2024届高考英语二轮复习专题之完形填空讲解 学案（含解析）
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| 名称 | 2024届高考英语二轮复习专题之完形填空讲解 学案（含解析） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2024-04-03 13:23:05 | ||
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完形填空专题
2020-2023年新高考全国I卷命题方向
年份 体裁 主题语境 话题 词数 考点分布
名词 动词 （短语） 形容词 副词 介词 （短语） 连词
2023 记叙文 人与社会 善举赢得 独特胜利 226 6 7 2 0 0 0
2022 记叙文 人与自然 难忘的 野营经历 233 5 5 3 1 1 0
2021 记叙文 人与自我 在烘焙厂 做临时工 218 4 9 2 0 0 0
2020 记叙文 人与自然 男孩坚持种树三十余年 229 7 5 2 1 0 0
2020-2023年新高考全国I卷命题特点
（1）文章选材以记叙文为主，语言地道，贴合生活实际；坚持“正能量”的持续传递，倡导“真善美”价值观。
（2）设题以名词、动词为主，形容词、副词、介词为辅。着重考查学生在具体语境中的词汇运用能力、上下文联系能力及逻辑分析能力。
（3）首句不设空。设空方式有前置性设空、后置性设空及语篇性设空。
（4）同一小题的四个选项必须是同一词类，且为同一语法形式。
三、完型填空解题步骤
（1）关注首尾，通读全文，掌握大意
（2）瞻前顾后，先易后难，各个击破
（3）复读全文，逐个核对，验证答案
四、完形填空常用解题策略：
（1）利用首尾句预测语篇主旨
完型填空的首句通常不设空，它提供的信息对全文的理解定位有很好的启示作用。而尾句又往往是对文章主题的总结。所以，它们是了解文章大意的一个窗口，细读首尾句对我们理解全文有着重要的启示作用。
【真题赏析】
（2021新高考I卷）My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school, when, for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory.
…
This was the sort of work that made you 55 （appreciate）the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me.
【解析】从文章首尾句可以推测，本篇是一篇记叙文，讲述的应该是作者中学时在烘焙工厂打零工的经历以及这次经历带给作者的感悟和收获。
（2022新高考I卷）My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.
…
Now, every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage, we are filled with a sense of 34 (excitement), wondering what camping fun and 35 (adventure) we will experience next.
【解析】从文章首尾句可以推测，本篇讲述的应该是一家人在外野营的经历及感受。
（2）根据上下文语境意义解题
完形填空中每一道题的答案，在文中必有依据。因此，解答完形填空最基本的方法就是根据空格前后所提供的信息，进行适度的推理，做出符合逻辑的判断。同时，学生在做题时要有全局观念，进行连贯性思维，做题时必须从上下文的语境出发，并结合文章的主旨，确定空白处的意思，选出合乎语境的答案。
【真题赏析】（2020新高考全国卷I）Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some wetlands which became his second 21 (home). He learned the value and beauty of 22 there from a very young age.
22. A. nature B. youth C. culture D. knowledge
【解析】第22题出现在文章第一小节，是一道典型的文首总起的题目。此空是对下文的概括，因此答案来自下文。根据下文可知：一个叫Molai的印度男孩从16岁开始，就致力于关注自然、保护自然。故选A。
（2022年新高考全国I卷）Now, every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage, we are filled with a sense of 34 , wondering what camping fun and 35 we will experience next.
34. A. relief B. duty C. pride D. excitement
35. A. failure B. adventure C. performance D. conflict
【解析】第34题和第35题出现在文章的结尾部分，是一道典型的对上文进行总结概括的题目。由于上文讲的是过去作者和她的丈夫带着孩子们露营的一些经历。从上文的描述可知，他们的露营经历时有意外发生，却是有惊无险。而且从作者的笔触中可以感受到这些小意外反而是一种美好的记忆。故第34题选D，第35题选B。这句话的意思是：现在每年当我的丈夫把帐篷从车库里拿出来的时候，我们内心都充满了兴奋之情，想着我们下次露营时会经历什么样好玩的历险经历呢？这样就对上文做了一个合理恰当的总结。
（3）根据语篇标志及逻辑关系解题：
语篇一般指比句子长的语言单位，如句群、段落、篇章等。语篇与语篇之间往往有表明其内在联系的词语，这些词语被称为“语篇标志”。逻辑是作者的行文方式，主要包括并列、转折、条件、因果、递进、让步等。它们之间有的通过连接词来表达，关系非常明显;有的隐含在句与句之中，关系比较隐晦。做题时，应该根据前后信息进行思考，拨开迷雾，通过识别语篇标志、准确理解上下文间的逻辑关系准确答题。
【真题赏析】（2020新高考I卷）A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the 24 (damage) it caused had driven away a number of birds. 25 , the number of snakes had declined as well.
25. A. Besides B. However C. Therefore D. Otherwise
【解析】第25题考查副词及逻辑分析。上文说，该地区那年早些时候遭遇了洪水，使得很多鸟飞走了，下文说蛇的数量也减少了。“as well（也）”是一个重要提示，所以此处逻辑关系应该是递进，而不是因果或转折。故选择A。
（2022新课标I卷）I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot. That lasted about ten minutes. He was 24 (uncomfortable), and his crying let the whole campground know it. So 25 tying him up, I just kept a close eye on him. It 26 (worked) — he didn’t end up in the creek. My three-year-old, however, did.
25. A. due to B. instead of C. apart from D. as for
【解析】根据上文“He was uncomfortable, and his crying let the whole campground know it.”以及下文“I just kept a close eye on him”可推知，此处指孩子身上被绑绳子后感觉不舒服，所以作者放弃在他身上绑绳子，而只是密切关注着他。A. due to由于；B. instead of代替、而不是；C. apart from除了；D. as for至于。故选B。
（2022新课标I卷）Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake. The sky was clear when we __27_, but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly __28_ (interrupted) our peaceful morning trip.
27. A. signed up B. calmed down C. checked out D. headed off
【解析】根据上文“The sky was clear”以及下文的转折“but storms move in fast in the mountains”可推知，此处指天气突然变化，出发时还天气晴朗。A. signed up注册、报名；B. calmed down冷静下来；C. checked out退房、结账离开；D. headed off启程、出发。故第27题应选D。
（4）根据词汇、信息复现解题：
完形填空试题中，某一词常常以原词、代词、同义词、近义词以及其它形式重复出现在语篇之中。词汇复现的语用意义使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯，从而构成一个完整的意义整体。因此，做题时要联系上下文，寻求信息以确定答案。
【真题赏析】（2020新课标I卷）Molai built at the 33 of each sapling（幼树）a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to 34 (collect) rainwater. The water would then drip（滴落）on the plants below.
33. A. back B. top C. foot D. side
【解析】从下文The water would then drip（滴落）on the plants below. 中的“drip”和“below”可知第33题应是at the top of…答案为B。
（2022新课标I卷）My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.
Some of our ___21___(memories) are funny, especially from the early years when our children were little. Once, we ___22___ along Chalk Creek.
22. A. camped B. drove C. walked D. cycled
【解析】第22题为典型的词汇复现题。从上文My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.得知，下文讲述的应该是一次野营的经历。故答案为A。
（2023新课标I卷）On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have 21 (finished) the course earlier than she did. Her 22 came because she was carrying a 23 (competitor) across the finish line.
22. A. delay B. chance C. trouble D. excuse
【解析】根据上文“Melanie Bailey should have finished the course earlier than she did”可知，Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛，她的延迟是因为她背着一名竞争对手冲过终点线。上文的earlier是一个重要提示，说明没能早点到达，那应该是因故耽搁了。A. delay延误；B. chance机会；C. trouble麻烦；D. excuse借口。故选A。
（5）根据生活常识及文化背景知识解题
完型填空的语篇中往往渗透着相关的如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。考生在做题时，若能积极地调动自己的文化背景知识和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省时间，提高准确率。
【体验真题】（2020新高考全国I卷）He 26 (realized) that it was because there weren’t enough trees to protect them from the 27 (heat). The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek 28 (shelter) during the daytime. He turned to the 29 department for help but was told that nothing would grow there.
