牛津译林版（2019）必修 第三册Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world单元话题语法填空练习-（含解析）

Unit 4 Scientists Who Changed the World
单元话题语法填空练习
（2023下·江苏南京·高一南京市第二十九中学统考期中）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词括号内单词的正确形式。
Many Greek philosophers were at the same time scientists. Thus Plato was a mathematician and Aristotle contributed to zoology. Aristotle, indeed, started methodical research, patiently 1 (collect) material and laying 2 (mass) foundations (基础) for modern science. Before Plato and Aristotle, there had been scientist-philosophers. After them, Greek science made further advances. Two men may be mentioned for 3 they did to push science forward. Both lived in the 3rd century B．C．
Euclid is even now well-known for his Elemerits, a textbook of geometry (几何学) , perhaps the most successful textbook ever 4 (write), because it was in use in English schools until the early years of the 20th century.
Archimedes did important work not only in geometry, but also in arithmetic(算术), mechanic and hydro-static (静水力学). He discovered that when 5 body is immersed in water, its loss of weight is equal to the weight of the water displaced (排水). He invented machines which greatly helped his native city against the Romans. 6 (illustrate) the principle of the lever (杠杆), he is said to tell the king: “Give me a place to stand, and I 7 (move) the world.”
Greek science did not neglect 8 (apply). Mathematics, the purest of science was applied in at least five fields. Greek scientists collected a wealth of material and tried to find the proper method of doing scientific work. As a result, they were able to deduce (推断) theories and built up systems, 9 had a great influence on later scientists.
10 they failed to create conditions for the continuous growth of science. It is there that great changes began in the 17th and 18th centuries and it is this that set off modern from ancient science.
（2023上·江苏南京·高一统考期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Wu Jianxiong earned many nicknames throughout her years as a physicist, including “the First Lady of Physics” and “Chinese Marie Curie.” Born on May 31,1912,Wu Jianxiong and her father were very close 11 her father was the one encouraged her to pursue (追求) her education as far as she could, even though few women 12 (encourage) to pursue higher education in China at the time. Wu’s father opened a school 13 she attended until she went to a boarding school in Suzhou.
Wu was awarded many times for her professional 14 (achieve) she was a pioneer in a male-dominated (男性主导的) field 15 she turned her challenges in the sciences 16 opportunities at every turn. Regarded as a true heroine and as the “ 17 (great) female Chinese scientist in the twentieth century”, Wu has encouraged future generations of physicists with her work. After retirement, Wu focused on encouraging young girls to pursue careers through educational programs and 18 (speak) about her struggle to acquire recognition for her work, hoping 19 (influence) women across the U.S. and China. She passed away on February 16, 1997. She was buried in the courtyard of Mingde School in China, 20 school her father started and she attended as a young girl.
（2022下·江苏连云港·高一统考期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Malaria has been a 21 (dead) problem for humans since ancient times. Countless people have died of it. 22 (thank), Chinese scientist Tu Youyou found qinghaosu.
This year marked the 50th anniversary of Tu’s 23 (discover). In 1967, Chinese started a national project. Two years later, Tu became director of it to develop 24 drug against malaria. Tu and her team collected over 600 plants and listed almost 380 possible Chinese recipes for malaria.
One recipe uses the sweet wormwood plant 25 (treat) malaria Tu found it effective and tried to extract the qinghaosu 26 it in order to make drugs and succeeded in 1972.
After her team showed that qinghaosu could treat malaria in mice and monkeys, Tu and two of her colleagues volunteered to test the drug on 27 (they) before testing it on human patients. It turned out 28 qinghaosu was safe. Gradually, qinghaosu became the first-line treatment for malaria, 29 (save) millions of lives around the world.
In 2015, when Tu 30 (award) with the Nobel Prize, she refused to take all of the credit. She said, “Every scientist dreams of doing something that can help the world.”
（2022下·江苏宿迁·高一统考期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Many scientists both at home and abroad have changed our lives and made a difference 31 the world in many fields.
When it comes to Chinese scientists, Tu Youyou is an important figure, 32 has become the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China 33 (receive) a Nobel Prize for her contribution to the fight against malaria, one of the 34 (dead) diseases in human history. Yuan Longping is another one. He is 35 agricultural scientist and educator, known as the “Father of Hybrid Rice”. In 2019, he 36 (award) the Medal of People’s Republic of China.
For the overseas scientists, Stephen Hawking is an English physicist who has made significant 37 (impact) in the field of general relativity. His major achievement was his 38 (theory) prediction that black holes gives out radiation. The public lecture 39 (deliver) by Nobel Prize winner Richard Feynman argued the atomic bomb had posed threat to people and our future.
