(共34张PPT)
动词和动词短语
语法基础复习
一、实义动词词义辨析
实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词。按其句法作用可分为及物动词和不及物动词。
1．及物动词：及物动词本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。
(1)动词＋宾语。如：
I like this book very much.
我非常喜欢这本书。
(2)动词＋宾语＋宾补。如：
We call the bird Polly．
我们叫那只鸟波利。
I saw the children playing in the park yesterday.
昨天我看见孩子们在公园玩。
带省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的动词有make，let，have，see，watch，notice，hear等。
(3)动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语。如：
Please pass me the salt．
请把盐递给我。
常见带双宾语的动词有give，bring，buy，get，leave，lend，make，offer，pass，teach，tell，write，read，return等。
2．不及物动词：不及物动词自身意思完整，无需接宾语。如：
Horses run fast.马跑得快。
(1)有些动词既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词。如：
We study English．
我们学习英语。(及物动词)
We study hard．
我们努力学习。(不及物动词)
Birds can fly．
鸟会飞。(不及物动词)
(2)有些不及物动词与一些别的词搭配在一起构成短语动词，它的作用等于一个及物动词，要注意积累。如：
Listen to the teacher carefully.
仔细听老师讲。
He turned off the light when he left.
当他离开时，他把灯关了。
二、系动词和助动词的用法
1．系动词。
本身有词义，但不能独立作谓语，须与表语一起构成谓语。用来表示主语状态的系动词只有be(am，is，are，was，were)；用来表示主语继续或保持一种状态或态度的系动词有keep，stay，remain，stand等；表象系动词有look，seem，appear等；表示人的感觉的系动词有feel，smell，sound，taste等；表变化的系动词有become，get，grow，turn等。如：
Mr.Wang seems__very angry.(似乎)
This kind of cloth feels__very soft.(摸起来)
The flower smells sweet.(闻起来)
Now my dream becomes true.(实现了)
You must__keep healthy.(保持)
Her face turns red.(变得)
2．助动词。
本身无意义或意义不完整，不能独立用作谓语。它须与别的动词连用，帮助构成各种时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等。常用助动词有be，have，has，had，do，does，did，will和shall等。
(1)助动词be(am，is，are，was，were)。
①助动词be＋现在分词，构成进行时。如：
They asked me what I was doing all afternoon.
他们问我整个下午在干什么。
②助动词be ＋过去分词，构成被动语态。如：
Many trees were planted in the park last Sunday.
上星期天在公园种了很多树。
(2)助动词have(has，had)。
①助动词have(has，had)＋动词ed形式，构成完成时。
②助动词have(has，had)＋been＋动词ing形式，构成完成进行时。
3．助动词do用于构成疑问句和否定式，用于倒装句，加强说话的语气及代替前面刚出现的动词等。
—Do you live in China？ —你住在中国吗？
—Yes，I do. —是的，我住在中国。
He didn't play basketball yesterday.
他昨天没有打篮球。
Only then did I realize I was wrong.
到那时我才意识到我错了。
4．助动词will和shall用于构成将来时。shall仅用于第一人称，will可用于各种人称。如：
I shall be sixteen years old next birthday.
到下个生日，我将16岁了。
He asked me when we would leave.
