾语从句 不知道如何感谢他,因此用how.
3.(2022新高考II卷)They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists.This is ________ they need an English trainer.
【解析】why 考查表语从句 这就是为什么他们需要一个英语教员。
4.(2023扬州高三模拟)There is evidence_______ acupuncture began during the Stone Age.when stone tools called bian were used to press areas of the body.
【解析】that 考查同位语从句 that引导evidence 的同位语从句,对其进行解释说明。
5.(2022浙江1月卷)Cobb,for her part, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak _______ she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of the time, they agreed.
【解析】whether/if 考查宾语从句 请邀请她的大会主办方说说是否能够远程完成。
3.状语从句
确定是状语从句:空处所在的句子作整个句子的状语时,应用状语从句的引导词。
状语从句的关键:
(1)连词before的意义及句型
It will be+一段时间+before ...“多久以后才……”;
It won't be+一段时间+before ...“用不了多久就……”。
(2)连词since的意义及句型
It is +一段时间+since引导的时间状语从句
=It has been +一段时间+since引导的时间状语从句。
该固定句型意为“自从……以来,已经多长时间了”。
(3)whether ...or ...,疑问词+-ever,引导让步状语从句。
(4)where引导地点状语从句。
【提示】
(1)when, while, as
①when, while, as三者都可以用来引导时间状语从句,意为“当……的时候”。
②在when和as引导的从句中,谓语动词既可以是延续性动词也可以是终止性动词,而在while引导的从句中,谓语动词只能是延续性动词。
③三者中as引导时间状语从句时,表示主从句动作同时发生或前后紧接着发生,常译为“(正当)……的时候”“随着……”“一边……一边……”等。
(2)so ...that ..., such ...that ...
①二者都可以引导结果状语从句。so 后中心词为形容词或副词, such后中心词为名词。
②若中心词之前有表示数量的many、much、little、few修饰时,只能用so。
真题赏析
1.(2020全国III卷)______he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的)artist,they smiled and pointed down the river.
【解析】When/As 考查状语从句 表示“当...时候”,且从句中动词asked 为短暂动词,不能用while 引导。
2.(2023扬州高三月考)He was told that it would be at least three months ______ he could recover and return to work.
【解析】before 他被告知,至少三个月后他才会康复并重返工作岗位。
3.(2020浙江1月卷) I was running so fast _______ I bounced off the trunk and landed on my backside.
【解析】that 考查状语从句 so...that 表示“如此...以致于”
4.(2023孝感高考模拟)Apart from that, the decorated resumes do little help to find a job _____most HR managers pay more attention to skills.
【解析】because 除此之外,修饰后的履历并不能对找工作起到很大作用,因为大部分的人力资源部的经理更看重技能。
5.(2023昆明第一中学高三下学期月考)________ a significant number of jaguars survive here, they are only one element of this forest’s food chain.They feed on at least 87 species,including frogs.
【解析】While/Though/Although 尽管大量的美洲虎幸存于此,他们也仅仅是该森林食物链的一个组成部分。他们靠至少87个物种为生,其中还包括青蛙。
4.并列连词
确定填并列连词:无提示词,空前后是两个并列的主谓完整的句子、单词、短语等;而且相并列的成分之间是并列、转折、选择或因果关系,应填并列连词。
并列连词的关键:
(1)关系分析法:分析空前后单词、短语或分句之间的关系,确定用哪个连词。
①表示并列或递进关系的有and、both ...and ...、not only ...but (also) ...、neither ...nor ...等。
②表示选择关系的有or、either ...or ...、not ...but ...等。
③表示转折或对比关系的有but、while等。
④表示因果关系的有so、for等。
句型法
①祈使句+and/or+陈述句,如表示顺承用and,表示转折用or。
②when作并列连词的常用句型:
Sb be doing sth when ...
Sb be about to do sth when ...
Sb had (just) done sth when ...
Hardly ...when ...
真题赏析
1.(2020新高考I卷)They kept their collection at home until it got too big __________until they died, and then it was given to a museum.
