《2024年高考英语名校真题二轮零失误规范训练》（九省专用）
专题10 阅读理解说明文3年32题+最新模拟16篇（真题+模拟）
解析版
目 录
技能专区 1
真题专区 1
模拟专区 19
技能专区：冲刺备考名师提醒，洞悉高考命题规律，提供高效提分干货
一、阅读理解说明文细节理解题注意落实“定位原文”和“同义替换”技巧。
二、数据计算题注重“原文定位”和“细节理解”，弄清来龙去脉再计算。
三、重视说明文“倒三角形”结构，特别是首段和段首的独特作用。
四、标题概括题重视三性：概括性、简洁性和新颖性；同时联系首段和关键词。
五、说明文长难句较多增加了理解的难度，落实“括号法”，（从句）（非谓语）
（介词短语）（名词短语）。
六、规范训练目标：做标记，留痕迹；零失误；限时6分钟/每篇。
真题专区：练真题，明方向；练技巧，提能力；练速度，提分数！
（2024九省联考）Parrots are prey animals, which means that other predators (捕食者) in the wild, such as hawks or snakes, are looking to make them into a meal. This one factor influences parrots’ behavior in your house more than any other.
Parrots are most easily hurt when feeding on the ground; membership in a group plays an important function in ensuring their safety and improving their chances of survival from attacks by predators. The most common predators of parrots include hawks, snakes, cats, monkeys, and bats. Some predators make attacks only during the day while others hunt in the night.
As prey animals, parrots are constantly watching out for danger and they instinctively (本能地) react to risks. Their first choice is to take flight. However, if this is not possible, they will fight with their powerful beaks to defend themselves.
Because their biggest enemy is the hawk, parrots are especially reactive to quick movements from above and behind. For this reason, it is wise to avoid quick, sudden movements near your bird. This is a built-in reaction not subject to logic or reason. Simple and relatively harmless household objects can draw extreme fear responses from a bird. For example, a balloon may represent a hawk or a vacuum hose (吸尘器软管) may be the same as a snake in your bird’s mind.
As prey animals, parrots are often frightened by exposure to new household items or strangers. It is important to expose your bird to safe experiences and changes starting at a very young age to build flexibility and improve their adaptability. Variety in diet and toys, travel, and exposure to new people and places all help to make your bird more flexible and adaptable to change.
24. What is important for parrots to better survive from attacks in the wild
A. Living in a group. B. Growing beautiful feathers.
C. Feeding on the ground. D. Avoiding coming out at night.
25. What is parrots’ first response to an immediate risk
A. To attack back. B. To get away.
C. To protect the young. D. To play dead.
26. Why would a balloon frighten a parrot
A. It may explode suddenly. B. It may be in a strange shape.
C. It may have a strong color. D. It may move around quickly.
27. What is the author’s purpose of writing the text
A. To explain wild parrots' behavior. B. To give advice on raising a parrot.
C. To call for action to protect animals. D. To introduce a study on bird ecology.
【答案】24. A 25. B 26. D 27. B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了鹦鹉作为被捕食动物的行为特性和生存策略。
24.细节理解题。根据第二段“Membership in a group plays an important function in ensuring their safety and improving their chances of survival from attacks by predators.(群体中的成员在确保其安全和提高其从捕食者袭击中幸存下来的机会方面起着重要作用。)”可知，鹦鹉要想更好地在野外躲避攻击，重要的是要进行集体生活，故选A项。
25.细节理解题。根据第三段“As prey animals, parrots are constantly watching out for danger and they instinctively (本能地) react to risks. Their first choice is to take flight.(作为猎物，鹦鹉会时刻警惕危险，并本能地对风险做出反应。他们的第一反应是飞走)”可知，鹦鹉对直接风险的第一反应是逃跑，故选B项。
26.细节理解题。根据第四段“Because their biggest enemy is the hawk, parrots are especially reactive to quick movements from above and behind. For this reason, it is wise to avoid quick, sudden movements near your bird. This is a built-in reaction not subject to logic or reason. (因为鹦鹉最大的敌人是鹰，所以它们对来自上方和后方的快速移动特别敏感。出于这个原因，明智的做法是避免在你的鸟附近有快速、突然移动的物体。这是一种内在的反应，不受逻辑或理性的限制。)”可知，鹦鹉害怕快速移动物体，家中气球类似于鹰，会快速移动，容易让鹦鹉受惊害怕。故选D项。
27.推理判断题。根据第一段“Parrots are prey animals, which means that other predators (捕食者) in the wild, such as hawks or snakes, are looking to make them into a meal. This one factor influences parrots’ behavior in your house more than any other.(鹦鹉是猎物，这意味着野生的其他捕食者，如鹰或蛇，正在寻找将它们作为食物。这一个因素比任何其他因素都更能影响鹦鹉在家里的行为)”、倒数第二段“Simple and relatively harmless household objects can draw extreme fear responses from a bird. For example, a balloon may represent a hawk or a vacuum hose (吸尘器软管) may be the same as a snake in your bird’s mind.(简单且相对无害的家居用品会引起鸟类的极度恐惧反应。例如，在你的鸟心目中，气球可能代表鹰，或者真空软管可能与蛇相同)”以及最后一段“As prey animals, parrots are often frightened by exposure to new household items or strangers. It is important to expose your bird to safe experiences and changes starting at a very young age to build flexibility and improve their adaptability. Variety in diet and toys, travel, and exposure to new people and places all help to make your bird more flexible and adaptable to change.(作为猎物，鹦鹉经常被新的家庭用品或陌生人吓到。从很小的时候就开始让你的鸟接触安全的体验和变化，以建立灵活性并提高它们的适应性，这一点很重要。饮食和玩具的多样性、旅行以及接触新的人和地方都有助于让你的鸟更灵活，更适应变化)”可知，本文的写作目的是对饲养鹦鹉提建议，故选B项。
（2024九省联考）In his 1936 work How to Win Friends and Influence People, Dale Carnegie wrote: “I have come to the conclusion that there is only one way to get the best of an argument — and that is to avoid it.” This distaste for arguments is common, but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes problems for our personal and social lives — and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place.
Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights, which is how we often think of them. Like physical fights, verbal (言语的) fights can leave both sides bloodied. Even when you win, you end up no better off. You would be feeling almost as bad if arguments were even just competitions — like, say, tennis tournaments. Pairs of opponents hit the ball back and forth until one winner comes out from all who entered. Everybody else loses. This kind of thinking explains why so many people try to avoid arguments.
However, there are ways to win an argument every time. When you state your position, formulate (阐述) an argument for what you claim and honestly ask yourself whether your argument is any good. When you talk with someone who takes a stand, ask them to give you a reason for their view and spell out their argument fully. Assess its strength and weakness. Raise objections (异议) and listen carefully to their replies. This method will require effort, but practice will make you better at it.
These tools can help you win every argument — not in the unhelpful sense of beating your opponents but in the better sense of learning about what divides people, learning why they disagree with us and learning to talk and work together with them. If we readjust our view of arguments — from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain respect and understanding from each other — then we change the very nature of what it means to “win” an argument.
28. What is the author’s attitude toward Carnegie’s understanding of argument
A. Critical. B. Supportive. C. Tolerant. D. Uncertain,
29. Why do many people try to avoid arguments
A. They lack debating skills.
B. They may feel bad even if they win.
C. They fear being ignored.
D. They are not confident in themselves.
30. What does the underlined phrase “spell out” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Defend. B. Explain. C. Conclude. D. Repeat.
31. What is the key to “winning” an argument according to the author
A. Sense of logic. B. Solid supporting evidence.
C. Proper manners. D. Understanding from both sides.
【答案】28. A 29. B 30. B 31. D
【导语】这是一篇说明文，作者阐述了争论的意义和赢得争论的方法。
28.推理判断题。根据第一段中“This distaste for arguments is common, but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes problems for our personal and social lives — and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place.(这种对争论的厌恶是很普遍的，但它取决于对争论的错误看法，这种观点会给我们的个人和社会生活带来问题——而且在很多方面，它首先忽略了争论的意义)”可知，作者对于Carnegie对争论的看法持批判态度，故选A。
29.细节理解题。根据第二段中“Like physical fights, verbal (言语的) fights can leave both sides bloodied. Even when you win, you end up no better off. You would be feeling almost as bad if arguments were even just competitions — like, say, tennis tournaments.(和身体上的打斗一样，言语上的打斗也会让双方流血。即使你赢了，你最终也不会变得更好。如果争论只是一场比赛，比如网球比赛，你也会感觉很糟糕)”可知，很多人尽量避免争论，是因为即使赢了他们也感觉很糟糕，故选B。
30.词句猜测题。根据划线短语所在句“ask them to give you a reason for their view”可知，让他们为自己的观点提供依据，即让他们充分阐明他们的观点，spell out意为“解释明白，讲清楚”，故选B。
31.细节理解题。根据最后一段中“If we readjust our view of arguments — from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain respect and understanding from each other — then we change the very nature of what it means to “win” an argument.(如果我们重新调整我们对争论的看法——从一场口水战或网球比赛转变为一种理性的交流，通过这种交流，我们都能获得彼此的尊重和理解——那么我们就改变了‘赢得’争论的本质)”可知，作者认为“赢得”争论的关键是通过交流获得彼此的尊重和理解，故选D。
（2024九省联考）For lots of kids, toddlerhood (幼儿期) is an important time for friendship. Studies show that the earlier kids learn to form positive relationships, the better they are at relating to others as teenagers and adults. Playing together also helps these kids practice social behaviors, such as kindness, sharing, and cooperation.
Even so, how quickly your child develops into a social creature may also depend on his temperament (性格). Some toddlers are very social, but others are shy. In addition, the way' that toddlers demonstrate that they like other children is markedly different from what adults think of as expressions of friendship. Research at Ohio State University in Columbus found that a toddler’s way of saying “I like you” during play is likely to come in the form of copying a friend’s behavior.
This seemingly unusual way of demonstrating fondness can result in unpleasant behavior, Regardless of how much they like a playmate, they may still grab his toys, refuse to share, and get bossy. But experts say that this is a normal and necessary part of friendship for kids this age. Through play experiences, toddlers learn social rules. That’s why it's so important to take an active role in your toddler’s social encounters by setting limits and offering frequent reminders of what they are. When you establish these guidelines, explain the reasons behind them.
Begin by helping your child learn sympathy (“Ben is crying. What's making him so sad ”), then suggest how he could resolve the problem (“Maybe he would feel better if you let him play the ball.”). When your child shares or shows empathy (同理心) toward a friend, praise him (“Ben stopped crying! You made him feel better.”).
Another way to encourage healthy social interaction is by encouraging kids to use words -- not fists -- to express how they feel. It's also important to be mindful of how your child's personality affects playtime. Kids are easy to get angry when they’re sleepy or hungry, so schedule playtime when they’re refreshed.
