译林版（2020）必修第三册Unit 2 Natural Disasters Grammar and usage课件(共79张PPT)

(共79张PPT)
Nonfinite Verbs
非谓语动词/
非限制性动词
高考真题 非谓语
2021 2
2022 2
2023 4
1.阅读理解
2.语法填空
3.写作
By the end of this class, we will be able to:
understand the different functions of the to-infinitives;
grasp the rules and the collections firmly;
analyze the functions of the to-infinitives correctly according to the context;
Learning aims
A king has only one queen.
A sentence has only one predicate verb谓语.
Lead in
Other wives are 妃子
Other verbs are 非谓语
Nonfinite Verbs 非谓语
Lead in
谓语
动词
非谓语
动词
在句子中充当谓语的动词；
在句子中不充当谓语的动词；
非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式，其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语，综合这两点，我们将其叫做非谓语动词
The queen has a variety of clothes.
So does predicate verb.
presentation
predicate verb 谓语动词
Do/does
Am/is/are
Did
Was/were
Will do
Will be
predicate verb changes to describe different tenses, voice and person. 谓语动词会根据时态、语态和人称不同变为不同的形式。
Am/is/are done…
…
…
…
presentation
Nonfinite Verbs 非谓语
To do 将来、目的
Doing 主动、同时进行
Done 被动、完成
非谓语三种类型
非谓语动词有时态、人称、数的变化吗？
She signalled to her students to exit the classroom in an orderly line covering their heads with their hands.
To do表将来，有后时性。 Exit 发生在 signal 动作之后
Doing 表同时进行，cover 和 exit 动作同时发生。
非谓语使用条件
一个句子当中，已经存在一个谓语动词,又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时。
She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat. （并列句 compound sentence）
She got off the bus where her handbag was left on her seat. （复杂句 complex sentence）
She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.
The teacher told us to read books.
Teaching is my job.
We want to finish the homework quickly.
指出下列句子中的谓语动词和非谓语动词(判断其成分)
The girl making up is very lovely.
谓语
非谓语
To see is to believe.
非谓语
谓语
非谓语
谓语
谓语
谓语
非谓语
非谓语
During a typhoon, you should do your best to keep your head
非谓语
非谓语
谓语
主，宾，表, 定, 状，补
定
宾
主
目的状语
主
宾补
表
1. To finish the work on time is difficult.
2. He refused to help me.
3. Our parents expect us to go to a good university.
4. He is always the first to come.
5. He got up early to catch the first bus.
6. I am happy to see you.
7. He hurried to the station only to find the bus had gone.
8. My dream is to go to a good university.
不定式在句子中可以做哪些成分？
不定式： 主，谓, 宾，定, 状, 表，补
主
宾
补
定
目的状语
原因状语
结果状语
表
Functions of To do
To do 不定式在句子中做什么成分？
动词不定式——to do
To become a good teacher was my dream.
To learn English well is necessary for us all.
It is necessary for us to learn English well.
非谓语to do can be the subject主语.
Presentation: subject
将来
将来
将来
practice
说着容易做着难。
is easy ，but is difficult.
帮助困境中的人是我们的责任。
people in difficulties is our duty.
掌握一门语言不是一件容易的事情。
is not an easy thing.
对我们来说，学好英语很有用。
It is useful for us .
对我们来说保护环境很重要。
To protect the environment is important for us .
It is important for us to protect the environment.
To see
to do
To help
To master a language
to learn English well.
动词不定式——to do
I want to see you this evening.
I plan to travel abroad this summer vacation.
非谓语to do can be the object宾语.
形式宾语？
Presentation
object
将来
将来
Begin to do sth.
开始做某事（还没做）
want to do sth.
想要去做某事
forget to do sth.
忘记要去做某事
remember to do sth.
记得要去做某事
learn to do sth.
学习做某事（还没去做）
like to do sth.
喜欢去做某事（一次性的动作）
hate to do sth.
讨厌去做某事（一次性的动作）
…….