他问我我们何时动身。
三、情态动词的用法
情态动词有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，须与动词原形一起构成谓语，表示说话人的情绪、态度和语气。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。
1．can，could
(1)表能力，could为can的过去时。can与be able to的意义基本相同。但can只有一般现在时和一般过去时，而be able to能用于各种时态。
(2)表可能性。
(3)表许可，口语中可代替may。
(4)can't表有把握的否定判断，意为“不可能”。
(5)could在口语中，常代替can来向对方比较委婉客气地提出请求或表示看法。此时，could不表示过去时。
2．may，might
(1)用来征求对方意见，意为“可以”，口语性较强。might可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。
(2)表猜测和对可能性的判断，意为“可能，也许”。might可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更加不肯定。
3．must
(1)表说话人的主观意志，意为“必须，应该”，无时态变化。其否定答语常用needn't或don't have to，意为“不必”。
注：have to意为“不得不，必须”，主要强调受到外界客观因素的迫使。它可用于多种时态，且有人称和数的变化。
must的否定形式为mustn't，意为“不许，一定不要”，表示禁止和告诫。
(2)表示对事物的推测，意为“想必，一定”，只用于肯定句。且比may的语气要肯定得多。
4．would
作情态动词时，无人称限制，表意愿，常与like，love连用。
5．should
(1)表义务，意为“应该”(某件事宜于做)，用于各种人称。
(2)表推测，意为“想必一定，照说应该，估计”等。
四、动词短语
动词短语指动词跟一个或两个介词或副词构成的固定短语。其意义与原来动词的意思不同。
1．动词短语的分类。
(1)动词＋介词
arrive in(at)，ask for，begin with，be from，come from，get to，laugh at，look for，send for，wait for
(2)及物动词＋副词
find out，give up，look up，put on，pick up，ring up，take off，take away，turn on，turn off，think over，cut off
(3)不及物动词＋副词
get up，go on，grow up，set off，stand up，take off
(4)动词＋副词＋介词
get on(along)with，catch up with，come up with，go on with，look forward to
(5)动词＋名词＋介词
take part in，make friends with，take care of
(6)be＋形容词＋介词
be good at，be interested in，be good for，be worried about
2．初中阶段常用短语。
(1)look短语：
look for寻找；look after照顾；look over查看；look forward to期望，盼望；look at看着；look up抬头看，查找……；look into 调查；look out当心；look like看起来像；look the same看起来一样；look through浏览
(2)put短语：
put off推迟；put on 穿上，上演，增加(体重)；put away 把……暂时收起来；put out扑灭；put off推迟；put back放回；put up 举起，建造，张贴；put sth.to good use好好利用某物
(3)turn短语：
turn on打开；turn off关掉；turn up把音量开大一点；turn down把音量开小一点；turn to朝向；turn into变成；turn over翻开，翻转；turn...into...把……变成……
(4)get短语：
get on/along(well)with与某人相处(融洽)；get up起床；get on上车(船、飞机、马)；get off下车(船、飞机、马)；get away离开，逃脱；get in the way of挡……的路，妨碍；get into陷入，进入；get out(of)(从……)出来；get to到达；get together聚会；get married结婚；get used to习惯于；get mad大动肝火，气愤
(5)take短语：
take off(飞机)起飞，脱掉(衣服)；take in吸入，吞入(体内)；take away拿走；take down拆除，往下拽，记录；take after(外貌或行为)像；take breaks休息；take care of照顾；take risks冒险；take up占据(时间、空间)，开始从事，拿起；take action采取行动；take place发生；take part in参加；take pride in为……感到自豪
(6)go短语：
go over温习，复习；go swimming/skating/shopping/dancing/fishing/hunting/camping去游泳/溜冰/购物/跳舞/钓鱼/打猎/野营；go into走进；go out出去，熄灭；go away走开；go back回去，回顾；go up上升，攀登；go by时间流逝，从旁经过；go down下降，下沉；go for为……而去；go on继续；go through经历；go to school/work去上学/上班；go home回家；go to the doctor去看医生
(7)come短语：
come along一道来；come in进来；come into进入；come out出来，出版；come from来自；come back回来；come across偶然遇到；come over过来；come home回家；come on快点，跟着来，加油；come up with想出(主意、计划等)
(8)give短语：
give up放弃；give off放出，发出(气体、气味、光、热等)；give out分发，散发；give away赠送，捐赠；give in屈服，让步，投降；give...a lift捎……一程
(9)make短语：
make a decision做出决定；make sb.do sth.让某人做某事；make a mistake犯错误；make progress取得进步；make friends with与……交朋友；make up编造，组成；make a face做鬼脸；make an effort做出努力；make sure确保；make a difference影响，有作用；make one's way前往，费力地前进
(10)be短语：
be friendly/kind to对……友好；be different from与……不同；be afraid of害怕；be popular with受……欢迎；be interested in对……感兴趣；be strict with对某人严格；be strict in对某事严格；be famous/known as作为……出名；be famous/known for因……著名；be surprised at对……惊讶；be pleased with对……满意；be proud of对……感到自豪；be polite/impolite to对某人有礼貌/不礼貌；be thankful/grateful to对某人感激；be good for对……有好处；be good at擅长于……；be made up of由……构成；be angry with对某人生气；be busy with忙于；be full of/filled with装满……；be late for迟到；be covered with覆盖着；be used to习惯于……；be in control of掌管，管理；be able to能够做某事；be ready
to愿意(迅速)做某事；be similar to与……相像；be sure about确信，对……有把握；be up to是……的职责，由……决定；be thirsty for渴望；be hard on sb.对某人苛刻
(11)call短语：
call at拜访(后接地点)；call on拜访(后接被拜访的对象)，号召；call back回电话；call up打电话，使回忆起；call for要求，提倡，邀请；call in召来，叫来。
五、易混动词和动词短语
1．borrow，lend，keep
(1)borrow：借，为短暂性动词，表示主语借入，常用短语borrow sth.from sb.。如：
I borrowed a book from the school library.
