【备考2024】精读高考英语真题(三）（附学案 ）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
精 读 高 考 真 题 (三）
高考英语真题是英语学习的宝藏，精读一篇远胜过刷题十篇。相较于教材、日常习题，高考真题的语料更加新颖、更有针对性。长期精读高考真题有利于增强英语学习的信心，从而极大提高学习英语的效率。
一、真题再现
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsman. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat (栖息地).
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory (迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System --- a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
28. What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America
A. Loss of wetlands. B. Popularity of water sports.
C. Pollution of rivers. D. Arrival of other wild animals.
29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph
A. Acquire. B. Export. C. Destroy. D. Distribute.
30. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934
A. The stamp price has gone down. B. The migratory birds have flown away.
C. The hunters have stopped hunting. D. The government has collected money.
31. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. The Federal Duck Stamp Story B. The National Wildlife Refuge System
C. The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl D. The History of Migratory Bird Hunting
（2021年全国新高考I卷阅读理解C篇）
二、语篇导读 本文的语篇类型是说明文，主题语境为人与自然。介绍了联邦鸭邮票的由来，包括鸭邮票产生的背景和目的，以及所带来的结果。
三、重点单词（词性转换词、熟词生意词、超纲词）和短语
explorer n. 探险家，探险者（-er接在动词之后构成名词，表示“做......的人”、“供做......的物”）
explore vt. 探险，探测
set foot upon/on 进入，踏上
astonishing 令人惊讶的，非常惊人的（分词形容词）
astonish vt. 使惊讶，使吃惊
a variety of 各种各样的，各种不同的
take care of 照顾、照料、爱护，注意
resource n. 资源
wisely adv. 明智地，精明地
wise adj. 聪明的，明智的，英明的
unfortunately adv. （修饰全句）不幸地，不幸地，遗憾地
unfortunate adj. 不幸的，运气不好的（un- 置于形容词、副词或某名词之前，表示“不”、“无”、“非”）
fortunate adj. 幸运的，侥幸的
decimate vt. 大量毁灭，大批杀死（某地区的动物、植物或人）（课标外词）
a large part of 很大一部分（后面既可以接可数名词可以不可数名词）
millions of 数百万的
handful n. 一把（的量）（-ful构成名词，表示“满......（的量）”）
a handful of 少数的，少量的
overly adv. 过度地，过于
over adj. 过多的，过度的
house vt. 为…提供房屋（或住所）（名词转动词）
ever-increasing adj. 不断增加的（合成词）
passage (u)n. （议案等的）通过（熟词生义）
increasingly adv. 不断增加地，越来越多地
increasing adj. 逐渐增加的，越来越多的
increase v. 增加
concerned adj. 关注的，担心的（分词形容词）
concern vt. 使担心，使不安
destruction n. 破坏，毁灭（-ion构成名词，表示“行为”、“结果”或“状态”）
destruct v. 破坏
be vital to 对......至关重要
annually adv. 一年一次地，每年
annual adj. 一年一次的，每年的
cartoonist n. 漫画家（-ist构成名词，表示“......的人”、“......家”、“......主义者”）
cartoon n. 动画片、卡通，漫画
at that time 当时
appoint sb. as 委任某人做......
