专题04 时态语态主谓一致
目 录
01 挑战真题·查知识漏洞
02 回顾教材·补知识漏洞
回顾知识体系
回顾核心考点
易混易错归纳
03 知识通关演练
1.（2023年新高考II卷） As a little girl, I ________ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up.
2.（2023年浙江卷1月）Citizens of higher social classes (permit)to live closer to the center of the circles.
3. （2023年浙江卷1月）The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often______ (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子).
【2023年全国甲卷】 Carson proves that a simple literal form that has been passed down through the ages can still ____50____ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
回顾知识体系
回顾核心考点
考点1 时态
(一)一般时态
1.一般现在时
▲基本用法：表示现在的习惯，经常发生的动作、存在的状态以及客观事实、普遍真理或自然现象。
On Monday morning it usually takes me an hour drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles.尽管实际距离只有20英里，但是每个星期一早上我开车去上班却要花费一个小时的时间。
The scientific literature evaluating these techniques stretches back decades and across thousands of articles.评估这些技术的科学文献可以追溯到几十年前，有数千篇文章。
“Life is like walking in the snow”, Granny used to say, “because every step shows”
奶奶过去常说“人生就像在雪中行走一样，因为每一步都会留下痕迹”。
The teacher said that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.老师说太阳从东方升起，在西方落下。
▲特殊用法：
①在时间、条件和让步状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
Every year, the moment I get on the train, I am surrounded by Shanxi accents.
每年，当我上火车的那一刻，我都被操山西口音的人所包围。
If we don’t act now to protect the environment, we’ll live to regret it.
如果我们现在不着手保护环境，我们就会后悔一辈子的。
但要注意在由if引导的条件状语从句中是可以用will来表“意愿”的，不表示将来时态。
如：If you will go, I will go together with you.如果你愿意去，我就跟你一块儿去。
My parents have promised to come to see me before I leave for Africa.
我的父母亲已经答应在我前往非洲之前来看我。
②按时间表的将来要发生的动作。
The plane takes off at 10:00 a.m.飞机上午10点起飞。
③以here, there开头的句子里，go, come等少数动词的一般现在时表示正在发生的动作。
There comes the bus.汽车来了。
Here she comes.她来了。
2.一般过去时
▲基本用法：表示发生在过去的事情、动作或存在的状态；用于表示过去的习惯、过去经常或反复发生的动作。
The email she had looked forward to arrived the other day at last.
她期待已久的电子邮件终于在前几天收到了。
I was out of town at the time, so I don’t know exactly how it happened.
我那个时候不在镇上，所以确实不知道事情是如何发生的。
▲特殊用法：
①表示说话人原来没有料到、想到的事(常用的动词如：think, want, plan等)。
I thought four hours was enough for us to finish the task.
我原以为我们完成这项任务四个小时就足够了。
②用于be about to do when固定句型，表示“正要……(这时)突然……”：主句用过去将来时，从句用一般过去时。
We were about to climb up to the top of the mountain when it began to rain heavily.
我们正要爬上山顶时，突然下起了大雨。
3.一般将来时
▲基本用法：表示将来的动作和存在的状态。
The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will pay off in the end.
学生们一直在努力学习功课，他们的努力最终会得到回报的。
I am going to take over the company one day.总有一天我会接管这家公司。
▲特殊用法：
①一般将来时还用于“祈使句或名词短语+and/or+陈述句”或“祈使句+破折号+陈述句”的句型中。
Follow the advice of the doctor, and you’ll be well very soon.听从大夫的建议，你的身体不久就会好的。
One step further and you’ll lost.再多走一步，你就会迷失方向了。
Take the chance, or you will regret it.抓住机会吧，否则你会遗憾的。
Try some of this juice—perhaps you’ll like it.尝尝这种果汁，也许你会喜欢的。
②be to do这种结构表示按计划中约定的或按职责、义务、要求必须去做的事或即将发生的动作。
The engineer is to visit our factory next week.那位工程师下周来参观我们工厂。
③be about to do这一结构用于表示客观上马上就要发生的事，一般不与具体的时间状语连用。
Don’t go out. We’re about to have dinner.别出去了，我们很快就吃饭了。
(二)进行时态
1.现在进行时
▲基本用法：表示现在或现在一阶段正在进行的动作或重复的动作。
I am waiting patiently for my turn to buy a ticket.我在耐心地等待轮到我买票。
Sorry, I’m busy right now. I am filling in an application form for a new job.
对不起，我现在很忙。我正在填写一份新的工作申请表。
▲特殊用法：
①现在进行时与always, often等频度副词连用，表经常反复的行动或某种感彩。
Why are always forgetting his name 为什么你总是忘记他的名字呢？
②现在进行时也可以表示将来(主要是一些短暂性动词。如：go, come, leave, start, begin, run, leave, stay,
do, take等)。
Food supplies in the flood-stricken area are running out.We must act immediately before there’s left.
遭受洪水袭击的地区，食物供给即将用完了。我们必须赶在食物所剩无几之前立刻采取行动。
“The moment is coming soon,” he thought to himself, waiting nervously.
“这一刻就要来到了，”他自思自忖，紧张地等待着。
2.过去进行时
▲基本用法：表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作(这一过去时间须用时间状语表示)；表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行。
He was cooking supper this time yesterday.昨天这个时候他正在做晚饭。
The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant was giving in his place but luckily, everything was going on smoothly. 经理担心他的助手正在代他所举办的新闻发布会。幸运的是，一切进展顺利。
—Did he notice you enter the room
—I don’t think so. He was listening to the radio with his eyes shut.
“他注意到你进房间了吗？”“我想他没注意到。他闭着眼睛在听收音机。”
▲特殊用法：
①两个动作在过去同时进行。
I was writing while he was watching TV. 我在写东西而他在看电视。
②代替过去将来时(参看上文的现在进行时也可以表示将来)。
Yesterday he said he was leaving for Canada.昨天他说他要动身去加拿大。
③be doing sth.+ when从句“正在做某事时突然……(主句用过去进行时，从句用一般过去时)。
David was wandering in the street alone when someone patted him on the shoulder.
大卫David正独自在街上徘徊，这时有人拍了拍他的肩膀。
3.将来进行时
▲基本用法：表示将来某一刻时间一段时间或正在进行的动作，一般要有明显的时间状语为标志。
This time next week I'll be lying on the beach, enjoying the sunshine.
下星期的这个时候我将正躺在沙滩上享受阳光。
▲特殊用法：
①表示现在正在进行的动作，但这个动作会延续到将来。
I think that she will be working on this experiment until next morning.
我想她做这个实验将会一直做到明天早上。
②表示预定的将来动作或对将来的预测。
If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring, you will be eating fresh watermelon in the fall.
如果你在春天种下西瓜种子，你会在秋天吃到新鲜的西瓜。
(三)完成时态
1.现在完成时
▲基本用法：●表示开始于过去，持续到现在的一个动作或状态。常见时间状语有：lately, recently, in the last/past few days/years(在过去的这几天/年里), for days/years, since then, up to now, so far(至今)等。
●一件发生在过去的事情对现在产生的影响，注意这时说话者说话的重心在过去的事情对现在产生的影响。常用的状语有already，just(刚刚)，yet，never，before等。
In recent years, they have reflected people’s wishes and faiths.近年来，他们表达了人民的愿望和信仰。
Since then, a close friendship has grown between us and she’s been almost like a sister to me.
从那以后，我们之间建立了亲密的友谊，她对我来说就像姐姐一样。
Many parts of China have seen very heavy rainfall in the past few days.