我从学校图书馆借了一本书。
(2)lend：借，为短暂性动词，表示主语借出，常用短语lend sth.to sb.。如：
Could you lend your bike to me
你能把自行车借给我吗？
(3)keep：保存，借，为延续性动词，表示长时间地借。如：
How long can I keep this book
这本书我能借多久？
I can keep the book for five days.
我能借这本书五天。
2．arrive，get，reach表示“到达”时的区别：
arrive in＋大地方，arrive at＋具体的小地方；get to＋地点名词；reach是及物动词，后面可直接跟地点名词。
3．used to do sth.，be used to do sth.，be used to doing sth.
(1)be used to doing sth.表示习惯做某事，to后的动词用ing形式；used to do sth.表示过去常常做某事。如：
I'm used to getting up early.
我习惯了早起。
I used to get up at five in the morning.
我过去经常在早上五点起床。
(2)be used to do sth.指被用来做某事。如：
Pens are used to write.
钢笔被用来写字。
4．dress，put on，wear
(1)dress sb.给某人穿衣服；dress sb.up打扮某人。如：
The boy dressed himself quickly.
那个男孩快速地给自己穿上衣服。
Mother dresses her baby everyday.
母亲每天给她的孩子穿衣服。
(2)put on 穿上，戴上，表示动作。如：
Tom put on his coat and went out.
汤姆穿上外套然后出去了。
(3)wear穿着，戴着，表示状态。如：
Lily is wearing a red skirt today.
莉莉今天穿着一条红裙子。
5．spend，cost，pay
(1)spend：花费时间或金钱，后接on sth.或(in)doing。
(2)cost：物作主语，意为“值多少钱；花费”。
(3)take：可用固定句型表示花费金钱、时间，其结构为：形式主语 It＋takes/took sb.＋时间＋to do sth.。
(4)pay：人作主语，与介词for连用。
6．bring，take，carry
(1)bring带来，拿来，表示拿到靠近说话人的地方。
(2)take拿去，带走表示拿到远离说话人的地方。
(3)carry扛，搬，用力移动，没有方向。
7．lose，forget，leave
(1)lose：意为“丢失；失去”。
(2)forget：意为“忘记”。forget to do sth.忘记去做某事，forget doing sth.忘记做过某事。
(3)leave sth.＋地点，意为“把某物落在某处”。
8．turn，get，grow，become
(1)turn：一般用于颜色的变化，如turn red，turn yellow。
(2)天变黑，要用get或 grow；天气变暖或变冷，用become或get；天变长或变短，一般用get。
9．think of，think about，think over，talk about
(1)think of意为“想到……”。
(2)think about意为“考虑”，宾语it或 them置后。
(3)think over 意为“仔细考虑”，宾语it或them放在中间，一般指考虑问题。
(4)talk about意为“谈论”。
10．lose，fail，beat，win
(1)lose意为“输给某人”，固定搭配为lose to sb.。
(2)fail是失败或未做成某事。
(3)beat意为“打败”，后接sb.或某支队伍。
(4)win意为“赢得”，如赢得荣誉、地位、比赛等。
一、选择方框中的情态动词填空
1．—How many English words do you think I should know
—As many as you _______．Then you will find reading quite easy.