bureau n. （政府或组织机构的）局，所，司，处，属
bureaucratic adj. 官僚的（-cratic 构成形容词）
biological adj. 生物的，生物学的（-ical构成形容词，表示“......的”、“有关......的”、“......性质的”）
biology n. 生物学
survey n. 调查，民意测验
ensure vt. 保证，确保，担保（en-接在形容词、名词之前，表示“使成为......”）
sure adj. 确信，肯定的，有把握的
directly adv. 直接地
direct adj. 直接的
inclusion (u)n. 包含，包括（-sion构成名词，表示“行为”、“结果”或“状态”）
include vt. 包括，包含
refuge (u)n. 庇护；避难（课标外词）
be available for/to 于......可利用的、有帮助的
billion n. 十亿
half a billion 五亿
initiate vt. 开始，发起，创始
initiative n. （C）倡议，（U）主动性（-ive 构成名词，表示“具有......性质”、“有......倾向”）
popularity n. 受欢迎，普及，流行（-ity 接在形容词后构成名词，表示“......性质”、“......状态”）
popular adj. 流行的，大众的，受欢迎的
go down （价格、水平或数量）下降，下跌
fly away 飞离，飞走
四、关键结构和长难句
1. When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife.
介词with用以表示附带状况，可译为“在......情况下”，“随着”，“因为、由于”等。
E.g. However, with this introduction,it ispossible to understand the advantages and
disadvantages of the process. 然而通过本介绍，了解这种工艺的优缺点仍是可能的。
【参考译文】当探险家们第一次踏上北美洲大陆的时候，因为有各种各样的野生动物
天空和大地上充满了生机。
Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources.
句中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是to decimate a large part of these resources；take表示“花费、占用（时间、钱、精力等）”；the explorers and the settlers who followed是间接宾语，only a few decades是直接宾语。可改为：Unfortunately, it took only a few decades for the explorers and the settlers who followed to decimate a large part of these resources.或Unfortunately, the explorers and the settlers who followed took only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources.
在“It takes/took sb/sth ... + 动词不定式”结构中，It是形式主语，真正的主语是后
面的动词不定式。可改为“It takes/took ... for sb/sth +动词不定式”结构或“sb/sth takes/took ... + 动词不定式”结构。
E.g. It took about a dozen students almost five hours to write down the names of 1,622 US soldiers who have died in Iraq. 十几位学生花了近五个钟头，才把1622名死在伊拉克的美国军人的名字写下来。（=It took almost five hours for about a dozen students to write down the names of 1,622 US soldiers who have died in Iraq.或About a dozen students took almost five hours to write down the names of 1,622 US soldiers who have died in Iraq.）
It took the Unites States 139 years to get to 100 million people. 美国用了139年才达到一亿人口。（=It took 139 years for the Unites States to get to 100 million people.或The Unites States took 139 years to get to 100 million people.）
It took her a long time to feel comfortable in her new school. 他过了很久，才在新学校里感到舒服。（=It took a long time for her to feel comfortable in her new school.或She took a long time to feel comfortable in her new school.）
Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.
. to feed and house the ever-increasing populations是动词不定式做状语，表目的。
. greatly reducing waterfowl habitat是一个现在分词短语做状语，表示结果，其逻辑主语是前面Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations这件事。相当于一个which引导的非限制性定语从句：which greatly reduced ...。
E.g. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine
their relationship to single-use plastic products. 他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑，迫使观
众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系。（= He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, which forced viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.）
More highways have been built in China, making it much easier for people to travel
form one place to another. 更多的高速公路已在中国被建成，这使得人们从一地到另一地更加容易。（= More highways have been built in China, which makes it much easier for people to travel form one place to another.）
【参考译文】数百万英亩的湿地被抽干来解决不断增长的人口的吃与住，这极大地减少了水禽的栖息地。
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival.
1). take action to do 采取行动做某事
E.g. The police had take action to deal with the riots. 警方不得不采取果断的行动来对付骚乱。
2). so vital to their survival是后置定语，修饰前面的wetlands。相当于一个定语从句：which were so vital to their survival。
【参考译文】1934年，随着《候鸟狩猎鸭票法案》的通过，越来越关注的国家采取了坚决的行动来制止对迁徙的水禽以及对它们的生存至关重要的湿地的破坏。
The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey.
1). very常用在first, last或形容词最高级前，起强化语的作用。
E.g. The very first thing you must do is ring the police. 你必须做的第一件事就是给警察打电话。
They arrived only at the very last moment. 他们在最后一刻才到。
2). a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa是 J.N. “Ding” Darling的同位语，起具体说明的作用。
3). who引导一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是 J.N. “Ding” Darling，在从句中做主语。
E.g. Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, who, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society. 艾伦是一个画鸟和自然的画家，由于某种原因，他远离了整个人类社会。
【参考译文】第一张联邦鸭子邮票是由J.N.“丁”达林设计的，他是一位来自洛瓦州得梅因的政治漫画家，当时被富兰克林·罗斯福总统任命为生物调查局局长。
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System --- a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come.