【解析】or 考查并列连词。他们把收藏品放在家里直到东西太多,或者直到他们去世,然后再把藏品送到博物馆。
2.(2021全国甲卷)My bike was old and shaky ________did the job.
【解析】but 考查并列连词 前后句之间表转折关系,因此用but。
3.(2022全国乙卷)The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative”issued (发布)at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation ________cultural exchanges.
【解析】and 考查并列连词 international cooperation和cultural exchanges并列,一起作promote的宾语。
4.(2023新高考II卷)It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop _______ to see the pandas settle into their new home.
【解析】and 考查并列连词 to watch...和to see...之间并列关系。
5.(2021浙江6月卷)Although Mary loved flowers,__________ she nor her husband was known as a gardener.
【解析】neither neither...nor...既不...也不...。
(二)介词
若设空处后是名词、代词、动名词或名词性从句,且它们不作主语或动词宾语时,很可能就是填介词。若设空处前是动词且设空处后为名词或动名词,设空处也可能填介词。
根据句式或搭配填介词:
(1)与动词搭配,如: remind sb of sth“提醒某人某事”;rob sb of sth“抢劫某人某物”。
(2)与名词或代词搭配,如:by accident“偶然”;by oneself “靠自己”。
(3)与形容词搭配,如:be curious about“对……感到好奇”;be proud of “因……而自豪”。
(4)其他搭配,如:not ...until ...“直到……才……”;from ...to ...“从……到……”;between ...and ... “在……和……之间”。
【提示】
词或动词-ing形式在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时,其前一定填介词。介词可位于名词之前,如at night、on Sunday等;也可位于形容词之后,如be interested in、be good at等;还可位于不及物动词之后,如listen to、arrive at、look for等。
真题赏析
1.(2023新高考I卷)There you will find them prepared differently- more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed _______ hand rather than rolled.
【解析】by考查介词。句意:在那里,你会发现它们的制作方式不同——更多汤包,更少的汤,包子皮是用手压的,而不是擀出来的。by hand“用手”是固定搭配。
2.(2021年1月八省联考)Though the full stop has taken on a different meaning to the younger generation, specialists noted that it is important to take language environment ______ account.
【解析】into考查固定短语。句意:虽然句号对年轻一代来说有不同的含义,但专家指出,语言环境也是很重要的。take sth. into account为固定短语,意为“考虑到某事”。
3.(2023全国甲卷)She warns of the environmental dangers facing society,and she teaches that people must take responsibility _________saving their environment.
【解析】for 考查固定搭配 take responsibility for对...负责。
4.(2022全国甲卷)Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route.He flew 4700 kilometers __________Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, planning to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
【解析】from 考查固定搭配 from...to... 从...到...
5.(2023新高考II卷)And who do they speak English ________
【解析】to/with 考查固定搭配 speak to/with sb.与某人交谈
(三)代词(部分代词有提示词)
分析句子结构。当句子缺少主语、定语、宾语或表语时,一般填代词;确定填代词之后,再看一下所填代词是否与上文提到的人或物有指代关系。
①作主语:人称代词主格(I、we、you等)。
②作宾语/表语:人称代词宾格(me、us、you等)、名词性物主代词(mine、ours、yours等)。
③作定语:形容词性物主代词(my、our、your等)。
④如果宾语与主语是指同一人或物,用反身代词(myself、yourself、itself等)。
⑤填it的情况:作形式主语或形式宾语;指代前面提到的同一个事物或情况。
⑥that、those、one作替代词,用来代替已提到的名词,以避免重复。
【提示】
1.通过句式结构和“指代”内容判断是否用it
(1)如果指代上文提到的同一个事物,则用it;
(2)如果指代天气、时间、距离或环境情况,则用it;
(3)如果作形式主语或形式宾语,则用it;
(4)某些及物动词或短语后不能直接跟从句,此时需先用it作形式宾语,然后接从句,有此用法的动词(短语)有like、dislike、hate、appreciate、depend on、rely on、count on、see to等。
2.理清范围,看清句式,确定不定代词
(1)两者:二者选其一用either; 二者都不选用neither; 二者都选用both;
(2)三者或三者以上:三者或三者以上的任何一个用any; 三者或三者以上都不选用none; 三者或三者以上都选用all;
(3)其他:若表示“(三者或三者以上中的)另外一个”用another;若表示“(两者中的)另一个”用the other;若表示“其余的,另外的”,在名词前用other; 若不跟名词且指代复数, 用others。
3.通过分析指代意义确定替代词
(1)若指代前面出现过的不可数名词或单数可数名词则用that,若指代复数形式用those;
(2)若指代前面出现过的某类事物中的“一个”则用one,若指代复数形式用ones。
真题赏析
1.(2022全国乙卷)The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled(揭幕)at the ceremony, opening _______(it) first exhibition:The Avenue of Truth----A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.