29. A. labor B. police C. forest D. finance
【解析】根据常识，植树造林的问题应该归属林业部门负责，故答案为C。
（2021新高考I卷）My best friend Betsy’s father was a manager at Hough Bakeries, which, at Easter time, 41 (made) little bunny (兔子) cakes for all its 42 throughout Cleveland. It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for 43 (temporary) help during our spring break, for which I had no 44 (plans) beyond listening to my favorite records.
…
This was 50 (harder) than it sounds. 51 a bit and the cakes pile up.
42. A. stores B. families C. schools D. citizens
51. A. Calm down B. Slow down C. Stay on D. Move on
【解析】第42题，根据文章的意思及生活常识，“我”朋友父亲的工厂会把生产的蛋糕送到Cleveland的所有商店去出售。故答案为A。
第51题，根据下文的“the cakes pile up”表示“蛋糕就会堆起来”，根据常识推断，这是速度慢下来导致的，故选B，意思是“慢下来”。而calm down平静下来；stay on继续；坚持；move on继续前进，均不符合文章的意思。
（2023新高考I卷）Bailey then 27 (bent down) to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get 28 attention.
28. A. medical B. public C. constant D. equal
【解析】根据常识，比赛时有人员受伤时应该是寻求医疗救助。medical attention意为“医疗救助”。故选A。
五、巩固练习
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A（2021年八省联考卷）
Byrd is in her eighth year of teaching at Wilder Elementary in Mansfield. She has taught fifth grader Fisher Croney every year since he was in kindergarten. Fisher 1 in the class by helping in Byrd's classroom whenever he has free time after class.
Byrd also 2 Fisher's mother, Shannon Croney, as an acquaintance. They would occasionally chat at their boys' baseball games. She had heard that Croney was having some 3 problems. In January 2019 Croney received a routine blood test and found her kidneys （肾）were not 4 normally. After going through a string of tests, doctors could not figure what caused her kidneys to 5 . But Byrd didn't know what the 6 was until she saw a Facebook post from Fisher around Christmas of 2019. It was 7 to help his mother find a kidney. Byrd did not 8 to help. In March, Byrd, learned that she and Croney were a close 9 Even doctors were 10 that they were not related in blood.
Byrd was in the hospital for 11 in June. She was never 12 about the transplant（移植）. Actually, she felt honored that her donation enabled another person to live a totally 13 life.
Today, both women are doing well. They are turning their 14 to another member of their community, who is also sick and 15 a kidney transplant.
1. A. gives out B. stands out C. looks about D. sits about
2. A. learned B. met C. taught D. knew
3. A. family B. behavior C. communication D. health
4. A. functioning B. growing C. forming D. beating
5. A. miss B. ache C. fail D. improve
6. A. schedule B. issue C. offer D. opportunity
7. A. intended B. allowed C. persuaded D. urged
8. A. respond B. hesitate C. confirm D. attend
9. A. encounter B. relative C. neighbor D. match
10. A. excited B. embarrassed C. surprised D. relieved
11. A. surgery B. practice C. recovery D. training
12. A. curious B. nervous C. certain D. frank
13. A. normal B. casual C. strange D. dependent
14. A. back B. faith C. attention D. respect
15. A. in favor of B. in memory of C. in recognition of D. in need of
B（2022届高三第二次T8联考）
My family moved into our home nine years ago. We live on a corner, and the entire side of the yard is enclosed by a 1 built rock wall. The front of the house though is another 2 because instead of a wall along the sidewalk, the rocks appear to be just 3 up onto the dirt.
We did the best we could and called this area our ‘rock garden'. Whenever we had leftover flowers or plants, I would 4 them out front, just to bring some 5 to the area.
Last summer I reached the end of the rock garden and found a tiny little plant that I could not immediately 6 , we didn't plant it. We decided to let it 7 growing until we could 8 what it was.
Weeks passed and as I made my way back to the 9 plant, it appeared to be a sunflower. It was skinny. I decided to 10 it along and weed around it. As I pulled rocks to get to the weeds, I noticed something 11 . The sunflower had not started where I saw it 12 . It actually had begun under a big rock and grown under and around it to 13 the sun.
That's when I realized that we should stand tall like the sunflower and the environment will begin to 14 us. We will find a way to go under or around our big 15 in order to reach our desires.
1. A. professionally B. randomly C. simply D. terribly
2. A. wall B. story C. side D. yard
3. A. built B. used C. thrown D. made
4. A. select B. cut C. stick D. pick
5. A. dirt B. color C. flowers D. plants
6. A. clarify B. identify C. account D. observe
7. A. continue B. avoid C. escape D. start
8. A. take down B. come across C. refer to D. figure out
9. A. charming B. wonderful C. ugly D. mysterious
10. A. dream B. wait C. baby D. explore
11. A. unusual B. important C. common D. disturbing
12. A. begin B. stop C. shoot D. expand
13. A. shade B. stand C. steal D. reach
14. A. shelter B. choose C. warn D. support
15. A. failures B. advantages C. problems D. situations
C（2024届高三第一次学业质量评价T8联考）
Jen is a 39-year old community dancer with Down's Syndrome(唐氏综合征). She is the founder of Dance Syndrome, a non profit organization that brings together 1 dancers and make them feel equal to everyone.
Dancing has always been in her veins. As a young girl, Jen seized every opportunity to dance with full 2 both in the morning and during her 10 minutes of 3 before bedtime. The dynamic workout would keep her 4 all day long.
Life hasn't been straightforward for Jen. She was 5 by a number of dance clubs in primary school and encountered numerous 6 while pursuing her passion for dance. Despite these challenges, her ambition to share her love for dance and 7 disabled individuals in the art grew stronger.
After leaving school at 18, Jen spent over 10 years searching 8 for opportunities to be trained as a dance leader. Eventually, she had to give up and decided to try her own way, not knowing where it might lead!
Despite the 9 , Dance Syndrome was established in 2009. Jen and her fellow disabled dance leaders took 10 of the charitable organization, working alongside non-disabled dance artists who helped them work more professionally.
Over the decade, Dance Syndrome has 11 thousands of disabled dancers, cultivating an environment where every person is recognized as equal, 12 and accepted for who they are. The year 2019 witnessed Jen 13 for the third time as a member of Shaw Trust's Disability Power 100. She is a living proof that 14 can come from unexpected places and that disabled individuals can 15 society in extraordinary ways.
1. A. confusing B. disabled C. talented D. clumsy
2. A. energy B. fear C. speed D. courage
3. A. concentration B. imagination C. relaxation D. celebration
4. A. exhausted B. astonished C. motivated D. refreshed
5. A. held back B. left alone C. looked after D. turned down
6. A. consequences B. barriers C. friends D. experiences
7. A. discover B. employ C. engage D. entertain
8. A. in particular B. in return C. in vain D. in advance
9. A. frustration B. progress C. curiosity D. uncertainty
10. A. possession B. charge C. advantage D. control
11. A. supported B. praised C. paid D. added
12. A. valued B. envied C. united D. rewarded
13. A. regarded B. listed C. interviewed D. expected
14. A. inspiration B. friendship C. teamwork D. leadership
15. A. contribute to B. adapt to C. belong to D. live up to
D（2024届九省联考试卷）
I was halfway across Indiana headed home to Kentucky when my car broke down. My phone was 1 , too. I managed to get to a gas station, but it was Sunday in the early fall, and there was no 2 on duty. I was working my way through university then and had little money for 3 the car.
I sat alongside my car for several hours trying to 4 the heat when an older gentleman 5 to fuel his car. He asked about my car, and I 6 my predicament (困境). To my 7 , the gentleman told me that he had a daughter my age, and then he opened his trunk and 8 a tool set.
Right then and there, this total 9 examined my engine, explaining as he worked that my spark plugs (火花塞) hadn’t been charged for so long that they were 10 to function. After about an hour, he 11 that my car was safe to finish the trip.
12 came at the hands of a stranger. 13 his clothes, working on a hot September afternoon, this man 14 a college student from disaster, just because she could have been his 15 .