实际上，我们背的…to do sth 中的 to do 就是做宾语
想不到吧，本宫竟是你熟悉的枕边人。
Forget doing sth
Remember doing sth
Learn doing sth
Like doing sth
Hate doing sth
1. Boys, don't forget _____ the windows before you leave the classroom.
A. closing　B. closed　C. to closing　D. to close
2.She reached the top of the hill and stopped _______ on a big rock.
A. to have rested　B. resting　C. to rest　D. rest
3. Remember _______ the lights when you leave the office.
to turn off　B. turning off　C. turn off　D. to turning off
4. I think it hard the question in one go.
A.to answer B. answering C. answer D.to be answered
practice
不定式可以做 . 当to do 不定式过长的时候，可以用 .
非谓语to do can be the subject主语.
非谓语to do can be the object宾语.
不定式可以做 . 其中 to do 动作具有后时性，表示动作 （正在发生/还没发生），不定式做宾语，就是我们背诵 .
主语
It 做形式主语
宾语
还没发生
…to do sth
His wish is to become an astronaut.
他的愿望是成为一名宇航员。
The purpose of education is to develop a fine personality in children.
教育的目的是培养孩子们健全的人格。
They are to marry next week.
他们将在下周结婚。
Our most important task now is to make a plan.
当前最重要的任务是制定计划。
动词不定式（The Infinitive）——to do
Presentation
predicative
非谓语to do can be the predicative表语.
置于系动词be 之后
将来
将来
将来
将来
She asked me to answer the phone in her absence.
She requested him to go with her.
Fermina 鼓励我们努力学习英语。（encourage ）
Fermina encouraged us to learn English hard.
Presentation
complement
动词不定式（The Infinitive）——to do
Tell sb to do sth
ask sb to do sth
Want sb to do sth
Like sb to do sth,
Invite sb to do sth
Encourage sb to do sth
Help sb to do sth
……
实际上，我们背的… sb to do sth 中的 to do 就是做宾补
To do 表将来，动作具有后时性，还未发生
非谓语to do can be the predicative表语.
不定式可以做 ，常常置于 之后。 同样，其中 to do 动作具有后时性，表示动作 （正在发生/还没发生）
表语
还没发生
非谓语to do can be the complement补语.
不定式可以做 . 同样，其中 to do 动作具有后时性，表示动作 （正在发生/还没发生），不定式做补语，就是我们背诵的 .
补语
还没发生
…sb to do sth
系动词 (be)
（一感feel 二听 listen to, hear三让make, let, have五看see, look at, watch, notice, observe半帮助 help ）
to do 不定式做宾补 在感官动词 和使役动词之后，可以省略 to
Sometimes，to can be left out.
Did you see him go out？
She made him give up smoking.
Feel sb to do sth/ listen to sb to do sth …. ×
Feel sb do sth √
Listen to sb do sth √
Make sb do sth √
See sb do sth √
非谓语to do/省略to 的不定式 do can be the complement 补语.
动词不定式——to do
Presentation
attributive
He bought some books to read.
他买了一些用来读的书。
There are still many problems to solve.
有很多要解决的问题。
She is always the first to hand in homework.
她总是交作业的第一人。
The last one to arrive pays the meal.
最后到的人买单。
【
】
【
】
】
】
【
【
非谓语to do can be the attributive后置定语.
名/代之后，
修饰名/代
当中心词是_________或___________________________及the next, the only, the last等限定时，常用不定式作后置定语。
序数词
被序数词、形容词最高级
She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.
She is the only person to be admitted to the committee.
【雅礼中学高三月考】She gets up at 5:00 am and is always the first one among all the stuff (to arrive) at school.
to arrive
不定式做定语修饰名/代时，与名/代（逻辑主语）之间的逻辑关系？
She is always the first to hand in homework.
1.The first 是 hand in homework 的动作发出者——主谓关系
I will borrow a book from the library to read.
She has two children to look after.