在过去的几天里，中国的许多地区都出现了强降雨。
▲特殊用法：
①现在完成时的常用固定句型：
That/This/It be the first (second, third…)time (that)…
This/That/It be the+形容词最高级+名词+that从句的句型
This is the first time we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family.
这是我们第一次作为一个家庭一起在电影院看电影。
It was the first time she had left her motherland.这是她第一次离开祖国。
This is the best film that I’ve ever seen.这是我所看过的最好的一部电影。
②在条件、时间、让步状语从句中或上下文语境中，表示将来某时间前已完成的动作。
—When shall we restart our business —Not until we have finished our plan.
“我们什么时候重开我们的企业？”“等我们完成了我们的计划再开始。”
When you are home, give a call to let me know you have arrived safely.
当你到家的时候，打电话给我让我知道你已经到家了。
2.过去完成时
▲基本用法：表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。
We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody had broken into the office during the night.
我们在早晨到达工作地点时，发现有人在前一天晚上闯进了我们的办公室。
Bob called to tell his mother that he couldn’t enter the house, for he had left his key at school.
鲍勃打电话告诉他妈妈他进不了家。因为他把钥匙忘在教室里了。
▲特殊用法：
①常用hope, expect, think, intend, want, suppose等动词的过去完成时来表示未实现的希望、打算或意图。
—Dad, we are expecting the zoo-trip you promised us last week.
—Sorry, my children. I had intended to take you there this week, but I’ve been too busy.
“爸爸，我们本来期望你带我们你上周承诺去的动物园。”
“抱歉，我的孩子们，我上周本来打算带你们去的，但是我实在太忙了。”
②过去完成时的常用固定句型：
主语+had hardly/scarcely(no sooner)+过去分词+when(than)从句。从句用一般过去时(hardly, scarcely, no sooner位于句首时，主句要倒装)
It was+一段时间+since从句。since从句用过去完成时
It was the first/second/…time+(that)从句。从句用过去完成时
Hardly had he arrived in Hong Kong when he rang me up.他一到香港就给我打电话。
It was at least three months since I had left Beijing.我离开北京至少有三个月了。
It was the first time that I had chatted online in English.这是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。
(四)混成时态
1.现在完成进行时
▲基本用法：用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在(还要继续下去)的动作。
Tom has been working in the library every night over the last three months.
在过去的三个月里，汤姆每天晚上都在图书馆里学习。
I am sorry you have been waiting/have waited for so long, but it will still be some time before Jim gets back. 我很抱歉让你等了这么久，但吉姆还得过一段时间才能回来。
▲特殊用法：表示到目前为止的一段时间内动作时断时续、反复发生。
Tom has been working hard since the new term began.自从新学期开始，汤姆一直在努力学习。
You have been telling me not to be late all the way.一路上你反复告诉我不要迟到。
2.过去将来时
▲基本用法：相对于过去某一时刻而言即将发生的动作或存在的状态(多用在宾语从句中)。
It was announced that a charge for plastic bags would be introduced next year.
有消息称，明年将对塑料袋收费。
The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune was to be made.
在澳洲金矿的发现使千百人相信将会发财。
▲特殊用法：would do(表示过去的习惯)总是，总会，常常(不涉及与现在的比较)。
He would sit silent for hours when he was a little boy.小时候，他常常接连好几个小时默默地坐着。
He used to stay up late.他过去常常熬夜。(言下之意，现在不熬夜了)
三、几种易混时态(难点)的比较
(一)一般过去时与现在完成时
1.一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时表示过去发生的事情对现在的影响，强调的是结果。
I saw this film yesterday.(强调看的动作发生过了)
I have seen this film.(强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了)
2.一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，如yesterday, the other day, just now等；而现在完成时通常与不确定的时间状语连用，如so far, up to now, lately等，或无时间状语。
She returned yesterday.她昨天回来了。
He has been in New York for many years.他在纽约多年。
When I was at college I spoke three foreign languages but I have forgotten all except a few words of each.
我在大学时，曾经会说三门外语，但是除了每门几个单词外，其余的全忘记了。
(二)一般过去时与过去完成时
1.针对时间不同：一般过去时是针对现在而言的，过去完成时则是针对过去某一时刻而言的。
I met her in the street yesterday.我昨天在街上碰见了她。(meet的动作发生在过去)
He had learned English before he went to America.他去美国以前已经学过英语。
(learn的动作发生在went之前，即过去的过去)
2.时间状语不同：过去完成时的时间状语常是by或before构成的短语，如by that time, before 2000,by the
time+从句等。一般过去时的时间状语有two years ago, the day before yesterday等。
They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.昨天十点之前他们就到达了车站。
They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.昨天他们十点到了车站。
John and I have been friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we
had seen each other a couple of times before that. 约翰和我已经是8年的朋友了。我们第一次相识是在一个圣诞晚会上。但是在那之前我们已经见过好几次面了。
(三)现在完成时与现在完成进行时
1.现在完成进行时强调动作的未完成性；现在完成时强调过去某个动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。
I have been thinking it over.我一直在考虑这件事。
I have thought it over.我已经考虑过这件事了。
2.现在完成进行时表示动作的反复；现在完成时不表示动作的反复。
Have you been meeting him recently 你最近经常见他吗？
Have you met him recently 你最近见过他吗？
3.现在完成进行时可以表示某种感彩；现在完成时往往只说明一个事实、一种影响或结果,不带有感彩。
I have been waiting for you for three hours.我已等了你三个小时。(暗含不满的语气)
I have waited for you for three hours.我已等了你三个小时。(说明一个事实)
考点2 语态
英语动词有主动和被动两种语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态
表示主语是动作的承受者。
He wrote a letter this morning.
A letter was written by him this morning.
被动语态的用法
1.当我们不知道动作的执行者时或当我们认为没有必要指出谁是动作执行者时。
His car was stolen a week ago.
Television ads are usually repeated over and over again.
2.含有情态动词的被动语态结构：情态动词+ be+及物动词的过去分词The goods must be shipped before the end of September.
In this sense, bad things can be turned into good things.
3.含有双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构(了解)
We allowed him an hour to get to the airport. (主动语态) He was allowed an hour to get to the airport. (被动语态) An hour was allowed him to get to the airport. (被动语态)
4.英语中有很多动词可用主动形式表示被动意义。
The cakes sell quickly. The car drove easily.
考点3 主谓一致
主谓一致的三条原则：语法一致、逻辑意义一致、就近/远一致原则。
一、语法一致原则
只要确定句子的主语为单数意义，则谓语用单数，句子的主语为复数意义，则谓语用复数。
1.以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。
The girl looks quite familiar, but her name escapes me.这个女孩看起来很眼熟，但我想不起她的名字了。
Many new tough problems have arisen since they came to America.
自从他们来到美国以来，出现了许多新的棘手问题。
The effectiveness of this medicine was evaluated by these scientists the other day.
前几天这些科学家对这种药的有效性进行了评估。
Living in a boarding school makes me independent, which has a great effect on me.
住在寄宿学校使我独立，这对我的影响很大。
I’m not saying what he did was good, don’t misunderstand me. 别误会我，我并不是说他所做的就是好事。
When and where professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture hasn’t been decided yet.
詹姆斯教授何时何地给我们做关于西方文化的讲座还没有决定。
注意：①由what，who引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式：
What I say is helpful to you.
What I bought were three English books.
②两个不定式结构或动名词短语作主语时，如果是两个概念，用复数形式；如果是一个问题的两个
方面，用单数形式：
Going shopping and working out in the gym are what she does in her spare time.