1. A. busy B. loud C. dead D. secure
2. A. mechanic B. policeman C. manager D. guide
3. A. washing B. parking C. purchasing D. maintaining
4. A. feel B. beat C. absorb D. produce
5. A promised B. refused C. stopped D. volunteered
6. A. solved B. noticed C. escaped D. explained
7. A. surprise B. regret C. amusement D. disappointment
8. A. called up B. pulled out C. put down D. threw away
9. A. liar B. beginner C. stranger D. loser
10. A. free B. ready C. uncertain D. unable
11. A. pronounced B. agreed C. discovered D. doubted
12. A. Tiredness B. Kindness C. Loneliness D. Carefulness
13. A. Folding B. Drying C. Soiling D. Mending
14. A. saved B. called C. judged D. banned
15. A. friend B. daughter C. coworker D. customer
答案及解析：
A
1-5 BDDAC 6-10 BABDC 11-15 ABACD
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了一个名叫Byrd的老师热心救助病人，捐献肾脏，使病人过上正常生活的故事。
1. B。可根据上下文语境意义解。根据下文“by helping in Byrd's classroom whenever he has free time after class”可知，Fisher只要有时间就会帮助Byrd做教室里的事情，由此推断出Fisher在全班同学中很突出。
2. D。可根据词汇、信息复现解题。know sb表示“认识某人”，与本句中的“acquaintance”吻合。
3. D。可根据上下文语境意义解题。根据下文可知Fisher的妈妈患有肾病，所以面临着健康问题。
4. A。可根据生活常识解题。根据常识可知，肾脏有疾病，也就说肾脏不能正常工作了。function表示“起作用”。
5. C。 可根据上下文语境意义解题。上文说到Fisher的妈妈患有肾病，所以这里就说到“经过一系列的检查，医生还是无法弄清楚是什么造成肾脏衰竭的”。fail表示“衰竭，失败”。
6. B。根据词汇、信息复现解题。上文讲到“… Croney was having some ___3___ (health) problems.” 在这里issue和problem同意，表示“问题”。
7. A。根据上下文语境意义解题。这句话中it指代上一句的a Facebook post。be intended to do sth表示“被打算用来做某事”。这句话的意思是“它（这则帖子）是为了帮助他的妈妈找到肾脏配型的。”
8. B。根据上下文语境意义解题。根据下文可知，Byrd帮助了Fisher的妈妈，所以这句话选择hesitate, 意思是“Byrd毫不犹豫地施以援手”。
9. D。根据逻辑关系解题。见下一题。
10. C。根据逻辑关系解题。这句话与上一句暗藏着递进关系。意思是“三月份，Byrd了解到她的肾脏和Croney的十分匹配。甚至医生都吃惊于她们竟然没有血缘关系。”
11. A。根据生活常识解题。根据常识可知，肾脏移植需要手术。
12. B。根据逻辑关系解题。这句话与下一句之间用actually暗示了并列关系，意思是“她对移植手术并不紧张。事实上，她因为能够通过她的捐赠帮助另外一个人过上正常的生活而感到荣幸。”
13. A。根据词汇、信息复现解题。是上文“… found her kidneys were not ___4___ normally.” 中的normally的复现。
14. C。根据上下文语境意义解题。turn one’s attention to sb/sth表示“将注意力转向某人或者某事”。这句话的意思是“她们正在关注社区里的另一个需要肾脏移植的病人。”
15. D。根据上下文语境意义解题。这是对上文的回应。
B
1-5 ABCCB 6-10 BADDC 11-15 AADDC
【解析】本文讲述了作者无意中发觉一株向日葵在石头缝隙中生长的故事。
1. A。可根据逻辑关系解题。根据 “We live on a corner, and the entire side of the yard is enclosed by a 1 built rock wall. The front of the house though is another 2 because instead of a wall along the sidewalk, the rocks appear to be just 3 up onto the dirt.”中的“though”可知，这两句之间是转折的关系，意思是 “我们住在一个拐角处，院子的一面被包围在一堵修葺得很专业的石头墙里。但是房子的前面却是完全不一样的，因为那里不是一面沿街的墙，而是一面看似扔在泥土上的一堆石头。professionally与下文的be thrown up onto the dirt正好形成了对比。
2. B。 another story表示“情况不同”。
3. C。可根据上下文语境意义解题。略。
4. C。可根据上下文语义及生活常识解题。根据上下文及生活常识可知“我们尽力把这个地方变成我们的石头花园。无论什么时候我们有剩下来的花花草草，我都会把它们插在墙上。”
5. B。根据生活常识解题。根据常识可知，鲜花总是能够带来色彩的。
6. B。根据上下文语境意义解题。根据下文可知，我们不认识这株植物，直到它长大开花我们才知道那是向日葵。
7. A。根据上下文语境意义解题。这句话的意思是“我们决定让它继续生长，直到我们能够识别出它是什么为止”。
8. D。根据上下文语境意义解题。详析见上一题。
9. D。根据词汇、信息复现解题。上文说我们不认识这株植物，所以在我们眼里它是神秘的。
10. C。根据逻辑关系解题。这句话与上文“It was skinny.”之间暗藏着因果关系。因为这株植物长得很瘦小，所以我决定要好好地呵护它。
11. A。根据上下文语境意义解题。根据下文可知，这向日葵并不是从我看见它开始生长的地方开始生长的，所以这是我注意到的“不同寻常的事”。
12. A。根据上下文语境意义解题。这与文章第三小节呼应：“我在石头花园的一头发现了一棵小小的植物”。所以我以为它就是从那里开始生长的。
13. D。根据生活常识解题。根据常识可知，向日葵向着太阳生长。
14. D。结合文章主旨解题。这篇文章的主旨就是“我们应该像向日葵那样，积极向上，努力争取有利于自己生长的环境”。
15. C。根据上下文语境意义解题。这里的problems隐射了上文讲述的向日葵在生长过程中遇到的石头的阻碍，揭示了文章的主旨：我们要克服困难，不畏艰险，积极向上。
C
1-5 BACDD 6-10 BCCDB 11-15 AABDA
【解析】本篇是记叙文。主要讲述了患有唐氏综合征的Jen组建了社区非营利性组织Dance Syndrome的故事。
1.B.本题考查形容词词义辨析，可根据上下文语境意义解题。根据上文可知，Jen是一个唐氏综合征患者，她组建了非营利性组织Dance Syndrome, 是为了把像她一样的残疾舞者聚到一起，让他们感觉和正常人一样是平等的。作者的车坏了，手机也因为没电而关机了。A. confusing令人困惑的；B. disabled残疾的；C. talented有天赋的；D. clumsy笨拙的。故选B。
2. A. 本题考查名词词义辨析，根据上下文语境意义解题。根据上文“Dancing has always been in her veins”以及下文The dynamic workout…可知此处答案应为A。 with full energy意为“充满能量”。
3. C. 本题考查名词词义辨析。可根据生活常识解题。根据空后“before bedtime”可知，睡觉前应该是放松时间，故选择 relaxation。答案为C。 A. concentration; 专注 B. imagination想像; D. celebration庆祝。
4. D. 本题考查形容词词词义辨析，可根据词汇复现解题。根据上文“the dynamic workout”可知，这种有活力的锻炼会让她整天都精神抖擞。A. exhausted 筋疲力尽的 ； B. astonished 惊讶的 ； C. motivated 有动力的； D. refreshed精神抖擞的，故选D。
5. D. 本题考查动词短语辨析，可根据上文语境意义解题。根据上文“life hasn’t been straightforward for Jen”及下文“despite these challenges”可知，生活对Jen不是一直一帆风顺的，她遇到过很多挑战。所以推断出在小学她被许多舞蹈俱乐部拒绝过。A. held back 阻止； B. left alone被单独留下 ； C. looked after照顾 ；D. turned down拒绝，故选D。
6. B. 本题考查名词词义辨析。可根据下文语义解题。根据下文“Despite these challenges”可知，Jen应该是遇到了很多的障碍。A. consequences 后果； B. barriers 障碍 ； C. friends 朋友 ； D. experiences经历，故选B。
7. C. 本题考查动词词义辨析。可根据上下文语境意义解题。根据上文“She is the founder of Dance Syndrome, a non profit organization that brings together 1 dancers and make them feel equal to everyone.”可知Jen是想让残疾人参与到舞蹈艺术中来。故选C。engage sb in sth是“使某人参与…”的意思。
8. C. 本题考查短语辨析。可根据上下文语境意义解题。根据下文“Eventually, she had to give up…”可知，Jen花了10多年的时间也没有寻找到当舞蹈领队的机会。A. in particular 尤其，特别 ； B. in return 作为回报 ； C. in vain 徒劳； D. in advance提前，故选C。
9. D. 本题考查名词词义辨析。可根据逻辑关系解题。根据上文“despite”可知，文章上下文为转折关系。所以说尽管她自己不确定是否能成功，还是建立了Dance Syndrome组织。A. frustration 挫折 ； B. progress 进展； C. curiosity 好奇 ； D. uncertainty不确定性，故选D。
10. B. 本题考查名词词义辨析。可根据词汇复现解题。根据上文“Jen and her fellow disabled dance leaders… ”可知，Jen和她的残疾舞蹈者领导一起负责这个慈善组织，take charge of 意为“负责，掌管”故选B。