2．That T shirt ________ be expensive because it looks so nice.
3．The lady in this photo ________ be over fifty！She looks so young!
4．We _________ be more careful，or we will make the same mistake in the experiment.
5．—Can I swim here
—I'm sorry.Children __________ swim alone here.
can
must
can't
should
mustn't
语法过关小练习
二、选用方框中的动词词组并用适当形式填空
write down pick up hand in get off
take place hear about put off stay up
1．Don't forget to take your bag with you when you __________ the bus.
2．Great changes have ______________ in our city in the past five years.
3．—Please __________ the paper，Jimmy!
—But I haven't checked it yet，Mr.Black.
4．We have never visited the museum，but we have _______________ it.
5．We have to _________ our sports meeting till next week because of the heavy rain.
get off
taken place
hand in
heard about
put off
6．Let me ______________ your phone number and I'll call you back when I'm free.
7．The workers in the Huashan Mountains have to ___________ rubbish to keep the mountains clean.
8．Don't _________ late.You have a competition tomorrow morning.
write down
pick up
stay up
三、用所给词的适当形式填空
1．We've worked for a long time.Let's stop ___________(drink)some water.
2．I don't mind _________(see)the movies with my parents.
3．Please look at the girls __________ (dance)over there！How well they dance!
4．Thanks for __________ (help)me with my housework after dinner.
5．Every morning，he practices _________(sing)the English songs again and again.
6．Mr.Smith's plane ______________ (arrive)．Let's wait for him here.
7．He prefers __________(take)part in the public activities rather than stay at home alone.
8．The bag is light.Wang Ping can _________(carry)it by herself.
to drink
seeing
dancing
helping
singing
has arrived
to take
carry
9．The girl enjoys ___________ (listen)to the radio very much.
10．He had to make a living by _________(sell)newspapers all around the city.
11．The boys decided __________ (help)the poor man.
12．He left the room without _________(say)goodbye.
13．If you work hard.I'm sure you ______________ (achieve)your dream one day.
14．The teacher said the sun _______(rise)in the east and _______ (set)in the west.
15．We ___________ (take)the plane back to our home town tomorrow afternoon.
listening
selling
to help
saying
will achieve
rises
sets
will take
四、短文填空
I love 1._____________(go)shopping.My husband 2.________(think)I am crazy because I go shopping every day.I 3.____________ (be)like this since I was 10 years old.When my mother 4._______(take)me to buy new clothes，I loved 5.___________ ______(stay)in the shops for hours and hours.We were quite a poor family so I used to 6.________(look)at everything without 7._________ (buy)and that is what I still do now.I look，I touch，I feel，but I rarely 8.______ (buy)a single thing.After I 9.___________(be)shopping with my mother，I always 10.______ (feel)very happy.
going/to go
thinks
have been
took
staying/to
stay
look
buying
buy
had been
felt
My favorite shops 11.__________(visit)now are supermarkets.I would like 12.__________ (own)a supermarket I think！If I had my own supermarket, I'd spend all day there and be the happiest person alive.So why 13.___________ (I like) supermarkets so much？Well，I love food and I especially love 14._______________ (try)different foreign foods.When I have a supermarket，I can 15.______ (see) together all different types of food.It's like 16.________ (be)in a street market but with the advantage of 17._______________(be able to)listen to the wonderful music they 18._______(play)．
That is the other thing I love about 19._______(be)in shops—the music.In my house，I can't stop 20.___________(listen)to a CD my daughter 21._________ (buy)for me for Christmas called “Best of Supermarket Super 40”．Since I was
to visit
to own
do I like
trying/to try
see
being
being able to
play
being
listening
bought
young，I 22.__________________(never like)rock music or classical music，only shopping music.I enjoy 23.___________(relax)by 24.___________(listen)to that music when I 25.____________________(work)in the house.I am such a happy woman.26.__________(go)shopping is my life.
have never liked
relaxing
listening
am working/work
Going中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
语法基础知识------动词和动词短语
知识讲解
一、实义动词词义辨析
实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词。按其句法作用可分为及物动词和不及物动词。
1．及物动词：及物动词本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。
(1)动词＋宾语。如：
I like__this__book very much.