【解析】its 考查代词 此处用形容词性物主代词作定语。
2.(2023汕头一模)When _______ comes to saving energy, big changes start with small steps, like turning off the lights.
【解析】it 考查固定搭配 when it comes to 当提及..的时候。
3.(2023武汉部分学校联考) The quality of education in this small school is better than______in some larger schools.
【解析】that 考查代词 此处的that指代the quality。
4.(2023福州期末)When I studied English literature at university, I thought ______best to build my own library.
【解析】it 考查代词 此处it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是to build my own library。
5.(2023衡水中学二调)Employing 3D laser scanning technology, the researchers digitally record the shapes, colors and other fine details of the grottoes and later reproduce _______ by using 3D printing technology.
【解析】them 考查代词 此处them指代前面提到的grottoes。
(四)冠词
弄清句子结构。设空处后为名词,设空处为名词的定语。如果又无提示词,设空处可能需要填冠词a、an、the。不定冠词a、an通常放在可数名词单数前表泛指,定冠词the通常用于特指。
1.用a/an还是the
(1)用定冠词的情况:①特指某人或某事;②用在序数词及最高级前;③用在世界上独一无二的事物及某些专有名词前;④用在西洋乐器名词前。
(2)用不定冠词的情况:①泛指一类人与物,表示概念“一”;②在序数词前,表示“又一,再一”。
2.根据固定搭配或用法确定冠词
(1)定冠词用在固定搭配中,如at the same time、on the contrary、to tell the truth、in the distance、make the most/best of、in the middle of、on the spot等。
(2)不定冠词用在固定搭配中,如catch a cold、have a fever、all of a sudden、as a matter of fact、as a result、have a gift for、make a living、have/take a rest、give sb a lift、have a good knowledge of等。
(3)动词(catch/take/hit等)+sb+介词+the+身体部位。
(4)抽象名词具体化
具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时,可以与不定冠词连用,常考到的有surprise、pleasure、comfort、danger、success、failure、beauty等。
【提示】
1.注意在句中的位置
在语法填空题中,空后是名词或者“形容词+名词”,且空前没有形容词性物主代词、不定代词等限定词时,很可能填冠词。
2.注意不定冠词a与an的区别
以辅音音素开头的单词前使用a,以元音音素开头的单词前使用an。但要注意以下两种情况:
(1)有些单词开头的辅音字母并不发音,该单词实际上是以元音音素开头的,要使用an, 如an hour、an honest man。
(2)有些单词以元音字母开头,但该单词实际上是以辅音音素开头,要使用a,如a university、a European country。
真题赏析
1.(2022年八省联考)From 2016 to 2020, about 57 ,500 students with special needs enrolled
at universities, __________more than 50 percent increase compared with the 2011- 2015 period.
【解析】 a 考查冠词。此处不定冠词a修饰more: than 50 percent increase,表示“大于50%的增长”。
2.(2022全国甲卷)Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation held in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute(致敬)to the ancient Silk Road._________ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
【解析】A 考查冠词 他的一个朋友,因此用a。
3.(2022全国乙卷)May 21st this year marks the first International Tea...To celebrate ________festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
【解析】the 考查冠词 此处表特指前面提到过的节日,因此用定冠词the。
4.(2022新高考II卷)________Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto.On the day of the accident, Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father.