她空闲时间都去购物和体育馆锻炼。
Where and when to hold the sports meet hasn’t been decided.在哪儿和什么时间开运动会还没有决定。
Early to rise and early to bed is good for our health.早起早睡对我们的健康有好处。
2.由连接词and或both...and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用谓语动词的复数形式。
Tom and Jim are carrying out an important experiment in the lab now.
汤姆和吉米正在实验室做一个重要的实验。
Both his father and mother work in a hospital.他的爸爸和妈妈都在一家医院工作。
注意点请参看下面的“逻辑意义一致原则”。
3.either, neither, each, every或no＋单数名词和由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词，都看作单数。
Each of us has something to say on the topic.在这个话题上，我们每个人都有话说。
Everything around us seems to be changing.我们身边的一切似乎都在改变。
4.在定语从句中，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。
David is one of those students who were praised by the headmaster yesterday.
大卫是昨天被校长表扬的学生之一。
He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school.他是我们学校老师中唯一懂法语的。
Those who were praised at the meeting could be sent to America to study further.
在这次会议上被表扬的人将被派到美国深造。
He wrote many children’s books, nearly half of which were published in the 1990s.
他写过许多儿童书，其中几乎一半是二十世纪九十年代出版的。
5.如果集体名词指的是整个集体，谓语动词用单数；如果指集体中的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这类词有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience, public, board, class, team, group, company, crew, enemy, government, herd, jury, party等。
Class Four is on the third floor.四班在三楼。
Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.四班学生在选班长的事情上没能达成一致。
注意：people, police, cattle, youth等名词一般都用作复数。
The police are looking for the lost child.警察正在寻找丢失的孩子。
6.由“a great deal of/a lot of/lots of/plenty of/the rest of/the majority of＋名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数＋名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。
A great deal of water was polluted year by year.每年大量的水被污染。
A lot of money has been spent on the bridge, which is expected to be completed next month.
建这座桥已经花费了大笔的钱，工程有望在下个月完成。
The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which were saved for other purposes.
该工厂使用了65%的原材料，其余的用作其它用途。
注意：①a number of“许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；the number of“……的数量”，主语是number，谓语用单数。
A great number of students who were invited to the party were from my school.
很多被邀请来参加晚会的学生来自于我校。
The number of children who have lost both parents to aids is also expected to rise.
因艾滋病失去双亲的儿童的人数预计要上升。
Recently a number of workers have left the company.最近有很多工人离开了该公司。
②a quantity/amount of修饰名词时，谓语动词的数与其所修饰的名词的数保持一致；quantities/amounts of修饰名词时，谓语动词用复数。
When he went in, he found that a quantity of food was on the table.
当他进去时，发现餐桌上摆满了丰盛的食物。
Large quantities of food have been sent to the countries struck by the earthquake so far.
到目前为止，已经向地震灾区运送了大量食品。
A large amount of money has been saved since we used the equipment.
自从我们使用这些设备以来，已经节省了一大笔钱。
二、逻辑意义一致原则
1.若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。
The writer and teacher Smith has gone through millions of ups and downs since he moved to Sydney.
既是作家又是教师的史密斯自从搬到悉尼经历了无数的成败。
2.由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every, more than a(an), many a(an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。
After they volunteered in the library, each book and each paper was in proper place.
从他们去图书馆做志愿者工作以后，每本书和每张报纸都摆放得井井有条。
3.many a, more than one和a＋名词单数＋or two作主语时，谓语动词用单数。many a的意思是“许多”，more than one的意思是“不止一个”，a＋名词单数＋or two的意思是“一个或两个”，从意义上讲，它们表示复数，但用作主语时，谓语却习惯上用单数。
Many a customer has been lost through negligence of service in the last few years.
最近几年由于服务不周失去了许多老主顾。
More than one foreign country leader has come to China for the international conference in the last three days.
最近三天已经有不止一位外国领导人来中国参加这次国际会议。
A worker or two is going to be sent to work abroad.一两个工人将被派往国外去工作。
5.trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a(the)pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词则用单数。
My glasses are broken. I have to buy a new pair. 我的眼镜坏了，我要买副新的。
The pair of glasses makes him look smart. 这副眼镜使得他看起来很神气。(makes)
6.“定冠词the＋形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，谓语动词用复数；表示某一个人时，谓语动词用单数。
Generation gap means that parents have old-fashioned values while the young have the opposite.
代沟的意思是父辈们的价值观念是老式的而年轻人正相反。
Yesterday an accident happened on the road and a person was injured. The injured was rushed to the nearest hospital.那个受伤者。句意：昨天路上发生了一起事故，一个人受伤了。伤者很快被送到最近的医院。
三、就近/远一致原则
1.当两个主语由either...or, neither...nor, whether...or..., not only...but also连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。
Either you or he has to stay at home this afternoon.今天下午或者是你或者是他必须呆在家。
Neither Jack nor I have seen this film.杰克和我都没有看过这部电影。
Do either you or he often have lunch at school 是你还是他经常在学校吃完饭啊？(就远一致)
2.当一个句子是由 there 或here引起，而主语又不止一个时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。
There are two chairs and a desk in the room.房间里有两把椅子、一张桌子。
There is a desk and two chairs in the room.房间里有一张桌子、两把椅子。
Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper in the drawer.抽屉里有一支钢笔,几个信封和一些纸。
3.在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。
On the wall are many pictures.墙上有很多照片。
In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people.
在远处就可以听到人们的鼓掌声喝彩声。
Such is the result.结果就是这样。
Such are the facts.事实就是如此。
4.主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with, together with, along with, except, but(除了), like, as well as, rather than，more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语动词用复数形式。
Dr Smith, together with his wife and daughters, is going to visit Beijing this summer.
史密斯先生以及他的妻子和女儿们这个夏天要去访问北京。
The musician along with his band members has given ten performances in the last three months.
这位音乐家和他的乐队成员在过去三个月里进行了十场演出。
Mr. Smith as well as two of his students is doing the experiment with care at the moment.
史密斯先生和他的两个学生此刻正在认真地做实验。
易混易错归纳
1.（广东省湛江市第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题）The bridge (call) the Bach Long suspension bridge. It means “White Dragon” in Vietnamese.
2.（广东省七校联合体2023-2024学年高三联考试题）Noting China’s achievements of green development in urban and rural areas, Zhang Xiaohong, vice minister of housing and urban-rural development, ___(stress) the difficult task of saving energy and reducing carbon emissions in urban and rural construction at a press conference on Monday.
3.（湖南省衡阳市衡阳县2023-2024年高三试题）On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example,roughly 200 academics - many of them climate scientists （promise） to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
4.（河北省任丘市第一中学2023年高三试题）Wudang martial arts based on the Taoist ideology (create) by one of the most famous Taoists, named Zhang Sanfeng in the early years of the Ming Dynasty.
He is one of the most selfish men that _______ ever lived; that’s why hardly _______ making friends with him.
A. has；anyone likesB. have；does anyone like
C. has；no one likesD. have；anyone likes
1.（2024·山东济南·一模）Driven by a great passion for guqin, 111 is an ancient Chinese instrument, Li Xiangting, a professor at the Central Conservatory of Music in Beijing 112 (devote) nearly 70 years to mastering and promoting it since his first encounter with it.
2.（2024·河南信阳·二模）The question of why the dress 122 (name) Ma Mian Qun has always been puzzling.
3.（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·二模）During the Chinese New Year, dragon dances 136 (perform) to chase away evil spirits and bring good fortune for the coming year.
4.（2024·安徽淮北·一模）The establishment of Sui Dynasty 4 (declare) the end of long-lasting split situation.