11. A. 本题考查动词词义辨析。可根据上下文语境意义解题。根据下文“cultivating an environment where every person is recognized as equal, 12 and accepted for who they are.”可知，Jen支持了数千名残疾舞者，创造了一个让每个人都被平等对待被接受的环境。A. supported 支持； B. praised 表扬 ； C. paid 支付 ； D. added 添加，故选A。
12. A. 本题考查动词词义辨析，可根据上下文词汇复现解题。根据空前空后的recognized和accepted可知，在Dance Syndrome, 每个人都是平等的，他们应该是会被重视和接受。全A. valued 重视 ； B. envied 嫉妒； C. united 团结 ； D. rewarded回报。故选A。
13. B. 本题考查动词词义辨析。可根据下文语境意义解题。根据下文“…for the third time as a member of Shaw Trust’s Disability Power 100”可知，Jen应该是在Shaw Trust残疾力量100强的成员之列。be listed as…是“被列为”的意思。故选B。
14. D. 本题考查名词词义辨析。可根据上下文语境意义解题。根据上文“Jen and her fellow disabled dance leaders took 10 of the charitable organization, working alongside non-disabled dance artists who helped them work more professionally”可知，Jen是Dance Syndrome的管理者，应该是有领导力的。A. inspiration灵感； B. friendship 友谊； C. teamwork 团队合作； D. leadership领导力，故选A。
15. A. 本题考查动词短语辨析，可根据上下文语境意义解题。根据空后“…society in extraordinary ways”及全文语境可知，Jen是以非凡的方式为社会作贡献。 A. contribute to 为…做贡献； B. adapt to 适应； C. belong to 属于； D. live up to达到 …的标准。故选A。
D
1-5 CADBC 6-10 DABCD 11-15 ABCAB
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的车在半路坏了，正巧赶上周日，在加油站并没有找到修车的人。这时恰巧有一位年长的绅士来加油。了解到作者遇到的困难后，他主动帮助作者修了车。作者对此非常的感谢。
1.C. 本题考查形容词词义辨析，可根据逻辑关系解题。根据上文“I was halfway across Indiana headed home to Kentucky when my car broke down.”以及句中的too可知，作者的车坏了，手机也因为没电而关机了。A. busy忙的；B. loud大声的；C. dead（因无电力）不工作的；D. secure可靠的。故选C。
2. A. 本题考查名词词义辨析，根据生活常识解题。根据上文“but it was Sunday in the early fall”可知，作者的车坏了，所以她应该去找修车的。但是因为是周日，所以加油站的机修工都没上班。A. mechanic机修工；B. policeman警察；C. manager经理；D. guide指导。故选A。
3. D. 本题考查动词词义辨析。可根据上下文语境意义解题。根据空前“I was working my way through university then and had little money”可知，作者当时正在在读大学，没有什么钱，所以几乎是不保养车的。A. washing清洗；B. parking停车；C. purchasing购买；D. maintaining保养。故选D。
4. B. 本题考查动词词义辨析，可根据下文语义解题。根据下文“working on a hot September afternoon”可知，事情发生在一个炎热的夏天，作者坐在车边试图保持凉爽。beat the heat“消暑，在炎热的天气中保持凉爽”。故选B。
5. C. 本题考查动词词义辨析，可根据上文语义解题。根据上文“I managed to get to a gas station”可知，作者是在加油站，所以有一辆车停下来加油。A. promised答应了；B. refused拒绝；C. stopped停止；D. volunteered自愿的。故选C。
6. D. 本题考查动词词义辨析。可根据上文语义解题。根据上文“He asked about my car”可知，这位绅士询问作者的车出了什么问题，然后作者向他解释了他的困境。A. solved解决；B. noticed注意到；C. escaped逃脱；D. explained解释。故选D。
7. A. 本题考查名词词义辨析。可根据上下文语境意义解题。根据下文“the gentleman told me that he had a daughter my age, and then he opened his trunk and ___8___ a tool set”可知，这位年长的绅士听到作者的困难后，告诉作者他也有一个女儿，而且从车里拿出一套工具。这让作为陌生人的作者感到非常的惊讶。to one’s surprise是使某人惊讶的意思，故选A。
8. B. 本题考查动词短语辨析。根据空后“a tool set”以及下文“Right then and there, this total ___9___ examined my engine, explaining as he worked that my spark plugs (火花塞) hadn’t been changed for so long that they were ___10___ to function.”可知，这位绅士从他的车里拿出一套工具，帮作者修起了车。A. called up打电话给；B. pulled out取出；C. put down放下；D. threw away扔掉了。故选B。
9. C. 本题考查名词词义辨析。可根据上文语义及生活常识解题。根据上文“I sat alongside my car for several hours trying to ___4___ the heat when an older gentleman ___5___ to fuel his car”以及全文语境可知，这个绅士对于作者来说完全是个陌生人。A. liar骗子；B. beginner初学者；C. stranger陌生人；D. loser失败者。故选C。
10. D. 本题考查形容词词义辨析。可根据上文语境意义解题。根据上文“as he worked that my spark plugs (火花塞) hadn’t been changed for so long ”可知，由于车辆的火花塞已经很久没有更换了，所以导致它不能正常工作。be unable to do sth是不能做某事的意思，故选D。
11. A. 本题考查动词词义辨析。根据空后“that my car was safe to finish the trip”可知，经过一个小时的修理后，那个绅士宣布说车可以安全地完成旅程。A. pronounced此处意为宣布，如果不确定pronounce的意思，可用排除法解题。B. agreed同意；C. discovered发现；D. doubted怀疑。故选A。
12. B. 本题考查名词词义辨析，可根据上下文语境意义解题。根据全文语境可知，一位陌生人帮助了他，所以此处作者要表达的意思是：善良来自一个陌生人。A. Tiredness疲劳；B. Kindness善良；C. Loneliness孤独；D. Carefulness细心。故选B。
13. C. 本题考查动词词义辨析。可根据上文语境意义解题。根据上文“After about an hour, he ___11___ that my car was safe to finish the trip”可知，那位绅士给作者修了一个小时的车。此处指修车时弄脏了自己的衣服。C. Soiling有“弄脏”的意思。如不确定C项意思，也可采取排除法。A. Folding折叠；B. Drying干燥； D. Mending修补。故选C。
14. A. 本题考查动词短语搭配。可根据上下文语境意义解题。根据上文“Right then and there, this total ___9___ examined my engine, explaining as he worked that my spark plugs (火花塞) hadn’t been changed for so long that they were ___10___ to function.”可知，这个陌生人给作者修了车，所以作者觉得他就像是从灾难中是救了她。A. saved救了；B. called打电话；C. judged判断；D. banned禁止。故选A。
15. B. 本题考查名词词义辨析，可根据上下文语境意义解题。句意：在一个炎热的九月下午，这个男人弄脏了自己的衣服，从灾难中拯救了一个大学生，只因为她可能是他的女儿同龄。A. friend朋友。B. daughter女儿；C. coworker同事；D. customer顾客。根据上文“the gentleman told me that he had a daughter my age”可知，作者觉那位绅士帮助作者是因为他有一个和她同龄的女儿。此处指作者就像那位男士的女儿。故选B。
2020-2023年新高考全国I卷命题方向
年份 体裁 主题语境 话题 词数 考点分布
名词 动词 （短语） 形容词 副词 介词 （短语） 连词
2023 记叙文 人与社会 善举赢得 独特胜利 226 6 7 2 0 0 0
2022 记叙文 人与自然 难忘的 野营经历 233 5 5 3 1 1 0
2021 记叙文 人与自我 在烘焙厂 做临时工 218 4 9 2 0 0 0
2020 记叙文 人与自然 男孩坚持种树三十余年 229 7 5 2 1 0 0
2020-2023年新高考全国I卷命题特点
（1）文章选材以记叙文为主，语言地道，贴合生活实际；坚持“正能量”的持续传递，倡导“真善美”价值观。
（2）设题以名词、动词为主，形容词、副词、介词为辅。着重考查学生在具体语境中的词汇运用能力、上下文联系能力及逻辑分析能力。
（3）首句不设空。设空方式有前置性设空、后置性设空及语篇性设空。
（4）同一小题的四个选项必须是同一词类，且为同一语法形式。
三、完型填空解题步骤
（1）关注首尾，通读全文，掌握大意
（2）瞻前顾后，先易后难，各个击破
（3）复读全文，逐个核对，验证答案
四、完形填空常用解题策略：
（1）利用首尾句预测语篇主旨
完型填空的首句通常不设空，它提供的信息对全文的理解定位有很好的启示作用。而尾句又往往是对文章主题的总结。所以，它们是了解文章大意的一个窗口，细读首尾句对我们理解全文有着重要的启示作用。
【真题赏析】
（2021新高考I卷）My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school, when, for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory.