【解析】The 考查冠词 在姓前加定冠词the表示一家人,特指。
5.(2023新高考II卷)Not the pandas, even though _______language used for the medical training instruction is actually English.
【解析】the 考查冠词 language后接定语修饰表特指。
巩固练习
有提示词变化(谓语动词、非谓语动词、词形转换)
考点一 谓语动词
考时态:时间状语;语境提示;并列句式;固定句式
考语态:找主谓之间的关系
考主谓一致:语法一致原则;就近原则;意义一致原则
真题演练
1.(2020新高考I卷)The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example,________(form)the core collection of the British Museum which opened in 1759.
2.(2020新高考I卷)The parts of a museum open to the public ________(call)galleries or rooms.
3.(2020新高考I卷)Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection ________(be)on display.
4.(2021新高考I卷)You can’t help wondering how hard it ________ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
5.(2022新高考I卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ________(be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
6.(2022新高考I卷)The GPNP ________ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”.
7.(2021年1月八省联考)In the third century BC, the full stop (句号)or period ________( introduce) by Greek literary critic Aristophanes of Byzantium.
8.(2021年1月八省联考)In his book, he says that the full stop has become an emotion marker that ________( remind) the receiver that the sender is angry or annoyed (annoy).
9.(2022年八省联考)The lion dance ________ (believe) to have first appeared in the Qianlong Emperor’s dream during his Southern tour, and he ordered an animal to be made (make) in the likeness of his description and used in festivals from then on.
10.(2022年八省联考)The other day, 1 saw a film about a left-behind teenager who insisted on pursuing his dreams despite difficulties and ________ (succeed) in lion dance.
考点二 非谓语动词
V-ing的用法:
1.V-ing作主语
2.作定语,表主动进行
3.作宾补,表进行
4.作状语,与逻辑主语构成主动关系
5.在介词后
6.情感类,作定语或表语,表“令人...的”
7.在跟v-ing形式作宾语的动词后(如avoid/suggest/imagine/mind等)
8.固定句式:it’s no use doing....;be busy doing....;have trouble in doing...;there is no point in doing..;spend...doing ..;with sb/sth doing;have sb/sth doing
真题演练
1.(2020新高考I卷)As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations(模拟)and imagine themselves (they) living at a different time in history or ________ (walk)through a rainforest.
2.(2021新高考I卷)Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ________ (ache) legs.
3.(2022新高考I卷)______ (cover)an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
4.(2023新高考I卷)No matter where I buy them, one steamer is 44 rarely (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left ________ (want) more next time.
5.(2023年八省联考) ________ (learn) to walk using just his hands for years, he now enjoys life as much as the teenagers around him.
V-ed的用法
1.作状语,与逻辑主语构成被动关系
2.作定语或宾补,表被动
3.情感类,作表语或定语,表“感到...的”
4.固定结构中,如:with sth done/have sth done
真题演练
1.(2021新高考I卷)But that’s how nature is — always leaving us ________(astonish).
2.(2023新高考I卷)Shanghai may be the ________ (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long hao’s birthplace.
3.(2021年1月八省联考)They feel the full stop once ________(use) in traditional texting is not essential at all because the message is now ended just by sending it.
4.(2022年八省联考)The lion head is made with paper over a bamboo frame,________ (cover) in gauze(纱布), and decorated with beautifully colored materials.
5.(2024年八省联考)Hope is a humble seed, when________(plant) in fertile ground, it transfigures(美化.....的外表) into new life bearing fruits of change.
to do的用法
1.作主语
2.作目的状语
3.作宾语,跟在接不定式的动词后,如:decide/expect/manage
4.作宾补,如:allow sb to do sth/recommend sb to do sth
5.作定语,如:ability to do sth/被序数词、形容词最高级或the only/the last/the next等修饰的名词
6.固定句型或结构中中,如:it takes sb to do sth;it’s adj. for sb to do sth;too...to
with sth to do;have sth to do
真题演练
1.(2022新高考I卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that 38 were (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ________(increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
2.(2023新高考I卷)To eat one, you have to decide whether ________ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
3.(2023新高考I卷)Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ________ (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their (they) contents.