5.（2024·辽宁鞍山·二模）YOLO, short for You Only Live Once, 14 (top) China’s box office during the Spring Festival holiday, with both Du’s and Jia’s physical and psychological transformation (transform) trending on social media platforms.
6.（2024·安徽合肥·一模）A 1,500-kilometer-long waterway along the cliffs (悬崖) of the Taihang Mountains 23 (build) by the local people within 10 years, bringing precious water from the Zhanghe River in the bordering Shanxi Province to the drought-hit area.
7.（2024·安徽合肥·一模）People tied ropes around their waists and 27 (hang) off cliffs, drilling holes in rock, and then dug canals with simple tools.
8.（2024·福建泉州·三模）This integration of traditional wisdom into modern lifestyles 40 (reflect) a growing interest in understanding the deeper meaning of life through taijiquan and related practices.
9.（2024·湖南衡阳·二模）Since their appearance, they 46 (regard) as outstanding Chinese artistic treasures that/which combine technology, art, painting and aesthetics, representing the wisdom and creativity (creative) of the Chinese people.
10.（2024·辽宁盘锦·一模）With hot sugar poured from a small in spoon onto a flat surface, the outline of the figure 54 (draw) with a thick stream of sugar.
11.（2024·湖北·二模） The 68-year-old, a self-taught architect from the US, made the most important decision of his life to move to China in 1986, a year before the Great Wall 63 (list) as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Today, Spear calls Mutianyu village home.
12.（2024·湖北·二模） Over the years, the architect 67 (help) renovate around 20 households in Mutianyu, most of which now operate as hotels or restaurants, while doing (do) his best to preserve the original structures as much as possible. 13.（2024·河南周口·一模）However, for the last three years, we 5 (eat) out for the Spring Festival family dinner, and we have enjoyed it no less than eating at home.
14.（2024·湖南·一模）The team 2 (devote) to protecting the 45, 000 square meters of murals (壁画) and more than 2, 400 painted sculptures of the 735 caves of the site, the construction of which takes about a thousand years, from the 4th century to the 14th century.
15.（2024·广东梅州·一模）If you are skiing lovers, Yabuli Ski Resort and Jihua Ski Resort 10 (recommend).
16.（2024·辽宁沈阳·一模）Since its broadcast in 1983, the annual CCTV Spring Festival Gala 9 (become) an essential part of celebrations in the country to greet the Chinese New Year.
17.（2024·湖南衡阳·一模）Picking tea leaves 2 (be) an important spring activity in the Yangtze River basin in South China.
18.（2024·陕西榆林·二模）Scholars and artists studying (study) in France, as well as overseas students, 7 (contribute) valuable information about these scattered (分散的) relics.
19.（2024·湖南邵阳·二模）A Warring States Period Qintripod-shaped bronze lamp 11 (unearth) in 1974 in Pingliang, Gansu province, an important part of the Silk Road.
（2024·河北邯郸·三模）Along with the pine and plum blossom, bamboo also sometimes 9 (appear) as part of the Three Friends of Winter. Each of these three plants 10 (admire) for its ability to remain firm and fresh when the weather turns cold.专题04 时态语态主谓一致
目 录
01 挑战真题·查知识漏洞
02 回顾教材·补知识漏洞
回顾知识体系
回顾核心考点
易混易错归纳
03 知识通关演练
1.（2023年新高考II卷） As a little girl, I ________ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up.
【答案】wished
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：作为一个小女孩，我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以wish作本句谓语，和主语I之间是主动关系，根据后文的grew可知用一般过去时。故填wished。
2.（2023年浙江卷1月）Citizens of higher social classes (permit)to live closer to the center of the circles.
【答案】were permitted
【详解】考查动词的被动语态。句意：高等阶层的公民被允许住在离中心地带更近的地方。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中作谓语，和主语Citizens of higher social classes构成被动关系，因为是对过去事实的陈述应用一般过去时。故填were permitted。
3. （2023年浙江卷1月）The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often______ (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子).
【答案】featured
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：这些高级官员和有钱商人的高大的四合院，通常以雕刻精美和被粉刷的房顶横梁和柱子为特点。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填谓语动词，再结合上下文时态可知，空格处应用一般过去时。故填featured。
【2023年全国甲卷】 Carson proves that a simple literal form that has been passed down through the ages can still ____50____ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
【50题详解】
考查语态。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的抒情形式，已经代代相传，今天仍然可以用来吸引人们对重要真理的关注。从句主语a simple lyric form与employ之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be employed。
回顾知识体系
回顾核心考点
考点1 时态
(一)一般时态
1.一般现在时
▲基本用法：表示现在的习惯，经常发生的动作、存在的状态以及客观事实、普遍真理或自然现象。
On Monday morning it usually takes me an hour drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles.尽管实际距离只有20英里，但是每个星期一早上我开车去上班却要花费一个小时的时间。
The scientific literature evaluating these techniques stretches back decades and across thousands of articles.评估这些技术的科学文献可以追溯到几十年前，有数千篇文章。
“Life is like walking in the snow”, Granny used to say, “because every step shows”
奶奶过去常说“人生就像在雪中行走一样，因为每一步都会留下痕迹”。
The teacher said that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.老师说太阳从东方升起，在西方落下。
▲特殊用法：
①在时间、条件和让步状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
Every year, the moment I get on the train, I am surrounded by Shanxi accents.
每年，当我上火车的那一刻，我都被操山西口音的人所包围。
If we don’t act now to protect the environment, we’ll live to regret it.
如果我们现在不着手保护环境，我们就会后悔一辈子的。
但要注意在由if引导的条件状语从句中是可以用will来表“意愿”的，不表示将来时态。
如：If you will go, I will go together with you.如果你愿意去，我就跟你一块儿去。
My parents have promised to come to see me before I leave for Africa.
我的父母亲已经答应在我前往非洲之前来看我。
②按时间表的将来要发生的动作。
The plane takes off at 10:00 a.m.飞机上午10点起飞。
③以here, there开头的句子里，go, come等少数动词的一般现在时表示正在发生的动作。
There comes the bus.汽车来了。
Here she comes.她来了。
2.一般过去时
▲基本用法：表示发生在过去的事情、动作或存在的状态；用于表示过去的习惯、过去经常或反复发生的动作。
The email she had looked forward to arrived the other day at last.
她期待已久的电子邮件终于在前几天收到了。
I was out of town at the time, so I don’t know exactly how it happened.
我那个时候不在镇上，所以确实不知道事情是如何发生的。
▲特殊用法：
①表示说话人原来没有料到、想到的事(常用的动词如：think, want, plan等)。
I thought four hours was enough for us to finish the task.
我原以为我们完成这项任务四个小时就足够了。
②用于be about to do when固定句型，表示“正要……(这时)突然……”：主句用过去将来时，从句用一般过去时。
We were about to climb up to the top of the mountain when it began to rain heavily.
我们正要爬上山顶时，突然下起了大雨。
3.一般将来时
▲基本用法：表示将来的动作和存在的状态。
The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will pay off in the end.
学生们一直在努力学习功课，他们的努力最终会得到回报的。
I am going to take over the company one day.总有一天我会接管这家公司。
▲特殊用法：
①一般将来时还用于“祈使句或名词短语+and/or+陈述句”或“祈使句+破折号+陈述句”的句型中。
Follow the advice of the doctor, and you’ll be well very soon.听从大夫的建议，你的身体不久就会好的。
One step further and you’ll lost.再多走一步，你就会迷失方向了。
Take the chance, or you will regret it.抓住机会吧，否则你会遗憾的。
Try some of this juice—perhaps you’ll like it.尝尝这种果汁，也许你会喜欢的。
②be to do这种结构表示按计划中约定的或按职责、义务、要求必须去做的事或即将发生的动作。
The engineer is to visit our factory next week.那位工程师下周来参观我们工厂。
③be about to do这一结构用于表示客观上马上就要发生的事，一般不与具体的时间状语连用。
Don’t go out. We’re about to have dinner.别出去了，我们很快就吃饭了。
(二)进行时态
1.现在进行时
▲基本用法：表示现在或现在一阶段正在进行的动作或重复的动作。
I am waiting patiently for my turn to buy a ticket.我在耐心地等待轮到我买票。
Sorry, I’m busy right now. I am filling in an application form for a new job.