32. What does it indicate when toddlers copy their playmates’ behavior
A. They are interested in acting. B. They are shy with the strangers.
C. They are fond of their playmates. D. They are tired of playing games.
33. What does the author suggest parents do for their kids
A. Design games for them. B. Find them suitable playmates.
C. Play together with them. D. Help them understand social rules.
34. What is the function of the quoted statements in paragraph 4
A. Giving examples. B. Explaining concepts.
C. Providing evidence. D. Making comparisons.
35. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. How Children Adapt to Changes B. How to Be a Role Model for Children
C. How Your Baby Learns to Love D. How to Communicate with Your Kid
【答案】32. C 33. D 34. A 35. C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了幼儿时期友谊对儿童社交能力发展的重要性，并探讨了幼儿表达友谊的方式和可能出现的问题。同时，文章还提供了一些建议和方法，帮助家长在幼儿社交互动中发挥积极作用，培养他们的同情心和表达能力，学会发展友谊。
32.细节理解题。根据第二段“In addition, the way that toddlers demonstrate that they like other children is markedly different from what adults think of as expressions of friendship. Research at Ohio State University in Columbus found that a toddler’s way of saying “I like you” during play is likely to come in the form of copying a friend’s behavior.(此外，蹒跚学步的孩子表现出他们喜欢其他孩子的方式与成年人认为的友谊表达方式明显不同。哥伦布俄亥俄州立大学的研究发现，一个蹒跚学步的孩子在玩耍时说“我喜欢你”的方式很可能是模仿朋友的行为)”可知，蹒跚学步的孩子模仿朋友的行为说明他们喜欢玩伴，故选C项。
33.细节理解题。根据第三段“Through play experiences, toddlers learn social rules. That’s why it’s so important to take an active role in your toddler’s social encounters by setting limits and offering frequent reminders of what they are. When you establish these guidelines, explain the reasons behind them(通过游戏体验，幼儿学习社交规则。这就是在你蹒跚学步的孩子的社交活动中，通过设定限制和经常提醒它们是什么，来发挥积极作用是如此重要的原因，当您制定这些指导方针时，请解释其背后的原因)”可知，作者建议家长在孩子的社交生活中设定限制，并且经常提醒孩子们这些限制，也就是社交规则，帮助孩子理解社交规则，故选D项。
34.推理判断题。根据第四段“Begin by helping your child learn sympathy (“Ben is crying. What’s making him so sad ”)(首先帮助孩子学会同情（(本在哭。是什么让他这么伤心 ”）)”以及“then suggest how he could resolve the problem (“Maybe he would feel better if you let him play the ball.”)(然后建议他如何解决这个问题(“如果你让他打球，也许他会感觉好些。”))”可知，这些引用是通过举例说明这两个建议：帮助孩子学会同情并解决问题，故选A项。
35.主旨大意题。根据第一段“For lots of kids, toddlerhood (幼儿期) is an important time for friendship. Studies show that the earlier kids learn to form positive relationships, the better they are at relating to others as teenagers and adults. Playing together also helps these kids practice social behaviors, such as kindness, sharing, and cooperation(对很多孩子来说，蹒跚学步是建立友谊的重要时刻。研究表明，孩子们越早学会建立积极的关系，他们在青少年和成年人时期就越善于与他人建立联系。一起玩耍也有助于这些孩子练习社交行为，如友善、分享和合作)”、第三段“Through play experiences, toddlers learn social rules. That’s why it’s so important to take an active role in your toddler’s social encounters by setting limits and offering frequent reminders of what they are(通过游戏体验，幼儿学习社会规则。这就是在你蹒跚学步的孩子的社交活动中，通过设定限制和经常提醒它们是什么，来发挥积极作用是如此重要的原因)”以及最后一段“Another way to encourage healthy social interaction is by encouraging kids to use words- not fists-to express how they feel.( 另一种鼓励健康社交的方法是鼓励孩子用语言而不是拳头来表达他们的感受。)”可知，本文主要讲的是家长如何帮助孩子学会爱，学会发展友谊，故选C项。
（2023新高考II卷）Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists’ representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.
In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses —absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.
Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智), wealth or faith of the subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks — transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.
Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity.
8. Where is the text most probably taken from
A. An introduction to a book. B. An essay on the art of writing.
C. A guidebook to a museum. D. A review of modern paintings.
9. What are the selected artworks about
A. Wealth and intellect. B. Home and school.
C. Books and reading. D. Work and leisure.
10. What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Understand. B. Paint.
C. Seize. D. Transform.
11. What does the author want to say by mentioning the e-reader
A. The printed book is not totally out of date. B. Technology has changed the way we read.
C. Our lives in the 21st century are networked. D. People now rarely have the patience to read.
【答案】8. B9. C10. A11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了印刷书籍和阅读对人类的重要意义。
8.推理判断题。通读全文，再根据文章第一段“Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. (Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers这一活动是为书籍这一日常物品办的典礼，这里有来自世界各地博物馆的近三百件艺术品)”以及倒数第二段“Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. (在印刷机广泛使用之前，书籍是珍贵的物品，它们本身就可以成为艺术品)”可推知，本文最有可能出自一篇关于著作艺术的文章。故选B。
9.细节理解题。通过文章第二段“artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. (艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点)”可知，选定的艺术品是关于书籍和阅读的。故选C。
10.词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. (艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点)”以及“These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments (这些场景可能是数百年前绘制的，但它们记录了一些时刻)”可推知，此处指书籍是人类之间相互联系和理解的纽带，故与画线短语“relate to”意思最相近的为A项“理解、认识到”。故选A。
11.推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader (它仍然像任何电池供电的电子阅读器一样具有互动性)”以及“printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity (印刷书籍仍然提供了完全私人的“离线”活动的机会)”可推知，本文作者提到电子阅读器想表达的是印刷书籍并没有完全过时。故选A。
（2023新高考II卷）As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.
Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being.
The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves.”
Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.
“We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study.
12. What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text
A. Pocket parks are now popular.
B. Wild nature is hard to find in cities.
C. Many cities are overpopulated.
D. People enjoy living close to nature.
13. Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories
A. To compare different types of park-goers.
B. To explain why the park attracts tourists.
C. To analyze the main features of the park.
D. To find patterns in the visitors’ summaries.
14. What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5
A. Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.
B. Young people are too busy to interact with nature.
C. The same nature experience takes different forms.
D. The nature language enhances work performance.
15. What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn
A. Language study.
B. Environmental conservation.
C. Public education.
D. Intercultural communication.
【答案】12. B13. D14. C15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。城市化让人们越来越难以接触到自然，但一项新研究发现城市中的野生自然对人类健康和幸福感具有重要影响。研究团队对一座大型城市公园的游客进行调查，发现与野生自然的互动可以创造出一种可用的语言，帮助人们认识和参与最令人满意和有意义的活动。该研究呼吁保护城市中的野生自然。
12.细节理解题。根据第一段内容“As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.(随着城市的飞速发展，生活在城市地区的人们越来越难以接近大自然。如果你幸运的话，你住的地方附近可能会有一个袖珍公园，但在城市里找到相对天然的地方是罕见的)”可知，文章开头作者讲述了一种现象，在城市里，人们很难找到野生的自然。故选B。
13.推理判断题。根据第三段的“They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. (他们调查了数百名公园游客，要求他们在网上提交一份书面总结，描述他们在公园里与大自然有意义的互动。然后，研究人员检查了这些提交的信息，将体验分为不同的类别)”可知，研究人员按照公园游客提交的在公园里与大自然互动的活动把游客分类，再根据第四段“Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. (在这320份提交的作品中，一种被研究人员称为“自然语言”的分类模式开始出现。在对所有提交的内容进行编码后，有六个类别被认为对游客最重要)”可知，研究人员对参与者提交的内容进行了分类，以便在游客的总结中找到模式，并确定对游客最重要的自然体验。通过这样做，他们能够创造一种“自然语言”，帮助人们认识并参与对他们来说最满意和最有意义的活动。选项D准确地反映了这一目的。故选D。
14.推理判断题。根据第五段内容“Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break. (命名每一种自然体验创造了一种可用的语言，这有助于人们认识并参与到对他们来说最满意和最有意义的活动中。例如，沿着水边散步的经历可能会让一个年轻的专业人士在周末去公园徒步旅行时感到满意。在工作日回到市中心，他们可以在午休时沿着喷泉散步，享受一种更居家的互动方式)”可知，本段讲述了自然体验创造一种可用的语言，有助于人们识别并参与对自己来说最满意最有意义的活动，接下来以一个年轻的专业人士参与自然的方式举例说明，去公园时沿着水边散步让他感到满意，回到市中心工作时他可以通过沿着喷泉散步获得满足。因此推知，从第五段的例子中我们可以知道一样的自然体验可以呈现不同的形式。故选C。
15.推理判断题。根据最后一段““We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study. (“我们正试图创造一种语言，帮助将人类与自然的互动带回我们的日常生活中。要做到这一点，我们还需要保护自然，这样我们才能与它互动，”该研究的资深作者彼得·卡恩说。)”可推断，彼得·卡恩认为在我们与大自然互动之前我们应该先要保护自然。故选B。
（2022新高考II卷）Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now rising sharply.
That is partly because people are driving more, but Mark Rosekind, the chief of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, said distracted（分心）driving was "only increasing, unfortunately."
"Big change requires big ideas." he said in a speech last month, referring broadly to the need to improve road safety. So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to an old approach: They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called the Textalyzer. It would work like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity. The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands-free driving laws.
"We need something on the books that can change people's behavior,” said Félix W. Ortiz, who pushed for the state's 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, "people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone."
28. Which of the following best describes the ban on drivers' texting in the US
A. Ineffective. B. Unnecessary.
C. Inconsistent. D. Unfair.
29. What can the Textalyzer help a police officer find out
A. Where a driver came from. B. Whether a driver used their phone.
C. How fast a driver was going. D. When a driver arrived at the scene.
30. What does the underlined word "something" in the last paragraph refer to
A. Advice. B. Data. C. Tests. D. Laws.
31. What is a suitable title for the text
A. To Drive or Not to Drive Think Before You Start
B. Texting and Driving Watch Out for the Textalyzer
C. New York Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers.
D. The Next Generation Cell Phone: The Textalyzer.
【答案】28. A 29. B 30. D 31. B
【导语】本文一篇说明文。为解决司机在开车时使用手机造成“分神”，引发交通事故的问题，纽约的一名立法者提出使用Textalyzer（短信监控器）的技术来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。
28. A。推理判断题。根据第一段中“Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.”（在过去的七年里，大多数州都禁止司机发短信，公共服务活动也尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。）以及第二段中“Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse.”（然而，无论以何种标准衡量，这个问题似乎都在恶化。）可知，大多数州使用了各种各样的方法说服司机们在开车的时候放下手机，可是情况却越来越糟糕。所以各种方法是无效的。A选项ineffective意为“无效的”，与此相符。故选A。
29. B。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands-free driving laws.”（这项技术可以确定司机是否发了短信、发了邮件，或者做了纽约免提驾驶法不允许的其他事情。）可知，Textalyzer能够确定的是司机是否使用了手机发短信、邮件以及其他驾驶法不允许的行为。B 选项意为“是否司机使用了手机。”与此相符，故选B。
30. D。词义猜测题。根据句中的“We need something on the books that can change people's behavior.”（我们需要一些能改变人们行为的东西，）可知，something是能够改变人们的行为的事情。根据下文的“If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, "people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone.”（他说，如果Textalyzer法案成为法律，“人们会更害怕拿起手机。）可知，人们的行为会改变的条件是当Textalyzer法案成为法律。收到法律的约束和惩罚，司机们才不会在开车的时候使用手机。故something指代的是法律。故选D。
31. B。主旨大意题。纵观全文，第一段和第二段阐述的是“虽然大多数州已经尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。可是问题却越来越严重”。第三段中“That is partly because people are driving more.”（部分原因是开车的人越来越多）可知，解释了该行为产生的部分原因。第四段至第五段讲述的是为了解决该问题是纽约立法者提出了一个新的想法即利用Textalyzer技术，来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。最后一段讲述的是：相关人士呼吁该项技术能够成为真正的法案由此才能真正的改变人们的行为。故B选项Texting and Driving Watch Out for the Textalyzer（发短信还是在开车？防范短信监控器。）适合文章的标题。故选B。
（2022新高考II卷）As we age, even if we’re healthy, the heart just isn’t as efficient in processing oxygen as it used to be. In most people the first signs show up in their 50s or early 60s. And among people who don’t exercise, the changes can start even sooner.
“Think of a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become dry and easily broken,” says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University of Texas. That’s what happens to the heart. Fortunately for those in midlife, Levine is finding that even if you haven’t been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape now may help improve your aging heart.
Levine and his research team selected volunteers aged between 45 and 64 who did not exercise much but were otherwise healthy. Participants were randomly divided into two groups. The first group participated in a program of nonaerobic (无氧) exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week. After two years, the second group saw remarkable improvements in heart health.
“We took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30-or 35-year-old hearts,” says Levine. “And the reason they got so much stronger and fitter was that their hearts could now fill a lot better and pump (泵送) a lot more blood during exercise.” But the hearts of those who participated in less intense exercise didn’t change, he says.
“The sweet spot in life to start exercising, if you haven’t already, is in late middle age when the heart still has flexibility,” Levine says. “We put healthy 70-year-olds through a yearlong exercise training program, and nothing happened to them at all.”
Dr. Nieca Goldberg, a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association, says Levine’s findings are a great start. But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.