我非常喜欢这本书。
(2)动词＋宾语＋宾补。如：
We call__the__bird__Polly．
我们叫那只鸟波利。
I saw__the__children__playing in the park yesterday.
昨天我看见孩子们在公园玩。
带省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的动词有make，let，have，see，watch，notice，hear等。
(3)动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语。如：
Please pass__me__the__salt．
请把盐递给我。
常见带双宾语的动词有give，bring，buy，get，leave，lend，make，offer，pass，teach，tell，write，read，return等。
2．不及物动词：不及物动词自身意思完整，无需接宾语。如：
Horses run fast.马跑得快。
(1)有些动词既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词。如：
We study__English．
我们学习英语。(及物动词)
We study__hard．
我们努力学习。(不及物动词)
Birds can fly．
鸟会飞。(不及物动词)
(2)有些不及物动词与一些别的词搭配在一起构成短语动词，它的作用等于一个及物动词，要注意积累。如：
Listen__to the teacher carefully.
仔细听老师讲。
He turned__off the light when he left.
当他离开时，他把灯关了。
二、系动词和助动词的用法
1．系动词。
本身有词义，但不能独立作谓语，须与表语一起构成谓语。用来表示主语状态的系动词只有be(am，is，are，was，were)；用来表示主语继续或保持一种状态或态度的系动词有keep，stay，remain，stand等；表象系动词有look，seem，appear等；表示人的感觉的系动词有feel，smell，sound，taste等；表变化的系动词有become，get，grow，turn等。如：
Mr.Wang seems__very angry.(似乎)
This kind of cloth feels__very soft.(摸起来)
The flower smells sweet.(闻起来)
Now my dream becomes true.(实现了)
You must__keep healthy.(保持)
Her face turns red.(变得)
2．助动词。
本身无意义或意义不完整，不能独立用作谓语。它须与别的动词连用，帮助构成各种时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等。常用助动词有be，have，has，had，do，does，did，will和shall等。
(1)助动词be(am，is，are，was，were)。
①助动词be＋现在分词，构成进行时。如：
They asked me what I was__doing all afternoon.
他们问我整个下午在干什么。
②助动词be ＋过去分词，构成被动语态。如：
Many trees were__planted in the park last Sunday.
上星期天在公园种了很多树。
(2)助动词have(has，had)。
①助动词have(has，had)＋动词ed形式，构成完成时。
②助动词have(has，had)＋been＋动词ing形式，构成完成进行时。
3．助动词do用于构成疑问句和否定式，用于倒装句，加强说话的语气及代替前面刚出现的动词等。
—Do you live in China？ —你住在中国吗？
—Yes，I do. —是的，我住在中国。
He didn't play basketball yesterday.
他昨天没有打篮球。
Only__then__did I realize I was wrong.
到那时我才意识到我错了。
4．助动词will和shall用于构成将来时。shall仅用于第一人称，will可用于各种人称。如：
I shall be sixteen years old next birthday.
到下个生日，我将16岁了。
He asked me when we would leave.
