024届高三下学期英语二轮复习七选五--依据词汇线索 讲义-2
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七选五--依据词汇线索
课时安排 1课时
教学内容 七选五--依据词汇线索
教学目标 了解高考七选五出题方式； 掌握七选五解题方法。
教学重点、难点 教学重点； 七选五： 1.七选五考情分析； 2.利用七选五--依据词汇线索技巧点拨 教学难点； 如何使学生掌握七选五--依据词汇线索技巧解题。
1.代词线索 代词的使用主要是为了避免重复。代词一般用于指代前面提到的人或物，有时也用于指代前面提到的名词或概念。巧妙利用这样的指代关系可以帮助我们理解文章内容并选出正确答案。常用代词的指代意义： ①it=单数/不可数名词或整个句子 ②they/them=复数名词 ③ones=泛指的复数名词 ④one=泛指的单数可数名词 ⑤that=特指的单数/不可数名词 ⑥this=单数名词或句子 ⑦these/those=特指的复数名词 典例 [2021·全国甲卷·片段]●Invite 5-10 people so you have a nice selection. 37, and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.( A ) A. Less people than that B. Hold a clothing swap D. Just keep music playing throughout 思路点拨 运用代词线索确定答案：下文中的“more than that”中的“that”指代上文中的“5-10 people”，而A项中的“that”指的也是上文中的“5-10 people”，且A项中的“Less...than”与下文中的“more than”相呼应。故选A。 真题体验 1. [2021·浙江1月卷·片段]If there are three lines in the store, delays will happen randomly at different registers. Think about the probability: D So it's not just in your mind: Another line probably is moving faster. Researchers have a good way to deal with this problem. Make all customers stand in one long， snaking line—called a serpentine line—and serve each person at the front with the next available register. 34 This is what they do at most banks and fast-food restaurants. With a serpentine line， a long delay at one register won't unfairly punish the people who lined up behind it. Instead， it will slow down everyone a little bit but speed up checkout overall.( F ) A. Why does this always seem to happen to you B. So why don't most places encourage serpentine lines C. Some of them may have stood in a queue for almost an hour. D. The chances of your line being the fastest are only one in three. E. How high is the probability that you are in the fastest waiting line F. With three registers， this method is much faster than the traditional approach. G. But sometimes， as on a Sunday afternoon， the system gets particularly busy. [解析]前一段提到如果商店中排起了三个结账的队伍，那么结账时延误情况的出现是随机的。本段提到研究人员为解决这一问题想出了一个好办法：让所有人排成一个蛇形队伍，排在最前面的人到可用的收银机处结账。F 项说明该方法呈现的结果，其中this method指代上文提出的办法。空后的This也指代该方法。故选F。 2. （经典高考） ●Ask questions. Do not be afraid to ask your doctor any questions you have. To remember all the questions you have when you are not in the doctor's office, write them down and bring the list with you to your appointment. 40 Remember—there's no such thing as a stupid question. If you don't understand the answer to a question, ask the doctor to explain it again until you do understand.( A ) A. This will make getting answers easier. B. Here are some tips for talking with your doctor. C. You can talk to another doctor if the treatments don't work. D. Before your doctor's visit, keep notes on how you are feeling. [解析]空前一句讲到当你不在诊室的时候，写下你所有的问题，赴约的时候，随身带着问题清单，而空后一句则讲到记住——没有什么问题是愚蠢的问题，因此该空讲的应该是写下问题的好处，A项中This指代上一句的内容。A项This will make getting answers easier.（这将使获得答案更容易。）正好可以连接上下文，故选A。 2.词汇复现 词汇复现是指词语的重复出现，但这里不是指简单的原词重现，而是指某词语可能以不同词类、词性、数、格、时态、语态等形式出现，还可能以同义词、近义词、上下义词甚至反义词等形式出现。 典例 [2021·全国乙卷·片段]And what about that other dinner-party killer: awkward silence If you're faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment（赞扬）. 40. Just quickly turn around and say, “This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.”( G ) D. Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers E. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say F. What about that person who has had too much to drink or won't stop talking G. He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most 思路点拨 第一步：阅读段落首句，找出文中出现的关键词:awkward。 第二步：运用词汇复现法，寻找选项中与awkward相关的词汇：本段主要讲面对“dinner-party killer：awkward silence（晚宴杀手：尴尬的沉默）”时应该怎么办。根据空前的“the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment”可知，解决办法是赞扬晚宴的主人，G项“他或她是最能感受到这种尴尬的人”符合语境。G项中的“He or she”指代上文的“the host”，“awkwardness”是上文中的“awkward”的同根复现词。故选G。 真题体验 3. [2022·新高考Ⅱ卷·片段]The third technique is to try printing out a triple-spaced（三倍行距） copy to allow space for revision. 