32. What does Levine want to explain by mentioning the rubber band
A. The right way of exercising. B. The causes of a heart attack.
C. The difficulty of keeping fit. D. The aging process of the heart.
33. In which aspect were the two groups different in terms of research design
A. Diet plan. B. Professional background.
C. Exercise type. D. Previous physical condition.
34. What does Levine’s research find
A. Middle-aged hearts get younger with aerobic exercise.
B. High-intensity exercise is more suitable for the young.
C. It is never too late for people to start taking exercise.
D. The more exercise we do, the stronger our hearts get.
35. What does Dr. Nieca Goldberg suggest
A. Making use of the findings. B. Interviewing the study participants.
C. Conducting further research. D. Clarifying the purpose of the study.
【答案】32. D 33. C 34. A 35. C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是锻炼对于心脏的好处。
32. D。推理判断题。根据第二段的““Think of a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become dry and easily broken,” says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University of Texas. That’s what happens to the heart.(“想想橡皮筋。一开始，它是灵活的，但把它放在抽屉里20年，它就会变得干燥，很容易破碎，”德克萨斯大学的心脏专家本·莱文博士说。这就是心脏的变化。)”可知，莱文想通过提到橡皮筋来解释心脏的老化过程，故选D。
33. C。推理判断题。根据第三段的“The first group participated in a program of nonaerobic exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week.(第一组每周参加三次非有氧运动——平衡训练和重量训练。第二组在教练的指导下每周进行4天或更多的高强度有氧运动。)”可知，两组在研究设计上的不同在于运动类型的不同，故选C。
34. A。细节理解题。根据第三段的“The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week. After two years, the second group saw remarkable improvements in heart health.(第二组在教练的指导下每周进行4天或更多的高强度有氧运动。两年后，第二组的心脏健康状况有了显著改善。)”和第四段的““We took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30-or 35-year-old hearts,” says Levine.(莱文说:“我们把这些50岁的心脏的时钟拨回30或35岁的心脏。”)”可知，莱文的研究发现了通过有氧运动，中年人的心脏会变得更年轻，故选A。
35. C。推理判断题。根据最后一段的“But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.(但这项研究的规模很小，需要在更大的人群中重复进行，以确定日常锻炼的哪些方面会产生最大的影响。)”可知，妮卡·戈德堡博士建议进行进一步的研究。故选C。
（2021新高考II卷）A British woman who won a S1 million prize after she was named the World's Best Teacher will use the cash to bring inspirational figures into UK schools.
Andria Zafirakou,a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted to bring about a classroom revolution (变革). “We are going to make a change, ”she said.“I’ve started a project to promote the teaching of the arts in our schools.”
The project results from the difficulties many schools have in getting artists of any sort - whether an up-and-coming local musician or a major movie star - into schools to work with and inspire children.
Zafirakou began the project at Alperton Community School her place of work for the past twelve years. “I've seen those magic moments when children are talking to someone they are inspired by - their eyes are shining and their faces light up,” she said. “We need artists . more than ever in our schools."
Artist Michael Craig-Martin said: “Andria's brilliant project to bring artists from all fields into direct contact with children is particularly welcome at a time when the arts are being downgraded in schools." It was a mistake to see the arts as unnecessary, he added.
Historian Sir Simon Schama is also a supporter of the project. He said that arts education in schools was not just an add-on. “It is absolutely necessary. The future depends on creativity and creativity depends on the young. What will remain of us when artificial intelligence takes over will be our creativity, and it is our creative spirit, our visionary sense of freshness,that has been our strength for centuries."
28. What will Zafirakou do with her prize money
A. Make a movie. B. Build new schools.
C. Run a project. D. Help local musicians.
29. What does Craig-Martin think of the teaching of the arts in UK schools
A. It is particularly difficult. B. It increases artists' income.
C. It opens children's mind. D. It deserves greater attention.
30. What should be stressed in school education according to Schama
A. Moral principles. B. Interpersonal skills.
C. Creative abilities. D. Positive worldviews.
31. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. Bring Artists to Schools B. When Historians Meet Artists
C. Arts Education in Britain D. The World's Best Arts Teacher
【答案】28. C 29. A 30. C 31. A
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了英国一名女子在被评为世界最佳教师后获得了100万英镑的奖金，她将用这笔奖金发起一个项目，让艺术家进入学校。
28.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Andria Zafirakou,a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted to bring about a classroom revolution. “We are going to make a change,” she said. “I’ve started a project to promote the teaching of the arts in our schools.”（伦敦北部中学教师安德里亚·扎菲拉库(Andria Zafirakou)表示，她想掀起一场课堂革命。“我们将做出改变，”她说。“我已经启动了一个项目，以促进我们学校的艺术教学。”）”可知，Zafirakou打算用自己的奖金运行一个项目。故选C。
29.推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The project results from the difficulties many schools have in getting artists of any sort - whether an up-and-coming local musician or a major movie star - into schools to work with and inspire children.（许多学校很难让任何类型艺术家——无论是当地崭露头角的音乐家还是主要的电影明星——进入学校，与孩子们一起工作并激励他们，因此才有了这个项目。）”可知，Craig-Martin认为，英国学校的艺术教学尤其困难。故选A。
30.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“It is absolutely necessary. The future depends on creativity and creativity depends on the young.（这是绝对必要的。未来取决于创造力，而创造力取决于年轻人。）”可知，Schama认为学校教育应该强调创造力。故选C。
31.主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Andria Zafirakou, a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted to bring about a classroom revolution. “We are going to make a change,”she said.“I’ve started a project to promote the teaching of the arts in our schools.”（伦敦北部中学教师安德里亚·扎菲拉库(Andria Zafirakou)表示，她想掀起一场课堂革命。“我们将做出改变，”她说。“我已经启动了一个项目，以促进我们学校的艺术教学。”）”可知，文章讲述了Andria Zafirakou用自己的奖金启动了一个项目，将艺术家带进学校，促进艺术教学。故选A。
（2021新高考II卷）An Australian professor is developing a robot to monitor the health of grazing cattle, a development that could bring big changes to a profession that's relied largely on a low-tech approach for decades but is facing a labor shortage.
Salah Sukkarieh, a professor at the University of Sydney, sees robots as necessary given how cattlemen are aging. He is building a four-wheeled robot that will run on solar and electric power. It will use cameras and sensors to monitor the animals. A computer system will analyze the video to determine whether a cow is sick. Radio tags (标签) on the animals will measure temperature changes. The quality of grassland will be tracked by monitoring the shape, color and texture (质地) of grass. That way, cattlemen will know whether they need to move their cattle to another field for nutrition purposes.
Machines have largely taken over planting, watering and harvesting crops such as com and wheat, but the monitoring of cattle has gone through fewer changes.
For Texas cattleman Pete Bonds, it's increasingly difficult to find workers interested in watching cattle. But Bonds doesn't believe a robot is right for the job. Years of experience in the industry - and failed attempts to use technology - have convinced him that the best way to check cattle is with a man on a horse. Bonds, who bought his first cattle almost 50 years ago, still has each of his cowboys inspect 300 or 400 cattle daily and look for signs that an animal is getting sick.
Other cattlemen see more promise in robots. Michael Kelsey Paris, vice president of the Oklahoma Cattlemen's Association, said a robot could be extremely useful given rising concerns about cattle theft. Cattle tend to be kept in remote places and their value has risen, making them appealing targets.
32. What is a problem with the cattle-raising industry
A. Soil pollution. B. Lack of workers.
C. Aging machines. D. Low profitability.
33. What will Sukkarieh's robot be able to do
A. Monitor the quality of grass. B. Cure the diseased cattle.
C. Move cattle to another field. D. Predict weather changes.
34. Why does Pete Bonds still hire cowboys to watch cattle
A. He wants to help them earn a living.
B. He thinks men can do the job better.
C. He is inexperienced in using robots.
D. He enjoys the traditional way of life.
35. How may robots help with cattle watching according to Michael Kelsey
A. Increase the value of cattle. B. Bring down the cost of labor.
C. Make the job more appealing. D. Keep cattle from being stolen.
【答案】32. B 33. A 34. B 35. D
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了澳大利亚一名教授正在开发一种机器人，用于监测放牧牛的健康状况。
32.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“An Australian professor is developing a robot to monitor the health of grazing cattle, a development that could bring big changes to a profession that's relied largely on a low-tech approach for decades but is facing a labor shortage.（澳大利亚一名教授正在开发一种机器人，用于监测放牧牛的健康状况，这一开发可能会给畜牧业带来重大变化。几十年来，畜牧业主要依靠低技术手段，但目前正面临劳动力短缺的问题。）”可知，畜牧产业面临劳动力短缺的问题。故选B。
33.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The quality of grassland will be tracked by monitoring the shape, color and texture (质地) of grass.（通过监测草形状、颜色和质地来跟踪草地的质量。）”可知，Sukkarieh的机器人可以监测草的质量。故选A。
34.细节理解题。根据文章第四段“But Bonds doesn't believe a robot is right for the job. Years of experience in the industry - and failed attempts to use technology - have convinced him that the best way to check cattle is with a man on a horse.（但邦兹认为机器人并不适合这份工作。多年的行业经验——以及使用技术的失败尝试——使他确信，检查牛的最好方法是让一名男子骑在马上。）”可知，皮特·邦兹仍然雇佣牛仔看牛是因为他认为人能做得更好。故选B。
35.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Michael Kelsey Paris, vice president of the Oklahoma Cattlemen's Association, said a robot could be extremely useful given rising concerns about cattle theft.（俄克拉荷马州养牛人协会副会长迈克尔·凯尔西·帕里斯说，鉴于人们对偷牛的担忧不断上升，机器人可能会非常有用。）”可知，机器人帮助照看牛，可以防止牛被偷。故选D。
模拟专区：做好题才有好成绩！练技能，补漏洞，提分数，强信心！
（2024·河南南阳·一模）Do you want to ensure your child hits their expected developmental milestones New UBC research suggests living in areas with high exposure to green space can help set them up for success.
For the study, the researchers at UBC analyzed the developmental scores of 27,372 children in Metro Vancouver who attended kindergarten between 2005 and 2011.They estimated the amount of green space around each child’s residence from birth to age five. They also assessed levels of traffic-related air pollution and community noise.
The results highlight the fundamental importance of natural green spaces like street trees, parks and community gardens. “Most of the children were doing well in their development, in terms of language skills, cognitive (认知的) capacity, socialization and other outcomes,” says Ingrid Jarvis, a PhD candidate in the department of forest and conservation sciences at UBC． “But what’s interesting is that those children living in a residential location with more vegetation and richer natural environments showed better overall development than their peers with less green space.”
According to the researchers, the reason for this is partly green spaces’ ability to reduce the harmful effects of air pollution and noise - environmental challenges that have been shown to adversely (不利地) affect children’s health and development through increased stress, sleep disturbances and central nervous system damage. “Few studies have investigated this pathway linking green space and developmental outcomes among children,” adds Jarvis.
The researchers assessed early childhood development using the Early Development Instrument (EDI), a survey completed by kindergarten teachers for each child. The tool measures a child’s ability to meet age-appropriate developmental expectations.
“More research is needed, but our findings suggest that urban planning efforts to increase green space in residential neighbourhoods and around schools are beneficial for early childhood development, with potential health benefits throughout life,” says the study’s senior author Matilda Bosch. “Time in nature can benefit everyone, but if we want our children to have a good head start, it’s important to provide an enriching environment through nature contact.”
1．Which is a key factor in the researchers’ study
A．The kids’ scores from school exams.
B．The average IQ score of the subjects.
C．The green space where the kids lived.
D．The air pollution level of the whole city.
2．What’s the message implied in Paragraph 4
A．Air pollution is largely to blame for kids’ failures.
B．Kids living in a noisy area tend to feel more stressed.
C．Pollution harms kids’ nervous system more than noise.
D．Greenspace is directly linked to kids’ mental development.
3．What does Matilda Bosch stress in the last paragraph
A．The importance of nature in kids’ growth.
B．The role of research in scientific work.
C．The proper way of giving a good start to kids.
D．The urgency of expanding greenspace in cities.