…
This was the sort of work that made you 55 （appreciate）the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me.
【解析】从文章首尾句可以推测，本篇是一篇记叙文，讲述的应该是作者中学时在烘焙工厂打零工的经历以及这次经历带给作者的感悟和收获。
（2022新高考I卷）My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.
…
Now, every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage, we are filled with a sense of 34 (excitement), wondering what camping fun and 35 (adventure) we will experience next.
【解析】从文章首尾句可以推测，本篇讲述的应该是一家人在外野营的经历及感受。
（2）根据上下文语境意义解题
完形填空中每一道题的答案，在文中必有依据。因此，解答完形填空最基本的方法就是根据空格前后所提供的信息，进行适度的推理，做出符合逻辑的判断。同时，学生在做题时要有全局观念，进行连贯性思维，做题时必须从上下文的语境出发，并结合文章的主旨，确定空白处的意思，选出合乎语境的答案。
【真题赏析】（2020新高考全国卷I）Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some wetlands which became his second 21 (home). He learned the value and beauty of 22 there from a very young age.
22. A. nature B. youth C. culture D. knowledge
【解析】第22题出现在文章第一小节，是一道典型的文首总起的题目。此空是对下文的概括，因此答案来自下文。根据下文可知：一个叫Molai的印度男孩从16岁开始，就致力于关注自然、保护自然。故选A。
（2022年新高考全国I卷）Now, every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage, we are filled with a sense of 34 , wondering what camping fun and 35 we will experience next.
34. A. relief B. duty C. pride D. excitement
35. A. failure B. adventure C. performance D. conflict
【解析】第34题和第35题出现在文章的结尾部分，是一道典型的对上文进行总结概括的题目。由于上文讲的是过去作者和她的丈夫带着孩子们露营的一些经历。从上文的描述可知，他们的露营经历时有意外发生，却是有惊无险。而且从作者的笔触中可以感受到这些小意外反而是一种美好的记忆。故第34题选D，第35题选B。这句话的意思是：现在每年当我的丈夫把帐篷从车库里拿出来的时候，我们内心都充满了兴奋之情，想着我们下次露营时会经历什么样好玩的历险经历呢？这样就对上文做了一个合理恰当的总结。
（3）根据语篇标志及逻辑关系解题：
语篇一般指比句子长的语言单位，如句群、段落、篇章等。语篇与语篇之间往往有表明其内在联系的词语，这些词语被称为“语篇标志”。逻辑是作者的行文方式，主要包括并列、转折、条件、因果、递进、让步等。它们之间有的通过连接词来表达，关系非常明显;有的隐含在句与句之中，关系比较隐晦。做题时，应该根据前后信息进行思考，拨开迷雾，通过识别语篇标志、准确理解上下文间的逻辑关系准确答题。
【真题赏析】（2020新高考I卷）A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the 24 (damage) it caused had driven away a number of birds. 25 , the number of snakes had declined as well.
25. A. Besides B. However C. Therefore D. Otherwise
【解析】第25题考查副词及逻辑分析。上文说，该地区那年早些时候遭遇了洪水，使得很多鸟飞走了，下文说蛇的数量也减少了。“as well（也）”是一个重要提示，所以此处逻辑关系应该是递进，而不是因果或转折。故选择A。
（2022新课标I卷）I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot. That lasted about ten minutes. He was 24 (uncomfortable), and his crying let the whole campground know it. So 25 tying him up, I just kept a close eye on him. It 26 (worked) — he didn’t end up in the creek. My three-year-old, however, did.
25. A. due to B. instead of C. apart from D. as for
【解析】根据上文“He was uncomfortable, and his crying let the whole campground know it.”以及下文“I just kept a close eye on him”可推知，此处指孩子身上被绑绳子后感觉不舒服，所以作者放弃在他身上绑绳子，而只是密切关注着他。A. due to由于；B. instead of代替、而不是；C. apart from除了；D. as for至于。故选B。
（2022新课标I卷）Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake. The sky was clear when we __27_, but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly __28_ (interrupted) our peaceful morning trip.
27. A. signed up B. calmed down C. checked out D. headed off
【解析】根据上文“The sky was clear”以及下文的转折“but storms move in fast in the mountains”可推知，此处指天气突然变化，出发时还天气晴朗。A. signed up注册、报名；B. calmed down冷静下来；C. checked out退房、结账离开；D. headed off启程、出发。故第27题应选D。
（4）根据词汇、信息复现解题：
完形填空试题中，某一词常常以原词、代词、同义词、近义词以及其它形式重复出现在语篇之中。词汇复现的语用意义使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯，从而构成一个完整的意义整体。因此，做题时要联系上下文，寻求信息以确定答案。
【真题赏析】（2020新课标I卷）Molai built at the 33 of each sapling（幼树）a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to 34 (collect) rainwater. The water would then drip（滴落）on the plants below.
33. A. back B. top C. foot D. side
【解析】从下文The water would then drip（滴落）on the plants below. 中的“drip”和“below”可知第33题应是at the top of…答案为B。
（2022新课标I卷）My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.
Some of our ___21___(memories) are funny, especially from the early years when our children were little. Once, we ___22___ along Chalk Creek.
22. A. camped B. drove C. walked D. cycled
【解析】第22题为典型的词汇复现题。从上文My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.得知，下文讲述的应该是一次野营的经历。故答案为A。
（2023新课标I卷）On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have 21 (finished) the course earlier than she did. Her 22 came because she was carrying a 23 (competitor) across the finish line.
22. A. delay B. chance C. trouble D. excuse
【解析】根据上文“Melanie Bailey should have finished the course earlier than she did”可知，Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛，她的延迟是因为她背着一名竞争对手冲过终点线。上文的earlier是一个重要提示，说明没能早点到达，那应该是因故耽搁了。A. delay延误；B. chance机会；C. trouble麻烦；D. excuse借口。故选A。
（5）根据生活常识及文化背景知识解题
完型填空的语篇中往往渗透着相关的如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。考生在做题时，若能积极地调动自己的文化背景知识和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省时间，提高准确率。
【体验真题】（2020新高考全国I卷）He 26 (realized) that it was because there weren’t enough trees to protect them from the 27 (heat). The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek 28 (shelter) during the daytime. He turned to the 29 department for help but was told that nothing would grow there.