对不起，我现在很忙。我正在填写一份新的工作申请表。
▲特殊用法：
①现在进行时与always, often等频度副词连用，表经常反复的行动或某种感彩。
Why are always forgetting his name 为什么你总是忘记他的名字呢？
②现在进行时也可以表示将来(主要是一些短暂性动词。如：go, come, leave, start, begin, run, leave, stay,
do, take等)。
Food supplies in the flood-stricken area are running out.We must act immediately before there’s left.
遭受洪水袭击的地区，食物供给即将用完了。我们必须赶在食物所剩无几之前立刻采取行动。
“The moment is coming soon,” he thought to himself, waiting nervously.
“这一刻就要来到了，”他自思自忖，紧张地等待着。
2.过去进行时
▲基本用法：表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作(这一过去时间须用时间状语表示)；表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行。
He was cooking supper this time yesterday.昨天这个时候他正在做晚饭。
The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant was giving in his place but luckily, everything was going on smoothly. 经理担心他的助手正在代他所举办的新闻发布会。幸运的是，一切进展顺利。
—Did he notice you enter the room
—I don’t think so. He was listening to the radio with his eyes shut.
“他注意到你进房间了吗？”“我想他没注意到。他闭着眼睛在听收音机。”
▲特殊用法：
①两个动作在过去同时进行。
I was writing while he was watching TV. 我在写东西而他在看电视。
②代替过去将来时(参看上文的现在进行时也可以表示将来)。
Yesterday he said he was leaving for Canada.昨天他说他要动身去加拿大。
③be doing sth.+ when从句“正在做某事时突然……(主句用过去进行时，从句用一般过去时)。
David was wandering in the street alone when someone patted him on the shoulder.
大卫David正独自在街上徘徊，这时有人拍了拍他的肩膀。
3.将来进行时
▲基本用法：表示将来某一刻时间一段时间或正在进行的动作，一般要有明显的时间状语为标志。
This time next week I'll be lying on the beach, enjoying the sunshine.
下星期的这个时候我将正躺在沙滩上享受阳光。
▲特殊用法：
①表示现在正在进行的动作，但这个动作会延续到将来。
I think that she will be working on this experiment until next morning.
我想她做这个实验将会一直做到明天早上。
②表示预定的将来动作或对将来的预测。
If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring, you will be eating fresh watermelon in the fall.
如果你在春天种下西瓜种子，你会在秋天吃到新鲜的西瓜。
(三)完成时态
1.现在完成时
▲基本用法：●表示开始于过去，持续到现在的一个动作或状态。常见时间状语有：lately, recently, in the last/past few days/years(在过去的这几天/年里), for days/years, since then, up to now, so far(至今)等。
●一件发生在过去的事情对现在产生的影响，注意这时说话者说话的重心在过去的事情对现在产生的影响。常用的状语有already，just(刚刚)，yet，never，before等。
In recent years, they have reflected people’s wishes and faiths.近年来，他们表达了人民的愿望和信仰。
Since then, a close friendship has grown between us and she’s been almost like a sister to me.
从那以后，我们之间建立了亲密的友谊，她对我来说就像姐姐一样。
Many parts of China have seen very heavy rainfall in the past few days.
在过去的几天里，中国的许多地区都出现了强降雨。
▲特殊用法：
①现在完成时的常用固定句型：
That/This/It be the first (second, third…)time (that)…
This/That/It be the+形容词最高级+名词+that从句的句型
This is the first time we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family.
这是我们第一次作为一个家庭一起在电影院看电影。
It was the first time she had left her motherland.这是她第一次离开祖国。
This is the best film that I’ve ever seen.这是我所看过的最好的一部电影。
②在条件、时间、让步状语从句中或上下文语境中，表示将来某时间前已完成的动作。
—When shall we restart our business —Not until we have finished our plan.
“我们什么时候重开我们的企业？”“等我们完成了我们的计划再开始。”
When you are home, give a call to let me know you have arrived safely.
当你到家的时候，打电话给我让我知道你已经到家了。
2.过去完成时
▲基本用法：表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。
We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody had broken into the office during the night.
我们在早晨到达工作地点时，发现有人在前一天晚上闯进了我们的办公室。
Bob called to tell his mother that he couldn’t enter the house, for he had left his key at school.
鲍勃打电话告诉他妈妈他进不了家。因为他把钥匙忘在教室里了。
▲特殊用法：
①常用hope, expect, think, intend, want, suppose等动词的过去完成时来表示未实现的希望、打算或意图。
—Dad, we are expecting the zoo-trip you promised us last week.
—Sorry, my children. I had intended to take you there this week, but I’ve been too busy.
“爸爸，我们本来期望你带我们你上周承诺去的动物园。”
“抱歉，我的孩子们，我上周本来打算带你们去的，但是我实在太忙了。”
②过去完成时的常用固定句型：
主语+had hardly/scarcely(no sooner)+过去分词+when(than)从句。从句用一般过去时(hardly, scarcely, no sooner位于句首时，主句要倒装)
It was+一段时间+since从句。since从句用过去完成时
It was the first/second/…time+(that)从句。从句用过去完成时
Hardly had he arrived in Hong Kong when he rang me up.他一到香港就给我打电话。
It was at least three months since I had left Beijing.我离开北京至少有三个月了。
It was the first time that I had chatted online in English.这是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。
(四)混成时态
1.现在完成进行时
▲基本用法：用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在(还要继续下去)的动作。
Tom has been working in the library every night over the last three months.
在过去的三个月里，汤姆每天晚上都在图书馆里学习。
I am sorry you have been waiting/have waited for so long, but it will still be some time before Jim gets back. 我很抱歉让你等了这么久，但吉姆还得过一段时间才能回来。
▲特殊用法：表示到目前为止的一段时间内动作时断时续、反复发生。
Tom has been working hard since the new term began.自从新学期开始，汤姆一直在努力学习。
You have been telling me not to be late all the way.一路上你反复告诉我不要迟到。
2.过去将来时
▲基本用法：相对于过去某一时刻而言即将发生的动作或存在的状态(多用在宾语从句中)。
It was announced that a charge for plastic bags would be introduced next year.
有消息称，明年将对塑料袋收费。
The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune was to be made.
在澳洲金矿的发现使千百人相信将会发财。
▲特殊用法：would do(表示过去的习惯)总是，总会，常常(不涉及与现在的比较)。
He would sit silent for hours when he was a little boy.小时候，他常常接连好几个小时默默地坐着。
He used to stay up late.他过去常常熬夜。(言下之意，现在不熬夜了)
三、几种易混时态(难点)的比较
(一)一般过去时与现在完成时
1.一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时表示过去发生的事情对现在的影响，强调的是结果。
I saw this film yesterday.(强调看的动作发生过了)
I have seen this film.(强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了)
2.一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，如yesterday, the other day, just now等；而现在完成时通常与不确定的时间状语连用，如so far, up to now, lately等，或无时间状语。
She returned yesterday.她昨天回来了。
He has been in New York for many years.他在纽约多年。
When I was at college I spoke three foreign languages but I have forgotten all except a few words of each.
