-2024届高三下学期英语二轮复习专项完形填空 --分析语境和逻辑关系 讲义
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| 名称 | -2024届高三下学期英语二轮复习专项完形填空 --分析语境和逻辑关系 讲义 |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2024-04-03 21:39:07 | ||
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Period 2 完形填空 ----分析语境和逻辑关系
课时安排 1课时
教学内容 完形填空
教学目标 使学生能够掌握完形填空微技能之分析语境和逻辑关系
教学重点、难点 教学重点； 完形填空微技能技巧点拨： 1.利用分析语境，选出正确选项； 2.利用逻辑关系，选出正确选项。 教学难点； 如何利用微技能解题技巧正确答题。
技法点拨 1.语境提示 完形填空在命题设计上有朝着深层次化和语境化方面挖掘的趋势。有些词语在特定的语境中所表达的隐含信息无法从字面或个别句子甚至若干句子的表面理解中获知。这就加强了干扰项的迷惑性，从而提高了试题的难度。因此，只有借助对上下文乃至全文语境的理解，才能作出准确的判断。 做完形填空题时，学生要注意反复校正，前文的某个题可能需要把整篇文章读完才能得出答案，不要试图只阅读一两句话就能把正确答案选出来，要关注文章内容之间的联系。 在快速通读全文和仔细研读全文的过程中，体会特定语境下能够反映出主人公态度和情感色彩的关键词汇，即能够准确表达当时主人公喜、怒、哀、乐等情感态度的名词、动词、形容词或副词。 典例 [2022·全国甲卷·片段]He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs. In that moment, I began to fall for him. We continued to date, though neither of us brought up the future... A year later, much to my 58, this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me. He did not kneel（跪） down, nor did I need him to. That's only for giving water to the dogs that brought us together. 58. ( A ) A. delight B. credit C. interest D. disadvantage 思路点拨 考查名词。句意：一年后，令我非常高兴的是，这个男人拿出一个装着戒指的小盒子向我求婚。前文讲述了他们相爱并约会，一年后这个男人向作者求婚，作者当然很高兴。to one's delight“令某人高兴的是”。故选A项。 真题体验 1. [2023·全国甲卷·片段]But when we looked at the tomatoes, we were 46 because they were so misshapen: not at all like the nice, round, shiny things you get in a supermarket. And the wine was cloudy, in a funny old bottle with no label（标签） on it. These can't be any good, we thought. 46. ( A ) A. worried B. moved C. thrilled D. bored [解析]考查形容词。句意：但当我们看着这些西红柿时，我们很发愁，因为它们是非常畸形的：一点也不像你在超市里买到的那种漂亮的、圆的、闪亮的西红柿的样子。根据空后because they were so misshapen...in a supermarket可知，西红柿长得很畸形，因此此处表示“发愁的”。故选A项。 2. [2021·全国甲卷·片段]Burchill was staying at the hotel on business and planning to visit some friends in the area. They had asked him to bring some pepperoni（辣香肠） from back east. So he filled a suitcase full of pepperoni. As he was 45 that it would be too warm, he laid it out on the table near an open window. He thought his pepperoni was 47 and well chilled（冷却） and he left. 45. ( D ) A. surprised B. pleased C. excited D. worried [解析]考查形容词。句意：由于他担心天气太暖和，所以他把它摊开放在靠近开着的窗户的桌子上。根据下文it would be too warm可知，天气太暖和，所以主人公担心这些辣香肠会坏掉。故选D项。 47. ( B ) A. delicious B. safe C. soft D. ready [解析]考查形容词。根据前文可知，他因为担心辣香肠会坏掉，就把辣香肠摊开放在了靠近开着的窗户的桌子上。主人公认为这样辣香肠就安全了，不会坏掉了。故选B项。 3. [2023·新课标Ⅱ卷·片段]It just happened that I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen, who offered to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia. What I was to do was fly to Topeka to pick up Tiffy. When I met Tiffy's owners, they seemed very nervous. George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was 48 for him, having to leave his dog to a stranger and trust that everything would work out. 48. ( A ) A. hard B. fine C. common D. lucky [解析]考查形容词。句意：丈夫George尽力冷静下来，但我能看得出来，这对他来说很难，因为要把狗交给一个陌生人，而且要相信一切都会进展顺利。