40 (obvious), the scientific and technological revolutions in human history have brought about rapid progress in our world.
（2022上·四川绵阳·高一四川省绵阳南山中学校考开学考试）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A Respectable Watermelon Expert
China 41 (be) the largest producer and consumer of watermelons in the world since 2018. And Wu Mingzhu, 92 years old now, is the unsung hero who has helped make this possible. It’s fair 42 (say) that about 80 percent of the watermelons served at people’s dining tables every day are the result of great efforts made by Wu and her team over more than 60 years.
Admitted to Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing in the late 1940s, Wu is an alumnus (校友) of Yuan Longping, the “father of hybrid rice”. After two years of application failures, Wu succeeded in 43 (realize)her dream of starting her career in Xinjiang in 1955. Since then, she has put 44 (she)to growing sweet melons.
Wu’s efforts to grow quality melons began paying off in 1973, 45 she set up an off-season growing base in Hainan. Going and returning between Xinjiang and Hainan 46 (frequent) for many years, Wu developed more than 20,000 of China’s new seed 47 (kind) through off-season growing.
Wu’s contribution has won her many praises. She became 48 member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering in 1999 and an honorary citizen of Sanya in 2004. In addition, growers call her the “Queen of Melons”.
Now suffering from Alzheimer’s (阿尔兹海默) disease, Wu is often 49 (able)to recognize her former colleagues or even her family members. However, the memory of her melon work 50 (remain) in her mind.
（2023下·湖北武汉·高一统考阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As Dr Lin Qiaozhi said, “To a person nothing is 51 (precious) than their life…” These words of her give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman, and 52 carried her through a life of hard choices.
At age 18, she chose to study medicine instead of following the traditional path of 53 (marry) like the majority of girls. At age 26, she was hired as 54 resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital 55 (immediate) after she graduated. Within six months, she was assigned to a higher position 56 usually took four years to achieve. After working for a few years, she was sent to study abroad, where she 57 (reject) the offer from her foreign colleagues. She wanted to serve the women and children at home.
In 1941, she became the first Chinese woman ever 58 (appoint) director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital, but later, the department was closed because of the war. So she opened a private clinic to help the people in need and charged very low 59 (fee) and often reduced costs for poor patients.
The new People’s Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role. Though Lin Qiaozhi never married, she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”, 60 (deliver) over 50,000 babies in her lifetime.
（2022下·山东潍坊·高一潍坊一中统考期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单问或括号内单词的正确形式。
Albert Einstein, perhaps the greatest scientists in modern physies is considered one of the smartest men who ever lived. Einstein was not only a genius bat also a 61 (courage) figure loved by many people.
Einstein was born in Germany on 14 March 1879.At 16,he tried to enter university in Switzerland, but failed due to his low scores in 62 general part of the entrance exam. despite 63 (obtain) the exceptional scores in maths and physics. After studying for another year, he managed to pass the exam, 64 (enter) university in 1896 and graduating in 1900.
65 (make) a living, he took up a position in the Swiss patent office. Out of a strong passion 66 knowledge, he continued to study there and earned a doctorate in physics in 1905.Then he published four extraordinary physics papers and 67 (gradual) became famous throughout the world. In 1922, he 68 (award) the Nobel Prize for physics. But circumstances changed in 1933, 69 Hitler came to power in Germany. As a Jewish, he had to flee Germany. Finally, he took a job as a 70 (research) at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. Following that, he continued to make great achievements in physics and mathematics.
（2023上·山西晋中·高一校考阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Jane Goodall was born in London in 1934. She became interested in animal stories when she was a very young child. She always dreamed of working with wild 71 (animal). When she was eleven years old, she decided that she wanted 72 (go) to Africa to live with and write about animals. But this was not the kind of thing young women usually did in the 1940s. Everybody was laughing except her mother. “If you 73 (real) want something, you work hard, you take advantage of the opportunity, you never give up,and you will find a way,” her mother said to her. The opportunity 74 (come) at last. A school friend invited her to Africa. Jane worked as 75 waitress until she got enough money to travel there.
In 1957, Jane Goodall traveled to Africa. She soon met the well-known scientist Louis Leakey and began working for him as an assistant. He later asked her to study a group of chimpanzees 76 (live) by a lake in Tanzania. Very little was known about wild chimpanzees at that time.