2. A book 是 read 的动作承受者——动宾关系
如果不定式是不及物动词，需要加介词才能与名词之间构成动宾关系。
那既然是动宾关系，为什么不用被动？
The young man had no chance to go to school.
3. go to school是chance的具体内容——同位关系/所属关系
I have a wish to go to college.
Who has the ability to do the work
We should have the courage to face any difficulty.
They have found out a way to help the villages get rid of poverty.
被修饰的名词多是 Chance/wish/ability/courage/way 等抽象名词
He needs something. 他需要一些东西。
他需要些吃的东西。 He needs something to eat .
He needs a pen. 他需要笔。
他需要用来写的笔。 He needs a pen to write with.
He has two children. 他有两个孩子。
他有两个需要照顾的孩子。He has two children to take care of .
We need to find a house. 我们需要找个房子。
我们需要找个能住的房子。We need to find a house to live in。
I have a wish. 我有一个梦想。
我有一个去上大学的梦想。I have a wish to go to college.
practice
主谓
主谓
动宾
动宾
同位
不定式可以做 . 修饰前面的 。与前面的名词构成 、 、和 关系。
当不定是是不及物动词时，不要忘记 。如 ：
.
非谓语to do can be the attribute 定语
To live in、to write down、to take care of、to look after
后置定语
名词、代词
主谓
动宾
同位
介词
当中心词是_________或___________________________及the next, the only, the last等限定时，常用不定式作后置定语。
序数词
被序数词、形容词最高级
在only to do 结构中,不定式常表示没有预料到的结果,只…、却…。
He got to the station only to find the train had gone.
他赶到车站，却发现火车已经走了。
I opened my wallet, only (find)that I didn’t have enough money.
我匆忙赶到（hurry to）超市，不料他已经关门了。
I hurried to the supermarket, only to find it was closed.
The adverbials of result结果状语
to find
在 too adj. to… (太……而不能)结构中，表示反面结果。
The case was too heavy to be carried by a child.
这个箱子太重了，小孩提不起。
She is too mean make a donation.
他太害羞，不敢和她讲话。
He is too shy to talk with her.
这个箱子太重，这个男孩提不起。
The box is too heavy for the boy to carry.
The adverbials of result结果状语
to
在be adj. enough to do (如此……以至于……)结构中。
So the children is calm enough to protect themselves during the earthquake.
所以学生们足够镇定以至于在地震中能够保护自己。
我们足够细心，以至于能够赢得第一名。
We are careful enough to win the first place.
他到了参军的年龄。
He is old enough to join the army.
The adverbials of result结果状语
The adverbials of purpose目的状语
目的状语：To/in order to 可以表目的
I will sit in the front in order to hear more clearly
为了听得更清楚，我要坐在前面。
Until 1991 certain figures were required (test) competitors’ certain skills.
（2023全国甲卷）For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) __________ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.
我们应该尽我们所能去帮助困境中的人们。
We should do our best to help people in difficulties.
to test
to teach
原因状语：常位于表示情感、心理活动的形容词后，如 surprised，glad，happy , sad, excited, sorry
She was sorry to find him in such a difficult situation.
得知他处在这么困难的局面，我很难过。
We were excited to hear the news.
听见这个消息，我很激动。
看到你们取得如此快速的进步，Fermina 很惊喜。
Fermina is surprised to see your rapid progress.
The adverbials of reason原因状语
不定式可以做 . 可表示 、 、 等。
其中结果状语：
①在 中，常表示意料之外的结果。
②在 中，表示反面结果
，也可以表示结果。
目的状语：在 中表示目的。
原因状语：在表示 的词之后，如 ，
表示原因。
非谓语to do can be the adverbials 状语
状语
结果
目的
原因
Only to do
Too… to
Be adj enough to do
To/in order to
心情
Sorry/sad/happy/excited
To see is to believe.
I plan to travel abroad this summer vacation.
She asked me to answer the phone
She made him give up smoking.
The meeting to be held next week is of great importance.
We were excited to hear the exciting news.