1). a fact是the National Wildlife Refuge System的同位语；that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come是定语从句，先行词是fact，在从句中作主语。
2). 动词不定式to come是后置定语，修饰generations。也可以用现在分词形式表达：all coming generations。
E.g. Perhaps in the years to come we will meet again.（=Perhaps in the coming years we will meet again.） 也许未来几年我们还会见面的。
【参考译文】每枚鸭票中约98美分直接进入候鸟保护基金会，用于购买湿地和野生动物栖息地，纳入国家野生动物庇护系统——这样确保了这片土地得到保护，并对未来所有的后代共同有所帮助。
Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
1). Little wonder... 是It’s little wonder that...的省略。It’s no (little,small) wonder(that)... 意为“......并不奇怪”，“......不足为怪”
E.g. It’s no wonder (that) he failed the exam; he didn’t study at all. 他考不及格不奇怪，他根本就没学。
No wonder (that) you turned down the offer. The conditions were no good. 难怪你拒绝了那个工作机会。条件一点也不好。
2). ever initiated是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰programs，相当于定语从句which had ever been initiated。
E.g. Mrs. White showed her student some old maps borrowed from the library. 怀特夫人像学生们展示了一些从图书馆借来的老地图。（... which had been borrowed...）
【参考译文】难怪联邦鸭票计划被称为有史以来最成功的保护计划之一。
【答案】A C D A
【附：学案】
精 读 高 考 真 题 (三）
高考英语真题是英语学习的宝藏，精读一篇远胜过刷题十篇。相较于教材、日常习题，高考真题的语料更加新颖、更有针对性。长期精读高考真题有利于增强英语学习的信心，从而极大提高学习英语的效率。
一、真题再现
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsman. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat (栖息地).
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory (迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System --- a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
28. What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America
A. Loss of wetlands. B. Popularity of water sports.
C. Pollution of rivers. D. Arrival of other wild animals.
29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph
A. Acquire. B. Export. C. Destroy. D. Distribute.
30. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934
A. The stamp price has gone down. B. The migratory birds have flown away.
C. The hunters have stopped hunting. D. The government has collected money.
31. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. The Federal Duck Stamp Story B. The National Wildlife Refuge System
C. The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl D. The History of Migratory Bird Hunting
（2021年全国新高考I卷阅读理解C篇）
二、语篇导读 本文的语篇类型是说明文，主题语境为人与自然。介绍了联邦鸭邮票的由来，包括鸭邮票产生的背景和目的，以及所带来的结果。
重点单词（词性转换词、熟词生意词、超纲词）和短语
1.explorer n.
explore vt.
2.set foot upon/on
3.astonishing
astonish vt.
4.a variety of
5.take care of
6.resource n.
7.wisely adv.
wise adj.
8.unfortunately adv.
unfortunate adj.
fortunate adj.
9.decimate vt.
10.a large part of
11.millions of
12.handful n.
a handful of
13.overly adv.
over adj.
14.house vt.
15.ever-increasing adj.
16.passage (u)n.
17.increasingly adv.
increasing adj.
increase v.
18.concerned adj.
concern vt.
19.destruction n.
destruct v.
20.be vital to
21.annually adv.
annual adj.
22.cartoonist n.
cartoon n.
23.at that time
24.appoint sb. as
25.bureau n.
bureaucratic adj.
26.biological adj.
biology n.
27.survey n.
28.ensure vt.
sure adj.
29.directly adv.
direct adj.
30.inclusion (u)n.
include vt.
31.refuge (u)n.
32.be available for/to
33.billion n.
half a billion
34.initiate vt.
initiative n.
35.popularity n.
popular adj.
36.go down
37.fly away
四、关键结构和长难句
1. When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife.
介词with用以表示附带状况，可译为___________，______，________等。
E.g.However, ________ this introduction,it ispossible to understand the advantages and disadvantages of the process. 然而通过本介绍，了解这种工艺的优缺点仍是可能的。
【译文】________________________________________________________。
2.Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources.