4．What could be a suitable title for the text
A．What Are the Health Effects of Noise Pollution
B．Green Spaces: A guarantee for Kids’ Future Success
C．Urban Green Space and Its Impact on Human Health
D．Time in Nature Aids Early Childhood Development
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍加拿大一所大学研究所开展的一项研究表明，居住地环境的绿地面积对孩子们的学业水平以及未来事业成功都起到了重要的作用，并且会影响他们的一生。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“For the study, the researchers at UBC analyzed the developmental scores of 27,372 children in Metro Vancouver who attended kindergarten between 2005 and 2011.They estimated the amount of green space around each child’s residence from birth to age five. They also assessed levels of traffic-related air pollution and community noise. (在这项研究中，UBC的研究人员分析了2005年至2011年间在大温哥华地区上幼儿园的27,372名儿童的发展分数。他们估计了每个孩子从出生到五岁的住所周围的绿地面积。他们还评估了与交通有关的空气污染水平和社区噪音。)”可知，研究人员分析的关键数据之一就是这些孩子们居住地的绿地面积。故选C
2．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“According to the researchers, the reason for this is partly green spaces’ ability to reduce the harmful effects of air pollution and noise - environmental challenges that have been shown to adversely (不利地) affect children’s health and development through increased stress, sleep disturbances and central nervous system damage. (据研究人员称，造成这种情况的部分原因是绿地能够减少空气污染和噪音的有害影响——环境挑战已经被证明会通过增加压力、睡眠障碍和中枢神经系统损伤对儿童的健康和发展产生不利影响。)”可知，居住地的噪音会加大孩子们的心理压力。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的““Time in nature can benefit everyone, but if we want our children to have a good head start, it’s important to provide an enriching environment through nature contact.” (“在大自然中度过的时光对每个人都有好处，但如果我们希望我们的孩子有一个良好的开端，重要的是通过与大自然接触来提供一个丰富的环境。”)”可知，Matilda Bosch强调了大自然在孩子们的健康成长中所起到的重要作用。故选A。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲加拿大一所大学研究所开展的一项研究表明，居住地环境的绿地面积对孩子们的学业水平以及未来事业成功都起到了重要的作用，并且会影响他们的一生。D项“大自然中的时间有助于儿童早期发展”符合题意。故选D
（2024·河南周口·一模）Though known for being violent, six-foot-long Humboldt squid (鱿鱼) in the Pacific Ocean, are good communicators,
It is not news that the squid can rapidly change the color of their skin-making different patterns for communication something other squid species are also known to do.
Bot it is totally dark where the Humboldt squid live, more than one thousand feet below the ocean surface. So their pattern is invisible. Instead, a new study suggests that they create backlighting for the patterns by making their bodies glow, like the screen of an ereader.
“Right now, what blows my mind in there’s probably squid talking to each other in the deep ocean and they’re probably sharing all sorts of cool information.” said Ben Burford, a graduate student at Stanford University.
Burford and his fallow researchers studied deep-water recordings made by remotely operated vehicles off the California coast. They found the squid make around 30 different patterns, some of which are only used around other squid, suggesting they’re used for communication, The squid also appear to reorder the patterns, almost like words in a sentence.
“That’s really exciting because then you can say a whole lot more based on their arrangement,” Burford said. “So, they could for instance say, hey, that fish over there is mine, and I’m the ruling squid.”
The findings could change the way scientists think about bioluminescence (生物荧光), which is used by many deep-sea animals to attract prey or a mate.
“We generally think of deep: sea stuff as having very simple displays because it’s a low-light environment,” said Mike Vecchione, a zoologist from the National Museum of Natural Museum of Natural History. “This turns some of our ideas about bioluminescence almost around upside down.”
The deep ocean is a challenging place to study, so Vecchione said there may be much more complexity to discover.
5．Which of the following is right about the Humboldt squid
A．They are quite friendly to deep-sea animals.
B．They are much bigger than any other squid.
C．They can communicate in a low-light environment.
D．They have better ability to survive the violent ocean.
6．How did Burford and his team study the Humboldt squid living deep in the ocean
A．By studying former recordings. B．By discussing with other scientists.
C．By comparing different types of squid. D．By using machines of high rechnology.
7．What do scientists commonly think of the use of bioluminescence by deep-sea animals
A．It is used by deep-sea animals in a simple way.
B．It makes deep-sea animals more mysterious.
C．It makes the Humboldt squid easy to be found.
D．It makes it easy for the Humboldt sqord to communicate.
8．What is these scientists’ biggest discovery of the Humboldt squid
A．Their ability to ling deep in the water. B．Their unique use of bioluminescence.
C．Their hard living conditions in the sea. D．Their ways to attract preys or mates.
【答案】5．C 6．D 7．A 8．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了洪堡鱿鱼可以在弱光环境中交流，并且它们在深海中利用生物发光来吸引猎物或配偶。
5．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Bot it is totally dark where the Humboldt squid live, more than one thousand feet below the ocean surface. So their pattern is invisible. Instead, a new study suggests that they create backlighting for the patterns by making their bodies glow, like the screen of an e-reader.(但是洪堡鱿鱼生活的地方是完全黑暗的，在海面下一千多英尺。所以它们的模式是看不见的。相反，一项新的研究表明，它们通过让自己的身体发光来为这些图案创造背光，就像电子书的屏幕一样)”和文章第四段““Right now, what blows my mind in there’s probably squid talking to each other in the deep ocean and they’re probably sharing all sorts of cool information.” said Ben Burford, a graduate student at Stanford University.(“现在，让我感到震惊的可能是鱿鱼在深海中相互交谈，它们可能正在分享各种很酷的信息。”斯坦福大学研究生本·伯福德说)”可知，它们可以在弱光环境中交流。故选C。
6．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Burford and his fallow researchers studied deep-water recordings made by remotely operated vehicles off the California coast.(伯福德和他的休假研究人员研究了加州海岸外由遥控车辆录制的深水记录)”可推知，伯福德和他的团队使用高科技机器研究生活在海洋深处的洪堡鱿鱼。故选D。
7．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段““We generally think of deep: sea stuff as having very simple displays because it’s a low-light environment,” said Mike Vecchione, a zoologist from the National Museum of Natural Museum of Natural History.(“我们通常认为深海生物的表现非常简单，因为它是一个弱光环境，”国家自然博物馆的动物学家迈克·维奇奥内说)”可推知，科学家们通常认为深海动物以一种简单的方式利用生物发光。故选A。
8．推理判断题。根据文章第第七段“The findings could change the way scientists think about bioluminescence (生物荧光), which is used by many deep-sea animals to attract prey or a mate.(这一发现可能会改变科学家对生物发光的看法，许多深海动物利用生物发光来吸引猎物或配偶)”和文章倒数第二段““We generally think of deep: sea stuff as having very simple displays because it’s a low-light environment,” said Mike Vecchione, a zoologist from the National Museum of Natural Museum of Natural History. “This turns some of our ideas about bioluminescence almost around upside down.”(“我们通常认为深海生物的表现非常简单，因为它是一个弱光环境，”国家自然博物馆的动物学家迈克·维奇奥内(Mike Vecchione)说。“这几乎颠覆了我们对生物发光的一些看法。”)”可推知，这些科学家对洪堡鱿鱼最大的发现是它们吸引猎物或配偶的方式。故选D。
（2024·安徽淮北·一模）There are two distinctive types of electric buses making their way along Nanjing Xi Lu, one of Shanghai’s busiest roads. The first is a fleet of blue trolleybuses that serve bus route number 20, a line set up by a British-run transport company in 1928. They use poles to receive electricity from wires overhead and have kept the route running in this way for nearly a century. But while the historic electric buses are a reminder of Europe’s past technological innovation, the new buses traveling alongside them are symbols of China’s contemporary net-zero ambition. These modern electric buses powered by lithium batteries (锂电池) , were introduced in Shanghai in 2014. They offer a smoother ride, especially during starts and stops. Widely used across China, these buses are key to the country’s EV transition and are influencing the global shift towards green transportation.
The most recent data available shows that China in 2018 was still the second largest source of carbon dioxide emissions in the global transport sector, responsible for 11%, and behind only the United States, which accounted for 21%. After around two decades of government support, China now boasts the world’s largest market for e-buses, making up more than 95% of global stock. At the end of 2022, China’s Ministry of Transport announced that more than three-quarters (77% or 542, 600) of all urban buses in the country were new energy vehicles. The speed of this transition was remarkable.
So far, however, the Chinese cities with the most successful e-bus introduction — such as Shenzhen, Beijing and Shanghai — all have moderate weather and are relatively flat. To take its e-bus campaign to the next level, China faces challenges. For one thing, it is difficult to bring fleets to cities such as Hong Kong, which — like London — have double-deckers. These two-storeyed vehicles are “very hard” to electrify, because they are heavier, use more energy, and so need bigger batteries, reducing the number of passengers they can carry. Cold weather is a problem, too, as it can make a battery’s charging time longer and its range shorter. The reason China has not achieved 100% electrification for its buses is its northern regions, which have cold winters, says Xue Lulu, a transportation expert at the World Resources Institute China.
9．How does the author describe the two types of electric buses in the first paragraph
A．By contrasting their historical significance and technological advancements.
B．By highlighting their roles in protecting the environment and lasting use.
C．By focusing merely on their technical details and performance.
D．By explaining their operational challenges and requirements.
10．What do the numbers in paragraph 2 mainly show
A．The global impact of carbon dioxide emissions.
B．The progress of China in reducing CO2 emissions.
C．The different emission levels of China and the USA．
D．The need for more government support in e-bus market.
11．What factor contributes to the slow adoption of electric buses in China’s northern regions
A．Poor winter weather conditions. B．Lack of transportation experts.
C．Short charging time of the battery. D．Heavier and bigger bus bodies.
12．Which column is the text most probably taken from
A．Worklife. B．Culture. C．Travel. D．Earth.
【答案】9．A 10．B 11．A 12．C
【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了中国电动公交车的取得的巨大进步，保护了环境，减少了碳排放量。
9．推理判断题。根据第一段内容“There are two distinctive types of electric buses making their way along Nanjing Xi Lu, one of Shanghai’s busiest roads. The first is a fleet of blue trolleybuses that serve bus route number 20, a line set up by a British-run transport company in 1928. They use poles to receive electricity from wires overhead and have kept the route running in this way for nearly a century. But while the historic electric buses are a reminder of Europe’s past technological innovation, the new buses traveling alongside them are symbols of China’s contemporary net-zero ambition. These modern electric buses powered by lithium batteries (锂电池) , were introduced in Shanghai in 2014. They offer a smoother ride, especially during starts and stops. Widely used across China, these buses are key to the country’s EV transition and are influencing the global shift towards green transportation.(南京西路是上海最繁忙的道路之一，有两种不同类型的电动公交车在南京西路行驶。第一个是行驶20号线路的蓝色无轨电车车队，这条线路是1928年由一家英国运输公司设立的。他们用电线杆从头顶的电线上接收电力，并以这种方式保持了近一个世纪的运行。然而，尽管这些历史悠久的电动巴士让人想起了欧洲过去的技术创新，但与它们一起行驶的新巴士却象征着中国当代的零净雄心。这些由锂电池驱动的现代电动巴士于2014年在上海推出。它们提供了更平稳的驾驶，特别是在启动和停止时。这些公交车在中国广泛使用，是中国电动汽车转型的关键，并正在影响全球向绿色交通的转变。)”可推断，作者通过对比它们的历史意义和技术进步描述了这两种类型的电动巴士，故选A。
10．推理判断题。根据第二段内容“The most recent data available shows that China in 2018 was still the second largest source of carbon dioxide emissions in the global transport sector, responsible for 11%, and behind only the United States, which accounted for 21%. After around two decades of government support, China now boasts the world’s largest market for e-buses, making up more than 95% of global stock. At the end of 2022, China’s Ministry of Transport announced that more than three-quarters (77% or 542, 600) of all urban buses in the country were new energy vehicles. The speed of this transition was remarkable.(最新数据显示，2018年，中国仍是全球交通运输部门二氧化碳排放的第二大来源，占11%，仅次于美国的21%。经过大约20年的政府支持，中国现在拥有世界上最大的电动公交车市场，占全球电动公交车库存的95%以上。2022年底，中国交通运输部宣布，全国超过四分之三(77%或542,600辆)的城市公交车是新能源汽车。这种转变的速度是惊人的。)”可知,这些数字表明2018年中国的交通运输碳排放还是比较严重的，20年的努力后，电动公交车占全球公交车库存的95%以上，城市公交车又大约542600辆是新能源，因此推断这些数字说明了中国在减少碳排放方面取得的巨大进展。故选B。
11．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“The reason China has not achieved 100% electrification for its buses is its northern regions, which have cold winters, says Xue Lulu, a transportation expert at the World Resources Institute China.(世界资源研究所(World Resources Institute China)交通专家薛璐璐说，中国没有实现公交车100%电动化的原因是北方地区冬季寒冷。)”可知，导致中国北方地区电动公交车采用缓慢的原因是天气寒冷。故选A。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段的“There are two distinctive types of electric buses making their way along Nanjing Xi Lu, one of Shanghai’s busiest roads.( 南京西路是上海最繁忙的道路之一，有两种不同类型的电动公交车在南京西路行驶。)”和“Widely used across China, these buses are key to the country’s EV transition and are influencing the global shift towards green transportation.( 这些公交车在中国广泛使用，是中国电动汽车转型的关键，并正在影响全球向绿色交通的转变。)”最后一段的“So far, however, the Chinese cities with the most successful e-bus introduction — such as Shenzhen, Beijing and Shanghai — all have moderate weather and are relatively flat. To take its e-bus campaign to the next level, China faces challenges.( 然而，到目前为止，引进电动公交车最成功的中国城市——如深圳、北京和上海——都是气候温和、地势相对平坦的城市。要让电动公交车运动更上一层台阶，中国面临着挑战。)”可知，本文主要讲述了中国电动公交车的现状。应属于travel栏目。故选C。
（2024·安徽淮北·一模）As I write this, a Bob Seger song is stuck in my head. It’s been playing on repeat ever since I heard it in a movie. I hated it a lot when it first came out years ago, and I still really hate it now. Why, oh why, does an earworm happen This phenomenon, known as an earworm, is both fascinating and annoying. Earworms are a type of auditory imagery, where we perceive a tone without actually hearing it. When a familiar song is heard and suddenly stopped, some areas of the brain become overly activated in expectation of hearing the rest of the song, and then it fills in the missing pieces.