做主语 、 做表语（be系动词之后）
做宾语（动词之后） v to do sth
做宾补（代词宾格、人名之后） v sb to do sth
做宾补（代词宾格、人名之后）
做定语 （名词之后，修饰名词） ….的
做状语，表原因、目的、结果
主 谓 宾 表 定 状 补
本宫作为一个妃子（非谓语）什么都能做，就是做不了谓语！
Find the sentences with to-infinitives and fill in the table below.
To-infinitives as attributives 不定式做定语 To-infinitives as adverbials of result
不定式做结果状语
I was staying in Atlanta, and that was one of the cities to be hit.
The roads were blocked, so there was nothing for me to do but stay inside.
I had enough food and water to last a whole week!
That morning, I turned on the TV for some local news, only to hear that a hurricane was on its way.
… I looked out of the window, only to see huge trees lying across the street and water everywhere!
Exploring the rules p20 A
Working out the rules p20 A
When the to-infintive is used as an attributive定语, it is often put (before/after) the noun or pronoun it modifies.
（to do 可做定语，置于名词或代词之后去修饰名或代）
When the to-infintive is used as an adverbial状语 of result, it can refer to an (expected/unexpected) result. In this case, we often use only before the to-infinitive.
（to do 可以做结果状语，放在only 之后表示意料之外的结果）
after
unexpected
Match the first half of the sentences below with the correct to-infinitives.
1. I went to the annual earthquake workshop
2. The authorities told the local people
3. They arrived at the airport
4. Before we returned home, the flood damage needed
5. This was the last city
a. to be cleared of people before the volcano erupted.
b. to be repaired.
c. to stay inside when the typhoon arrived.
d. only to find the flight had been cancelled due to the snowstorm.
e. to learn some safety tips.
作定语
作宾语
作宾补
作结果状语
作目的状语
Practice p21 B1
A. Object B. object complement C. attributive
D. adverbial of purpose E. adverbial of result
I’m sorry that I cannot come to your birthday party tomorrow as I have an important meeting to attend.
She hurried to the cinema, only to find all the tickets had been sold out.
I ask you to complete the ask on your own.
To reach the summit, we need a local guide.
We must learn to walk before we can run.
I’m afraid they will have a difficult decision to make.
To avoid losing a good friend, you need to apologize as soon as possible.
He lelt his hometown, never to be heard from again.
We agreed to change our plan at the meeting.
She invited me to watch a film.
C
E
B
D
A
C
E
A
B
D
p64
Below is Anna’s to-do list from yesterday afternoon. Complete the diary entry below using to-infinitives.
Practice p21 B2
This afternoon, I went to the school library (1)___________________________.
At 3 p.m., I arrived at Mr Li’s office, only (2)__________________________ . Just then, I saw a note from Mr Li on the office door saying he was in the meeting room. I went there and we talked about his experiences during a strong hurricane. Mr Li described the hurricane in great detail. He also mentioned a charity event to raise funds for the disaster area. Our interview ended at 3:50 p.m. because Mr Li had a staff meeting (3) ___________ at 4 p.m. Next I went through my notes of Mr Li’s experiences and at 5 p.m. I went to the school computer room (4)__________________________________.
to find books about hurricanes
to find he was not in his office
to attend
to make PPT slides for my project
adverbial of purpose
adverbial of result
attributive
adverbial of purpose
production
Jim is talking to his friend Julie about his experience after the earthquake. In pairs, complete the conversation below using to- infinitives
Julie: I heard earthquake in your city was terrible. Did you move to a safe place.
Jim: Yes, my neighbourhood (1) . People from other neighbourhoods followed later.
Julie: Is it true that the emergency services provided everyone with sleeping bags
Jim: Yes, they did this(2) .
Julie: Did you miss home？
Jim：Yes, I did. I (3) , but I had to wait three weeks before it was safe to go back.
Julie: What did your home look like when you returned
Jim: I came home (4) . Nothing was left in one piece.