4.(2021年1月八省联考)It is used ________(show) the end of a sentence.
5.(2022年八省联考)The lion dance is believed (believe) to have first appeared in the Qianlong Emperor's dream during his Southern tour, and he ordered an animal ________(make) in the likeness of his description and used in festivals from then on.
考点三 词形转换
提示词为动词
1.转换成名词
2.转换成形容词
真题演练
1.(2023新高考I卷)Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, ________ (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.
2.(2021年1月八省联考)In his book, he says that the full stop has become an emotion marker that reminds ( remind) the receiver that the sender is angry or ________ (annoy).
3.(2022年八省联考)I'm not Chinese, but I love Chinese New Year. There are many fun New Year ________(celebrate), but nothing quite matches the excitement of the lion dance which can wake up the spirit completely (complete).
4.(2023年八省联考)An anxious 18-year-old Peng Lanxi got his ________ ( admit) letter From Hunan University of Science and Technology on July 26, bringing his dream closer---making
prosthetic limbs( 假肢) more advanced and accessible (access) to people like him.
5.(2024年八省联考) This makes for an________ (extend) of growing seasons.
提示词为名词
1.变为复数
2.加所有格
3.词性变化
真题演练
1.(2020新高考I卷) In the 18th and 19th centuries, ________(wealth)people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art.
2.(2022新高考I卷)The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ________(population)and homes of giant pandas, and eventually (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
3.(2021年1月八省联考)David Crystal, one of the world's leading language ________( expert) , argues that the usage of full stops is being revised in a really fundamental way.
4.(2023年八省联考)An anxious 18-year-old Peng Lanxi got his ________ ( admit) letter From Hunan University of Science and Technology on July 26, bringing his dream closer---making
prosthetic limbs( 假肢) more advanced and accessible (access) to people like him.
5.(2024年八省联考) Jokingly referring (refer) to himself as a “mudskipper”, he is often spotted with rolled-up trouser legs knee-deep in the ________ (mud) fields.
提示词为形容词
1.变为副词或名词
2.变为比较级或最高级
3.加词缀变反义词
真题演练
1.(2020新高考I卷)Historical ________(accurate)is important but so is entertainment.
2.(2021新高考I卷) It will ________ (undoubted) help you get refreshed!
3.(2021新高考I卷)The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the ________(hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it
4.(2022新高考I卷)The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations (population)and homes of giant pandas, and________ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
5.(2023新高考I卷)No matter where I buy them, one steamer is ________(rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left wanting (want) more next time.
6.(2021年1月八省联考)For example, using full stops in an email is ________ ( perfect) acceptable and is not considered rude.
7.(2022年八省联考)I'm not Chinese, but I love Chinese New Year. There are many fun New Year celebrations (celebrate), but nothing quite matches the excitement of the lion dance which can wake up the spirit ________ (complete).
8.(2022年八省联考)But it is actually very difficult as the lion head is very heavy and being the ________ (low) part of the lion is tiring as he has to bend his back and also carry the person in front sometimes.
9.(2023年八省联考)Peng lost his legs in a car accident in 2005, leaving him ________ ( whole) unable to move around.
10.(2024年八省联考)________ (unique) blessed with nature's gifts and a wealth of the' country's resources, it serves as the dedicated ground where skilled agricultural experts contribute to feeding our nation and addressing global hunger.
提示词为代词
1.变为宾格
2.变为形容词性物主代词或名词性物主代词
3.变为反身代词
真题演练
1.(2020新高考I卷)As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations(模拟)and imagine ________(they) living at a different time in history or walking (walk)through a rainforest.
2.(2021新高考I卷)It sure does in ________ (I).
3.(2023新高考I卷)Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them to be lifted (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of ________ (they) contents.