Jane spent many years studying chimpanzees 77 this area of Africa. It was no easy work. They were very shy 78 would run away when she came near. She learned to watch them from far away using binoculars (双筒望远镜). Over time, she slowly gained 79 (they) trust. Watching the chimpanzees, she made many discoveries. They ate vegetables and fruit. But she found that they also ate meat. A few weeks later, she made an even more 80 (surprise) discovery. She saw chimpanzees making and using tools to help them catch insects.
（2023上·广东广州·高一广东番禺中学校考期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填写1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Haroun Tazieff is a Polish scientist. He has spent his life-time 81 (study) active volcanoes and deep caves in all parts of the world. In 1948, he 82 (go) to lake Kivu in the Congo to observe a new volcano 83 he then named Kituro. Tazieff was able to set up his camp very close to the volcano while it was erupting 84 (serious). Though he succeeded in taking a number of wonderful 85 (photo), he could not stay near the volcano for very long.
He noticed that a river of liquid rock was coming towards 86 (he). It threatened to surround (包围) him completely, but Tazieff managed 87 (escape) just in time. He waited 88 the volcano became quiet and he was able to return two days 89 (late). This time, he tried to climb into the mouth of Kituro so that he could take photographs and measure temperatures. Tazieflf has often risked his life in this way. He has been able to tell us more about active volcanoes 90 any man alive.
（2023下·山东潍坊·高一山东省高密市第一中学校考开学考试）阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
Zu Chongzhi was one of the greatest mathematicians (数学家) in ancient China. He was born during the Northern and Southern Dynasties. From a young age, Zu 91 (teach) natural science, astronomy (天文学)，math and so on. The little boy was 92 (interest) in all of these subjects， 93 (especial) in math.
Zu was best known for his calculation(计算)of pi(π). According to the record, he did all the work using nothing but wooden sticks.
94 took him lots of time to work out the value-- 95 531415926 and 31415927. No one at that time was able to do better than Zu. And now the achievement is still praised by people around the world. In order to remember Zu, some mathematicians suggest 96 (call) pi “Zu Lv”.
Zu was successful not only in math, but also in astronomy. He worked out that a year should be 36524281481 days long and created the Daming Calendar. 97 , government officials at that time did not agree with Zu. The great mathematician never saw his calendar put 98 use. Almost ten years after his 99 (die),the new calendar was finally accepted.
Zu was an inventor, too. He once made a vehicle (车辆) 100 carried a pointer (指针). No matter how the vehicle turned, the pointer always pointed to the south.