Julie: I am sorry to hear that. Did the authorities give you any advice？
Jim： Yes. They(5) .
There are effective procedures ___________________(prevent) natural disasters.
Earthquakes, tsunamis, typhoons and hurricanes are all destructive natural disasters for us _________________(avoid).
The tourists fought against the bad weather and managed ______________(return) safe and sound.
He signalled to the residents in the building ______________(exit) from the apartment in an orderly manner.
When I heard a loud crash in the room, it occurred to me that something odd was about ________________(happen).
In case of emergency, it is essential _________________(keep) your head and give your immediate reaction.
to prevent
to avoid
to return
to exit
to happen
to keep
Practice p21 B1
作定语
作宾语
作宾补
作主语
作宾补
To our great relief, only five people in the country were confirmed _______________________(injure) after the typhoon.
Everyone came downstairs to the square ____________(escape) the danger of the earthquake.
I insist that it is very important ____________(keep) everyone informed of a natural disaster coming.
The hurricane came as a shock to the residents of the island. They were too scared __________(go) out.
After the disaster, charities called on people ____________(donate) money.
Sharp cries for help broke out far and wide, and they offered __________(rescue)them.
to have been injured
to escape
to keep
to go
to donate
to rescue
作宾语
作主语
作状语
作宾补
作宾补
作宾语
_____________(sum) up, the disaster was unbearable and beyond imagination.
We must do what we can ___________(help) those who are in trouble.
Paul doesn’t have to be made ______________(study). He always works hard.
The telephone is generally considered to _______________(invent) by Bell.
Will you able to attend the lecture _________________(give) by Professor Li next week
I feel it is your husband who is ________________(blame)for the spoiled child.
To sum
to help
to study
to have been invited
to be given
to blame
作状语
作状语
作宾语
做表语
做定语
做宾语
practice
2.（2023全国甲卷）For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) __________ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.
答案：to teach
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：几千年来，人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意可知，此处表达“来传授知识和智慧”，所以用不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。
3.（2021北京卷）Much of this increase can be due to climate change. The findings show a critical need (invest) in disaster prevention.
答案: to invest
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：研究结果表明, 急需投资于灾害预防。根据语境可知, 此处表示未来的动作, 应用不定式, 作后置定语。故填to invest。
practice
4.（2022北京卷）As Helen walked on, she heard a man charging towards her. Fearful that he might have an intention __________ (harm) her, Helen started to run.
答案: to harm
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：海伦担心他可能有意伤害她，便开始快跑。分析句子结构，可知空处应填非谓语动词的形式，have an intention to do sth.意为“有意向做某事”，固定搭配，不定式作后置定语。故填to harm。
practice
5.（2021全国甲卷）It is possible __________ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
答案: to walk
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在观察了城墙上所有的防御设备后，我们决定是时候采取行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处为句型“it +be+adj+to do sth.”，it为形式主语，动词walk的不定式短语作真正主语。故填to walk。
6.（2020北京卷）It takes them hundreds of years __________ (break) down. Many of these bags end up in the ocean where larger ones can trap sea creatures, such as turtles and dolphins.
答案: to break
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们用几百年的时间才分解。固定句型It takes sb./sth. +一段时间+ to do sth.（花某人/物多长时间干某事），此处用动词不定式（to do ）作真正主语，It形式主语。故填to break。
20.（2022新高考II卷）He saved my son’s life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know __________to thank him.”
答案: how
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我不知道如何去感谢他。根据句子结构，设空处填写的是特殊疑问词+to do不定式结构作宾语。根据句意，how意为“如何”，符合句意。故填how。
practice
25.（2020全国II卷）Bamboo plants are associated with health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy__________ (care) for and make great presents.
答案: to care
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们很容易照顾，也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be +形容词 + to do”结构。故填to care。
reading 中的非谓语
FALMONT-On 17 March, 476 students and 36 teachers at Falmont Primary School escaped an earthquake that hit the county at 2:27 p.m.