根据语境可知，要把宠物狗交给陌生人运送，还要相信一切都会进展顺利，这对主人来说的确有点难（hard）。故选A项。 2.逻辑关系 完形填空中对语篇逻辑关系的考查主要有两种：一是考查表示逻辑关系的词的用法；二是考查通过逻辑关系推断出的文章内容。做题时，一定要重视语篇中上下文之间的逻辑关系，由逻辑关系中的已知部分推断出未知的部分。高考英语完形填空中主要考查的逻辑关系包含以下几种： （1）对立关系 包括让步和转折关系，常见的标志词和短语有but、however、yet、on the contrary、unfortunately、although、nevertheless、in spite of、regardless of、anyhow等。 （2）并列、递进关系 在用并列连词and、not only...but also...等把两个互相独立的简单句连接而成的复合句中，前后分句之间的逻辑关系为并列关系。解题时，可通过其中一个简单句推知另一个简单句的相关内容。递进关系是指后一分句以前一分句为基点，并在程度或范围上比前一分句有更进一层的语义关系。常见的表示递进关系的词和短语有even、besides、what's more等。 （3）因果关系 文中前后句之间是因果关系时，两句之间往往有表示原因和结果的词或短语，如because、so、as a result等；但是，有时两句之间没有表示因果的词语，只是前后句在语义上存在着一种隐性的因果关系。 （4）条件关系 条件关系是指从句提出一种条件，主句说明在这种条件下产生的结果。常见标志词和短语有if、unless、as/so long as、on condition that等。 （5）例证关系 例证关系是指一个句子对另一个句子、短语或单词进行解释或说明，既可通过某些动词（mean、be、suggest等），也可通过某些符号（破折号、冒号等）或者标志词或短语（for example、for instance、 namely等）解释。 典例1 [2022·全国甲卷·片段]For many years, I enjoyed living with my dogs, Tilly and Chance. Their companionship was nearly enough to keep my loneliness at bay. Nearly. Last year, I started dating, but with reservations. When I first dated Steve, I learned he had a dog, Molly, and a cat, Flora. While I was 44 that he was an animal lover, I 45 that three dogs were perhaps too many, and my dogs might attack Flora, the cat. 44. ( D ) A. unsatisfied B. amused C. terrified D. thrilled 思路点拨 考查形容词。句意：虽然我很高兴他是个动物爱好者，但我又担心三条狗可能太多了，我的狗可能会攻击他的猫——弗洛拉。根据上文可知，作者是一个喜欢宠物狗的人，所以当得知与她约会的Steve也喜欢小动物时，作者非常兴奋。故选D项。 45. ( B ) A. predicted B. worried C. regretted D. insisted 思路点拨 考查动词。本句中表示逻辑关系的关键词是While，在此处引导让步状语从句，表达“虽然/尽管”之意。主句和从句是让步关系，因此设空处单词表达的含义应与thrilled相反。故选B项。 典例2 [2022·全国乙卷·片段]Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. For them, there's something highly exciting about escaping someone else's glance and making oneself unable to be seen. However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably 42 at hiding. They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies exposed. 42. ( B ) A. clever B. bad C. scared D. quick 思路点拨 考查形容词。句意：然而，我们都注意到学龄前儿童非常不善于隐藏。 上文提到全世界的小孩都喜欢玩捉迷藏的游戏并说明该游戏需要躲避别人的目光，让自己不被看见。根据表示逻辑关系的词However可知，前后文在意思上是转折关系。小孩们喜欢捉迷藏，但是他们并不善于躲藏。故选B项。 真题体验 4. [2023·全国乙卷·片段]To become the Olympic champion in the individual（个人） all-around event, Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she knew best. She had to pack up her bedroom in Virginia. She had to say goodbye to her two dogs and to the beach, where she loved to ride waves on her board. But it was time to take the leap（飞跃）, however 46 it would be. Even at 14, Douglas knew that. 46. ( B ) A. breathtaking B. heartbreaking C. eye-catching D. head-spinning [解析]考查形容词。句意：但是,这是迈出重要一步的时候了，无论这将多么令人心碎。前面描述了 Douglas不得不离开自己熟悉的一切。根据语境可推断出，这是很令人心碎的时刻。故选B项。 5. （经典高考） When he was 16,Molai began to notice something disturbing happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the damage it caused had driven away a number of birds. 25, the number of snakes had declined as well. 25. ( A ) A. Besides B. However C. Therefore D. Otherwise [解析]考查副词。段落首句说明莫莱开始注意到他家的周围发生了一些令人不安的事情。