参考答案：
1．collecting 2．massive 3．what 4．written 5．a 6．To illustrate 7．will move 8．application 9．which 10．But
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了许多希腊哲学家同时也是科学家。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：事实上，亚里士多德开始了系统的研究，耐心地收集资料，为现代科学奠定了巨大的基础。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语Aristotle与collect之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填collecting。
2．考查形容词。句意：事实上，亚里士多德开始了系统的研究，耐心地收集资料，为现代科学奠定了巨大的基础。名词foundations前用形容词修饰。故填massive。
3．考查名词性从句。句意：有两个人因为推动科学向前发展而被提及。分析句子结构可知，本句为宾语从句。从句缺少宾语，且指物，所以用连接代词what引导。故填what。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意：欧几里得甚至以他的《几何教科书》而闻名，这可能是有史以来最成功的教科书，因为直到20世纪早期，它一直在英国学校使用。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。名词textbook与write之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填written。
5．考查冠词。句意：他发现，当一个物体浸入水中时，它的重量损失等于排开的水的重量。名词body为可数名词，泛指，表示“一个物体”，body首字母的发音为辅音音素，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了说明杠杆的原理，据说他对国王说：“给我一个支点，我能撬动整个地球。”句子用不定式作目的状语，表示“为了……”。故填To illustrate。
7．考查时态。句意：为了说明杠杆的原理，据说他对国王说：“给我一个支点，我能撬动整个地球。”固定句式：祈使句 + and/or +一般将来时。前面的表示条件，后面表示结果。故填will move。
8．考查名词。句意：希腊的科学没有忽视应用。句子用名词形式作宾语。故填application。
9．考查定语从句。句意：因此，他们能够推导理论，建立系统，这对后来的科学家有很大的影响。指代前面的一句话，所以用关系代词which引导非限定性定语从句。故填which。
10．考查连词。句意：但是他们没有为科学的持续发展创造条件。这里与上文内容构成转折关系，所以用转折连词but。故填But。
11．and 12．were encouraged 13．which/that 14．achievements 15．where 16．into 17．Greatest 18．spoke 19．to influence 20．the
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了著名物理学家吴健雄的生平和成就，对女性的影响。
11．考查连词。句意：吴健雄出生于1912年5月31日，她和父亲的关系非常亲密，她的父亲鼓励她尽可能地追求自己的教育，尽管当时中国很少有女性被鼓励去接受高等教育。根据前文“Wu Jianxiong and her father were very close”和后文“her father was the one encouraged her to pursue (追求) her education as far as she could”可知，两句是并列顺承关系，应用并列连词and连接。故填and。
12．考查动词语态。句意：吴健雄出生于1912年5月31日，她和父亲的关系非常亲密，她的父亲鼓励她尽可能地追求自己的教育，尽管当时中国很少有女性被鼓励去接受高等教育。分析句子结构可知，encourage在从句中作谓语，主语是women，两者是被动关系，用被动语态，句子描述的是过去的事，用一般过去时，主语是复数，be动词使用were。故填were encouraged。
13．考查定语从句。句意：吴的父亲开办了一所学校，她一直在那里上学，直到她去了苏州的一所寄宿学校。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是school，关系词在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词which或that引导。故填which或that。
14．考查名词复数。句意：吴因其专业成就多次获奖，她是男性主导领域的先驱，她将科学中的挑战转化为机遇。分析句子结构可知，空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，achieve名词形式是“achievement”，为可数名词，根据句意，应用复数形式。故填achievements。
15．考查定语从句。句意：吴因其专业成就多次获奖，她是男性主导领域的先驱，她将科学中的挑战转化为机遇。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是field，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。
16．考查介词。句意：吴因其专业成就多次获奖，她是男性主导领域的先驱，她将科学中的挑战转化为机遇。分析句子结构可知，此处是动词短语turn into意为“变成”。故填into。
17．考查形容词最高级。句意：她被视为真正的女英雄，被誉为“20世纪最伟大的中国女科学家”，她的工作激励了未来几代物理学家。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，根据句意，应用最高级形式，为称号，首字母应大写。故填Greatest。