29. A. labor B. police C. forest D. finance
【解析】根据常识，植树造林的问题应该归属林业部门负责，故答案为C。
（2021新高考I卷）My best friend Betsy’s father was a manager at Hough Bakeries, which, at Easter time, 41 (made) little bunny (兔子) cakes for all its 42 throughout Cleveland. It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for 43 (temporary) help during our spring break, for which I had no 44 (plans) beyond listening to my favorite records.
…
This was 50 (harder) than it sounds. 51 a bit and the cakes pile up.
42. A. stores B. families C. schools D. citizens
51. A. Calm down B. Slow down C. Stay on D. Move on
【解析】第42题，根据文章的意思及生活常识，“我”朋友父亲的工厂会把生产的蛋糕送到Cleveland的所有商店去出售。故答案为A。
第51题，根据下文的“the cakes pile up”表示“蛋糕就会堆起来”，根据常识推断，这是速度慢下来导致的，故选B，意思是“慢下来”。而calm down平静下来；stay on继续；坚持；move on继续前进，均不符合文章的意思。
（2023新高考I卷）Bailey then 27 (bent down) to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get 28 attention.
28. A. medical B. public C. constant D. equal
【解析】根据常识，比赛时有人员受伤时应该是寻求医疗救助。medical attention意为“医疗救助”。故选A。
五、巩固练习
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A（2021年八省联考卷）
Byrd is in her eighth year of teaching at Wilder Elementary in Mansfield. She has taught fifth grader Fisher Croney every year since he was in kindergarten. Fisher 1 in the class by helping in Byrd's classroom whenever he has free time after class.
Byrd also 2 Fisher's mother, Shannon Croney, as an acquaintance. They would occasionally chat at their boys' baseball games. She had heard that Croney was having some 3 problems. In January 2019 Croney received a routine blood test and found her kidneys （肾）were not 4 normally. After going through a string of tests, doctors could not figure what caused her kidneys to 5 . But Byrd didn't know what the 6 was until she saw a Facebook post from Fisher around Christmas of 2019. It was 7 to help his mother find a kidney. Byrd did not 8 to help. In March, Byrd, learned that she and Croney were a close 9 Even doctors were 10 that they were not related in blood.
Byrd was in the hospital for 11 in June. She was never 12 about the transplant（移植）. Actually, she felt honored that her donation enabled another person to live a totally 13 life.
Today, both women are doing well. They are turning their 14 to another member of their community, who is also sick and 15 a kidney transplant.
1. A. gives out B. stands out C. looks about D. sits about
2. A. learned B. met C. taught D. knew
3. A. family B. behavior C. communication D. health
4. A. functioning B. growing C. forming D. beating
5. A. miss B. ache C. fail D. improve
6. A. schedule B. issue C. offer D. opportunity
7. A. intended B. allowed C. persuaded D. urged
8. A. respond B. hesitate C. confirm D. attend
9. A. encounter B. relative C. neighbor D. match
10. A. excited B. embarrassed C. surprised D. relieved
11. A. surgery B. practice C. recovery D. training
12. A. curious B. nervous C. certain D. frank
13. A. normal B. casual C. strange D. dependent
14. A. back B. faith C. attention D. respect
15. A. in favor of B. in memory of C. in recognition of D. in need of
B（2022届高三第二次T8联考）
My family moved into our home nine years ago. We live on a corner, and the entire side of the yard is enclosed by a 1 built rock wall. The front of the house though is another 2 because instead of a wall along the sidewalk, the rocks appear to be just 3 up onto the dirt.
We did the best we could and called this area our ‘rock garden'. Whenever we had leftover flowers or plants, I would 4 them out front, just to bring some 5 to the area.
Last summer I reached the end of the rock garden and found a tiny little plant that I could not immediately 6 , we didn't plant it. We decided to let it 7 growing until we could 8 what it was.
Weeks passed and as I made my way back to the 9 plant, it appeared to be a sunflower. It was skinny. I decided to 10 it along and weed around it. As I pulled rocks to get to the weeds, I noticed something 11 . The sunflower had not started where I saw it 12 . It actually had begun under a big rock and grown under and around it to 13 the sun.
That's when I realized that we should stand tall like the sunflower and the environment will begin to 14 us. We will find a way to go under or around our big 15 in order to reach our desires.
1. A. professionally B. randomly C. simply D. terribly
2. A. wall B. story C. side D. yard
3. A. built B. used C. thrown D. made
4. A. select B. cut C. stick D. pick
5. A. dirt B. color C. flowers D. plants
6. A. clarify B. identify C. account D. observe
7. A. continue B. avoid C. escape D. start
8. A. take down B. come across C. refer to D. figure out
9. A. charming B. wonderful C. ugly D. mysterious
10. A. dream B. wait C. baby D. explore
11. A. unusual B. important C. common D. disturbing
12. A. begin B. stop C. shoot D. expand
13. A. shade B. stand C. steal D. reach
14. A. shelter B. choose C. warn D. support
15. A. failures B. advantages C. problems D. situations
C（2024届高三第一次学业质量评价T8联考）
Jen is a 39-year old community dancer with Down's Syndrome(唐氏综合征). She is the founder of Dance Syndrome, a non profit organization that brings together 1 dancers and make them feel equal to everyone.
Dancing has always been in her veins. As a young girl, Jen seized every opportunity to dance with full 2 both in the morning and during her 10 minutes of 3 before bedtime. The dynamic workout would keep her 4 all day long.
Life hasn't been straightforward for Jen. She was 5 by a number of dance clubs in primary school and encountered numerous 6 while pursuing her passion for dance. Despite these challenges, her ambition to share her love for dance and 7 disabled individuals in the art grew stronger.
After leaving school at 18, Jen spent over 10 years searching 8 for opportunities to be trained as a dance leader. Eventually, she had to give up and decided to try her own way, not knowing where it might lead!
Despite the 9 , Dance Syndrome was established in 2009. Jen and her fellow disabled dance leaders took 10 of the charitable organization, working alongside non-disabled dance artists who helped them work more professionally.
Over the decade, Dance Syndrome has 11 thousands of disabled dancers, cultivating an environment where every person is recognized as equal, 12 and accepted for who they are. The year 2019 witnessed Jen 13 for the third time as a member of Shaw Trust's Disability Power 100. She is a living proof that 14 can come from unexpected places and that disabled individuals can 15 society in extraordinary ways.
1. A. confusing B. disabled C. talented D. clumsy
2. A. energy B. fear C. speed D. courage
3. A. concentration B. imagination C. relaxation D. celebration
4. A. exhausted B. astonished C. motivated D. refreshed
5. A. held back B. left alone C. looked after D. turned down
6. A. consequences B. barriers C. friends D. experiences
7. A. discover B. employ C. engage D. entertain
8. A. in particular B. in return C. in vain D. in advance
9. A. frustration B. progress C. curiosity D. uncertainty
10. A. possession B. charge C. advantage D. control
11. A. supported B. praised C. paid D. added
12. A. valued B. envied C. united D. rewarded
13. A. regarded B. listed C. interviewed D. expected
14. A. inspiration B. friendship C. teamwork D. leadership
15. A. contribute to B. adapt to C. belong to D. live up to
D（2024届九省联考试卷）
I was halfway across Indiana headed home to Kentucky when my car broke down. My phone was 1 , too. I managed to get to a gas station, but it was Sunday in the early fall, and there was no 2 on duty. I was working my way through university then and had little money for 3 the car.
I sat alongside my car for several hours trying to 4 the heat when an older gentleman 5 to fuel his car. He asked about my car, and I 6 my predicament (困境). To my 7 , the gentleman told me that he had a daughter my age, and then he opened his trunk and 8 a tool set.
Right then and there, this total 9 examined my engine, explaining as he worked that my spark plugs (火花塞) hadn’t been charged for so long that they were 10 to function. After about an hour, he 11 that my car was safe to finish the trip.
12 came at the hands of a stranger. 13 his clothes, working on a hot September afternoon, this man 14 a college student from disaster, just because she could have been his 15 .