句中的it是__________，___________是to decimate a large part of these resources；take表示____________________；the explorers and the settlers who followed是____宾语，only a few decades是_______宾语。可改为：Unfortunately, _____________only a few decades _______ the explorers and the settlers who followed________________ a large part of these resources.或Unfortunately, the explorers and the settlers who followed________ only a few decades____________ a large part of these resources.
在“It takes/took sb/sth ... + 动词不定式”结构中，It是______主语，______主语
是后面的动词不定式。可改为“It takes/took ... _________+动词不定式”结构或“__________takes/took ... + 动词不定式”结构。
E.g. _____________ about a dozen students almost five hours _________ the names of 1,622 US soldiers who have died in Iraq. 十几位学生花了近五个钟头，才把1622名死在伊拉克的美国军人的名字写下来。（=__________ almost five hours _____about a dozen students _____________ the names of 1,622 US soldiers who have died in Iraq.或About a dozen students _________ almost five hours _________________ the names of 1,622 US soldiers who have died in Iraq.）
___________ the Unites States 139 years ____________ 100 million people. 美国用了139年才达到一亿人口。（=____________ 139 years ________ the Unites States ________________ 100 million people.或The Unites States __________ 139 years _____________________ 100 million people.）
_____________ her a long time ___________ comfortable in her new school. 他过了很久，才在新学校里感到舒服。（=______________ a long time ______ her ____________ comfortable in her new school.或She __________ a long time____________ comfortable in her new school.）
【译文】__________________________________________________。
3.Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.
1). to feed and house the ever-increasing populations是动词不定式做________，表_______。
2). greatly reducing waterfowl habitat是一个___________做_______，表示_______，其___________是前面Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations这件事。相当于一个________引导的______________：__________ greatly __________ ...。
E.g. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, __________ viewers to
re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products. 他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑，迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系。（= He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage , ______________ viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.）
More highways have been built in China, ________ it much easier for people to
travel form one place to another. 更多的高速公路已在中国被建成，这使得人们从一地到另一地更加容易。（= More highways have been built in China , ___________ it much easier for people to travel form one place to another.）
【译文】_______________________________________________________。
4.In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival.
1). take action to do 采取行动做某事
E.g. The police had_____________________ the riots. 警方不得不采取果断的行动来对付骚乱。
2). so vital to their survival是__________，修饰前面的__________。相当于一个___________：_____________so vital to their survival。
【译文】______________________________________________________。
5.The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey.
1). very常用在______, _______或__________________前，起__________的作用。
E.g. _______________ thing you must do is ring the police. 你必须做的第一件事就是给警察打电话。
They arrived only at _______________ moment. 他们在最后一刻才到。
2). a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa是 J.N. “Ding” Darling的_______，起____________的作用。
3). who引导一个_____________，________是 J.N. “Ding” Darling，在从句中做_____________。
E.g. Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, ________, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society. 艾伦是一个画鸟和自然的画家，由于某种原因，他远离了整个人类社会。
【译文】_______________________________________________________。
6.About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System --- a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come.
1). a fact是the National Wildlife Refuge System的_________；that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come是_________，_______是fact，在从句中作_________。
2). 动词不定式to come是_________，修饰____________。也可以用现在分词形式表达：all ___________ generations。
E.g. Perhaps in the years___________ we will meet again.（=Perhaps in the ___________ years we will meet again.） 也许未来几年我们还会见面的。
【译文】_______________________________________________________。
7.Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
1). Little wonder... 是______ little wonder ________...的省略。It’s no (little,small) wonder(that)... 意为_______________________
E.g. ___________________he failed the exam; he didn’t study at all. 他考不及格不奇怪，他根本就没学。
_______________ you turned down the offer. The conditions were no good. 难怪你拒绝了那个工作机会。条件一点也不好。
2). ever initiated是______________作_____________，修饰______，相当于定语从句____________ ever ______________。
E.g. Mrs. White showed her student some old maps ____________ from the library. 怀特夫人像学生们展示了一些从图书馆借来的老地图。（Mrs. White showed her student some old maps ________________ from the library）
【译文】__________________________________________________。
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