18．考查动词时态。句意：退休后，吴专注于通过教育项目鼓励年轻女孩追求事业，并谈到了她为获得认可而付出的努力，希望能影响美国和中国的女性。分析句子结构可知，空处和前文的focused并列，一起作并列谓语，所以也用一般过去时。故填spoke。
19．考查非谓语动词。句意：退休后，吴专注于通过教育项目鼓励年轻女孩追求事业，并谈到了她为获得认可而付出的努力，希望能影响美国和中国的女性。分析句子结构可知，此处动词短语hope to do sth.意为“希望做某事”。故填to influence。
20．考查冠词。句意：她被安葬在中国明德学堂的院子里，这是她父亲创办的学校，她小时候就读于这所学校。分析句子结构可知，空后的school，为前文提到的吴父亲创办的学校，上文提到的事物，下文再提到时，需在前加the。故填the。
21．deadly 22．Thankfully 23．discovery 24．a 25．to treat 26．from 27．themselves 28．that 29．saving 30．was awarded
【导语】本文为一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了中国科学家屠呦呦发现青蒿素的过程，青蒿素成为治疗疟疾的一线药物，拯救了全世界数百万人的生命。
21．考查形容词。句意：疟疾自古以来就是人类的致命问题。根据所给词汇，句意和句子结构，设空处应填形容词deadly，意为“致命的”，做前置定语，修饰名词problem。故填deadly。
22．考查副词。句意：值得庆幸的是，中国科学家屠呦呦发现了青蒿素。修饰整个句子，应用副词，thank的副词为thankfully，设空处在句首，单词首字母应大写。故填Thankfully。
23．考查名词。句意：今年是屠呦呦发现（青蒿素）50周年。Tu’s后接名词，discover的名词为discovery，作of的宾语。故填discovery。
24．考查冠词。句意：两年后，屠呦呦成为该项目的负责人，研发一种抗疟疾的药物。此处为泛指“一种药物”，应用不定冠词，drug为辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。
25．考查非谓语动词。句意：其中一个配方使用青蒿治疗疟疾，屠发现青蒿有效，并试图从青蒿中提取青蒿素用于制药，并于1972年成功。此处考查动词短语use...to do sth，动词不定式作目的状语，故填to treat。
26．考查介词。句意：其中一个配方使用青蒿治疗疟疾，屠发现青蒿有效，并试图从青蒿中提取青蒿素用于制药，并于1972年成功。此处考查extract...from...，意为“从……中提取……”，设空处应用介词from。故填from。
27．考查反身代词。句意：在她的团队证明青蒿素可以治疗老鼠和猴子的疟疾之后，屠呦呦和她的两名同事自愿在自己身上测试这种药物，然后再在人类患者身上测试。根据句意，屠呦呦和她的两位同事在他们自己身上测试药物。设空处应用反身代词themselves，作on的宾语。故填themselves。
28．考查主语从句的连接词。句意：事实证明青蒿素是安全的。此处考查句型It turned out that...，意为“结果表明……”，设空处应用连接词that引导主语从句。故填that。
29．考查非谓语动词。句意：渐渐地，青蒿素成为治疗疟疾的一线药物，拯救了全世界数百万人的生命。此处考查非谓语动词用法，句子的主谓部分与save之间含有逻辑上的因果关系，作结果状语，应用现在分词saving。故填saving。
30．考查时态、语态。句意：2015年，当屠呦呦获得诺贝尔奖时，她拒绝接受所有的荣誉。根据时间状语In 2015，谓语动词应用一般过去时态，动词award与逻辑主语之间为动宾关系，应用被动语态，主语Tu为第三人称单数，故助动词用was。故填was awarded。
31．to 32．who 33．to receive 34．deadliest 35．an 36．was awarded 37．impacts 38．theoretical 39．delivered 40．Obviously
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述以屠呦呦和史蒂芬霍金为例，讲述了科学家改变了我们的生活，影响了世界。
31．考查介词。句意：国内外的许多科学家改变了我们的生活，在许多领域对世界产生了影响。根据短语“made a difference to...”意为“对……产生影响”可知介词需使用to，故填to。
32．考查定语从句。句意：说到中国科学家，屠呦呦是一个重要的人物，她是中华人民共和国首位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家，因为她对抗击疟疾做出了贡献，疟疾是人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。根据句子结构分析可知，设空处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句。先行词为Tu Youyou，在从句中作主语指人，因此需使用关系代词who。故填who。
33．考查非谓语动词。句意：说到中国科学家，屠呦呦是一个重要的人物，她是中华人民共和国首位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家，因为她对抗击疟疾做出了贡献，疟疾是人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。根据句子结构分析可知，定语从句的谓语是has become，receive在从句中是非谓语作后置定语，修饰的名词为scientist，因scientist被序数词修饰为the first female scientist，所以需使用不定式的主动式。故填to receive。
34．考查形容词最高级。句意：说到中国科学家，屠呦呦是一个重要的人物，她是中华人民共和国首位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家，因为她对抗击疟疾做出了贡献，疟疾是人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。根据diseases可知，此处为形容词作定语修饰名词diseases，需使用形容词“deadly”（致命的），根据句意及“in human history”（人类历史上）可知，此处是一定范围内的最致命的疾病，需使用形容词的最高级形式。故选deadliest。