39 As a result, these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks（大块） of their draft and writing revisions in the blank space. After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter your changes into your word processor. G The resulting blank space invites you to revise.( F ) E. Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time. F. Many beginning writers don't leave enough space to revise. G. Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space. [解析]本段首句提到“第三种方法是尝试打印出三倍行距的复件，以便有修改的空间”，关键词为space for revision；F选项中的space和空前的space相呼应，revise和空前的revision相呼应，指出了初学写作的人的常见做法，且其中的Many beginning writers和空后的these writers相呼应，故F选项承上启下，符合语境。故选F。 4. [2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·片段]You and your partner will probably have different skills. 40 Over time, both of you will benefit—your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.( F ) A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward. B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by. C. You'll work harder if you train with someone else. D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other. G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information. [解析]空前提到你和你的搭档可能有不同的技能，空后提到随着时间的推移，你和你的搭档都会受益，由此可以推断F项“接受你们的不同，学会彼此合作”承上启下，符合语境。并且F项中的differences与空前的different相呼应。故选F。 对点精练 [2023·黑龙江、吉林、安徽、云南四省联考]A 语篇类型：说明文 主题语境： 人与自然 There has been a very serious decline in the numbers of shallow-water fish as a result of overfishing. People still want to eat fish, so the fishing industry must look at other sources, especially the deep waters of the Atlantic. 1G Conservation measures will have to be put in place if these deep-sea fish are to survive. Research on five such species shows that numbers have declined by between 87 percent and 98 percent. 2D Many species could well disappear completely if the present trend continues. These are species that have been swimming in our oceans for hundreds of millions of years. The problem is emphasized by the fact that the decline in numbers happened in less than twenty years. Deep-sea fish take a long time to reproduce and normally live for many years.3C The average size of such fish also declined, with one species showing a 57 percent decline in average size. This is of particular concern, as large fish tend to produce more offspring than small ones. 4E The deep-sea species have been caught as if they were the fast-breeding（快速繁殖） fish like sardines and herrings. It is like killing elephants as if they reproduced at the same rate as rabbits. The damage done by overfishing goes beyond the sea environment. Millions of people make a living in the fishing industry. 5A Measures must be taken to not only conserve ecosystems, but also sustain livelihood and ensure food security. A.Billions of people rely on fish for protein. B.Many people now choose not to eat deep-sea fish. C.Unfortunately, their reproduction rate is very low. D.This puts them in the category of “critically endangered”. E.None of these facts has been taken into account by the fishing industry. F.Overfishing is a major cause of the decline in populations of ocean wildlife. G.This has resulted in a sharp decline in the numbers of many of the species caught. 1. G [解析]根据上文“人们仍然想吃鱼，因此渔业必须寻找其他来源，特别是大西洋的深水域”推知，设空处承接上文，说明以上做法导致的不良后果。G选项“这导致许多被捕获物种的数量急剧下降”能很好地承接上文，G项中的This指代上文寻找其他来源的做法。故选G项。 2. D [解析]根据上文“对5种这样的物种的研究表明，数量下降了87%到98%”可知，数量大幅下降。故D选项“这使得它们被归为‘极度濒危’物种”切题，this指代上文提到的“numbers have declined by between 87 percent and 98 percent”,them指代空前的five such species。故选D项。 3. C [解析]根据上文“深海鱼类需要很长时间繁殖，通常可以活很多年”可推知，空处应承接上文说明深海鱼类的繁殖问题。故C选项“不幸的是，它们的繁殖率非常低”切题。其中的reproduction是上文中的reproduce的同根词复现。故选C项。 4. E [解析]根据下文“深海鱼一直被捕获，仿佛它们是诸如沙丁鱼和鲱鱼之类的快速繁殖的鱼。这就和猎杀大象一样，仿佛它们的繁殖速度和兔子一样快”可知，渔业忽略了一些物种繁殖速度慢的事实。故E选项“渔业没有考虑到这些事实”正确。 5. A [解析]上文“Millions of people make a living in the fishing industry.（数百万人以渔业为生）”说明渔业对人的重要性。A选项“数十亿人依赖鱼类获取蛋白质”切题，与上文是并列关系。故选A项。