空前句描述洪水带来的破坏让大量的鸟都飞走了，空后提到蛇的数量减少。这两句是并列关系，都是在描述前文提到的令人不安的事情。故选A项。 对点精练 [2022·新高考Ⅱ卷]A 语篇类型：记叙文 主题语境： 人与自我 Like many young people, Jessica wants to travel the globe. Unlike most of them, this 25-year-old is doing it1D. She and her husband have spent the last two years traveling the world, stopping everywhere from Paris to Singapore. It might sound like one long, expensive2C, but the couple has an unusual way to make their travel3D. They're part of a new form of the 4C economy: an online group of house sitters. Throughout their no-cost stays in5A homes, they feed pets and water plants in the homeowner's 6D. It's not all sightseeing. The two travelers carefully 7A their trips, scheduling their days around the pets that are sometimes difficult to8D. But house sitting also offers a level of 9B they can't find in a hotel. “It's like10B at a friend's house,” Jessica says. The couple has a high11A rate in getting accepted as house sitters and they always go beyond the homeowner's12C. For Jessica, that means13C plenty of pictures of happy pets, keeping the house14A and leaving a nice small gift before heading to the next house. “You want to make the homeowner feel that they made the right15B,” she says. 1. ( D ) A. indoors B. online C. single-handed D. full-time [解析]前文提到Jessica想环游世界，但和大部分人不一样，后句提到Jessica夫妇在过去两年里环游世界，从巴黎到新加坡，在每一个地方停留，由此可知，Jessica夫妇两年来都在旅行，所以是全职（full-time）旅游。 2. ( C ) A. game B. service C. vacation D. procedure [解析]结合前面的traveling可知，此处表示“这可能听起来像一个时间长、花费高的假期（vacation）”。 3. ( D ) A. safe B. busy C. helpful D. affordable [解析]由but可知，此处应该选择与expensive语义相反的词，affordable（负担得起的）符合语境。 4. ( C ) A. local B. private C. sharing D. agricultural [解析]根据冒号后解释说明的内容以及后面的no-cost stays可知，代人照看房子是共享（sharing）经济的一种新形式。 5. ( A ) A. strangers' B. parents' C. co-workers' D. neighbors' [解析]由该空前句中的an online group of house sitters可知，这些人是一群活跃在网络上为陌生人（strangers'）临时照看他们的房屋的人。 6. ( D ) A. favor B. defense C. honor D. absence [解析]通过上文中提到的house sitters可知，他们在房主不在家（absence）时，帮助其喂养宠物、浇灌植物。 7. ( A ) A. plan B. explain C. compare D. complete [解析]根据本段第一句“这不全是旅游观光”可知，这两位旅行者仔细计划（plan）他们的旅行，围绕着宠物安排他们的日程。 8. ( D ) A. buy B. transport C. choose D. please [解析]根据第二段中的内容可知，他们要照看宠物，再结合设空处前的difficult可知，宠物们有时很难取悦（please）。 9. ( B ) A. support B. comfort C. control D. attention [解析]结合本句开头的But和句意可知，照看房子也能提供一种在酒店里找不到的舒适感（comfort）。 10. ( B ) A. cooking B. staying C. waiting D. studying [解析]此处表示“代人照看房子就像住（staying）在朋友的房子里”。 11. ( A ) A. success B. survival C. growth D. unemployment [解析]句意：这对夫妇被接受为代人照看房子的人的成功（success）率很高,且他们总是能超出房主的预期。此处与第一段中的内容呼应。 12. ( C ) A. budget B. abilities C. expectations D. understanding [解析]句意：这对夫妇被接受为代人照看房子的人的成功率很高,且他们总是能超出房主的预期（expectations）。此处与下一句中的“...plenty of pictures of happy pets, keeping the house...and leaving a nice small gift before heading to the next house”呼应。 13. ( C ) A. admiring B. donating C. sending D. borrowing [解析]根据设空处后的plenty of pictures of happy pets可知，sending符合语境。 14. ( A ) A. clean B. open C. simple D. empty [解析]上文提到他们总是能超出房主的预期，再结合设空处后的leaving a nice small gift before heading to the next house可知，“保持房屋干净（clean）”符合语境。 15. ( B ) A. guess B. decision C. response D. impression [解析]此处表示“你想让房主觉得他们做了正确的决定（decision）”。