35．考查冠词。句意：他是一位农业科学家和教育家，被誉为“杂交水稻之父”。根据“agricultural scientist and educator”（农业科学家兼教育家）可知，此处泛指“一位农业科学家和教育家”，agricultural以元音音素开头，需使用不定冠词an。故填an。
36．考查时态和语态。句意：在2019年，他被授予中华人民共和国勋章。根据时间状语In 2019可知，动作发生在过去，需使用一般过去时。因主语he与动词award是被动关系，则需使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was awarded。
37．考查名词。句意：句意：对于海外科学家来说，斯蒂芬·霍金是一位在广义相对论领域做出了重大影响的英国物理学家。此处为形容词significant修饰的名词，需使用impact，短语“make impact”意为“对……产生影响”，根据句义可知，产生了重要的影响，应使用复数概念。故填impacts。
38．考查形容词。句意：他的主要成就是他的理论预测：黑洞发出辐射。此处需使用形容词theoretical作定语来修饰名词prediction。故填theoretical。
39．考查非谓语动词。句意：诺贝尔奖得主理查德·费曼发表的公开演讲认为原子弹对人类和我们的未来构成了威胁。根据句子结构分析可知，argued为谓语，deliver为非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词短语The public lecture，因lecture与deliver是被动关系，所以应使用过去分词的形式。故填delivered。
40．考查副词。句意：显然，人类历史上的科技革命给我们的世界带来了迅速的进步。根据句子结构分析可知，此处为副词作状语修饰后面的句子。首字母大写，“Obviously”意为“显然地”。故填Obviously。
41．has been 42．to say 43．realizing 44．herself 45．when 46．frequently 47．kinds 48．a 49．unable 50．remains
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了受人尊敬的西瓜专家——吴明珠院士。2018年以来，中国成为世界上最大的西瓜生产国和消费国。而现年92岁的吴明珠是使这一切成为可能的无名英雄。
41．考查现在完成时。句意：2018年以来，中国成为世界上最大的西瓜生产国和消费国。结合句中since 2018可知，主句的时态为现在完成时。句子主语“China”为单数，所以此处填has been，故填has been。
42．考查不定式。句意：公平地说，人们餐桌上每天供应的80% 左右的西瓜都是吴明珠和她的团队60多年努力的结果。此处使用了固定句式：It is fair to do...“做某事是公平的。”it为形式主语，不定式 to do为真正的主语，所以此处填to say。故填to say。
43．考查动名词。句意：经过两年的申请失败后，1955年吴明珠女士实现了她在新疆开始职业生涯的梦想。短语：succeed in doing sth.“成功做某事”，doing为动名词作宾语，结合句中提示，所以此处用realizing，故填realizing。
44．考查反身代词。句意：从那以后，她一直致力于种植甜瓜。当宾语和主语为同一物时，宾语要用反身代词。空处在句中为宾语，和主语意义一致，都表示吴明珠女士，所以此处用反身代词herself，故填herself。
45．考查定语从句。句意：吴女士种植优质甜瓜的努力在1973年得到了回报，那一年她在海南建立了一个淡季种植基地。分析可知，“　5　　she set up an offseason growing base inHainan”为非限制性定语从句，先行词为1973，在从句中作时间状语，所以此处用关系副词when，故填when。
46．考查副词。句意：多年频繁往返于新疆和海南之间，通过反季节种植，吴培育了2万多个中国新种子品种。副词修饰动词，此处用副词修饰动词“going and returning”，故填frequently。
47．考查名词复数。句意：同上。kind“种类”为可数名词，结合前文“more than 20,000”可知，此处指复数含义。故填kinds。
48．考查冠词。句意：1999年她成为中国工程院院士，2004年成为三亚荣誉市民。member“成员”为可数名词，此处为单数含义，结合主语“she”，指她成为了一名中国工程院院士。，member的首个音素为辅音，所以用不定冠词a，故填a。
49．考查形容词。句意：现在她患有老年痴呆症，吴常常认不出以前的同事，甚至连家人都认不出来。.短语：be able to do“能做……”，结合句前“Now suffering from Alzheimer’s （阿尔兹海默）disease”可知，吴明珠女士现在患有阿尔茨海默病，所以此处指她现在不能认出她以前的同事甚至是家人。所以用形容词unable，故填unable。
50．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：然而，她的西瓜工作的记忆仍然在她的脑海中。空处在句中为谓语，结合前文“now”可知，此处的时态用一般现在时。句子主语“the memory of her melon work”为单数含义，所以谓语用单数。故填remains。
51．more precious 52．what 53．marriage 54．a 55．immediately 56．that/which 57．rejected 58．to be appointed 59．fees 60．having delivered
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章按照时间顺序叙述了医学家林巧稚的一生，其中着重描写了她曾面临的人生抉择。
51．考查形容词比较级。句意：正如林巧稚医生所说，“对一个人来说，没有什么比生命更珍贵……”根据空后的“than”和句意可知，此处需用比较级表示“没有什么比生命更珍贵”，空处应用precious的比较级形式more precious。故填more precious。
52．考查宾语从句。句意：她的这些话让我们看到了这位了不起的女人的内心，以及是什么让她度过了艰难的人生选择。分析句子可知，空处引导名词性从句作介词into的宾语，从句中缺少主语，且结合句意可知，主语指物，应用连接代词what作引导词。故填what。