我在大学时，曾经会说三门外语，但是除了每门几个单词外，其余的全忘记了。
(二)一般过去时与过去完成时
1.针对时间不同：一般过去时是针对现在而言的，过去完成时则是针对过去某一时刻而言的。
I met her in the street yesterday.我昨天在街上碰见了她。(meet的动作发生在过去)
He had learned English before he went to America.他去美国以前已经学过英语。
(learn的动作发生在went之前，即过去的过去)
2.时间状语不同：过去完成时的时间状语常是by或before构成的短语，如by that time, before 2000,by the
time+从句等。一般过去时的时间状语有two years ago, the day before yesterday等。
They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.昨天十点之前他们就到达了车站。
They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.昨天他们十点到了车站。
John and I have been friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we
had seen each other a couple of times before that. 约翰和我已经是8年的朋友了。我们第一次相识是在一个圣诞晚会上。但是在那之前我们已经见过好几次面了。
(三)现在完成时与现在完成进行时
1.现在完成进行时强调动作的未完成性；现在完成时强调过去某个动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。
I have been thinking it over.我一直在考虑这件事。
I have thought it over.我已经考虑过这件事了。
2.现在完成进行时表示动作的反复；现在完成时不表示动作的反复。
Have you been meeting him recently 你最近经常见他吗？
Have you met him recently 你最近见过他吗？
3.现在完成进行时可以表示某种感彩；现在完成时往往只说明一个事实、一种影响或结果,不带有感彩。
I have been waiting for you for three hours.我已等了你三个小时。(暗含不满的语气)
I have waited for you for three hours.我已等了你三个小时。(说明一个事实)
考点2 语态
英语动词有主动和被动两种语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态
表示主语是动作的承受者。
He wrote a letter this morning.
A letter was written by him this morning.
被动语态的用法
1.当我们不知道动作的执行者时或当我们认为没有必要指出谁是动作执行者时。
His car was stolen a week ago.
Television ads are usually repeated over and over again.
2.含有情态动词的被动语态结构：情态动词+ be+及物动词的过去分词The goods must be shipped before the end of September.
In this sense, bad things can be turned into good things.
3.含有双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构(了解)
We allowed him an hour to get to the airport. (主动语态) He was allowed an hour to get to the airport. (被动语态) An hour was allowed him to get to the airport. (被动语态)
4.英语中有很多动词可用主动形式表示被动意义。
The cakes sell quickly. The car drove easily.
考点3 主谓一致
主谓一致的三条原则：语法一致、逻辑意义一致、就近/远一致原则。
一、语法一致原则
只要确定句子的主语为单数意义，则谓语用单数，句子的主语为复数意义，则谓语用复数。
1.以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。
The girl looks quite familiar, but her name escapes me.这个女孩看起来很眼熟，但我想不起她的名字了。
Many new tough problems have arisen since they came to America.
自从他们来到美国以来，出现了许多新的棘手问题。
The effectiveness of this medicine was evaluated by these scientists the other day.
前几天这些科学家对这种药的有效性进行了评估。
Living in a boarding school makes me independent, which has a great effect on me.
住在寄宿学校使我独立，这对我的影响很大。
I’m not saying what he did was good, don’t misunderstand me. 别误会我，我并不是说他所做的就是好事。
When and where professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture hasn’t been decided yet.
詹姆斯教授何时何地给我们做关于西方文化的讲座还没有决定。
注意：①由what，who引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式：
What I say is helpful to you.
What I bought were three English books.
②两个不定式结构或动名词短语作主语时，如果是两个概念，用复数形式；如果是一个问题的两个
方面，用单数形式：
Going shopping and working out in the gym are what she does in her spare time.
她空闲时间都去购物和体育馆锻炼。
Where and when to hold the sports meet hasn’t been decided.在哪儿和什么时间开运动会还没有决定。
Early to rise and early to bed is good for our health.早起早睡对我们的健康有好处。
2.由连接词and或both...and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用谓语动词的复数形式。
Tom and Jim are carrying out an important experiment in the lab now.
汤姆和吉米正在实验室做一个重要的实验。
Both his father and mother work in a hospital.他的爸爸和妈妈都在一家医院工作。
注意点请参看下面的“逻辑意义一致原则”。
3.either, neither, each, every或no＋单数名词和由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词，都看作单数。
Each of us has something to say on the topic.在这个话题上，我们每个人都有话说。
Everything around us seems to be changing.我们身边的一切似乎都在改变。
4.在定语从句中，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。
David is one of those students who were praised by the headmaster yesterday.
大卫是昨天被校长表扬的学生之一。
He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school.他是我们学校老师中唯一懂法语的。
Those who were praised at the meeting could be sent to America to study further.
在这次会议上被表扬的人将被派到美国深造。
He wrote many children’s books, nearly half of which were published in the 1990s.
他写过许多儿童书，其中几乎一半是二十世纪九十年代出版的。
5.如果集体名词指的是整个集体，谓语动词用单数；如果指集体中的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这类词有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience, public, board, class, team, group, company, crew, enemy, government, herd, jury, party等。
Class Four is on the third floor.四班在三楼。
Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.四班学生在选班长的事情上没能达成一致。
注意：people, police, cattle, youth等名词一般都用作复数。
The police are looking for the lost child.警察正在寻找丢失的孩子。
6.由“a great deal of/a lot of/lots of/plenty of/the rest of/the majority of＋名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数＋名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。
A great deal of water was polluted year by year.每年大量的水被污染。
A lot of money has been spent on the bridge, which is expected to be completed next month.
建这座桥已经花费了大笔的钱，工程有望在下个月完成。
The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which were saved for other purposes.
该工厂使用了65%的原材料，其余的用作其它用途。
注意：①a number of“许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；the number of“……的数量”，主语是number，谓语用单数。
A great number of students who were invited to the party were from my school.
很多被邀请来参加晚会的学生来自于我校。
The number of children who have lost both parents to aids is also expected to rise.
因艾滋病失去双亲的儿童的人数预计要上升。
Recently a number of workers have left the company.最近有很多工人离开了该公司。
②a quantity/amount of修饰名词时，谓语动词的数与其所修饰的名词的数保持一致；quantities/amounts of修饰名词时，谓语动词用复数。
When he went in, he found that a quantity of food was on the table.
当他进去时，发现餐桌上摆满了丰盛的食物。
Large quantities of food have been sent to the countries struck by the earthquake so far.
到目前为止，已经向地震灾区运送了大量食品。
A large amount of money has been saved since we used the equipment.
自从我们使用这些设备以来，已经节省了一大笔钱。
二、逻辑意义一致原则
1.若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。
The writer and teacher Smith has gone through millions of ups and downs since he moved to Sydney.
既是作家又是教师的史密斯自从搬到悉尼经历了无数的成败。
2.由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every, more than a(an), many a(an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。
After they volunteered in the library, each book and each paper was in proper place.
从他们去图书馆做志愿者工作以后，每本书和每张报纸都摆放得井井有条。
3.many a, more than one和a＋名词单数＋or two作主语时，谓语动词用单数。many a的意思是“许多”，more than one的意思是“不止一个”，a＋名词单数＋or two的意思是“一个或两个”，从意义上讲，它们表示复数，但用作主语时，谓语却习惯上用单数。
Many a customer has been lost through negligence of service in the last few years.
最近几年由于服务不周失去了许多老主顾。
More than one foreign country leader has come to China for the international conference in the last three days.