4.(2023南京高三调研)Always keep________in mind that a measure of hope will take you through the unpleasant situation.
5.(2023南宁第一次适应性测试)Shi Yan, chief of the Liaoning University of TCM, says he supports international students to participate in such activities, which will help ________ combine knowledge together with culture.
无提示词(连词,介词,冠词)
考点四 连词
1.定语从句
2.状语从句
3.名词性从句
4.并列连词
真题演练
1.(2020新高考I卷)The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed(form)the core collection of the British Museum ________ opened in 1759.
2.(2021新高考I卷)Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure ________ offers a place where you can sit down to rest your aching (ache) legs.
3.(2022新高考I卷)The GPNP is designed (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, ________ leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”.
4.(2023新高考I卷)To eat one, you have to decide whether to bite (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), ________ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
5.(2021年1月八省联考) However, the full stop has a different meaning to teenagers and those in their early 20s, ________interpret it as sign of anger. And there is a reason for that.
6.(2022年八省联考)The sound of the drums, ________ you can feel throughout your entire body, is quite inspiring. The two performers are very flexible.
7.(2023年八省联考)Someone says that life is like a mirror, and we get the best results ________
we smile at it.
8.(2023年八省联考)Lu Ming, director of the university's School of Information and Electrical
Engineering, says that the school will help Peng to pursue his dream----to be a prosthetics engineer, a career________will in time change lives.
9.(2024年八省联考) Uniquely (unique) blessed with nature's gifts and a wealth of the' country's resources, it serves as the dedicated ground ________skilled agricultural experts contribute to feeding our nation and addressing global hunger.
10.(2024年八省联考)Occasionally, it may either not grow as expected________ remain inactive. Nevertheless, hope and opportunity persist.
考点五 介词
1.固定搭配
2.句意
真题演练
1.(2020新高考I卷)Museums must compete ________ people’s spare time and money with other amusements.
2.(2022新高考I卷)Giant pandas also serve ________ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.
3.(2022年八省联考)Heaven has made us talents; we’re not made ________vain.
4.(2023年八省联考)His story, which has been viewed (view) more than 19 million
times up till now, has gone viral (在网上快速传的) on social media platform Sina Weibo and
he wins admiration from its users ________his courage, determination and hard work.
5.(2024年八省联考)Shortening the breeding cycle ________ half or more, Nanfan accelerates the breeding process.
考点六 冠词
1.不定冠词(an用于元音因素开头前;固定搭配)
2.定冠the(用于特指;固定搭配)
真题演练
1.(2021新高考I卷)While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is ________ must to visit!
2.(2022新高考I卷) Covering (cover)an area about three times ________ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
3.(2023新高考I卷)The meat should be fresh with ________ touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious.
4.(2021年1月八省联考) When sending messages ,they tend to break up their thoughts by sending each one as ________ separate message, instead of using a full stop.
5.(2022年八省联考)But it is actually very difficult as the lion head is very heavy and being the lower (low) part of the lion is tiring as he has to bend his back and also carry________ person in front sometimes.
模拟冲刺
(2024年1月九省联考)Whenever you have to write a paper, a letter, or any other document for work or school, you probably head toward the computer. Now, most people reach for ___36___ (keyboard) faster than they pick up pens. In a Scottish primary school, however, Mr. Norman Lewis is taking a different approach. He feels that neat handwriting ___37___ (be) still an important skill, so he has his students write not only by hand but also 38 old fashioned fountain pens.
Fountain pens ___39___ (use) in schools long ago and have been regaining popularity lately because they are refillable. Today, a writer ___40___ (simple) throws an empty pen away and gets ___41___ new one.
So far, Mr. Lewis is pleased with the results of his experiment. He reports that his students are taking more care with their work, and their self-confidence has improved as well. He is happy with the ___42___ (improve) he sees in his students’ writing ___43___ in his own writing. He knows that computers are here ___44___ (stay) and that they will not disappear. However, he believes that the practice with fountain pens helps students to focus, to write faster, and they can feel proud of 45 (they).