外研版（2019）选择性必修第三册Unit 5 Learning from Nature Using language 学历案（无答案）

选必一 Unit 5 Learning From Nature （第2课时）
Using language:non-finite forms as subject, object and predicative
自主学习【学】
【课标要求】
1. 本单元的主题语境是“人与自然”，涉及的主题语境内容是人类向自然界学习。
2. 语法部分的主要内容是非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语的用法，材料涉及苏州留园及二十四节气。
3. 本版块旨在帮助学生深度聚焦语言的意义和功能，进行真实语境下的思考和交际运用，全方位提升学生的综合语言运用能力。
【学习目标】
能够理解非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语的用法，并学会在真实语境中进行运用。
学习并运用有关苏州留园和二十四节气相关内容，了解有关仿生学话题内容。
了解人类向自然学习的更多例子，树立敬畏自然并与自然和谐相处的意识。
【自学评价】
重点词组
draw/take inspiration from __________
along with ____________
(be) modeled on _____________
sow and harvest _____________
Intangible Cultural Heritage __________
obtain a patent ____________
seek solutions to _____________
(be) inspired by _____________
send signals _____________
crash into _____________
lie in _____________
12. vary from...to... _____________
13.bullet-proof clothing___________
14. be supposed to do___________
师生研学【研】
【学习过程】
Step 1 Discover and summarize
Look at the sentences and answer the questions.
a. Today, architects continue to explore ways to capture the beauty of natural forms,...
b...it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it.
c. Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms.
d. Creating buildings such as these enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment.
1. Look at the "to do" structures in sentences (a) and (b). Do they serve the same function in each sentence
2. In sentence (c), is the -ed form used as an adjective or a past participle Why does the author use the -ed form other than the -ing form
Step 2 Summarize the use of non-finite forms as subject, object and predicative.
一、非谓语动词作主语
1．动词不定式作主语
动词不定式作主语相当于名词，单个动词不定式(短语)作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。
To climb the mountain road is easy while to go down the hills is hard. 上山容易下山难。
特别注意：在当代英语中，常用it作形式主语，将真正的主语不定式放在后面。
It is not easy to find your way around the town. 在这个小镇要找到路很不容易。
2．动名词(短语)作主语
动名词具有名词的基本性质，因此动名词可以在句子中充当主语。单个动名词(短语)作主语时，句子的谓语动词通常用单数。
动名词(短语)在句首直接作主语。
Reading aloud is very important for us to learn a foreign language. 大声朗读对我们学外语来说很重要。
it在句首作形式主语，而动名词(短语)作句子真正的主语，常用表达有：
It's useless/ no use/ no good doing sth.做某事是没用的
二、非谓语动词作宾语
1．动词不定式作宾语
有些动词后面只能用动词不定式作宾语。这些词有：hope, wish, expect, long, agree, promise, undertake, want, aim, plan, desire, arrange, manage, learn, decide, determine, attempt, pretend, choose, offer, demand, refuse, threaten, prepare等。
We hope to find something completely new that will change our understanding of the universe.
我们希望找到一些全新的东西，能改变我们对宇宙的理解的东西。
2．动名词作宾语
(1)动名词跟在及物动词后作宾语。常接动名词作宾语的动词(短语)有：
admit承认' advise建议' allow允许' appreciate感激' avoid避免' consider考虑' delay推迟' deny否认dislike不喜欢' enjoy喜爱' escape逃避' excuse原谅' fancy喜欢；想要' finish完成' forbid禁止'forgive原谅' give up放弃' imagine想象' keep保持' mind介意' miss错过' pardon原谅' permit允许' practise练习 prevent阻止' put off推迟' risk冒险' suggest建议 'feel like想要
He managed to escape suffering from the disease. 他设法避免了患上那种疾病。
特别注意：下列动词后的动名词用主动形式表示被动意义。
Your car needs filling. 你的车该充气了。This city deserves visiting. 这座城市值得游览。
The problem requires studying carefully. 这个问题需要仔细研究。
特别注意：有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语也可跟动名词作宾语，但意思上有差别。
forget/remember doing 忘记/记得做过某事 forget/remember to do 忘记/记得去做某事
regret doing sth 后悔做过某事 regret to do 很遗憾地去做某事
mean to do sth 打算去做某事 mean doing sth 意味着做某事
try to do 努力去做 try doing 尝试去做
go on doing 继续做同一件事 go on to do 继续做另一件事
三、非谓语动词作表语
1．动词不定式作表语
动词不定式作表语一般表示目的或主语的性质等，时间上有将来含义。
What I would suggest is to start work at once. 我的建议是立刻开始工作。
2．动词的 ing形式作表语
v． ing形式作表语时放在系动词之后，可以和主语互换位置，意思仍然通顺。
Her job is cleaning offices. 她的工作是打扫办公室。(作表语)
3．动词的 ed形式作表语
过去分词作表语基本上都是已经形容词化的动词的 ed形式，通常译为“感到……的”。
He felt disappointed but he tried to put on a brave face. 他感到失望，但还竭力强颜欢笑。
训练提升【练】
【当堂检测】
单句语法填空
1．Last Saturday, our monitor suggested ________ (go) to the old folks' home to help them.