课时安排 1课时
教学内容 完形填空
教学目标 使学生能够掌握完形填空微技能之分析语境和逻辑关系
教学重点、难点 教学重点； 完形填空微技能技巧点拨： 1.利用分析语境，选出正确选项； 2.利用逻辑关系，选出正确选项。 教学难点； 如何利用微技能解题技巧正确答题。
技法点拨 1.语境提示 完形填空在命题设计上有朝着深层次化和语境化方面挖掘的趋势。有些词语在特定的语境中所表达的隐含信息无法从字面或个别句子甚至若干句子的表面理解中获知。这就加强了干扰项的迷惑性，从而提高了试题的难度。因此，只有借助对上下文乃至全文语境的理解，才能作出准确的判断。 做完形填空题时，学生要注意反复校正，前文的某个题可能需要把整篇文章读完才能得出答案，不要试图只阅读一两句话就能把正确答案选出来，要关注文章内容之间的联系。 在快速通读全文和仔细研读全文的过程中，体会特定语境下能够反映出主人公态度和情感色彩的关键词汇，即能够准确表达当时主人公喜、怒、哀、乐等情感态度的名词、动词、形容词或副词。 典例 [2022·全国甲卷·片段]He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs. In that moment, I began to fall for him. We continued to date, though neither of us brought up the future... A year later, much to my 58, this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me. He did not kneel（跪） down, nor did I need him to. That's only for giving water to the dogs that brought us together. 58. ( A ) A. delight B. credit C. interest D. disadvantage 思路点拨 考查名词。句意：一年后，令我非常高兴的是，这个男人拿出一个装着戒指的小盒子向我求婚。前文讲述了他们相爱并约会，一年后这个男人向作者求婚，作者当然很高兴。to one's delight“令某人高兴的是”。故选A项。 真题体验 1. [2023·全国甲卷·片段]But when we looked at the tomatoes, we were 46 because they were so misshapen: not at all like the nice, round, shiny things you get in a supermarket. And the wine was cloudy, in a funny old bottle with no label（标签） on it. These can't be any good, we thought. 46. ( A ) A. worried B. moved C. thrilled D. bored [解析]考查形容词。句意：但当我们看着这些西红柿时，我们很发愁，因为它们是非常畸形的：一点也不像你在超市里买到的那种漂亮的、圆的、闪亮的西红柿的样子。根据空后because they were so misshapen...in a supermarket可知，西红柿长得很畸形，因此此处表示“发愁的”。故选A项。 2. [2021·全国甲卷·片段]Burchill was staying at the hotel on business and planning to visit some friends in the area. They had asked him to bring some pepperoni（辣香肠） from back east. So he filled a suitcase full of pepperoni. As he was 45 that it would be too warm, he laid it out on the table near an open window. He thought his pepperoni was 47 and well chilled（冷却） and he left. 45. ( D ) A. surprised B. pleased C. excited D. worried [解析]考查形容词。句意：由于他担心天气太暖和，所以他把它摊开放在靠近开着的窗户的桌子上。根据下文it would be too warm可知，天气太暖和，所以主人公担心这些辣香肠会坏掉。故选D项。 47. ( B ) A. delicious B. safe C. soft D. ready [解析]考查形容词。根据前文可知，他因为担心辣香肠会坏掉，就把辣香肠摊开放在了靠近开着的窗户的桌子上。主人公认为这样辣香肠就安全了，不会坏掉了。故选B项。 3. [2023·新课标Ⅱ卷·片段]It just happened that I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen, who offered to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia. What I was to do was fly to Topeka to pick up Tiffy. When I met Tiffy's owners, they seemed very nervous. George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was 48 for him, having to leave his dog to a stranger and trust that everything would work out. 48. ( A ) A. hard B. fine C. common D. lucky [解析]考查形容词。句意：丈夫George尽力冷静下来，但我能看得出来，这对他来说很难，因为要把狗交给一个陌生人，而且要相信一切都会进展顺利。根据语境可知，要把宠物狗交给陌生人运送，还要相信一切都会进展顺利，这对主人来说的确有点难（hard）。故选A项。 2.逻辑关系 完形填空中对语篇逻辑关系的考查主要有两种：一是考查表示逻辑关系的词的用法；二是考查通过逻辑关系推断出的文章内容。做题时，一定要重视语篇中上下文之间的逻辑关系，由逻辑关系中的已知部分推断出未知的部分。