Anyone can experience earworms, but certain personality characteristics, like openness to experience, may increase their frequency. You may have seen a popular TikTok recently of a guy saying earworms aren’t normal but are instead symptoms of ADHD (多动症) or OCD (强迫症). That’s generally not the case. “It is entirely normal to experience earworms: Over 90% of participants in large-scale surveys report having had earworms at least once a week, and they are not a symptom of any other underlying mental condition,” says Jakubowski. Interestingly, earworms aren’t all bad. Research indicates that they can enhance our ability to recall past events, as the repetitive nature of the song strengthens our memory.
There are several strategies to get rid of earworms. Listening to the entire song can help resolve the unfinished loop. Alternatively, distracting yourself with another melody or engaging in activities that require focus can also be effective. Chewing gum or eating something crunchy may interrupt the song playing in your head. Despite these strategies, sometimes the best approach is to simply accept the presence of the 《2024年高考英语名校真题二轮零失误规范训练》（九省专用）
专题10 阅读理解说明文3年32题+最新模拟16篇（真题+模拟）
原卷版
目 录
技能专区 1
真题专区 1
模拟专区 11
技能专区：冲刺备考名师提醒，洞悉高考命题规律，提供高效提分干货
一、阅读理解说明文细节理解题注意落实“定位原文”和“同义替换”技巧。
二、数据计算题注重“原文定位”和“细节理解”，弄清来龙去脉再计算。
三、重视说明文“倒三角形”结构，特别是首段和段首的独特作用。
四、标题概括题重视三性：概括性、简洁性和新颖性；同时联系首段和关键词。
五、说明文长难句较多增加了理解的难度，落实“括号法”，（从句）（非谓语）
（介词短语）（名词短语）。
六、规范训练目标：做标记，留痕迹；零失误；限时6分钟/每篇。
真题专区：练真题，明方向；练技巧，提能力；练速度，提分数！
（2024九省联考）Parrots are prey animals, which means that other predators (捕食者) in the wild, such as hawks or snakes, are looking to make them into a meal. This one factor influences parrots’ behavior in your house more than any other.
Parrots are most easily hurt when feeding on the ground; membership in a group plays an important function in ensuring their safety and improving their chances of survival from attacks by predators. The most common predators of parrots include hawks, snakes, cats, monkeys, and bats. Some predators make attacks only during the day while others hunt in the night.
As prey animals, parrots are constantly watching out for danger and they instinctively (本能地) react to risks. Their first choice is to take flight. However, if this is not possible, they will fight with their powerful beaks to defend themselves.
Because their biggest enemy is the hawk, parrots are especially reactive to quick movements from above and behind. For this reason, it is wise to avoid quick, sudden movements near your bird. This is a built-in reaction not subject to logic or reason. Simple and relatively harmless household objects can draw extreme fear responses from a bird. For example, a balloon may represent a hawk or a vacuum hose (吸尘器软管) may be the same as a snake in your bird’s mind.
As prey animals, parrots are often frightened by exposure to new household items or strangers. It is important to expose your bird to safe experiences and changes starting at a very young age to build flexibility and improve their adaptability. Variety in diet and toys, travel, and exposure to new people and places all help to make your bird more flexible and adaptable to change.
24. What is important for parrots to better survive from attacks in the wild
A. Living in a group. B. Growing beautiful feathers.
C. Feeding on the ground. D. Avoiding coming out at night.
25. What is parrots’ first response to an immediate risk
A. To attack back. B. To get away.
C. To protect the young. D. To play dead.
26. Why would a balloon frighten a parrot
A. It may explode suddenly. B. It may be in a strange shape.
C. It may have a strong color. D. It may move around quickly.
27. What is the author’s purpose of writing the text
A. To explain wild parrots' behavior. B. To give advice on raising a parrot.
C. To call for action to protect animals. D. To introduce a study on bird ecology.
（2024九省联考）In his 1936 work How to Win Friends and Influence People, Dale Carnegie wrote: “I have come to the conclusion that there is only one way to get the best of an argument — and that is to avoid it.” This distaste for arguments is common, but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes problems for our personal and social lives — and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place.
Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights, which is how we often think of them. Like physical fights, verbal (言语的) fights can leave both sides bloodied. Even when you win, you end up no better off. You would be feeling almost as bad if arguments were even just competitions — like, say, tennis tournaments. Pairs of opponents hit the ball back and forth until one winner comes out from all who entered. Everybody else loses. This kind of thinking explains why so many people try to avoid arguments.
However, there are ways to win an argument every time. When you state your position, formulate (阐述) an argument for what you claim and honestly ask yourself whether your argument is any good. When you talk with someone who takes a stand, ask them to give you a reason for their view and spell out their argument fully. Assess its strength and weakness. Raise objections (异议) and listen carefully to their replies. This method will require effort, but practice will make you better at it.
These tools can help you win every argument — not in the unhelpful sense of beating your opponents but in the better sense of learning about what divides people, learning why they disagree with us and learning to talk and work together with them. If we readjust our view of arguments — from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain respect and understanding from each other — then we change the very nature of what it means to “win” an argument.
28. What is the author’s attitude toward Carnegie’s understanding of argument
A. Critical. B. Supportive. C. Tolerant. D. Uncertain,
29. Why do many people try to avoid arguments
A. They lack debating skills.
B. They may feel bad even if they win.
C. They fear being ignored.
D. They are not confident in themselves.
30. What does the underlined phrase “spell out” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Defend. B. Explain. C. Conclude. D. Repeat.
31. What is the key to “winning” an argument according to the author
A. Sense of logic. B. Solid supporting evidence.
C. Proper manners. D. Understanding from both sides.
（2024九省联考）For lots of kids, toddlerhood (幼儿期) is an important time for friendship. Studies show that the earlier kids learn to form positive relationships, the better they are at relating to others as teenagers and adults. Playing together also helps these kids practice social behaviors, such as kindness, sharing, and cooperation.
Even so, how quickly your child develops into a social creature may also depend on his temperament (性格). Some toddlers are very social, but others are shy. In addition, the way' that toddlers demonstrate that they like other children is markedly different from what adults think of as expressions of friendship. Research at Ohio State University in Columbus found that a toddler’s way of saying “I like you” during play is likely to come in the form of copying a friend’s behavior.
This seemingly unusual way of demonstrating fondness can result in unpleasant behavior, Regardless of how much they like a playmate, they may still grab his toys, refuse to share, and get bossy. But experts say that this is a normal and necessary part of friendship for kids this age. Through play experiences, toddlers learn social rules. That’s why it's so important to take an active role in your toddler’s social encounters by setting limits and offering frequent reminders of what they are. When you establish these guidelines, explain the reasons behind them.
Begin by helping your child learn sympathy (“Ben is crying. What's making him so sad ”), then suggest how he could resolve the problem (“Maybe he would feel better if you let him play the ball.”). When your child shares or shows empathy (同理心) toward a friend, praise him (“Ben stopped crying! You made him feel better.”).
Another way to encourage healthy social interaction is by encouraging kids to use words -- not fists -- to express how they feel. It's also important to be mindful of how your child's personality affects playtime. Kids are easy to get angry when they’re sleepy or hungry, so schedule playtime when they’re refreshed.
32. What does it indicate when toddlers copy their playmates’ behavior
A. They are interested in acting. B. They are shy with the strangers.
C. They are fond of their playmates. D. They are tired of playing games.
33. What does the author suggest parents do for their kids
A. Design games for them. B. Find them suitable playmates.
C. Play together with them. D. Help them understand social rules.
34. What is the function of the quoted statements in paragraph 4
A. Giving examples. B. Explaining concepts.
C. Providing evidence. D. Making comparisons.
35. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. How Children Adapt to Changes B. How to Be a Role Model for Children
C. How Your Baby Learns to Love D. How to Communicate with Your Kid
（2023新高考II卷）Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists’ representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.
In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses —absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.
Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智), wealth or faith of the subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks — transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.
Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity.
8. Where is the text most probably taken from
A. An introduction to a book. B. An essay on the art of writing.
C. A guidebook to a museum. D. A review of modern paintings.
9. What are the selected artworks about
A. Wealth and intellect. B. Home and school.
C. Books and reading. D. Work and leisure.
10. What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Understand. B. Paint.
C. Seize. D. Transform.
11. What does the author want to say by mentioning the e-reader
A. The printed book is not totally out of date. B. Technology has changed the way we read.
C. Our lives in the 21st century are networked. D. People now rarely have the patience to read.
（2023新高考II卷）As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.
Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being.
The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves.”
Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.
“We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study.
12. What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text
A. Pocket parks are now popular.
B. Wild nature is hard to find in cities.
C. Many cities are overpopulated.
D. People enjoy living close to nature.
13. Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories
A. To compare different types of park-goers.
B. To explain why the park attracts tourists.
C. To analyze the main features of the park.
D. To find patterns in the visitors’ summaries.
14. What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5
A. Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.
B. Young people are too busy to interact with nature.
C. The same nature experience takes different forms.
D. The nature language enhances work performance.
15. What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn
A. Language study.
B. Environmental conservation.
C. Public education.
D. Intercultural communication.
（2022新高考II卷）Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now rising sharply.
That is partly because people are driving more, but Mark Rosekind, the chief of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, said distracted（分心）driving was "only increasing, unfortunately."
"Big change requires big ideas." he said in a speech last month, referring broadly to the need to improve road safety. So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to an old approach: They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called the Textalyzer. It would work like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity. The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands-free driving laws.
"We need something on the books that can change people's behavior,” said Félix W. Ortiz, who pushed for the state's 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, "people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone."
28. Which of the following best describes the ban on drivers' texting in the US
A. Ineffective. B. Unnecessary.
C. Inconsistent. D. Unfair.
29. What can the Textalyzer help a police officer find out
A. Where a driver came from. B. Whether a driver used their phone.
C. How fast a driver was going. D. When a driver arrived at the scene.
30. What does the underlined word "something" in the last paragraph refer to
A. Advice. B. Data. C. Tests. D. Laws.
31. What is a suitable title for the text
A. To Drive or Not to Drive Think Before You Start
B. Texting and Driving Watch Out for the Textalyzer
C. New York Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers.
D. The Next Generation Cell Phone: The Textalyzer.
（2022新高考II卷）As we age, even if we’re healthy, the heart just isn’t as efficient in processing oxygen as it used to be. In most people the first signs show up in their 50s or early 60s. And among people who don’t exercise, the changes can start even sooner.
“Think of a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become dry and easily broken,” says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University of Texas. That’s what happens to the heart. Fortunately for those in midlife, Levine is finding that even if you haven’t been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape now may help improve your aging heart.
Levine and his research team selected volunteers aged between 45 and 64 who did not exercise much but were otherwise healthy. Participants were randomly divided into two groups. The first group participated in a program of nonaerobic (无氧) exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week. After two years, the second group saw remarkable improvements in heart health.
“We took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30-or 35-year-old hearts,” says Levine. “And the reason they got so much stronger and fitter was that their hearts could now fill a lot better and pump (泵送) a lot more blood during exercise.” But the hearts of those who participated in less intense exercise didn’t change, he says.
“The sweet spot in life to start exercising, if you haven’t already, is in late middle age when the heart still has flexibility,” Levine says. “We put healthy 70-year-olds through a yearlong exercise training program, and nothing happened to them at all.”
Dr. Nieca Goldberg, a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association, says Levine’s findings are a great start. But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.