他问我我们何时动身。
三、情态动词的用法
情态动词有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，须与动词原形一起构成谓语，表示说话人的情绪、态度和语气。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。
1．can，could
(1)表能力，could为can的过去时。can与be able to的意义基本相同。但can只有一般现在时和一般过去时，而be able to能用于各种时态。
(2)表可能性。
(3)表许可，口语中可代替may。
(4)can't表有把握的否定判断，意为“不可能”。
(5)could在口语中，常代替can来向对方比较委婉客气地提出请求或表示看法。此时，could不表示过去时。
2．may，might
(1)用来征求对方意见，意为“可以”，口语性较强。might可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。
(2)表猜测和对可能性的判断，意为“可能，也许”。might可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更加不肯定。
3．must
(1)表说话人的主观意志，意为“必须，应该”，无时态变化。其否定答语常用needn't或don't have to，意为“不必”。
注：have to意为“不得不，必须”，主要强调受到外界客观因素的迫使。它可用于多种时态，且有人称和数的变化。
must的否定形式为mustn't，意为“不许，一定不要”，表示禁止和告诫。
(2)表示对事物的推测，意为“想必，一定”，只用于肯定句。且比may的语气要肯定得多。
4．would
作情态动词时，无人称限制，表意愿，常与like，love连用。
5．should
(1)表义务，意为“应该”(某件事宜于做)，用于各种人称。
(2)表推测，意为“想必一定，照说应该，估计”等。
四、动词短语
动词短语指动词跟一个或两个介词或副词构成的固定短语。其意义与原来动词的意思不同。
1．动词短语的分类。
(1)动词＋介词
arrive in(at)，ask for，begin with，be from，come from，get to，laugh at，look for，send for，wait for
(2)及物动词＋副词
find out，give up，look up，put on，pick up，ring up，take off，take away，turn on，turn off，think over，cut off
(3)不及物动词＋副词
get up，go on，grow up，set off，stand up，take off
(4)动词＋副词＋介词
get on(along)with，catch up with，come up with，go on with，look forward to
(5)动词＋名词＋介词
take part in，make friends with，take care of
(6)be＋形容词＋介词
be good at，be interested in，be good for，be worried about
2．初中阶段常用短语。
(1)look短语：
look for寻找；look after照顾；look over查看；look forward to期望，盼望；look at看着；look up抬头看，查找……；look into 调查；look out当心；look like看起来像；look the same看起来一样；look through浏览
(2)put短语：
put off推迟；put on 穿上，上演，增加(体重)；put away 把……暂时收起来；put out扑灭；put off推迟；put back放回；put up 举起，建造，张贴；put sth.to good use好好利用某物
(3)turn短语：
turn on打开；turn off关掉；turn up把音量开大一点；turn down把音量开小一点；turn to朝向；turn into变成；turn over翻开，翻转；turn...into...把……变成……
(4)get短语：
get on/along(well)with与某人相处(融洽)；get up起床；get on上车(船、飞机、马)；get off下车(船、飞机、马)；get away离开，逃脱；get in the way of挡……的路，妨碍；get into陷入，进入；get out(of)(从……)出来；get to到达；get together聚会；get married结婚；get used to习惯于；get mad大动肝火，气愤
(5)take短语：
take off(飞机)起飞，脱掉(衣服)；take in吸入，吞入(体内)；take away拿走；take down拆除，往下拽，记录；take after(外貌或行为)像；take breaks休息；take care of照顾；take risks冒险；take up占据(时间、空间)，开始从事，拿起；take action采取行动；take place发生；take part in参加；take pride in为……感到自豪
(6)go短语：
go over温习，复习；go swimming/skating/shopping/dancing/fishing/hunting/camping去游泳/溜冰/购物/跳舞/钓鱼/打猎/野营；go into走进；go out出去，熄灭；go away走开；go back回去，回顾；go up上升，攀登；go by时间流逝，从旁经过；go down下降，下沉；go for为……而去；go on继续；go through经历；go to school/work去上学/上班；go home回家；go to the doctor去看医生
(7)come短语：
come along一道来；come in进来；come into进入；come out出来，出版；come from来自；come back回来；come across偶然遇到；come over过来；come home回家；come on快点，跟着来，加油；come up with想出(主意、计划等)
(8)give短语：
give up放弃；give off放出，发出(气体、气味、光、热等)；give out分发，散发；give away赠送，捐赠；give in屈服，让步，投降；give...a lift捎……一程
(9)make短语：