53．考查名词。句意：18岁时，她选择了学医，而不是像大多数女孩一样走传统的婚姻道路。分析句子可知，空处作介词of的宾语，marry的名词形式marriage符合题意，意为“婚姻”，句中表示“传统的婚姻道路”。故填marriage。
54．考查冠词。句意：26岁毕业后，她立即被聘为北京协和医院妇产科的一名住院医师。分析句子可知，空处表示泛指，意为“一个，一名”，应用不定冠词，且resident以辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。
55．考查副词。句意：26岁毕业后，她立即被聘为北京协和医院妇产科的一名住院医师。分析句子可知，空处作状语，应用immediate的副词形式immediately，意为“立即”。故填immediately。
56．考查定语从句。句意：在六个月内，她被分配到一个通常需要四年才能获得的更高职位。分析句子可知，空处引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词position，先行词为物，从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词that或which作引导词。故填that/which。
57．考查时态。句意：工作几年后，她被派往国外学习，在那里她拒绝了外国同事的邀请。分析句子可知，空处作where引导的定语从句的谓语，句子在描述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时，应用reject的过去式rejected。故填rejected。
58．考查非谓语动词。句意：1941年，她成为第一位被任命为北京协和医院妇产科主任的中国女性，但后来，该科室因战争而关闭。根据“the first Chinese woman”可推知，此处用“the+序数词+名词+to do”的固定表达，且appoint和woman逻辑上是被动关系，应用appoint的不定式被动语态to be appointed。故填to be appointed。
59．考查名词复数。句意：所以她开了一家私人诊所来帮助有需要的人，收费很低，经常为贫困病人降低成本。分析句子可知，空前没有表示单数概念的修饰语，可数名词fee应用复数形式fees，句中表示“低费用”。故填fees。
60．考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然林巧稚从未结婚，但她被称为“万婴之母”，一生中接生了5万多名婴儿。分析句子可知，空处作状语，deliver和she逻辑上是主动关系，且deliver的动作发生在was known as的动作之前，应用deliver的现在分词完成式having delivered。故填having delivered。
61．courageous 62．the 63．obtaining 64．entering 65．To make 66．for 67．gradually 68．was awarded 69．When 70．researcher
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了现代物理学中最伟大的科学家爱因斯坦。
61．考查形容词。句意：爱因斯坦不仅是一个天才，也是一个勇敢的人物，受到许多人的喜爱。根据名词figure可知，修饰名词应该用形容词，所以此处应该用提示词的形容词形式。故填courageous。
62．考查冠词。句意：在16岁。 他曾试图进入瑞士的大学，但由于他入学考试的综合部分分数较低，他未能如愿。根据“of the entrance exam”可知，the表示特指考试的综合部分，符合语境。故填the。
63．考查动名词。句意：尽管在数学和物理上取得了优异的成绩。分析句式结构可知，despite是介词，所以此处应该用提示词的动名词形式。故填obtaining。
64．考查动名词。句意：在又学习了一年之后，他成功地通过了考试，1896年进入大学，1900年毕业。分析句式结构可知，enter和主语he之间是主动关系，所以此处用现在分词作伴随状语，表主动关系。故填entering。
65．考查动词不定式。句意：为了谋生，他在瑞士专利局任职。分析句意可知，此处表目的，所以用动词不定式表目的，符合语境。故填To make。
66．考查介词。句意：出于对知识的强烈热情，他继续在那里学习，并于1905年获得了物理学博士学位。根据名词passion可知，此处用介词for搭配表示“对……的热情”符合语境。故填for。
67．考查副词。句意：随后，他发表了四篇杰出的物理论文，逐渐蜚声世界。分析句式结构可知，修饰动词become应该用副词， 故填gradually。
68．考查被动语态。句意：1922年，他被授予诺贝尔物理学奖。分析句意可知，主语he和award之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was awarded。
69．考查时间状语从句。句意：但1933年，情况发生了变化，希特勒在德国掌权。结合句意分析句式结构可知，此处是时间状语从句，所以用when来引导，且位于句首的首字母要大写，故填When。
70．考查名词。句意：最后，他在普林斯顿高等研究院做了一名研究员。根据空格前的不定冠词a可知，此处应该用提示词的单数名词形式作宾语，故填researcher。
71．animals 72．to go 73．really 74．came 75．a 76．living 77．in 78．and 79．their 80．surprising
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Jane Goodall的生平以及贡献。
71．考查名词的复数。句意：她一直梦想着和野生动物一起工作。animal是可数名词，不止一种，因此空格处用复数，故填animals。
72．考查不定式。句意：当她11岁的时候，她决定去非洲和动物住在一起，写一些关于动物的文章。want to do sth.是固定短语，意为“想要做某事”，因此空格处是to go，故填to go。
73．考查副词。句意：“如果你真的想要什么，你就努力工作，抓住机会，永不放弃，你会找到方法的，”她母亲对她说。空格处用副词really作状语，修饰动词want，really意为“真正地”，故填really。