1. A. busy B. loud C. dead D. secure
2. A. mechanic B. policeman C. manager D. guide
3. A. washing B. parking C. purchasing D. maintaining
4. A. feel B. beat C. absorb D. produce
5. A promised B. refused C. stopped D. volunteered
6. A. solved B. noticed C. escaped D. explained
7. A. surprise B. regret C. amusement D. disappointment
8. A. called up B. pulled out C. put down D. threw away
9. A. liar B. beginner C. stranger D. loser
10. A. free B. ready C. uncertain D. unable
11. A. pronounced B. agreed C. discovered D. doubted
12. A. Tiredness B. Kindness C. Loneliness D. Carefulness
13. A. Folding B. Drying C. Soiling D. Mending
14. A. saved B. called C. judged D. banned
15. A. friend B. daughter C. coworker D. customer
答案及解析：
A
1-5 BDDAC 6-10 BABDC 11-15 ABACD
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了一个名叫Byrd的老师热心救助病人，捐献肾脏，使病人过上正常生活的故事。
1. B。可根据上下文语境意义解。根据下文“by helping in Byrd's classroom whenever he has free time after class”可知，Fisher只要有时间就会帮助Byrd做教室里的事情，由此推断出Fisher在全班同学中很突出。
2. D。可根据词汇、信息复现解题。know sb表示“认识某人”，与本句中的“acquaintance”吻合。
3. D。可根据上下文语境意义解题。根据下文可知Fisher的妈妈患有肾病，所以面临着健康问题。
4. A。可根据生活常识解题。根据常识可知，肾脏有疾病，也就说肾脏不能正常工作了。function表示“起作用”。
5. C。 可根据上下文语境意义解题。上文说到Fisher的妈妈患有肾病，所以这里就说到“经过一系列的检查，医生还是无法弄清楚是什么造成肾脏衰竭的”。fail表示“衰竭，失败”。
6. B。根据词汇、信息复现解题。上文讲到“… Croney was having some ___3___ (health) problems.” 在这里issue和problem同意，表示“问题”。
7. A。根据上下文语境意义解题。这句话中it指代上一句的a Facebook post。be intended to do sth表示“被打算用来做某事”。这句话的意思是“它（这则帖子）是为了帮助他的妈妈找到肾脏配型的。”
8. B。根据上下文语境意义解题。根据下文可知，Byrd帮助了Fisher的妈妈，所以这句话选择hesitate, 意思是“Byrd毫不犹豫地施以援手”。
9. D。根据逻辑关系解题。见下一题。
10. C。根据逻辑关系解题。这句话与上一句暗藏着递进关系。意思是“三月份，Byrd了解到她的肾脏和Croney的十分匹配。甚至医生都吃惊于她们竟然没有血缘关系。”
11. A。根据生活常识解题。根据常识可知，肾脏移植需要手术。
12. B。根据逻辑关系解题。这句话与下一句之间用actually暗示了并列关系，意思是“她对移植手术并不紧张。事实上，她因为能够通过她的捐赠帮助另外一个人过上正常的生活而感到荣幸。”
13. A。根据词汇、信息复现解题。是上文“… found her kidneys were not ___4___ normally.” 中的normally的复现。
14. C。根据上下文语境意义解题。turn one’s attention to sb/sth表示“将注意力转向某人或者某事”。这句话的意思是“她们正在关注社区里的另一个需要肾脏移植的病人。”
15. D。根据上下文语境意义解题。这是对上文的回应。
B
1-5 ABCCB 6-10 BADDC 11-15 AADDC
【解析】本文讲述了作者无意中发觉一株向日葵在石头缝隙中生长的故事。
1. A。可根据逻辑关系解题。根据 “We live on a corner, and the entire side of the yard is enclosed by a 1 built rock wall. The front of the house though is another 2 because instead of a wall along the sidewalk, the rocks appear to be just 3 up onto the dirt.”中的“though”可知，这两句之间是转折的关系，意思是 “我们住在一个拐角处，院子的一面被包围在一堵修葺得很专业的石头墙里。但是房子的前面却是完全不一样的，因为那里不是一面沿街的墙，而是一面看似扔在泥土上的一堆石头。professionally与下文的be thrown up onto the dirt正好形成了对比。
2. B。 another story表示“情况不同”。
3. C。可根据上下文语境意义解题。略。
4. C。可根据上下文语义及生活常识解题。根据上下文及生活常识可知“我们尽力把这个地方变成我们的石头花园。无论什么时候我们有剩下来的花花草草，我都会把它们插在墙上。”
5. B。根据生活常识解题。根据常识可知，鲜花总是能够带来色彩的。
6. B。根据上下文语境意义解题。根据下文可知，我们不认识这株植物，直到它长大开花我们才知道那是向日葵。
7. A。根据上下文语境意义解题。这句话的意思是“我们决定让它继续生长，直到我们能够识别出它是什么为止”。
8. D。根据上下文语境意义解题。详析见上一题。
9. D。根据词汇、信息复现解题。上文说我们不认识这株植物，所以在我们眼里它是神秘的。
10. C。根据逻辑关系解题。这句话与上文“It was skinny.”之间暗藏着因果关系。因为这株植物长得很瘦小，所以我决定要好好地呵护它。
11. A。根据上下文语境意义解题。根据下文可知，这向日葵并不是从我看见它开始生长的地方开始生长的，所以这是我注意到的“不同寻常的事”。
12. A。根据上下文语境意义解题。这与文章第三小节呼应：“我在石头花园的一头发现了一棵小小的植物”。所以我以为它就是从那里开始生长的。
13. D。根据生活常识解题。根据常识可知，向日葵向着太阳生长。
14. D。结合文章主旨解题。这篇文章的主旨就是“我们应该像向日葵那样，积极向上，努力争取有利于自己生长的环境”。
15. C。根据上下文语境意义解题。这里的problems隐射了上文讲述的向日葵在生长过程中遇到的石头的阻碍，揭示了文章的主旨：我们要克服困难，不畏艰险，积极向上。
C
1-5 BACDD 6-10 BCCDB 11-15 AABDA
【解析】本篇是记叙文。主要讲述了患有唐氏综合征的Jen组建了社区非营利性组织Dance Syndrome的故事。
1.B.本题考查形容词词义辨析，可根据上下文语境意义解题。根据上文可知，Jen是一个唐氏综合征患者，她组建了非营利性组织Dance Syndrome, 是为了把像她一样的残疾舞者聚到一起，让他们感觉和正常人一样是平等的。作者的车坏了，手机也因为没电而关机了。A. confusing令人困惑的；B. disabled残疾的；C. talented有天赋的；D. clumsy笨拙的。故选B。
2. A. 本题考查名词词义辨析，根据上下文语境意义解题。根据上文“Dancing has always been in her veins”以及下文The dynamic workout…可知此处答案应为A。 with full energy意为“充满能量”。
3. C. 本题考查名词词义辨析。可根据生活常识解题。根据空后“before bedtime”可知，睡觉前应该是放松时间，故选择 relaxation。答案为C。 A. concentration; 专注 B. imagination想像; D. celebration庆祝。
4. D. 本题考查形容词词词义辨析，可根据词汇复现解题。根据上文“the dynamic workout”可知，这种有活力的锻炼会让她整天都精神抖擞。A. exhausted 筋疲力尽的 ； B. astonished 惊讶的 ； C. motivated 有动力的； D. refreshed精神抖擞的，故选D。
5. D. 本题考查动词短语辨析，可根据上文语境意义解题。根据上文“life hasn’t been straightforward for Jen”及下文“despite these challenges”可知，生活对Jen不是一直一帆风顺的，她遇到过很多挑战。所以推断出在小学她被许多舞蹈俱乐部拒绝过。A. held back 阻止； B. left alone被单独留下 ； C. looked after照顾 ；D. turned down拒绝，故选D。
6. B. 本题考查名词词义辨析。可根据下文语义解题。根据下文“Despite these challenges”可知，Jen应该是遇到了很多的障碍。A. consequences 后果； B. barriers 障碍 ； C. friends 朋友 ； D. experiences经历，故选B。
7. C. 本题考查动词词义辨析。可根据上下文语境意义解题。根据上文“She is the founder of Dance Syndrome, a non profit organization that brings together 1 dancers and make them feel equal to everyone.”可知Jen是想让残疾人参与到舞蹈艺术中来。故选C。engage sb in sth是“使某人参与…”的意思。
8. C. 本题考查短语辨析。可根据上下文语境意义解题。根据下文“Eventually, she had to give up…”可知，Jen花了10多年的时间也没有寻找到当舞蹈领队的机会。A. in particular 尤其，特别 ； B. in return 作为回报 ； C. in vain 徒劳； D. in advance提前，故选C。