32. What does Levine want to explain by mentioning the rubber band
A. The right way of exercising. B. The causes of a heart attack.
C. The difficulty of keeping fit. D. The aging process of the heart.
33. In which aspect were the two groups different in terms of research design
A. Diet plan. B. Professional background.
C. Exercise type. D. Previous physical condition.
34. What does Levine’s research find
A. Middle-aged hearts get younger with aerobic exercise.
B. High-intensity exercise is more suitable for the young.
C. It is never too late for people to start taking exercise.
D. The more exercise we do, the stronger our hearts get.
35. What does Dr. Nieca Goldberg suggest
A. Making use of the findings. B. Interviewing the study participants.
C. Conducting further research. D. Clarifying the purpose of the study.
（2021新高考II卷）A British woman who won a S1 million prize after she was named the World's Best Teacher will use the cash to bring inspirational figures into UK schools.
Andria Zafirakou,a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted to bring about a classroom revolution (变革). “We are going to make a change, ”she said.“I’ve started a project to promote the teaching of the arts in our schools.”
The project results from the difficulties many schools have in getting artists of any sort - whether an up-and-coming local musician or a major movie star - into schools to work with and inspire children.
Zafirakou began the project at Alperton Community School her place of work for the past twelve years. “I've seen those magic moments when children are talking to someone they are inspired by - their eyes are shining and their faces light up,” she said. “We need artists . more than ever in our schools."
Artist Michael Craig-Martin said: “Andria's brilliant project to bring artists from all fields into direct contact with children is particularly welcome at a time when the arts are being downgraded in schools." It was a mistake to see the arts as unnecessary, he added.
Historian Sir Simon Schama is also a supporter of the project. He said that arts education in schools was not just an add-on. “It is absolutely necessary. The future depends on creativity and creativity depends on the young. What will remain of us when artificial intelligence takes over will be our creativity, and it is our creative spirit, our visionary sense of freshness,that has been our strength for centuries."
28. What will Zafirakou do with her prize money
A. Make a movie. B. Build new schools.
C. Run a project. D. Help local musicians.
29. What does Craig-Martin think of the teaching of the arts in UK schools
A. It is particularly difficult. B. It increases artists' income.
C. It opens children's mind. D. It deserves greater attention.
30. What should be stressed in school education according to Schama
A. Moral principles. B. Interpersonal skills.
C. Creative abilities. D. Positive worldviews.
31. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. Bring Artists to Schools B. When Historians Meet Artists
C. Arts Education in Britain D. The World's Best Arts Teacher
（2021新高考II卷）An Australian professor is developing a robot to monitor the health of grazing cattle, a development that could bring big changes to a profession that's relied largely on a low-tech approach for decades but is facing a labor shortage.
Salah Sukkarieh, a professor at the University of Sydney, sees robots as necessary given how cattlemen are aging. He is building a four-wheeled robot that will run on solar and electric power. It will use cameras and sensors to monitor the animals. A computer system will analyze the video to determine whether a cow is sick. Radio tags (标签) on the animals will measure temperature changes. The quality of grassland will be tracked by monitoring the shape, color and texture (质地) of grass. That way, cattlemen will know whether they need to move their cattle to another field for nutrition purposes.
Machines have largely taken over planting, watering and harvesting crops such as com and wheat, but the monitoring of cattle has gone through fewer changes.
For Texas cattleman Pete Bonds, it's increasingly difficult to find workers interested in watching cattle. But Bonds doesn't believe a robot is right for the job. Years of experience in the industry - and failed attempts to use technology - have convinced him that the best way to check cattle is with a man on a horse. Bonds, who bought his first cattle almost 50 years ago, still has each of his cowboys inspect 300 or 400 cattle daily and look for signs that an animal is getting sick.
Other cattlemen see more promise in robots. Michael Kelsey Paris, vice president of the Oklahoma Cattlemen's Association, said a robot could be extremely useful given rising concerns about cattle theft. Cattle tend to be kept in remote places and their value has risen, making them appealing targets.
32. What is a problem with the cattle-raising industry
A. Soil pollution. B. Lack of workers.
C. Aging machines. D. Low profitability.
33. What will Sukkarieh's robot be able to do
A. Monitor the quality of grass. B. Cure the diseased cattle.
C. Move cattle to another field. D. Predict weather changes.
34. Why does Pete Bonds still hire cowboys to watch cattle
A. He wants to help them earn a living.
B. He thinks men can do the job better.
C. He is inexperienced in using robots.
D. He enjoys the traditional way of life.
35. How may robots help with cattle watching according to Michael Kelsey
A. Increase the value of cattle. B. Bring down the cost of labor.
C. Make the job more appealing. D. Keep cattle from being stolen.
模拟专区：做好题才有好成绩！练技能，补漏洞，提分数，强信心！
（2024·河南南阳·一模）Do you want to ensure your child hits their expected developmental milestones New UBC research suggests living in areas with high exposure to green space can help set them up for success.
For the study, the researchers at UBC analyzed the developmental scores of 27,372 children in Metro Vancouver who attended kindergarten between 2005 and 2011.They estimated the amount of green space around each child’s residence from birth to age five. They also assessed levels of traffic-related air pollution and community noise.
The results highlight the fundamental importance of natural green spaces like street trees, parks and community gardens. “Most of the children were doing well in their development, in terms of language skills, cognitive (认知的) capacity, socialization and other outcomes,” says Ingrid Jarvis, a PhD candidate in the department of forest and conservation sciences at UBC． “But what’s interesting is that those children living in a residential location with more vegetation and richer natural environments showed better overall development than their peers with less green space.”
According to the researchers, the reason for this is partly green spaces’ ability to reduce the harmful effects of air pollution and noise - environmental challenges that have been shown to adversely (不利地) affect children’s health and development through increased stress, sleep disturbances and central nervous system damage. “Few studies have investigated this pathway linking green space and developmental outcomes among children,” adds Jarvis.
The researchers assessed early childhood development using the Early Development Instrument (EDI), a survey completed by kindergarten teachers for each child. The tool measures a child’s ability to meet age-appropriate developmental expectations.
“More research is needed, but our findings suggest that urban planning efforts to increase green space in residential neighbourhoods and around schools are beneficial for early childhood development, with potential health benefits throughout life,” says the study’s senior author Matilda Bosch. “Time in nature can benefit everyone, but if we want our children to have a good head start, it’s important to provide an enriching environment through nature contact.”
1．Which is a key factor in the researchers’ study
A．The kids’ scores from school exams.
B．The average IQ score of the subjects.
C．The green space where the kids lived.
D．The air pollution level of the whole city.
2．What’s the message implied in Paragraph 4
A．Air pollution is largely to blame for kids’ failures.
B．Kids living in a noisy area tend to feel more stressed.
C．Pollution harms kids’ nervous system more than noise.
D．Greenspace is directly linked to kids’ mental development.
3．What does Matilda Bosch stress in the last paragraph
A．The importance of nature in kids’ growth.
B．The role of research in scientific work.
C．The proper way of giving a good start to kids.
D．The urgency of expanding greenspace in cities.
4．What could be a suitable title for the text
A．What Are the Health Effects of Noise Pollution
B．Green Spaces: A guarantee for Kids’ Future Success
C．Urban Green Space and Its Impact on Human Health
D．Time in Nature Aids Early Childhood Development
（2024·河南周口·一模）Though known for being violent, six-foot-long Humboldt squid (鱿鱼) in the Pacific Ocean, are good communicators,
It is not news that the squid can rapidly change the color of their skin-making different patterns for communication something other squid species are also known to do.
Bot it is totally dark where the Humboldt squid live, more than one thousand feet below the ocean surface. So their pattern is invisible. Instead, a new study suggests that they create backlighting for the patterns by making their bodies glow, like the screen of an ereader.
“Right now, what blows my mind in there’s probably squid talking to each other in the deep ocean and they’re probably sharing all sorts of cool information.” said Ben Burford, a graduate student at Stanford University.
Burford and his fallow researchers studied deep-water recordings made by remotely operated vehicles off the California coast. They found the squid make around 30 different patterns, some of which are only used around other squid, suggesting they’re used for communication, The squid also appear to reorder the patterns, almost like words in a sentence.
“That’s really exciting because then you can say a whole lot more based on their arrangement,” Burford said. “So, they could for instance say, hey, that fish over there is mine, and I’m the ruling squid.”
The findings could change the way scientists think about bioluminescence (生物荧光), which is used by many deep-sea animals to attract prey or a mate.
“We generally think of deep: sea stuff as having very simple displays because it’s a low-light environment,” said Mike Vecchione, a zoologist from the National Museum of Natural Museum of Natural History. “This turns some of our ideas about bioluminescence almost around upside down.”
The deep ocean is a challenging place to study, so Vecchione said there may be much more complexity to discover.
5．Which of the following is right about the Humboldt squid
A．They are quite friendly to deep-sea animals.
B．They are much bigger than any other squid.
C．They can communicate in a low-light environment.
D．They have better ability to survive the violent ocean.
6．How did Burford and his team study the Humboldt squid living deep in the ocean
A．By studying former recordings. B．By discussing with other scientists.
C．By comparing different types of squid. D．By using machines of high rechnology.
7．What do scientists commonly think of the use of bioluminescence by deep-sea animals
A．It is used by deep-sea animals in a simple way.
B．It makes deep-sea animals more mysterious.
C．It makes the Humboldt squid easy to be found.
D．It makes it easy for the Humboldt sqord to communicate.
8．What is these scientists’ biggest discovery of the Humboldt squid
A．Their ability to ling deep in the water. B．Their unique use of bioluminescence.
C．Their hard living conditions in the sea. D．Their ways to attract preys or mates.
（2024·安徽淮北·一模）There are two distinctive types of electric buses making their way along Nanjing Xi Lu, one of Shanghai’s busiest roads. The first is a fleet of blue trolleybuses that serve bus route number 20, a line set up by a British-run transport company in 1928. They use poles to receive electricity from wires overhead and have kept the route running in this way for nearly a century. But while the historic electric buses are a reminder of Europe’s past technological innovation, the new buses traveling alongside them are symbols of China’s contemporary net-zero ambition. These modern electric buses powered by lithium batteries (锂电池) , were introduced in Shanghai in 2014. They offer a smoother ride, especially during starts and stops. Widely used across China, these buses are key to the country’s EV transition and are influencing the global shift towards green transportation.
The most recent data available shows that China in 2018 was still the second largest source of carbon dioxide emissions in the global transport sector, responsible for 11%, and behind only the United States, which accounted for 21%. After around two decades of government support, China now boasts the world’s largest market for e-buses, making up more than 95% of global stock. At the end of 2022, China’s Ministry of Transport announced that more than three-quarters (77% or 542, 600) of all urban buses in the country were new energy vehicles. The speed of this transition was remarkable.
So far, however, the Chinese cities with the most successful e-bus introduction — such as Shenzhen, Beijing and Shanghai — all have moderate weather and are relatively flat. To take its e-bus campaign to the next level, China faces challenges. For one thing, it is difficult to bring fleets to cities such as Hong Kong, which — like London — have double-deckers. These two-storeyed vehicles are “very hard” to electrify, because they are heavier, use more energy, and so need bigger batteries, reducing the number of passengers they can carry. Cold weather is a problem, too, as it can make a battery’s charging time longer and its range shorter. The reason China has not achieved 100% electrification for its buses is its northern regions, which have cold winters, says Xue Lulu, a transportation expert at the World Resources Institute China.
9．How does the author describe the two types of electric buses in the first paragraph
A．By contrasting their historical significance and technological advancements.
B．By highlighting their roles in protecting the environment and lasting use.
C．By focusing merely on their technical details and performance.
D．By explaining their operational challenges and requirements.
10．What do the numbers in paragraph 2 mainly show
A．The global impact of carbon dioxide emissions.
B．The progress of China in reducing CO2 emissions.
C．The different emission levels of China and the USA．
D．The need for more government support in e-bus market.
11．What factor contributes to the slow adoption of electric buses in China’s northern regions
A．Poor winter weather conditions. B．Lack of transportation experts.
C．Short charging time of the battery. D．Heavier and bigger bus bodies.
12．Which column is the text most probably taken from
A．Worklife. B．Culture. C．Travel. D．Earth.
（2024·安徽淮北·一模）As I write this, a Bob Seger song is stuck in my head. It’s been playing on repeat ever since I heard it in a movie. I hated it a lot when it first came out years ago, and I still really hate it now. Why, oh why, does an earworm happen This phenomenon, known as an earworm, is both fascinating and annoying. Earworms are a type of auditory imagery, where we perceive a tone without actually hearing it. When a familiar song is heard and suddenly stopped, some areas of the brain become overly activated in expectation of hearing the rest of the song, and then it fills in the missing pieces.