课时安排 1课时
教学内容 七选五--依据词汇线索
教学目标 了解高考七选五出题方式； 掌握七选五解题方法。
教学重点、难点 教学重点； 七选五： 1.七选五考情分析； 2.利用七选五--依据词汇线索技巧点拨 教学难点； 如何使学生掌握七选五--依据词汇线索技巧解题。
1.代词线索 代词的使用主要是为了避免重复。代词一般用于指代前面提到的人或物，有时也用于指代前面提到的名词或概念。巧妙利用这样的指代关系可以帮助我们理解文章内容并选出正确答案。常用代词的指代意义： ①it=单数/不可数名词或整个句子 ②they/them=复数名词 ③ones=泛指的复数名词 ④one=泛指的单数可数名词 ⑤that=特指的单数/不可数名词 ⑥this=单数名词或句子 ⑦these/those=特指的复数名词 典例 [2021·全国甲卷·片段]●Invite 5-10 people so you have a nice selection. 37, and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.( A ) A. Less people than that B. Hold a clothing swap D. Just keep music playing throughout 思路点拨 运用代词线索确定答案：下文中的“more than that”中的“that”指代上文中的“5-10 people”，而A项中的“that”指的也是上文中的“5-10 people”，且A项中的“Less...than”与下文中的“more than”相呼应。故选A。 真题体验 1. [2021·浙江1月卷·片段]If there are three lines in the store, delays will happen randomly at different registers. Think about the probability: D So it's not just in your mind: Another line probably is moving faster. Researchers have a good way to deal with this problem. Make all customers stand in one long， snaking line—called a serpentine line—and serve each person at the front with the next available register. 34 This is what they do at most banks and fast-food restaurants. With a serpentine line， a long delay at one register won't unfairly punish the people who lined up behind it. Instead， it will slow down everyone a little bit but speed up checkout overall.( F ) A. Why does this always seem to happen to you B. So why don't most places encourage serpentine lines C. Some of them may have stood in a queue for almost an hour. D. The chances of your line being the fastest are only one in three. E. How high is the probability that you are in the fastest waiting line F. With three registers， this method is much faster than the traditional approach. G. But sometimes， as on a Sunday afternoon， the system gets particularly busy. [解析]前一段提到如果商店中排起了三个结账的队伍，那么结账时延误情况的出现是随机的。本段提到研究人员为解决这一问题想出了一个好办法：让所有人排成一个蛇形队伍，排在最前面的人到可用的收银机处结账。F 项说明该方法呈现的结果，其中this method指代上文提出的办法。空后的This也指代该方法。故选F。 2. （经典高考） ●Ask questions. Do not be afraid to ask your doctor any questions you have. To remember all the questions you have when you are not in the doctor's office, write them down and bring the list with you to your appointment. 40 Remember—there's no such thing as a stupid question. If you don't understand the answer to a question, ask the doctor to explain it again until you do understand.( A ) A. This will make getting answers easier. B. Here are some tips for talking with your doctor. C. You can talk to another doctor if the treatments don't work. D. Before your doctor's visit, keep notes on how you are feeling. [解析]空前一句讲到当你不在诊室的时候，写下你所有的问题，赴约的时候，随身带着问题清单，而空后一句则讲到记住——没有什么问题是愚蠢的问题，因此该空讲的应该是写下问题的好处，A项中This指代上一句的内容。A项This will make getting answers easier.（这将使获得答案更容易。）正好可以连接上下文，故选A。 2.词汇复现 词汇复现是指词语的重复出现，但这里不是指简单的原词重现，而是指某词语可能以不同词类、词性、数、格、时态、语态等形式出现，还可能以同义词、近义词、上下义词甚至反义词等形式出现。 典例 [2021·全国乙卷·片段]And what about that other dinner-party killer: awkward silence If you're faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment（赞扬）. 40. Just quickly turn around and say, “This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.”( G ) D. Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers E. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say F. What about that person who has had too much to drink or won't stop talking G. He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most 思路点拨 第一步：阅读段落首句，找出文中出现的关键词:awkward。 第二步：运用词汇复现法，寻找选项中与awkward相关的词汇：本段主要讲面对“dinner-party killer：awkward silence（晚宴杀手：尴尬的沉默）”时应该怎么办。根据空前的“the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment”可知，解决办法是赞扬晚宴的主人，G项“他或她是最能感受到这种尴尬的人”符合语境。G项中的“He or she”指代上文的“the host”，“awkwardness”是上文中的“awkward”的同根复现词。故选G。 真题体验 3. [2022·新高考Ⅱ卷·片段]The third technique is to try printing out a triple-spaced（三倍行距） copy to allow space for revision. 