=hitting
Only 5 students suffered slight injuries, despite the current figures of 7 killed and 200 injured in the disaster area at large.
非谓语done 作定语修饰名词
Her students' reaction was quick and correct——they moved under their desks, head first, and held on to the legs of the desks.
此处时一连串的动作，有先后之分，所以不能用holding
There were loud crashes of glass breaking and things falling to the ground, but the students remained still and waited calmly and quietly.
=waiting 此处wait 和 remain 同时发生
She signalled to her students to exit the classroom in an orderly line covering their heads with their hands.
The moment the shaking stopped, Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape.
To do 具有后时性
不能用to cover
After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound, they relaxed, laughing, crying and hugging each other.＂
so the kids were calm enough to protect themselves during the earthquake.
Doing 表同时发生（伴随性）
calm的结果是能够protect themselves
To do 表结果状语
a series of huge waves caused by an undersea Earthquake raced across the ocean near Goldshore and left thousands dead.
Done 做后置定语 海地地震造成的一系列的巨浪
=leaving
Goldshore Beach was the only local beach to survive the disaster without any loss of life.
To do做后置定语修饰名词beach
A10-year-old girl,Sabrina Andron,helped around 100 people escape danger with her knowledge of tsunamis.
to do 不定式做宾补 在感官动词 和使役动词之后，可以省略 to
（一感feel 二听 listen to, hear三让make, let, have五看see, look at, watch, notice, observe半帮助 help ）
Feel sb to do sth/ listen to sb to do sth …. ×
Feel sb do sth √
Listen to sb do sth √
Make sb do sth √
See sb do sth √
非谓语to do/省略to 的不定式 do can be the complement 补语.
People were walking, running or simply sitting on the sandy beach, enjoying the warm sea air and the soft wind that brushed their hair.
Enjoy 和前面的谓语动词 walk/run/sit 同时发生
可以改为to enjoy 吗？
=brushing
When Super Typhoon Haiyan hit the philippines and neighboring countries, huge waves crashed in to coasts, causing serious damage.
Although there is no way to prevent a typhoon, you can get prepared for it.
In order to protect yourself from a typhoon， follow the proper safety procedures.
不定式做目的状语
不定式做定语，再名词后面，修饰名字
During a typhoon, you should do your best to keep your head.
Remember to inform yourself of what is going on.
不定式做目的状语
不定式做宾语
Anna: Mr Li, I heard you experienced a strong hurricane when you were attending a conference in the United States. Can you tell me about it？
Mr Li: Sure, I was staying in Atlanta, and that was one of the cities to be hit.
Anna: Did you know that the hurricane was coming
Mr Li: Yes. That morning, I turned on the TV for some local news, only to hear that a hurricane was on its way. As you can imagine, it was a bit of a shock.
Anna: What did you do during the hurricane
A Exploring the rules
那是被袭击的城市之一，to be done做后置定语
结果发现，飓风就要来了 。 Only to do 做结果状语
Mr Li: The roads were blocked, so there was nothing for me to do but stay inside.
You know, going outside during a hurricane is much too dangerous.
Anna: Exactly, How did you feel during the hurricane
Mr Li: The strong wind and heavy rain didn’t scare me, but I was quite frightened during the power failure.
Anna: Were you afraid of running out of supplies
Mr Li: Actually, no. I had enough food and water to last a whole week!
Anna: That was lucky! What did the streets look like after the hurricane
所以没有能做的事情，除了在房间里呆着。 不定式做定语
Doing 动名词作主语
Have enough sth to do 有足够多的….去做某事
不定式做结果状语
Mr Li: When the wind and rain stopped, I looked out of the window, only to see huge trees lying across the street and water everywhere!
Anna: The hurricane must have caused a lot of damage and suffering.
Mr Li: Yes. Luckily, many people came to help, donating food and clothes to charities.
