-2024届高三下学期英语二轮复习七选五--根据逻辑关系 讲义

七选五--根据逻辑关系
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教学内容 七选五--根据逻辑关系
教学目标 了解高考七选五出题方式； 掌握七选五解题方法。
教学重点、难点 教学重点； 七选五： 1.七选五考情分析； 2.利用七选五--根据逻辑关系技巧点拨 教学难点； 如何使学生掌握七选五--根据逻辑关系技巧解题。
第二节 根据逻辑关系 从逻辑关系上来看，句子之间有并列、递进、顺承、转折、类比、对比、解释、因果、例证等关系，有时甚至包含不止一种关系。因此，理解七选五的材料时一定要把握文章脉络，弄清其中的逻辑关系。如果文中或选项中出现了逻辑关系词，考生可以利用其进行推理判断；如果文中或选项中未出现逻辑关系词，考生需要全面理解文章大意，根据上下文语境弄清文章内在的逻辑关系，作出正确的判断。 技法点拨 1.并列、递进 典例 [2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·片段]Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was: “You'll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,” while another read: “C” With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle（微妙） competition. So, how do you find a workout partner First of all, decide what you want from that person. 37 Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.( D ) A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward. B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by. C. You'll work harder if you train with someone else. D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other. G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information. 思路点拨 第一步：根据上下文判断，本题考查并列关系。 第二步：寻找标志词语，根据语境确定答案。根据下文“Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility？”中的“Or”可知，空处和下句为并列关系，也应是在提出问题，所以答案锁定在D项和E项之间；再结合上下文句意可知，空处应与“明确你找健身伙伴的目的”有关，故D项“你想在你最喜欢的体育运动上成为一个更好的运动型的人吗？”符合语境。故选D。 真题体验 1. [2023·全国乙卷·片段]Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home. 36, but studies have shown that they can promote people's wellbeing by improving their mood（心情）, reducing stress and helping their memory. What's more, indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive. What are indoor plants ( B ) A. All plants are different B. Not only do they look beautiful C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors D. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer E. Plants like peace lilies and devil's ivy are among the best F. Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding [解析]第一步：根据上下文判断，本题考查递进关系。 第二步：寻找标志词语。根据下文“而且研究表明，它们可以通过改善情绪、减轻压力和帮助增强记忆力来促进人们的健康”可知，此处与下文是递进关系，构成not only...but（also）...“不仅……而且……”结构。由此可知，B项 （它们不仅看起来很漂亮）能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选B。 2.类比、转折或对比 典例 （经典高考） Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking. 16 Do you want to be a good public speaker Here are some principles you must master.( G ) A. Do the opposite. B. You want to be an effective public speaker. C. You don't need to apologize for a minor slip. D. When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more. E. The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience. F. Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners. G. However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be. 思路点拨 第一步：根据上下文及语境判断，本题考查转折关系。 第二步：根据上文“Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking.”及下文“Do you want to be a good public speaker Here are some principles you must master.”可知，空格处应表示转折，即并非每个人都有演讲的天赋，大部分人是经过训练才成为给人深刻印象的演讲者的。G项（然而,大多数的人都是因为他们受过训练而成为给人深刻印象的演讲者的。）符合语境。上文中的Some individuals对应G项中的the majority of people, born with a gift对应G项中的train to be。故选G。 真题体验 2. [2021·浙江6月卷·片段]Language is certainly a barrier for many people. For postcrossing to work worldwide, a common communication language is needed so that everyone can understand each other. As cool as it may be to receive a postcard written in Chinese, the concept doesn't work if one doesn't understand it. 34 So a common language is required and in postcrossing that's English since it's widely spoken.( F ) B. That makes it extra hard to learn and practice it. F. Similarly, if you speak only Chinese, receiving a card in Swedish takes part of the fun away. [解析]第一步：根据段落结构及语境判断，本题考查类比关系。 