74．考查时态。句意：机会终于来了。句子描述过去的事情，谓语动词come时态用一般过去时，空格处用过去式，故填came。
75．考查冠词。句意：简当服务员，直到她有足够的钱去那里旅行。waitress是可数名词，表泛指，前面要加不定冠词，waitress是辅音音素开头，因此不定冠词用a，故填a。
76．考查非谓语动词。句意：后来，他请她研究生活在坦桑尼亚一个湖边的一群黑猩猩。句中谓语是asked，空格处用非谓语动词，逻辑主语chimpanzees和非谓语动词live之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，作后置定语，故填living。
77．考查介词。句意：简花了很多年研究非洲这个地区的黑猩猩。“在哪个地区”用介词in，故填in。
78．考查连词。句意：它们很害羞，当她走近时就会跑开。“were very shy”和“would run away when she came near”可知，空格前后内容是并列关系，因此空格处用and表并列，故填and。
79．考查物主代词。句意：随着时间的推移，她慢慢获得了它们的信任。they和trust是所属关系，因此空格处用形容词性物主代词their修饰trust，故填their。
80．考查形容词。句意：几周后，她有了更惊人的发现。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词discovery，discovery是物，用ing结尾的形容词surprising修饰，意为“令人惊讶的”，故填surprising。
81．studying 82．went 83．that/which 84．seriously 85．photos 86．him 87．to escape 88．until 89．later 90．than
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Haroun Tazieff是一位波兰科学家。他一生都在研究世界各地的活火山和深洞，1948年，他去了刚果的基伍湖观察一座新火山，后来他把这座新火山命名为基图罗。
81．考查非谓语动词。句意：他一生都在研究世界各地的活火山和深洞。此处为短语spend time doing sth.“花时间做某事”。故填studying。
82．考查时态。句意：1948年，他去刚果的基伍湖观察一座新火山，后来他把这座新火山命名为基图罗。根据上文In 1948可知，为一般过去时。故填went。
83．考查定语从句。句意：1948年，他去刚果的基伍湖观察一座新火山，后来他把这座新火山命名为基图罗。此处是限定性定语从句，修饰先行词volcano，从句缺少宾语，指物，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that或which。
84．考查副词。句意：塔捷耶夫能够在火山严重喷发时把营地搭得离火山很近。修饰动词，应用副词seriously，作状语。故填seriously。
85．考查名词的=复数。句意：虽然他成功地拍下了许多精彩的照片，但他不能在火山附近停留太久。photo为可数名词，由a number of修饰，应用复数形式。故填photos。
86．考查代词。句意：他注意到一条流动的岩石河正向他涌来。作介词的宾语，应用him。故填him。
87．考查非谓语动词。句意：它似乎要把他完全包围起来，但塔捷耶夫及时逃脱了。此处为短语manage to do sth.“设法做成某事”。故填to escape。
88．考查状语从句。句意：他一直等到火山平静下来，两天后才回来。引导时间状语从句，表示“直到”应用until。故填until。
89．考查副词。句意：他一直等到火山平静下来，两天后才回来。“一段时间+later”表示“多久之后”。故填later。
90．考查介词。句意：他能告诉我们的有关活火山的情况比任何在世的人都多。结合句意表示“比……”，应用than。故填than。
91．was taught 92．interested 93．especially 94．It 95．between 96．calling 97．However 98．into 99．death 100．that/which
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国古代最伟大的数学家祖冲之的个人经历以及贡献。
91．考查时态语态。句意：祖自幼学习自然科学、天文学、数学等。主语与谓语构成被动关系，结合上文From a young age可知为一般过去时的被动语态，主语为Zu，谓语用单数。故填was taught。
92．考查形容词。句意：这个小男孩对所有这些科目都很感兴趣，尤其是数学。作表语，主语为人应用-ed结尾形容词interested。故填interested。
93．考查副词。句意：这个小男孩对所有这些科目都很感兴趣，尤其是数学。修饰后文介词短语应用副词especially，故填especially。
94．考查固定句型。句意：他花了很长时间才算出这个值——在531415926和31415927之间。此处为句型it took/takes sb. some time to do sth.，it作形式主语，首字母大写。故填It。
95．考查介词。句意：他花了很长时间才算出这个值——在531415926和31415927之间。此处表示两者之间应用between…and…。故填between。
96．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了纪念祖，一些数学家建议称圆周率为“祖律”。短语suggest doing sth.表示“建议做某事”。故填calling。
97．考查副词。句意：然而，当时的政府官员并不同意祖的观点。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，且有逗号隔开，应用however，首字母大写。故填However。
98．考查介词。句意：这位伟大的数学家从未看到他的日历投入使用。表示“投入使用”短语为put ...into use。故填into。
99．考查名词。句意：在他死后将近十年，新历法终于被接受了。作介词的宾语，应用名词death，不可数。故填death。
100．考查定语从句。句意：他曾经制造过一种携带指示器的车辆。定语从句修饰先行词vehicle，在从句中作主语，指物，故填that/which。