Anyone can experience earworms, but certain personality characteristics, like openness to experience, may increase their frequency. You may have seen a popular TikTok recently of a guy saying earworms aren’t normal but are instead symptoms of ADHD (多动症) or OCD (强迫症). That’s generally not the case. “It is entirely normal to experience earworms: Over 90% of participants in large-scale surveys report having had earworms at least once a week, and they are not a symptom of any other underlying mental condition,” says Jakubowski. Interestingly, earworms aren’t all bad. Research indicates that they can enhance our ability to recall past events, as the repetitive nature of the song strengthens our memory.
There are several strategies to get rid of earworms. Listening to the entire song can help resolve the unfinished loop. Alternatively, distracting yourself with another melody or engaging in activities that require focus can also be effective. Chewing gum or eating something crunchy may interrupt the song playing in your head. Despite these strategies, sometimes the best approach is to simply accept the presence of the earworm and let it fade away naturally. In my case, trying to actively rid myself of the song only made it more persistent. It seems patience is key when dealing with these stubborn musical guests in our minds.
13．What is an earworm
A．A type of insect that affects hearing. B．A song that gets stuck in your head.
C．A medical condition related to the ears. D．An element missing in a song.
14．Which of the following statement is true about earworms
A．They cannot be controlled or stopped. B．They indicate underlying illness.
C．They only occur in certain individuals. D．They are normal phenomena.
15．What benefit can be expected of earworms
A．To enhance memory recall of earlier incidents.
B．To increase musical creativity and imagination.
C．To expand openness to new experiences.
D．To improve focus and concentration.
16．How does the author feel about earworms
A．Concerned and worried. B．Scientific but negative.
C．Annoyed but accepting. D．Excited and fascinated.
（2024·甘肃·一模）The printed book is back. Recent studies have shown that students absorb more information when they read a hard-copy book compared to reading on a digital device. One school responded to these findings by abandoning its e-readers. The students found that it was convenient to look through the pages when using a traditional book. E-books may come with a “suite of navigational tools”, but it turns out that the best navigational devices are your forefinger and thumb. You can use them to flip the pages forward and backward. All this time, those devices have just been sitting there at the ends of your arms.
Can a traditional book offer all the features of an e-book Unfortunately, no. It lacks a “progress bar” indicating what percentage of the book has been read. Luckily, a traditional book will naturally form two halves joined in the middle. If the left-hand chunk is thicker than the right-hand one, you are more than halfway through.
Fans of the e-book point out that digital text is easy to annotate. Some devices even feature a little image of a pencil to guide the reader through the process of note-taking. Traditional-book users have a similar system called a “pencil”. With it, favoured passages can be underlined and, comments can be written in the margin.
The printed book, of course, has other advantages. A full bookshelf is a store of knowledge. It’s a map of your life as a reader: the passions that passed and those that endured. There are books that introduced you to other books, like friends at a party, and books that nursed you through difficult times.
17．Why do printed books return
A．They are cheaper. B．They can last longer.
C．They can store knowledge. D．They are easier to look through.
18．What does the underlined word “annotate” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．To add notes. B．To copy and paste.
C．To sign your name. D．To analyze sentences.
19．What’s the last paragraph mainly about
A．The importance of having a bookshelf. B．The ways to introduce books to friends.
C．The reasons why you need a bookshelf. D．The life experience hidden behind books.
20．What’s the author’s opinion about books
A．E-books are better than printed books. B．Books should be stored on bookshelves.
C．Features in e-books are extremely helpful. D．Traditional books can serve the readers well enough.
（2024·甘肃·一模）Why are polar bears white Why do rabbits have long ears Why do zebras have stripes (条纹) It’s all about survival. Wild animals normally focus their efforts on two important tasks. One task is to look for things to eat. While they do that, they have to avoid getting eaten! They can’t afford to ignore any dangers around them. Life is just one long game of hide-and-seek. Luckily for them, the way they look usually helps them. The zebra is a very good example.
Zebras usually travel in large groups. Imagine a hundred zebras moving together across the grassland: in Africa. Not far away, a lioness is lying on a tree branch, resting. She is waiting for her chance to attack. The zebras are getting nearer, but they’ re running very close together. Now she’s seen them, and she’s getting ready: she knows she’ll soon have a zebra to kill.
The lioness’s goal is to catch a zebra for breakfast. There is no place to hide, but the zebras have a secret line of defence; their stripes.
Lions are colour-blind. As the zebras move in a large group, it’s hard for the lioness to see which zebra to attack. All she sees is a big mass of black and white stripes. She’s not sure what to do. Breakfast must wait. The animals are always trying to hide from her.
But do zebras’ stripes cause problems for other zebras as they do for lions No, they don’t. Actually, the purpose of the stripes in this case is to help zebras recognize each other. Every zebra has an individual pattern of stripes and zoologists believe this is how zebras know who is who in the group. A mother zebra always recognizes her child among the crowd because its stripes are just a little different from the others.
21．Why are zebras and lions mentioned
A．To give examples. B．To make comparisons.
C．To stress the importance of animals. D．To encourage people to protect animals.
22．Why does the lioness fail to catch a zebra for breakfast
A．The lioness is colour-blind. B．The lioness is hiding from others.
C．The lioness is afraid of the zebras. D．The lioness is waiting for another chance.
23．What do we know about zebras’ stripes
A．The stripes help them hide in the forest.
B．Some zebras share the same stripe pattern.
C．Zebras can recognize each other by their stripes.
D．The stripes can sometimes cause problems for zebras.
24．What’s the best title for the text
A．Hide and Seek B．Attack and Defence
C．Zebras and Lionesses D．Appearance and Survival
（2024·甘肃兰州·一模）The ability to track animals and plants is up in the air —literally —thanks to help from an unexpected source.
Around the globe, many air quality control stations filter (过滤) air through small paper disks on a daily or weekly basis, allowing scientists to ensure concentrations of harmful pollutants such as heavy metals are below certain levels. But the filters also pick up plant and animal DNA having been scattered (播撒) into the wind.
The eDNA, short for environmental DNA, on those filters could make air quality control stations a treasure house of samples cataloging local animals and plants. Such records could help researchers track biodiversity at a larger scale and more easily catch species declines or track how ecosystems are changing overall.
“We’re effectively carrying on with it for a totally new use,” says Elizabeth Clare, a molecular ecologist at York University.
“It never occurred to us that these filters capturing particulate (微粒的) matter could even be analyzed for eDNA,” says James Allerton, an air quality scientist in England. That changed when Allerton read a news story about two studies where scientists cleared animal DNA out of thin air at two zoos, one in England —led by Clare —and another in Denmark.
Learning about the potential for capturing eDNA sparked a “light bulb moment,” Allerton says, and he reached out to Clare to cooperate.
Clare, Allerton and colleagues analyzed filters from the Teddington facility that were exposed to surrounding air for one hour, one day or one week. The team also examined eight-month-old filters from an air quality control station in Scotland that had each been exposed to air for a week.
Genetic material in the filters revealed the presence of more than 180 different types of local animal groups including pine trees, badgers, owls, fungi and news. That volume is surprising given that the filters and storage conditions weren't set up with eDNA in mind. That the researchers recovered so much eDNA from a system designed to monitor air quality shows how common airborne (空气中的) DNA is and how much biodiversity data could be up for grabs.
25．What is the new use of air quality control stations
A．To purify air by decreasing pollutants in it.
B．To study the links between man and animals.
C．To concentrate on effects of animals on climate.
D．To help track the categories of animals and plants.
26．How does James Allerton react to the technology of capturing eDNA
A．He felt doubtful and hesitant to use it.
B．He felt useful but reluctant to admit it.
C．He felt unimaginable but ready to accept it.
D．He felt amazed but refused to have an attempt.
27．What can we learn from the last paragraph
A．Airborne DNA is quite uncommon in the system.
B．Over 180 types of living plants have been detected.
C．It is not easy for researchers to collect biodiversity data.
D．Researchers didn't take eDNA into account in the first place.
28．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Air Pollutants are Found in Animals and Plants
B．Tracking Evolution of Living Things Benefits eDNA
C．Air Pollution Monitoring May Help Track Biodiversity
D．eDNA Technology Proves a Big Success in Air Detection
（2024·甘肃兰州·一模）The oceans play a crucial role in lightening global warming by absorbing carbon dioxide emissions. However, in a study conducted by the University of Texas, researchers found that the oceans’ capacity to absorb carbon dioxide (CO ) would reach its maximum by 2100 and decrease to half of its current efficiency by 2300, based on a climate simulation (模拟) that was set for a worst-case emissions scenario (设想).
The decline happens because of a surface layer of low-alkalinity (碱度) water that can hinder the ability of the oceans to absorb CO . Alkalinity affects how much CO can dissolve in seawater. Although the emissions scenario used in the study is unlikely because of global efforts to limit greenhouse gas emissions, the findings reveal a previously unknown tipping point that if activated would release an important brake on global warming.
“We need to think about these worst-case scenarios to understand how our CO emissions might affect the oceans not just this century, but next century and the following centuries. Climate simulations had previously shown that the oceans slow their absorption of CO over time, but none had considered alkalinity as an explanation. We recalculated pieces of a 450-year simulation until we hit on alkalinity as a key cause of the slowing.” said Megumi Chikamoto, who led the research at the University of Texas Institute.
The effect begins with extreme climate change, which slows ocean currents. This leaves the surface of the oceans covered in a warm layer of fresh water that won’t mix easily with the cooler, more al kaline waters below it. That means more of it is left behind in the atmosphere. This in turn produces faster warming, which sustains and strengthens the low-alkalinity surface layer. Co-author, Pedro DiNezio, said that the discovery was a powerful reminder that the world needs to reduce its CO emissions to avoid crossing this and other tipping points.
29．What may happen after the year 2300
A．More CO will be absorbed by the oceans.
B．The oceans will lose all their current efficiency.
C．The world will face even more severe warming.
D．The oceans will be less crucial to global warming.
30．What does the underlined word “hinder” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Improve. B．Weaken. C．Protect. D．Control.
31．What does Megumi Chikamoto say about the oceans
A．Finding why they slow CO intake is hard.
B．Their ability to absorb CO is at their maximum.
C．They will decide on the future of human beings.
D．They will slow down CO absorption very quickly.
32．Where is this text probably taken from
A．A biology textbook. B．A government report.
C．Science fiction. D．An environmental journal.
（2024·广西南宁·一模）A study has found that smiling at London bus drivers increases their happiness. The finding feels obvious and unexpected at the same time. For decades, passengers and drivers in London greet each other in an unfriendly mood; any affection feels disgust. While, the authors of the research, which was conducted by the University of Sussex and others, hope it will lead to “more interaction and kindness on buses”. However, Londoners are sceptical.
It might seem impossible that a report on London’s buses could change behaviour. But it has happened before. London’s buses have an underappreciated role in the history of medical science. In the 1940s, a single study of London’s transport workers transformed epidemiology(流行病学), medicine and the way we live now. Every time you go on a run, check your steps, or take the stairs instead of the lift, you are following a path established by the feet of the workers on London’s buses.
In the late 1940s, Britain, like many rich countries, was suffering from an “epidemic” of heart disease and no one knew why. Various hypotheses (猜想), such as stress, were suggested; but no one noticed exercise. The idea that health and exercise were linked “wasn’t the accepted fact that we know today”: Some even felt that “too much physical activity was a bad thing for your health”.
At this time, Jerry Morris started to suspect that the too many deaths from heart disease might be linked to occupation. He began studying the medical records of 31,000 London transport workers. His findings were breathtaking: conductors, who spent their time running up and down stairs, had an approximately 30% lower incidence of disease than drivers. He also looked at postal workers, and found a similar pattern: postmen had far lower rates of disease than telephonists.
Morris’s research was eventually published in 1953, and his work had consequences both big and small. Morris now took up exercise, handing his jacket to his daughter and just running. “People initially thought I went bananas.” But slowly, the rest of the world took off its jacket and followed.
33．What impact did the study of London’s transport workers in the 1940s have on the field of medicine
A．It led to the discovery of a new virus.
B．It proved the main cause of heart disease.
C．It showed the relationship between exercise and health.
D．It corrected the misunderstanding of London bus drivers.
34．How did Morris conduct his study
A．By carrying out a survey. B．By study their occupation.
C．By analyzing the medical data. D．By doing medical examination.
35．What’s the meaning of “went bananas” in the last paragraph
A．Falling ill. B．Saving energy.
C．Starting running. D．Becoming crazy.