高考英语完形填空中主要考查的逻辑关系包含以下几种： （1）对立关系 包括让步和转折关系，常见的标志词和短语有but、however、yet、on the contrary、unfortunately、although、nevertheless、in spite of、regardless of、anyhow等。 （2）并列、递进关系 在用并列连词and、not only...but also...等把两个互相独立的简单句连接而成的复合句中，前后分句之间的逻辑关系为并列关系。解题时，可通过其中一个简单句推知另一个简单句的相关内容。递进关系是指后一分句以前一分句为基点，并在程度或范围上比前一分句有更进一层的语义关系。常见的表示递进关系的词和短语有even、besides、what's more等。 （3）因果关系 文中前后句之间是因果关系时，两句之间往往有表示原因和结果的词或短语，如because、so、as a result等；但是，有时两句之间没有表示因果的词语，只是前后句在语义上存在着一种隐性的因果关系。 （4）条件关系 条件关系是指从句提出一种条件，主句说明在这种条件下产生的结果。常见标志词和短语有if、unless、as/so long as、on condition that等。 （5）例证关系 例证关系是指一个句子对另一个句子、短语或单词进行解释或说明，既可通过某些动词（mean、be、suggest等），也可通过某些符号（破折号、冒号等）或者标志词或短语（for example、for instance、 namely等）解释。 典例1 [2022·全国甲卷·片段]For many years, I enjoyed living with my dogs, Tilly and Chance. Their companionship was nearly enough to keep my loneliness at bay. Nearly. Last year, I started dating, but with reservations. When I first dated Steve, I learned he had a dog, Molly, and a cat, Flora. While I was 44 that he was an animal lover, I 45 that three dogs were perhaps too many, and my dogs might attack Flora, the cat. 44. ( D ) A. unsatisfied B. amused C. terrified D. thrilled 思路点拨 考查形容词。句意：虽然我很高兴他是个动物爱好者，但我又担心三条狗可能太多了，我的狗可能会攻击他的猫——弗洛拉。根据上文可知，作者是一个喜欢宠物狗的人，所以当得知与她约会的Steve也喜欢小动物时，作者非常兴奋。故选D项。 45. ( B ) A. predicted B. worried C. regretted D. insisted 思路点拨 考查动词。本句中表示逻辑关系的关键词是While，在此处引导让步状语从句，表达“虽然/尽管”之意。主句和从句是让步关系，因此设空处单词表达的含义应与thrilled相反。故选B项。 典例2 [2022·全国乙卷·片段]Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. For them, there's something highly exciting about escaping someone else's glance and making oneself unable to be seen. However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably 42 at hiding. They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies exposed. 42. ( B ) A. clever B. bad C. scared D. quick 思路点拨 考查形容词。句意：然而，我们都注意到学龄前儿童非常不善于隐藏。 上文提到全世界的小孩都喜欢玩捉迷藏的游戏并说明该游戏需要躲避别人的目光，让自己不被看见。根据表示逻辑关系的词However可知，前后文在意思上是转折关系。小孩们喜欢捉迷藏，但是他们并不善于躲藏。故选B项。 真题体验 4. [2023·全国乙卷·片段]To become the Olympic champion in the individual（个人） all-around event, Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she knew best. She had to pack up her bedroom in Virginia. She had to say goodbye to her two dogs and to the beach, where she loved to ride waves on her board. But it was time to take the leap（飞跃）, however 46 it would be. Even at 14, Douglas knew that. 46. ( B ) A. breathtaking B. heartbreaking C. eye-catching D. head-spinning [解析]考查形容词。句意：但是,这是迈出重要一步的时候了，无论这将多么令人心碎。前面描述了 Douglas不得不离开自己熟悉的一切。根据语境可推断出，这是很令人心碎的时刻。故选B项。 5. （经典高考） When he was 16,Molai began to notice something disturbing happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the damage it caused had driven away a number of birds. 25, the number of snakes had declined as well. 25. ( A ) A. Besides B. However C. Therefore D. Otherwise [解析]考查副词。段落首句说明莫莱开始注意到他家的周围发生了一些令人不安的事情。空前句描述洪水带来的破坏让大量的鸟都飞走了，空后提到蛇的数量减少。这两句是并列关系，都是在描述前文提到的令人不安的事情。故选A项。 