Only to do 意料之外的结果 huge tree 和lie 的关系是主动 lying
躺在街上的树， doing做后置定语
Come to sth 符合公式 V ＋ to do 宾语
predicate verb 谓语动词
Do/does
Am/is/are
Did
Was/were
Will do
Will be
predicate verb changes to describe different tenses, voice and person. 谓语动词会根据时态、语态和人称不同变为不同的形式。
Am/is/are done…
…
…
…
presentation
Nonfinite Verbs 非谓语
To do 将来、目的
Doing 主动、同时进行
Done 被动、完成
非谓语三种类型
非谓语动词有时态、人称、数的变化吗？
非谓语没有完整的时态语态变化！
主 动 式 被 动 式
一般式 to do
完成式
进行式 无
to have done
to be doing
to have been done
to be done
否定式
（not 加在 to之前）
The teacher told us to do morning exercises .
老师让我们做早操。
The car to be bought is for his sister.
要买的这辆车是给他的姐姐的。
句子中有动作的发出者（逻辑主语）
用主动 to do
句子中有动作的承受者（逻辑宾语）
用被动 to be done
如何判断用哪种形式
She has plenty of homework to (do) tonight.
她今晚有许多家庭作业要做。
(主语she是不定式to do的逻辑主语)
Tom will give me a novel to (read). Tom会给我一本小说读。(间接宾语me是不定式to read的逻辑主语)
句子中找得到不定式动作的发出者（逻辑主语），就用主动to do
打开电视 turn on the TV （L5）
A hurricane was on its way 一场飓风就要来了
it was a bit of a shock
during the hurricane
block 堵塞阻挡v.
not/nothing/nobody….but do sth 除了做…啥也不能做=只能…
strong wind 大风
heavy rain 大雨
scare sb（宾格） 吓到某人
be afraid of doing sth害怕做某事
run out of supplies 用完补给品
I expected to be taken to Beijing when I was a child.
我小时候期望着被带着去北京。

I don't want the secret to be let out.
我不想让此秘密泄露出去。
句子中找得到不定式动作的承受者（逻辑宾语），就用被动to be done。
The thief is said to have escaped.
据说小偷已经逃跑了。
It is said to have been arrested.
据说小偷已经被抓住了。
She is said to have been working in the factory over the last 20 years.
据说在过去的20年里，她一直在这家工厂工作。
It is important to learn English well. ( )
It is important to be learnt English well. ( )
不定式的主动形式to do 可以表被动意义：
①句子中找得到to do动作的 （发出者/承受者），及
（逻辑主语/逻辑宾语）
②不定式前面可以加上 .
主动表被动的2种情况
I need the house to be repaired. ( )
I need the house to repair. ( )
He wants the car to be painted. ( )
He wants the car to paint. ( )
找不到逻辑主语，也不可以加for sb的时候，就用被动to be done
（山东省威海市2023-2024学年高三上学期期末考试 改编）Hanfu was the standard dress code for people during the Han Dynasty and was worn by both men and women. The clothing is characterized by its long robes, wide sleeves, and flowing ___36___ （skirt） and the designs are often inspired by nature, with flower patterns and images of birds and animals.
Nowadays, Chinese Hanfu is making ___37___ comeback in modern China. The revival of this ancient fashion can be put down to several factors, ___38___ include its promotion through ___39___ (society) media platform and its appeal among younger generations as a form of cultural identity.
production
skirts
an
which
social
___40___ (additional), the historical significance and pride ___41___ (associate) with Hanfu has led to increased interest and demand for authentic clothing pieces. Furthermore, modern adaptations and variations of Hanfu have made ___42___ more accessible and appealing to a wider audience. In recent years, events such as Hanfu festivals and competitions ___43___ (push) the trend further. Hanfu is no longer seen as outdated or old-fashioned ___44___ rather as a stylish and unique option for those seeking to express their individuality.
Overall, Chinese Hanfu continues to gain popularity as a symbol of cultural heritage and national pride, with many embracing it as a way _____45_____ (celebrate) and preserve traditional Chinese culture.
Additionally
associated
have pushed
to celebrate
but
it