9. D. 本题考查名词词义辨析。可根据逻辑关系解题。根据上文“despite”可知，文章上下文为转折关系。所以说尽管她自己不确定是否能成功，还是建立了Dance Syndrome组织。A. frustration 挫折 ； B. progress 进展； C. curiosity 好奇 ； D. uncertainty不确定性，故选D。
10. B. 本题考查名词词义辨析。可根据词汇复现解题。根据上文“Jen and her fellow disabled dance leaders… ”可知，Jen和她的残疾舞蹈者领导一起负责这个慈善组织，take charge of 意为“负责，掌管”故选B。
11. A. 本题考查动词词义辨析。可根据上下文语境意义解题。根据下文“cultivating an environment where every person is recognized as equal, 12 and accepted for who they are.”可知，Jen支持了数千名残疾舞者，创造了一个让每个人都被平等对待被接受的环境。A. supported 支持； B. praised 表扬 ； C. paid 支付 ； D. added 添加，故选A。
12. A. 本题考查动词词义辨析，可根据上下文词汇复现解题。根据空前空后的recognized和accepted可知，在Dance Syndrome, 每个人都是平等的，他们应该是会被重视和接受。全A. valued 重视 ； B. envied 嫉妒； C. united 团结 ； D. rewarded回报。故选A。
13. B. 本题考查动词词义辨析。可根据下文语境意义解题。根据下文“…for the third time as a member of Shaw Trust’s Disability Power 100”可知，Jen应该是在Shaw Trust残疾力量100强的成员之列。be listed as…是“被列为”的意思。故选B。
14. D. 本题考查名词词义辨析。可根据上下文语境意义解题。根据上文“Jen and her fellow disabled dance leaders took 10 of the charitable organization, working alongside non-disabled dance artists who helped them work more professionally”可知，Jen是Dance Syndrome的管理者，应该是有领导力的。A. inspiration灵感； B. friendship 友谊； C. teamwork 团队合作； D. leadership领导力，故选A。
15. A. 本题考查动词短语辨析，可根据上下文语境意义解题。根据空后“…society in extraordinary ways”及全文语境可知，Jen是以非凡的方式为社会作贡献。 A. contribute to 为…做贡献； B. adapt to 适应； C. belong to 属于； D. live up to达到 …的标准。故选A。
D
1-5 CADBC 6-10 DABCD 11-15 ABCAB
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的车在半路坏了，正巧赶上周日，在加油站并没有找到修车的人。这时恰巧有一位年长的绅士来加油。了解到作者遇到的困难后，他主动帮助作者修了车。作者对此非常的感谢。
1.C. 本题考查形容词词义辨析，可根据逻辑关系解题。根据上文“I was halfway across Indiana headed home to Kentucky when my car broke down.”以及句中的too可知，作者的车坏了，手机也因为没电而关机了。A. busy忙的；B. loud大声的；C. dead（因无电力）不工作的；D. secure可靠的。故选C。
2. A. 本题考查名词词义辨析，根据生活常识解题。根据上文“but it was Sunday in the early fall”可知，作者的车坏了，所以她应该去找修车的。但是因为是周日，所以加油站的机修工都没上班。A. mechanic机修工；B. policeman警察；C. manager经理；D. guide指导。故选A。
3. D. 本题考查动词词义辨析。可根据上下文语境意义解题。根据空前“I was working my way through university then and had little money”可知，作者当时正在在读大学，没有什么钱，所以几乎是不保养车的。A. washing清洗；B. parking停车；C. purchasing购买；D. maintaining保养。故选D。
4. B. 本题考查动词词义辨析，可根据下文语义解题。根据下文“working on a hot September afternoon”可知，事情发生在一个炎热的夏天，作者坐在车边试图保持凉爽。beat the heat“消暑，在炎热的天气中保持凉爽”。故选B。
5. C. 本题考查动词词义辨析，可根据上文语义解题。根据上文“I managed to get to a gas station”可知，作者是在加油站，所以有一辆车停下来加油。A. promised答应了；B. refused拒绝；C. stopped停止；D. volunteered自愿的。故选C。
6. D. 本题考查动词词义辨析。可根据上文语义解题。根据上文“He asked about my car”可知，这位绅士询问作者的车出了什么问题，然后作者向他解释了他的困境。A. solved解决；B. noticed注意到；C. escaped逃脱；D. explained解释。故选D。
7. A. 本题考查名词词义辨析。可根据上下文语境意义解题。根据下文“the gentleman told me that he had a daughter my age, and then he opened his trunk and ___8___ a tool set”可知，这位年长的绅士听到作者的困难后，告诉作者他也有一个女儿，而且从车里拿出一套工具。这让作为陌生人的作者感到非常的惊讶。to one’s surprise是使某人惊讶的意思，故选A。
8. B. 本题考查动词短语辨析。根据空后“a tool set”以及下文“Right then and there, this total ___9___ examined my engine, explaining as he worked that my spark plugs (火花塞) hadn’t been changed for so long that they were ___10___ to function.”可知，这位绅士从他的车里拿出一套工具，帮作者修起了车。A. called up打电话给；B. pulled out取出；C. put down放下；D. threw away扔掉了。故选B。
9. C. 本题考查名词词义辨析。可根据上文语义及生活常识解题。根据上文“I sat alongside my car for several hours trying to ___4___ the heat when an older gentleman ___5___ to fuel his car”以及全文语境可知，这个绅士对于作者来说完全是个陌生人。A. liar骗子；B. beginner初学者；C. stranger陌生人；D. loser失败者。故选C。
10. D. 本题考查形容词词义辨析。可根据上文语境意义解题。根据上文“as he worked that my spark plugs (火花塞) hadn’t been changed for so long ”可知，由于车辆的火花塞已经很久没有更换了，所以导致它不能正常工作。be unable to do sth是不能做某事的意思，故选D。
11. A. 本题考查动词词义辨析。根据空后“that my car was safe to finish the trip”可知，经过一个小时的修理后，那个绅士宣布说车可以安全地完成旅程。A. pronounced此处意为宣布，如果不确定pronounce的意思，可用排除法解题。B. agreed同意；C. discovered发现；D. doubted怀疑。故选A。
12. B. 本题考查名词词义辨析，可根据上下文语境意义解题。根据全文语境可知，一位陌生人帮助了他，所以此处作者要表达的意思是：善良来自一个陌生人。A. Tiredness疲劳；B. Kindness善良；C. Loneliness孤独；D. Carefulness细心。故选B。
13. C. 本题考查动词词义辨析。可根据上文语境意义解题。根据上文“After about an hour, he ___11___ that my car was safe to finish the trip”可知，那位绅士给作者修了一个小时的车。此处指修车时弄脏了自己的衣服。C. Soiling有“弄脏”的意思。如不确定C项意思，也可采取排除法。A. Folding折叠；B. Drying干燥； D. Mending修补。故选C。
14. A. 本题考查动词短语搭配。可根据上下文语境意义解题。根据上文“Right then and there, this total ___9___ examined my engine, explaining as he worked that my spark plugs (火花塞) hadn’t been changed for so long that they were ___10___ to function.”可知，这个陌生人给作者修了车，所以作者觉得他就像是从灾难中是救了她。A. saved救了；B. called打电话；C. judged判断；D. banned禁止。故选A。
15. B. 本题考查名词词义辨析，可根据上下文语境意义解题。句意：在一个炎热的九月下午，这个男人弄脏了自己的衣服，从灾难中拯救了一个大学生，只因为她可能是他的女儿同龄。A. friend朋友。B. daughter女儿；C. coworker同事；D. customer顾客。根据上文“the gentleman told me that he had a daughter my age”可知，作者觉那位绅士帮助作者是因为他有一个和她同龄的女儿。此处指作者就像那位男士的女儿。故选B。