最近三天已经有不止一位外国领导人来中国参加这次国际会议。
A worker or two is going to be sent to work abroad.一两个工人将被派往国外去工作。
5.trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a(the)pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词则用单数。
My glasses are broken. I have to buy a new pair. 我的眼镜坏了，我要买副新的。
The pair of glasses makes him look smart. 这副眼镜使得他看起来很神气。(makes)
6.“定冠词the＋形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，谓语动词用复数；表示某一个人时，谓语动词用单数。
Generation gap means that parents have old-fashioned values while the young have the opposite.
代沟的意思是父辈们的价值观念是老式的而年轻人正相反。
Yesterday an accident happened on the road and a person was injured. The injured was rushed to the nearest hospital.那个受伤者。句意：昨天路上发生了一起事故，一个人受伤了。伤者很快被送到最近的医院。
三、就近/远一致原则
1.当两个主语由either...or, neither...nor, whether...or..., not only...but also连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。
Either you or he has to stay at home this afternoon.今天下午或者是你或者是他必须呆在家。
Neither Jack nor I have seen this film.杰克和我都没有看过这部电影。
Do either you or he often have lunch at school 是你还是他经常在学校吃完饭啊？(就远一致)
2.当一个句子是由 there 或here引起，而主语又不止一个时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。
There are two chairs and a desk in the room.房间里有两把椅子、一张桌子。
There is a desk and two chairs in the room.房间里有一张桌子、两把椅子。
Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper in the drawer.抽屉里有一支钢笔,几个信封和一些纸。
3.在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。
On the wall are many pictures.墙上有很多照片。
In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people.
在远处就可以听到人们的鼓掌声喝彩声。
Such is the result.结果就是这样。
Such are the facts.事实就是如此。
4.主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with, together with, along with, except, but(除了), like, as well as, rather than，more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语动词用复数形式。
Dr Smith, together with his wife and daughters, is going to visit Beijing this summer.
史密斯先生以及他的妻子和女儿们这个夏天要去访问北京。
The musician along with his band members has given ten performances in the last three months.
这位音乐家和他的乐队成员在过去三个月里进行了十场演出。
Mr. Smith as well as two of his students is doing the experiment with care at the moment.
史密斯先生和他的两个学生此刻正在认真地做实验。
易混易错归纳
1.（广东省湛江市第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题）The bridge (call) the Bach Long suspension bridge. It means “White Dragon” in Vietnamese.
易错分析：未能瞻前顾后，正确理解上下文的含义。下文means给出限速，强调客观事实。
【答案】is called
【解析】考查时态、语态。句意：这座桥被称为巴克隆悬索桥。陈述客观情况，用一般现在时，call与主语The bridge之间为动宾关系，应用被动语态，助动词用is。故填is called。
2.（广东省七校联合体2023-2024学年高三联考试题）Noting China’s achievements of green development in urban and rural areas, Zhang Xiaohong, vice minister of housing and urban-rural development, ___(stress) the difficult task of saving energy and reducing carbon emissions in urban and rural construction at a press conference on Monday.
易错分析：此句属于长难句，句子结构容易分析错误从而不会正确翻译，同时上下文时态的兼顾也是解题重点。
【答案】stressed
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：住房和城乡建设部副部长张晓红在周一的新闻发布会上提到了中国在城乡绿色发展方面取得的成就，强调了在城乡建设中节能减排的艰巨任务。分析句子可知，设空处在句中作谓语，应用动词；主语Zhang Xiaohong与动词stress之间为主动关系，结合时间状语on Monday可知，此处表示过去发生的事，应用一般过去时。故填stressed。
3.（湖南省衡阳市衡阳县2023-2024年高三试题）On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example,roughly 200 academics - many of them climate scientists （promise） to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
易错分析：受到母语翻译影响，很多学生只要翻译为“已经”，就联想到have的过去时had，继而had done, 属于现在完成时和过去完成时构成形式记忆不牢。
【答案】have promised
【解析】考查时态。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。根据时间状语“since+过去时间”可知主句应使用现在完成时，故填have promised。
4.（河北省任丘市第一中学2023年高三试题）Wudang martial arts based on the Taoist ideology (create) by one of the most famous Taoists, named Zhang Sanfeng in the early years of the Ming Dynasty.
易错分析：句子结构分析错误，谓语动词分析不当，混淆谓语的被动语态和过去分词都是错误原因。
【答案】were created
【解析】考查时态语态。句意：以道家思想为基础的武当武术，是明初著名的道士张三丰所创。根据时间状语in the early years of the Ming Dynasty可知用一般过去时，句中主语Wudang martial arts是复数，和动词create是被动关系，指武当功夫被创造，在句中作谓语用被动语态。故填一般过去时的被动语态were created。
He is one of the most selfish men that _______ ever lived; that’s why hardly _______ making friends with him.
A. has；anyone likesB. have；does anyone like
C. has；no one likesD. have；anyone likes
【答案】D
【解析】考查主谓一致。that引导的定语从句修饰的是名词复数men，因此定语从句的谓语动词应用have。第一个空考查的是定语从句中谓语动词的单复数，one of+复数名词+关系代词+复数动词，因此第一个空用have；后半句译为＂那就是几乎没有任何人和他交朋友的原因＂，hardly表示＂几乎不＂，根据句意，后面应是肯定句，故排除C项；hardly作为否定副词放在句首时，句子才使用倒装语序，因此排除B项。故选D项。
1.（2024·山东济南·一模）Driven by a great passion for guqin, 111 is an ancient Chinese instrument, Li Xiangting, a professor at the Central Conservatory of Music in Beijing 112 (devote) nearly 70 years to mastering and promoting it since his first encounter with it.
考查定语从句。句意：古琴是一种古老的中国乐器，出于对它的热爱，北京中央音乐学院教授李祥霆从第一次接触古琴开始，就花了近70年的时间来掌握和推广它。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是guqin，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
112．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：古琴是一种古老的中国乐器，出于对它的热爱，北京中央音乐学院教授李祥霆从第一次接触古琴开始，就花了近70年的时间来掌握和推广它。分析句子可知，空处作句子的谓语动词，结合时间状语“since his first encounter with it”可知，时态应用现在完成时，且主语Li Xiangting是单数，助动词应用has。故填has devoted。
2.（2024·河南信阳·二模）The question of why the dress 122 (name) Ma Mian Qun has always been puzzling.
考查动词语态。句意：这件衣服为什么被命名为马棉群，这个问题一直令人困惑。根据句意可知，本句陈述事实，故时态用一般现在时，且why引导的宾语从句的主语the dress与name“命名”为被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，且主语为第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is named。
3.（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·二模）During the Chinese New Year, dragon dances 136 (perform) to chase away evil spirits and bring good fortune for the coming year.
考查谓语动词时态语态。句意：在中国新年期间，舞龙是为了赶走恶鬼，为来年带来好运。所给动词perform在句中作谓语，主语dances与该动词为被动关系，应使用被动语态；叙述中国习俗应使用一般现在时，主语为复数名词。故填are performed。
4.（2024·安徽淮北·一模）The establishment of Sui Dynasty 4 (declare) the end of long-lasting split situation.
考查动词时态。句意：隋朝的创建宣布了长期分裂局面的结束。declare作谓语，描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时，故填declared。
5.（2024·辽宁鞍山·二模）YOLO, short for You Only Live Once, 14 (top) China’s box office during the Spring Festival holiday, with both Du’s and Jia’s physical and psychological transformation (transform) trending on social media platforms.