第二步：寻找标志词语。空前提到虽然收到一张用汉语写的明信片可能很酷，但如果你不懂汉语，你就看不懂意思。空后句得出结论：所以需要一种通用的语言……。因此，空处应继续说明与空前句相同的观点。F项中的Similarly说明空处和空前句为类比关系，F项“同样，如果你只会说中文，收到一张瑞典语的明信片也会让你失去部分乐趣。”符合语境。故选F。 3. [2022·新高考Ⅱ卷·片段]The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect. 38 Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled（弄皱） paper. Think of your first draft as a path cut out of the jungle—as part of an exploration, not as a complete highway.( E ) A. Make sure your handwriting is neat. B. Let your pen follow the waves of thought. C. The second draft of the essay should be better. D. First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing. E. Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time. F. Many beginning writers don't leave enough space to revise. G. Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space. [解析]第一步：根据段落结构和语境判断，空处和下文是转折关系。 第二步：空后句说明了容忍文章不完美带来的好处，而且后句开头为Yet,表转折,由此可推断本句应表达一种与之相反的现状:在初稿写作中追求完美。E项中的短语get...right与空前句的being perfect意思相近。E项“太多的作者试图在第一次就把草稿写好。”符合语境，故选E。 3.解释、例证 典例 [2023·全国乙卷·片段]Which plants can you grow Aloe vera, peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species that are easy to grow indoors. You can buy plants from supermarkets, garden centres or online. Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature—which is part of the joy of owning plants. “40,” Spoelstra says. “It can bring a new interest and focus into people's lives and help to make the link between home and nature.”( G ) D. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer E. Plants like peace lilies and devil's ivy are among the best F. Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding 思路点拨 第一步：根据语境判断，空后句是对设空处观点的进一步解释。 第二步：寻找上下文关键信息，根据语境确定答案。根据上文“植物幼苗通常比完全成熟的植株便宜，而且你可以在它们成熟过程中照顾它们——这是拥有植物的乐趣的一部分。”可知，上文介绍的是照顾室内植物的事。由此可知，G选项“了解每种植物的需求是非常有益的”能够承接上文，同时引起下文，下文“它可以为人们的生活带来新的兴趣和关注点，并有助于建立家庭与自然之间的联系”具体介绍了了解每种植物的需求的好处。故选G。 真题体验 4. [2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·片段]In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency（效率）. You can tell this by café life. French cafés are always crowded. 40 When do these people work The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously—so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.( A ) A. Not all the customers are tourists. B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent. [解析]第一步：根据段落结构和语境判断，本题考查解释、例证关系。第二步：寻找上下文关键信息。根据空前句“在法国，生活质量比效率重要得多。这一点你可以通过咖啡馆生活看出来。法国的咖啡馆总是很拥挤。”可知，咖啡馆里顾客很多。空后句“When do these people work （这些人什么时候工作？）”是一个问句。因此，空处应承接上文说明咖啡馆里的客人的情况。A选项中customers符合咖啡馆的情境设定，同时讲述了不是所有的客人都是游客，那么意味着还有很多人是当地人，引出下文的提问。故选A。 5. （经典高考） There are three main types of cryptography. 37For example, the first letters of“My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”( E ) C. Only people who know the keyword can read the message. D. As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them. E. You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out. F. With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words. G. Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet. [解析]第一步：根据段落结构判断，本题考查例证关系。 第二步：寻找标志词语，根据语境确定答案。根据下文For example可知，空处和空后句为例证关系。空前句说密码学有三种主要形式,空后句举例说明密码学的形式,空后的the first letters、spell out、the hidden message分别照应E选项中的the first letters、spell it out、hide a message。故选E。 4.因果关系 典例 [2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·片段]My husband and I just spent a week in Paris. 36 So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard. It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway.( F ) A. Not all the customers are tourists. B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent. C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed. E. That's not the only reason the French eat less than we do. F. Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians. 思路点拨 寻找上下文关键信息。根据空后提示词“So”可知，空处与下文形成因果关系。空前提到“我和丈夫刚刚在巴黎待了一周”，空后提到“所以，我们做的第一件事情就是花大价钱租了一个橱柜大小、位于六层的公寓”。F选项“我们的目的是看一下在某种程度上我们是否能像真正的巴黎人一样生活。”是下文租公寓的原因，符合本段语境。故选F。 真题体验 6. [2022·浙江6月卷·片段]I have a drawer full of letters to Santa. Each year my children would write up their Christmas wish lists. They were polite requests for the latest game or toy. As the children got older, they would give Santa some hints（提示） on where to buy their presents. 31 Those letters taught my children a valuable lesson about writing: It has a purpose. Sometimes our purpose is to achieve something;other times it may be to entertain, inform, or persuade. B And when writing doesn't seem to have any purpose or get any kind of meaningful response, then it can be hard to get excited about doing it.( D ) A. It isn't that these young people can't write. B. But it is always purposeful—or at least it should be. C. The age of pen-and-paper letter writing may have passed. D. As a result, each year they received something they wanted. E. You write “Hi Nanna and Pop” because you are close to them. F. As technology develops, young people are writing more than they ever have. G. But if this is the only kind of writing young people do, it will cause problems. [解析]寻找上下文关键信息。空前提到，“随着孩子们逐渐长大，他们会给圣诞老人一些提示，告诉他去哪里买他们的礼物”。浏览选项可知，D项“结果，他们每年都会收到他们想要的东西。”为孩子们给圣诞老人一些提示的结果：收到心仪的礼物。前后为明显的因果关系。故选D。 对点精练 [2022·全国乙卷]A 语篇类型：说明文 主题语境： 人与社会 Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain（保持） long-distance friendships. ·Set a regular date Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact（联系） and share with one another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. 1D. ·More isn't always merrier Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. 2E. There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat. ·Practise empathy（共情） 3G. The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned. ·4A Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends' birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you. ·Don't rely on technology alone 5F, but long-distance friendships—even close ones—may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible. A.Remember important dates B.Compensate by writing letters C.It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper D.Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it E.Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication F.It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media G.You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind 1. D [解析]考查细节句。根据小标题Set a regular date可知，本段围绕“设定固定联系时间”展开。设空前一句“With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge.（在繁忙的日程中，挤出时间打电话可能都是一个挑战。）”表示设定固定联系时间的必要性。故选D项（努力找一个对你们双方都合适的时间，并坚持下去）。 2. E [解析]考查细节句。根据设空前一句“Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both.（确保你已经和朋友沟通过你们每个人想要联系的频率以及对你们双方都有效的方式。）”可知，本段应包含“频率”和“方式”两方面信息。设空前谈及交流的频率，设空后一句涉及交流的方式。故选E项（朋友需要谈论他们喜欢的交流方式）。B项有较强干扰性。“Compensate by writing letters（可以通过写信的方式补偿）”虽围绕交流方式展开，但上文中并没有提及不科学的交流方式，并且需要通过写信沟通的方式来弥补。故排除B项。 3. G [解析]考查细节句。根据设空后“The friend who is remaining（留下来的朋友）”可推测出设空处应含有与之相对应的概念。故选G项（你可能是那个离开的朋友，也可能是那个被留下的朋友）。 4. A [解析]考查主旨句。根据文中关键词Anniversaries和birthdays可知本段涉及特殊日子对维系友谊的重要性。故选A项（牢记重要日期）。 5. F [解析]考查细节句。根据设空后“but long-distance friendships—even close ones—may require more conscious effort to sustain（但是远距离的友谊——甚至是亲密的关系——可能需要更多有意识的努力来维系）”中关键词but可知，前后为转折关系，且小标题中的technology与F项中social media为近似概念。故选F项（通过社交媒体很容易产生一种联系感）。