make a decision做出决定；make sb.do sth.让某人做某事；make a mistake犯错误；make progress取得进步；make friends with与……交朋友；make up编造，组成；make a face做鬼脸；make an effort做出努力；make sure确保；make a difference影响，有作用；make one's way前往，费力地前进
(10)be短语：
be friendly/kind to对……友好；be different from与……不同；be afraid of害怕；be popular with受……欢迎；be interested in对……感兴趣；be strict with对某人严格；be strict in对某事严格；be famous/known as作为……出名；be famous/known for因……著名；be surprised at对……惊讶；be pleased with对……满意；be proud of对……感到自豪；be polite/impolite to对某人有礼貌/不礼貌；be thankful/grateful to对某人感激；be good for对……有好处；be good at擅长于……；be made up of由……构成；be angry with对某人生气；be busy with忙于；be full of/filled with装满……；be late for迟到；be covered with覆盖着；be used to习惯于……；be in control of掌管，管理；be able to能够做某事；be ready to愿意(迅速)做某事；be similar to与……相像；be sure about确信，对……有把握；be up to是……的职责，由……决定；be thirsty for渴望；be hard on sb.对某人苛刻
(11)call短语：
call at拜访(后接地点)；call on拜访(后接被拜访的对象)，号召；call back回电话；call up打电话，使回忆起；call for要求，提倡，邀请；call in召来，叫来。
五、易混动词和动词短语
1．borrow，lend，keep
(1)borrow：借，为短暂性动词，表示主语借入，常用短语borrow sth.from sb.。如：
I borrowed a book from the school library.
我从学校图书馆借了一本书。
(2)lend：借，为短暂性动词，表示主语借出，常用短语lend sth.to sb.。如：
Could you lend your bike to me
你能把自行车借给我吗？
(3)keep：保存，借，为延续性动词，表示长时间地借。如：
How__long__can I keep this book
这本书我能借多久？
I can keep the book for five days.
我能借这本书五天。
2．arrive，get，reach表示“到达”时的区别：
arrive in＋大地方，arrive at＋具体的小地方；get to＋地点名词；reach是及物动词，后面可直接跟地点名词。
3．used to do sth.，be used to do sth.，be used to doing sth.
(1)be used to doing sth.表示习惯做某事，to后的动词用ing形式；used to do sth.表示过去常常做某事。如：
I'm used to getting up early.
我习惯了早起。
I used to get up at five in the morning.
我过去经常在早上五点起床。
(2)be used to do sth.指被用来做某事。如：
Pens are used to write.
钢笔被用来写字。
4．dress，put on，wear
(1)dress sb.给某人穿衣服；dress sb.up打扮某人。如：
The boy dressed himself quickly.
那个男孩快速地给自己穿上衣服。
Mother dresses her baby everyday.
母亲每天给她的孩子穿衣服。
(2)put on 穿上，戴上，表示动作。如：
Tom put on his coat and went out.
汤姆穿上外套然后出去了。
(3)wear穿着，戴着，表示状态。如：
Lily is wearing a red skirt today.
莉莉今天穿着一条红裙子。
5．spend，cost，pay
(1)spend：花费时间或金钱，后接on sth.或(in)doing。
(2)cost：物作主语，意为“值多少钱；花费”。
(3)take：可用固定句型表示花费金钱、时间，其结构为：形式主语 It＋takes/took sb.＋时间＋to do sth.。
(4)pay：人作主语，与介词for连用。
6．bring，take，carry
(1)bring带来，拿来，表示拿到靠近说话人的地方。
(2)take拿去，带走表示拿到远离说话人的地方。
(3)carry扛，搬，用力移动，没有方向。
7．lose，forget，leave
(1)lose：意为“丢失；失去”。
(2)forget：意为“忘记”。forget to do sth.忘记去做某事，forget doing sth.忘记做过某事。
(3)leave sth.＋地点，意为“把某物落在某处”。
8．turn，get，grow，become
(1)turn：一般用于颜色的变化，如turn red，turn yellow。
(2)天变黑，要用get或 grow；天气变暖或变冷，用become或get；天变长或变短，一般用get。
9．think of，think about，think over，talk about
(1)think of意为“想到……”。
(2)think about意为“考虑”，宾语it或 them置后。
(3)think over 意为“仔细考虑”，宾语it或them放在中间，一般指考虑问题。
(4)talk about意为“谈论”。
10．lose，fail，beat，win
(1)lose意为“输给某人”，固定搭配为lose to sb.。
(2)fail是失败或未做成某事。
(3)beat意为“打败”，后接sb.或某支队伍。
(4)win意为“赢得”，如赢得荣誉、地位、比赛等。
语法过关小练习
一、选择方框中的情态动词填空
1．—How many English words do you think I should know
—As many as you _________．Then you will find reading quite easy.