考查一般过去时。句意：YOLO (You Only Live Once的缩写)在春节期间成为中国票房冠军，杜和贾的身体和心理转变都成为社交媒体平台上的热门话题。根据“during the Spring Festival holiday”可知，此处描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。动词top意为“居……之首”。故填topped。
6.（2024·安徽合肥·一模）A 1,500-kilometer-long waterway along the cliffs (悬崖) of the Taihang Mountains 23 (build) by the local people within 10 years, bringing precious water from the Zhanghe River in the bordering Shanxi Province to the drought-hit area.
考查时态语态。句意：当地人民在10年内沿着太行山的悬崖修建了一条1500公里长的水道，将与山西接壤的漳河的宝贵水资源输送到干旱地区。主语与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文within 10 years可知发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为A 1,500-kilometer-long waterway，谓语用单数。故填was built。
7.（2024·安徽合肥·一模）People tied ropes around their waists and 27 (hang) off cliffs, drilling holes in rock, and then dug canals with simple tools.
考查时态。句意：人们把绳子系在腰上，挂在悬崖上，在岩石上钻孔，然后用简单的工具挖运河。根据上文“People tied ropes around their waists and”可知为一般过去时。故填hung。
8.（2024·福建泉州·三模）This integration of traditional wisdom into modern lifestyles 40 (reflect) a growing interest in understanding the deeper meaning of life through taijiquan and related practices.
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这种传统智慧与现代生活方式的融合反映了人们越来越有兴趣通过太极拳和相关实践来理解生命的深层意义。分析句意可知，本句的时态为一般现在时，又因为主语This integration是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填reflects。
9.（2024·湖南衡阳·二模）Since their appearance, they 46 (regard) as outstanding Chinese artistic treasures that/which combine technology, art, painting and aesthetics, representing the wisdom and creativity (creative) of the Chinese people.
考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：自出现以来，它们就被认为是中国杰出的艺术珍品，集技术、艺术、绘画和美学于一体，代表了中国人民的智慧和创造力。由Since可知，句子时态是现在完成时，它们被认为是中国杰出的艺术珍品，因此空格处用现在完成时的被动语态，主语they是复数，因此空格处是have been regarded。故填have been regarded。
10.（2024·辽宁盘锦·一模）With hot sugar poured from a small in spoon onto a flat surface, the outline of the figure 54 (draw) with a thick stream of sugar.
54．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：用小勺子将热糖倒在平面上，用浓稠的糖液勾勒出人物的轮廓。空处作谓语，主语outline与draw构成被动关系，且陈述事实，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为单数，谓语用单数。故填is drawn。
11.（2024·湖北·二模） The 68-year-old, a self-taught architect from the US, made the most important decision of his life to move to China in 1986, a year before the Great Wall 63 (list) as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Today, Spear calls Mutianyu village home.
考查时态语态。句意：这位68岁的美国建筑师自学成才，1986年，也就是长城被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产的前一年，他做出了人生中最重要的决定——移居中国。主语与谓语构成被动关系，结合in 1986可知为一般过去时的被动语态，主语为the Great Wall，谓语用单数，故填was listed。
12.（2024·湖北·二模） Over the years, the architect 67 (help) renovate around 20 households in Mutianyu, most of which now operate as hotels or restaurants, while doing (do) his best to preserve the original structures as much as possible.
考查谓语动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：多年来，这位建筑师帮助改造了慕田峪的大约20户人家，其中大多数现在都是酒店或餐馆，同时尽可能地保留了原有的结构。根据over the years可知，此处应使用现在完成时，主语为the architect，助动词用has。故填has helped。
13.（2024·河南周口·一模）However, for the last three years, we 5 (eat) out for the Spring Festival family dinner, and we have enjoyed it no less than eating at home.
考查时态。句意：然而，在过去的三年里，我们一直在外面吃年夜饭，而且我们吃得并不比在家里吃得少。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“for the last three years”可知，本句时态为现在完成时。故填have eaten。
14.（2024·湖南·一模）The team 2 (devote) to protecting the 45, 000 square meters of murals (壁画) and more than 2, 400 painted sculptures of the 735 caves of the site, the construction of which takes about a thousand years, from the 4th century to the 14th century.
考查时态语态：句意：该团队致力于保护该遗址735个洞穴中45,000平方米的壁画和超过2,400个彩绘雕塑，这些洞穴的建造从4世纪到14世纪大约花费了一千年。此处考查固定搭配：be devoted to意为“致力于”，根据后文的takes可知，用一般现在时，主语The team为第三人称单数。故填is devoted。
15.（2024·广东梅州·一模）If you are skiing lovers, Yabuli Ski Resort and Jihua Ski Resort 10 (recommend).
考查动词时态和语态。句意：如果你是滑雪爱好者，Yabuli滑雪场和 Jihua滑雪场会被推荐。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，根据句中的if可知，句子符合“主将从现”，从句使用一般现在时，主句使用一般将来时。同时Yabuli Ski Resort，Jihua Ski Resort与recommend之间是被动关系，故使用一般将来时的被动语态。同时该句子也可以表述客观事实，故也可使用一般现在时的被动语态。故答案为are recommended/will be recommended。
16.（2024·辽宁沈阳·一模）Since its broadcast in 1983, the annual CCTV Spring Festival Gala 9 (become) an essential part of celebrations in the country to greet the Chinese New Year.
9．考查时态。句意：自1983年播出以来，一年一度的中央电视台春节联欢晚会已成为全国庆祝春节的重要组成部分。根据句意和句中的“Since its broadcast in 1983”可知，该句的时态为现在完成时，又因句子主语“the annual CCTV Spring Festival Gala”为第三人称单数，助动词使用has。故填has become。
17.（2024·湖南衡阳·一模）Picking tea leaves 2 (be) an important spring activity in the Yangtze River basin in South China.
考查时态、主谓一致。句意：摘茶叶是中国南方长江流域一项重要的春季活动。结合语境可知本句陈述事实，故时态用一般现在时，且主语Picking tea leaves视为第三人称单数，故系动词用is。故填is。
18.（2024·陕西榆林·二模）Scholars and artists studying (study) in France, as well as overseas students, 7 (contribute) valuable information about these scattered (分散的) relics.
考查动词时态。句意：在法国学习的学者和艺术家以及海外学生为这些散落的文物提供了宝贵的信息。分析句子可知，空处作谓语动词，根据上下文可知，此处为陈述过去发生的事情，应为一般过去时。故填contributed。
19.（2024·湖南邵阳·二模）A Warring States Period Qintripod-shaped bronze lamp 11 (unearth) in 1974 in Pingliang, Gansu province, an important part of the Silk Road.
考查动词时态和语态。句意：战国时期泰三脚架形青铜灯于1974年在甘肃平凉出土，甘肃平凉是丝绸之路的重要组成部分。unearth是及物动词，它和lamp为被动关系，再由时间状语“in 1974”可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语lamp 是单数，故填was unearthed。
（2024·河北邯郸·三模）Along with the pine and plum blossom, bamboo also sometimes 9 (appear) as part of the Three Friends of Winter. Each of these three plants 10 (admire) for its ability to remain firm and fresh when the weather turns cold.
9．考查时态。句意：除了松树和梅花，竹子有时也会作为冬季三友的一部分出现。分析句子可知，空格处作谓语。根据上下文可知，此处应用一般现在时态。句子主语是bamboo，故谓语动词appear应用单数第三人称形式。故填appears。
10．考查动词的时态和语态。句意：这三种植物中的每一种都因其在天气变冷时保持坚硬和新鲜的能力而备受钦佩。分析句子可知，空格处应填入谓语动词。根据句中时间状语从句when the weather turns cold可知，此处应用一般现在时态。主语Each of these three plants与谓语动词admire是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用被动语态，注意主谓一致。故填is admired。