2．Mary's ________ (be) absent from the party made all of us depressed.
3．Do you remember _______ (borrow) a novel from me Please don't forget ______ (return) it to me next weekend, Bob.
4．－What makes you so upset
－________ (lose) three tickets to the pop music concert.
5．You didn't need ________ (tell) him the news; it just made him sad.
6．All of us agreed it is necessary ________ (collect) related material before we began to write a report.
7．In Hangzhou, borrowing books from the library ________ (be) now as simple and convenient as shopping online: click, pay and wait for delivery.
8．I think it is no good ________ (have) another talk with him on the matter.
9. The physician's suggestion to him is _________ (withdraw) from the training before recovering from the injury.
10．People enjoy ________ (work) with him because he has a good sense of humour.
11．After he finished ______ (do) his maths homework, he went on ________ (write) his composition.
12._________ (evaluate) the effectiveness of the solution is necessary before we introduce it to the public.
13.You are not allowed to take your package without _________ (put) your signature on the form.
14.The teacher's explanation of the problem was so ________ (confuse) that most of us couldn't understand.
15.He usually avoids _________ (make) eye contacts with others when he talks to strangers.
16. The company is considering _________ (employ) a new strategy to increase its market share.
17. _________ (listen) to music while studying may lower your efficiency.
18. Her failure _________ (win) the competition disappointed her parents.
19. There's nothing better than _________ (spend) time with your best friend.
20. Selfish and arrogant, Sabrina didn't admit _________ (cause) big trouble for the project.
II 阅读理解
As a psychologist, I recently had meaningful conversations with two of my patients during their treatment sessions about their relationships with changes. Both of them came to me for help because they were imagining certain changes in their lives. They were not the actual changes but what they thought might happen as a result of the changes that they didn't feel they could control.
We can never really control the things around us. We can only control and manage how we respond to things and learn how to choose our response to a situation. Think about what you can do to better prepare yourself, but also avoid being overly concerned and letting your imagination run wild. The most effective way is developing yourself to be more comfortable with changes and accepting that change is inevitable, just like the leaves falling off the trees in autumn. Resistance takes a huge amount of energy and often to no avail.
Every year autumn comes, and the leaves fall and leave the trees bare until the new growth in spring. But with new growth, new opportunities occur. It's exciting to see the trees grow and animals and insects are attracted to them. In the natural cycle, things will change and it's uncertain what will occur. Spring brings new growth and new opportunities.
The lesson I learn from nature about changes is that it is inevitable. Sometimes things change for the better and sometimes changes bring challenges, but both provide opportunities for personal growth. The best way to deal with change is to look at it positively, and not resist it. Move with it and manage your response to it. Accept that it will happen and live in the moment.
1. What kind of problem did the author's patients have
A. They couldn't manage relationships influenced by changes.
B. They failed to control the changes that occurred in their lives.
C. They were concerned that they couldn't handle possible changes.
D. They worried that the reality would be different from what they imagined.
2. What is the author's attitude towards change
A. It is controllable, if we are resistant to it.
B. It is unavoidable, so we have to accept it.
C. It is uncontrollable, but we can prepare for it.
D. It is unacceptable, but we can draw lessons from it.
3. What do the underlined words "to no avail" in Paragraph 2 mean
A. Without success. B. With side-effects. C. Without improvement.D. With disastrous results.
4. Why does the author use the metaphor of autumn and spring
A. To describe the natural cycle of seasons.
B. To explain that change is natural and uncertain.
C. To persuade people to connect with nature more.
D. To illustrate the challenges brought by natural changes.
【布置作业】
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师生总结【结】