对点精练 [2022·新高考Ⅱ卷]A 语篇类型：记叙文 主题语境： 人与自我 Like many young people, Jessica wants to travel the globe. Unlike most of them, this 25-year-old is doing it1D. She and her husband have spent the last two years traveling the world, stopping everywhere from Paris to Singapore. It might sound like one long, expensive2C, but the couple has an unusual way to make their travel3D. They're part of a new form of the 4C economy: an online group of house sitters. Throughout their no-cost stays in5A homes, they feed pets and water plants in the homeowner's 6D. It's not all sightseeing. The two travelers carefully 7A their trips, scheduling their days around the pets that are sometimes difficult to8D. But house sitting also offers a level of 9B they can't find in a hotel. “It's like10B at a friend's house,” Jessica says. The couple has a high11A rate in getting accepted as house sitters and they always go beyond the homeowner's12C. For Jessica, that means13C plenty of pictures of happy pets, keeping the house14A and leaving a nice small gift before heading to the next house. “You want to make the homeowner feel that they made the right15B,” she says. 1. ( D ) A. indoors B. online C. single-handed D. full-time [解析]前文提到Jessica想环游世界，但和大部分人不一样，后句提到Jessica夫妇在过去两年里环游世界，从巴黎到新加坡，在每一个地方停留，由此可知，Jessica夫妇两年来都在旅行，所以是全职（full-time）旅游。 2. ( C ) A. game B. service C. vacation D. procedure [解析]结合前面的traveling可知，此处表示“这可能听起来像一个时间长、花费高的假期（vacation）”。 3. ( D ) A. safe B. busy C. helpful D. affordable [解析]由but可知，此处应该选择与expensive语义相反的词，affordable（负担得起的）符合语境。 4. ( C ) A. local B. private C. sharing D. agricultural [解析]根据冒号后解释说明的内容以及后面的no-cost stays可知，代人照看房子是共享（sharing）经济的一种新形式。 5. ( A ) A. strangers' B. parents' C. co-workers' D. neighbors' [解析]由该空前句中的an online group of house sitters可知，这些人是一群活跃在网络上为陌生人（strangers'）临时照看他们的房屋的人。 6. ( D ) A. favor B. defense C. honor D. absence [解析]通过上文中提到的house sitters可知，他们在房主不在家（absence）时，帮助其喂养宠物、浇灌植物。 7. ( A ) A. plan B. explain C. compare D. complete [解析]根据本段第一句“这不全是旅游观光”可知，这两位旅行者仔细计划（plan）他们的旅行，围绕着宠物安排他们的日程。 8. ( D ) A. buy B. transport C. choose D. please [解析]根据第二段中的内容可知，他们要照看宠物，再结合设空处前的difficult可知，宠物们有时很难取悦（please）。 9. ( B ) A. support B. comfort C. control D. attention [解析]结合本句开头的But和句意可知，照看房子也能提供一种在酒店里找不到的舒适感（comfort）。 10. ( B ) A. cooking B. staying C. waiting D. studying [解析]此处表示“代人照看房子就像住（staying）在朋友的房子里”。 11. ( A ) A. success B. survival C. growth D. unemployment [解析]句意：这对夫妇被接受为代人照看房子的人的成功（success）率很高,且他们总是能超出房主的预期。此处与第一段中的内容呼应。 12. ( C ) A. budget B. abilities C. expectations D. understanding [解析]句意：这对夫妇被接受为代人照看房子的人的成功率很高,且他们总是能超出房主的预期（expectations）。此处与下一句中的“...plenty of pictures of happy pets, keeping the house...and leaving a nice small gift before heading to the next house”呼应。 13. ( C ) A. admiring B. donating C. sending D. borrowing [解析]根据设空处后的plenty of pictures of happy pets可知，sending符合语境。 14. ( A ) A. clean B. open C. simple D. empty [解析]上文提到他们总是能超出房主的预期，再结合设空处后的leaving a nice small gift before heading to the next house可知，“保持房屋干净（clean）”符合语境。 15. ( B ) A. guess B. decision C. response D. impression [解析]此处表示“你想让房主觉得他们做了正确的决定（decision）”。