36．Which can be the best title of this passage
A．How to Increase Drivers’ Happiness
B．How to Transform the Way We Live
C．How Exercise Influenced Heart Health
D．How London Bus Drivers Led the World to Exercise
（2024·广西南宁·一模）For Caribbean box jellyfish (水母), learning is literally a no-brainer.
In a new experiment, these animals learned to spot and avoid obstacles (障碍物) despite having no central brain, researchers report in Current Biology. This is the first evidence that jellyfish can make mental connections between events and change their behavior accordingly. “Maybe learning doesn’t need a very complex nervous system, but rather, learning is an essential part of nerve cells,” says Jan Bielecki, a neuroethologist at Kiel University in Germany. If so, the new finding could help trace how learning evolved in animals.
Bielecki and his colleagues wondered if Caribbean box jellyfish could learn that low-contrast objects, which might at first seem distant, were actually close by. The team put 12 jellyfish into a round tank surrounded by low-contrast, gray and white stripes. A camera filmed the animals’ behavior for about seven minutes.
At first, the jellyfish seemed to interpret the gray stripes as distant roots and swam into the tank wall. But those collisions (碰撞) seemed to lead the jellyfish to treat the gray stripes more like close roots in dirty water, and the animals started avoiding them. The jellies’ average distance from the tank wall increased from about 2.5 centimeters in the first couple of minutes to about 3.6 centimeters in the final couple of minutes. Their average collisions into the wall dropped from 1.8 per minute to 0.78 per minute.
“I found that really amazing,” says Nagayasu Nakanishi, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Arkansas in Fayetteville, who has studied jellyfish nervous systems but was not involved in the new work. “I never thought jellyfish could really learn.”
Neurobiologist Bj rn Brembs views the results more cautiously, noting the small number of jellyfish tested and the variability in their performance. “I want this to be true, as it would be very cool,” says Brembs. Experiments with more jellyfish could convince him that the animals really do learn.
37．What can we know about the jellyfish in paragraph 2
A．They can avoid obstacles with a central brain.
B．They can change their behaviour after evolution.
C．They may have learning abilities with nerve cells.
D．They may develop a very complex nervous system.
38．What change in behavior did the jellyfish show in the experiment
A．They completely ignored the gray stripes.
B．They gradually started avoiding the gray stripes.
C．They could avoid collisions if given enough time.
D．They increased their collisions with the tank wall.
39．What conclusion can be drawn from the experiment
A．Jellyfish preferred the gray stripes over other things.
B．Jellyfish were unable to learn from their environment.
C．Jellyfish relied on the distant objects to change their behavior.
D．Jellyfish showed a learning process and adjusted their behavior.
40．What does Brembs imply in the last paragraph
A．He believes more testing is needed to confirm the results.
B．He is excited by the potential implications of the findings.
C．He dismisses the findings as irrelevant to jellyfish behavior.
D．He is doubtful due to the consistent performance of the jellyfish.
（2024·吉林长春·一模）It’s a race against time, as generations of cultural heritage conservators at the Dunhuang Academy make a great effort to protect the artistic charm of the Mogao Caves, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, despite erosion (侵蚀) by sand and wind.
The team is devoted to protecting the 45,000 square meters of murals (壁画) and more than 2,400 painted sculptures of the 735 caves of the site, the construction of which spans about a thousand years, from the 4th century to the 14th century. The cultural relics are the product of the cultural exchanges that took place over centuries on the ancient Silk Road. “Our work, repairing murals and painted sculptures, is to better preserve the caves, which promotes the great Dunhuang spirit of inclusiveness to the world and inspires modern people,” says Su Bomin, director of the Dunhuang Academy.
Commonly seen “diseases” affecting the murals include cracking and flaking, as well as erosion that is caused by changes in temperature and humidity of the caves, and the deposition of salts. To restore a mural requires an all-rounder. Restorers should know painting, master the skills of a mason and have some knowledge of chemistry and physics, to be able to recognize the problems and their corresponding causes and deliver a solution. They must also select proper materials and tools, and conduct experiments, before formally carrying out the restoration and evaluating the effect afterward.
The restoration should respect the original work and aim to maintain the status quo of the murals rather than repainting them. When the restorers find some parts of murals missing or fading away, they never repaint them to create a “perfect” appearance in restoration. “Cultural relics are witnesses of history,” explains Su. “When you pursue the so-called intact (完好无损的) look for artistic reasons, you will lose their key meaning.”
Cave conservation is about continuously solving problems. “It needs a long-term research to better preserve the caves, over a much wider time span that goes beyond our lifetimes,” Su says. But at least, they can keep the current look of the murals for as long as possible.
41．What is the main purpose of paragraph 2
A．To show the popularity of Dunhuang murals.
B．To explain the history of the ancient Silk Road.
C．To stress the significance of the restoration work.
D．To present the ways of protecting cultural heritage.
42．Which of the following best describes the restoration work
A．Demanding. B．Well-paid. C．Interesting. D．Creative.
43．What should restoring murals focus on according to paragraph 4
A．Spotting the faded murals in time.
B．Fixing the missing parts of murals.
C．Maintaining the current look of murals.
D．Repainting to perfect the appearance of murals.
44．Which can be the best title for the text
A．The Artistic Charm of Mural Paintings
B．The Mural Restoration in the Mogao Caves
C．The Successful Experiment on Cave Conservation
D．The Role of the Dunhuang Spirit in Chinese Culture
（2024·新疆·一模）In 2011, artist Grimanesa Amorós stepped off a boat made of totora reeds (芦苇) onto an island—also made of totora reeds — in the northwest portion of Lake Titicaca. It’s home to one of the world’s most innovative achievement of human engineering: the Uros Islands.
The man-made floating islands, which are home to the native Uros people, are created by putting layers upon layers of totora roots and reeds. This water-resistant plant grows in the lake and is the lifeblood of the Uros community. It is used to make boats, houses, roofs, mattresses (床垫) and more. The plant is also eaten and serves as medicine, and its flowers are used to make tea.
However, the Uros weren’t always dependent on the totora. More than 500 years ago, the growing Inca Empire began to invade the Uros’ mainland villages. To beat this threat, the Uros began to build the islands, which could be launched deep into Lake Titicaca, away from danger. Hundreds of years later, there are now about 120 of these constructed islands, with around 1,300 people living on them.
To build the islands, the Uros first gather large blocks of totora roots. Multiple blocks are pulled together, and the roots and reeds mix naturally to form a layer about 1 to 2m thick. The totora reed is laid on top of this floating base. The Uros use a long tool to reach deep down into the water and cut the plant above the base. Then, the reeds are dried in the sun for one to four weeks and bundled (捆绑) together using a rope. Once dried, totora reeds are placed in alternating directions on top of the root blocks and become the ground that the Uros walk and build their homes on.
Today, urban influences are evident on the islands: Solar panels power bedroom lights and small TVs; a radio station operates on the main island. It’s evident that these modern changes and tourism have changed the Uros’ life on the lake. One thing remains certain, though. As long as there is totora growing at Lake Titicaca, the islands’ rooted foundation will stay the same.
45．Which word can best describe the role totora reeds play in the Uro’s life
A．Essential. B．Symbolic. C．Protective. D．Sustainable.
46．What was the original purpose of building the floating island
A．To develop tourism. B．To maintain their lifestyle.
C．To escape from enemies’ attack. D．To be separated from the world.
47．What does the fourth paragraph mainly focus on
A．The key to selecting building materials. B．The procedure of building the islands.
C．The difficulty of living on the island. D．The method of spotting reeds.
48．What might be the best title for the text
A．Fancy Lifestyles of the Uros B．Innovative Building Materials
C．Floating Homes on Lake Titicaca D．A Must-see Tourist Attraction of Lake Titicaca
（2024·新疆·一模）Research indicates that Tai Chi, a traditional Chinese exercise that combines slow, gentle movements with deep breathing and relaxation, may provide long-term relief from Parkinson’s disease symptoms. Those who practised the martial art twice a week had fewer complications (并发症) and better quality of life than those who didn’t, the researchers say.
Parkinson’s is a progressive brain disease characterized by slowness of movement, tremors (颤抖), and stiff and inflexible muscles. It is the fastest-growing neurological condition in the world, with the number of those affected projected to reach nearly 5 million by 2030 in China alone. In the UK 2 people are diagnosed with the disease every hour. So far, there has been no cure for Parkinson’s.
Previously published research suggests that Tai Chi eases Parkinson’s symptoms in the short term, but whether this improvement can be maintained over the long term isn’t known.
The new study, from Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, monitored the health of hundreds of Parkinson’s patients for up to five years. One group of 147 people practised regular Tai Chi while another group of 187 did not.
The researchers found that the disease progressed more slowly in the Tai Chi group on measurements of symptoms, movement and balance. This group also saw fewer falls, less back pain and dizziness, with memory and concentration problems also lower than in the other group. At the same time, sleep and quality of life continuously improved.
However, this is an observational study, which can’t establish cause and effect. And the researchers acknowledge that the number of study participants was relatively small.
Prof Alastair Noyce, professor in neurology at Queen Mary University of London, called it “an important study” but said there were limitations in its design, and more trials were needed.
Prof K Ray Chaudhuri, professor of movement disorders and neurology at King’s College London, said, “It is too early to claim any neuroprotection based on this study, although the positive effects on aspects of motor and non-motor functions are impressive.”
49．What do we know about Parkinson’s
A．It’s severe but curable now. B．It may lead to a low-quality life.
C．It’s more common in China than in the UK. D．It’s the fastest-growing disease in the world.
50．What is the new study different from the previous one
A．It covers more aspects of the disease.
B．It collects data from more study participants.
C．It focuses on the long-term effect of Tai Chi on Parkinson’s.
D．It first proves the positive effect Tai Chi has on Parkinson’s.
51．What can be inferred from paragraphs 5 and 6
A．The results of the study are not clear.
B．The researchers are unaware of the problems of the study.
C．The methods that the researchers use in the study are inappropriate.
D．The study gives hope to Parkinson’s patients though with its limitations.
52．What is Prof K Ray Chaudhuri’s attitude towards the conclusion of the new study
A．Disapproving. B．Supportive. C．Indifferent. D．Objective.
（2024·新疆乌鲁木齐·一模）There’s a song in your head. You keep hearing it repeatedly. You can’t make it stop, and it’s driving you crazy! Has this happened to you Maybe you have suffered from an earworm, which is a memory of a song.
Earworms are common. A study showed that 90 percent of people experience them. Why do we get earworms According to neurologist Oliver Sacks, music affects us whether we pay attention to it or not. We’re surrounded by music all the time in our everyday lives. Sacks wonders if there is a higher incidence of earworms today because of all this music in our environment.
Research on the primary auditory cortex supports Sack’s ideas. The auditory cortex is the part of the brain that processes sound. It’s a short-term storage system for small amounts of auditory information. Some of this auditory information is forgotten, and some of it goes into long-term memory. However, songs appear to stay in the auditory cortex for a long time.
James Kellaris, a professor of marketing at the University of Cincinnati, thinks that only certain types of songs become earworms. These songs are repetitive, simple, and incongruous — something unexpected such as uneven rhythm. Your brain pays a lot of attention to a song like this, Kellaris says. Because it is repetitive and unusual, it stays longer in the auditory cortex. At that point, Kellaris believes, it becomes an annoying earworm.
Advertisers often use jingles — short songs that are easy to remember to promote sales. Advertisers want jingles to stick in people’s minds to keep them thinking about their products. It seems that advertisers have learned what Kellaris has found out in his research.
Is there any way to get rid of an earworm Here are some tips Kellaris collected: replace the earworm song with another song, try to distract yourself by doing an intense activity such as exercising, or tell someone about your earworm. What if none of these strategies work Then perhaps you should just sit back and try to enjoy the music in your head!
53．How does the author lead to the topic
A．By giving a definition. B．By describing a phenomenon.
C．By drawing a conclusion. D．By clarifying a question.
54．What does the author want to explain by mentioning “auditory cortex”
A．The mechanism of earworms. B．The lasting effect of memory.
C．The necessity of the research. D．The significance of music.
55．In which paragraph does the author explain the features of the earworm music
A．Paragraph 2. B．Paragraph 3. C．Paragraph 4. D．Paragraph 5.
56．What can be the best title for the text
A．Earworms — the Songs in Your Head B．Jingles — the Typical Earworms
C．How Do Earworms Change Our Life D．How Do We Live with Earworms
（2024·新疆乌鲁木齐·一模）The Greek philosopher Heraclitus once said that you can’t step into the same river twice, for you aren’t the same person at each v