39 As a result, these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks（大块） of their draft and writing revisions in the blank space. After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter your changes into your word processor. G The resulting blank space invites you to revise.( F ) E. Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time. F. Many beginning writers don't leave enough space to revise. G. Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space. [解析]本段首句提到“第三种方法是尝试打印出三倍行距的复件，以便有修改的空间”，关键词为space for revision；F选项中的space和空前的space相呼应，revise和空前的revision相呼应，指出了初学写作的人的常见做法，且其中的Many beginning writers和空后的these writers相呼应，故F选项承上启下，符合语境。故选F。 4. [2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·片段]You and your partner will probably have different skills. 40 Over time, both of you will benefit—your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.( F ) A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward. B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by. C. You'll work harder if you train with someone else. D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other. G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information. [解析]空前提到你和你的搭档可能有不同的技能，空后提到随着时间的推移，你和你的搭档都会受益，由此可以推断F项“接受你们的不同，学会彼此合作”承上启下，符合语境。并且F项中的differences与空前的different相呼应。故选F。 对点精练 [2023·黑龙江、吉林、安徽、云南四省联考]A 语篇类型：说明文 主题语境： 人与自然 There has been a very serious decline in the numbers of shallow-water fish as a result of overfishing. People still want to eat fish, so the fishing industry must look at other sources, especially the deep waters of the Atlantic. 1G Conservation measures will have to be put in place if these deep-sea fish are to survive. Research on five such species shows that numbers have declined by between 87 percent and 98 percent. 2D Many species could well disappear completely if the present trend continues. These are species that have been swimming in our oceans for hundreds of millions of years. The problem is emphasized by the fact that the decline in numbers happened in less than twenty years. Deep-sea fish take a long time to reproduce and normally live for many years.3C The average size of such fish also declined, with one species showing a 57 percent decline in average size. This is of particular concern, as large fish tend to produce more offspring than small ones. 4E The deep-sea species have been caught as if they were the fast-breeding（快速繁殖） fish like sardines and herrings. It is like killing elephants as if they reproduced at the same rate as rabbits. The damage done by overfishing goes beyond the sea environment. Millions of people make a living in the fishing industry. 5A Measures must be taken to not only conserve ecosystems, but also sustain livelihood and ensure food security. A.Billions of people rely on fish for protein. B.Many people now choose not to eat deep-sea fish. C.Unfortunately, their reproduction rate is very low. D.This puts them in the category of “critically endangered”. E.None of these facts has been taken into account by the fishing industry. F.Overfishing is a major cause of the decline in populations of ocean wildlife. G.This has resulted in a sharp decline in the numbers of many of the species caught. 1. G [解析]根据上文“人们仍然想吃鱼，因此渔业必须寻找其他来源，特别是大西洋的深水域”推知，设空处承接上文，说明以上做法导致的不良后果。G选项“这导致许多被捕获物种的数量急剧下降”能很好地承接上文，G项中的This指代上文寻找其他来源的做法。故选G项。 2. D [解析]根据上文“对5种这样的物种的研究表明，数量下降了87%到98%”可知，数量大幅下降。故D选项“这使得它们被归为‘极度濒危’物种”切题，this指代上文提到的“numbers have declined by between 87 percent and 98 percent”,them指代空前的five such species。故选D项。 3. C [解析]根据上文“深海鱼类需要很长时间繁殖，通常可以活很多年”可推知，空处应承接上文说明深海鱼类的繁殖问题。故C选项“不幸的是，它们的繁殖率非常低”切题。其中的reproduction是上文中的reproduce的同根词复现。故选C项。 4. E [解析]根据下文“深海鱼一直被捕获，仿佛它们是诸如沙丁鱼和鲱鱼之类的快速繁殖的鱼。这就和猎杀大象一样，仿佛它们的繁殖速度和兔子一样快”可知，渔业忽略了一些物种繁殖速度慢的事实。故E选项“渔业没有考虑到这些事实”正确。 5. A [解析]上文“Millions of people make a living in the fishing industry.（数百万人以渔业为生）”说明渔业对人的重要性。A选项“数十亿人依赖鱼类获取蛋白质”切题，与上文是并列关系。故选A项。