2．That T shirt ________ be expensive because it looks so nice.
3．The lady in this photo ________ be over fifty！She looks so young!
4．We ________ be more careful，or we will make the same mistake in the experiment.
5．—Can I swim here
—I'm sorry.Children ________ swim alone here.
二、选用方框中的动词词组并用适当形式填空
write down pick up hand in get off
take place hear about put off stay up
1．Don't forget to take your bag with you when you ________ the bus.
2．Great changes have ________ in our city in the past five years.
3．—Please _________ the paper，Jimmy!
—But I haven't checked it yet，Mr.Black.
4．We have never visited the museum，but we have _________ it.
5．We have to __________ our sports meeting till next week because of the heavy rain.
6．Let me __________ your phone number and I'll call you back when I'm free.
7．The workers in the Huashan Mountains have to _________ rubbish to keep the mountains clean.
8．Don't ________ late.You have a competition tomorrow morning.
三、用所给词的适当形式填空
1．We've worked for a long time.Let's stop ________(drink)some water.
2．I don't mind ________(see)the movies with my parents.
3．Please look at the girls _______(dance)over there！How well they dance!
4．Thanks for _______(help)me with my housework after dinner.
5．Every morning，he practices ______(sing)the English songs again and again.
6．Mr.Smith's plane _______(arrive)．Let's wait for him here.
7．He prefers __________(take)part in the public activities rather than stay at home alone.
8．The bag is light.Wang Ping can ________(carry)it by herself.
9．The girl enjoys _______(listen)to the radio very much.
10．He had to make a living by ________(sell)newspapers all around the city.
11．The boys decided ________(help)the poor man.
12．He left the room without ________(say)goodbye.
13．If you work hard.I'm sure you _________(achieve)your dream one day.
14．The teacher said the sun _______(rise)in the east and ______(set)in the west.
15．We ________(take)the plane back to our home town tomorrow afternoon.
四、短文填空
I love 1._________(go)shopping.My husband 2.________(think)I am crazy because I go shopping every day.I 3._______(be)like this since I was 10 years old.When my mother 4._______(take)me to buy new clothes，I loved 5.__________(stay)in the shops for hours and hours.We were quite a poor family so I used to 6._________(look)at everything without 7.________(buy)and that is what I still do now.I look，I touch，I feel，but I rarely 8.__________(buy)a single thing.After I 9._________(be)shopping with my mother，I always 10.________(feel)very happy.
My favorite shops 11.__________(visit)now are supermarkets.I would like 12.__________(own)a supermarket I think！If I had my own supermarket, I'd spend all day there and be the happiest person alive.So why 13._____________(I like)supermarkets so much？Well，I love food and I especially love 14._________(try)different foreign foods.When I have a supermarket，I can 15.__________(see)together all different types of food.It's like 16.__________(be)in a street market but with the advantage of 17.___________(be able to)listen to the wonderful music they 18._________(play)．
That is the other thing I love about 19._______(be)in shops—the music.In my house，I can't stop 20.________(listen)to a CD my daughter 21._______(buy)for me for Christmas called “Best of Supermarket Super 40”．Since I was young，I 22.___________(never like)rock music or classical music，only shopping music.I enjoy 23._________(relax)by 24.___________(listen)to that music when I 25.___________(work)in the house.I am such a happy woman.26._________(go)shopping is my life.
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