专题01 名词的数与词形转化培优冲刺专练
时间：30分钟
一、单句语法填空
1.（2024·江西赣州·一模）The VBA has sparked a trend of organizing village basketball events across the country, reflecting the (enthusiastic) of the Chinese people for grassroots sports.
2.（2024·广西·一模）Her (propose) might be one of the most effective ways to help resolve the problem.
（2024·山东青岛·一模）“Brands should capitalize on traditional Chinese culture to launch more innovative (product),” a research fellow said, stressing (stress)that Spring Festival is the traditional festival Chinese people attach the most importance to, and it’s also a peak season for consumption.
（2024·广东·一模）Her (commit) to cultural preservation and rural development was recognized in 2019, when the China women’s Handicraft Innovation and Entrepreneurship Competition was held (hold) and Zhang’s innovative design collection won top honors.
5.（2024·四川成都·二模） It also reflects the values of 180 (diverse) and inclusion promoted by the United Nations, he said.
6.（2024·湖南衡阳·一模）East China’s Zhejiang province is acknowledged as a major 5 (produce) of tea.
7.（2024·山东聊城·一模）Yading is one of China’s best kept 19 (secret). Whether you’re a nature lover, a hiking enthusiast, or just longing to escape (escape) the hustle and bustle (喧嚣) of city life, Yading is undoubtedly worthy of a place on your travel bucket list.
8.（2024·湖南张家界·二模） "The service not only further （far） facilitates the flow of people and trade between: China and Laos, but promotes the recovery of tourism and other 24 （industry）, and brings vitality to the development between these two countries." said Wang Wenbin, spokesman for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, at a news conference on Thursday.
9.（2024·湖南长沙·一模）The UN General Assembly, in a resolution, acknowledges the 31 (significant) of the Lunar New Year and invites the UN bodies at headquarters and other duty stations to avoid holding (hold) meetings on the Lunar New Year.
10.（2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·一模）After the (establish) of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, the country continued to place special emphasis on preserving (preserve) and passing down the weaving technique, founding the Nanjing Yunjin Research Institute in 1957.
语篇填空
Passage1
（2024·河南·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China has set up its 1 (one) deep space exploration laboratory with the purpose of carrying out deep space exploration as well as cutting-edge technology research in the field of spaceflight. The laboratory, 2 (locate) in Anhui province, is a new type of science and technology research and development institution that realizes the integration of science, technology and engineering.
The laboratory is 3 (support) deep space exploration and carry out frontier, 4 (base) and strategic research in the field. It will also undertake research and demonstration. The laboratory is an open platform 5 international talents can come to work.
After the 6 (complete) of the Tianwen Ⅰ mission, China will also plan a number of Tianwen series of planetary exploration missions to explore the vastness of space. 7 will be the Tianwen Ⅱ, Tianwen Ⅲ, Tianwen Ⅳ, etc. The main task of the follow-up is to explore the asteroids (小行星) in deep space. The asteroid samples 8 (collect) back. After that, China will be prepared to explore Jupiter and other planets in the solar system, 9 (hope) to complete the exploration of 100 astronomical units in 2049, to reach 15 billion kilometers from Earth, or even 10 the edge of the solar system.
Passage2
（2024·山东菏泽·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The dragon, or loong in Chinese, is the only imaginary creature among the 12 Chinese zodiac signs (生肖). It has been present in legends for thousands of years, and 1 (recognize) as a national totem (图腾) and has a long-held spiritual importance in Chinese culture.
According to the legends, the dragon is capable of changing 2 (it) size and visibility at will. It can be found flying through the clouds on the spring equinox (chunfen), or 3 (hide) in water on the autumn equinox (qiufen). Its 4 (mystery) powers—particularly its control over rain— 5 (be) central to agricultural society. The lucky creature was historically associated with the East, 6 used as a symbol to represent imperial power, explaining the significance of the dragon in Chinese culture.
Dragons can be found throughout ancient Chinese art. The jade Jue dragon from the Liaoning Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology 7 (date) back around 7,000 years to the Neolithic period between 5,500 BC to 5,000 BC． It is 8 object from the late Hongshan culture period. It has a large head, with pointed ears and protruding (突出的) jaws. Jue objects are widely believed to be the earliest 9 (image) of the dragon, and archaeologists have supposed that the image could 10 (original) have been based on a pig, bear or even a silkworm.
Passage3
（2024·山东济宁·一模）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Recently, a Chinese college research team has released China’s first large language model (LLM) “Xunzi”, 1 uses deep learning techniques and massively big data sets to help conduct research on ancient Chinese books. With the model, more information hidden in our cultural legacy can 2 (mine) for.
This model, named 3 Xun Zi, one of the most celebrated philosophers in ancient China for his Confucian classic Xunzi, 4 (comprise) the majority of Chinese ancient books and documents. 5 (design) to intelligently process ancient texts, the system aims to promote innovative development in the research and preservation of Chinese ancient books, enhance the efficiency and quality of the legacy of traditional Chinese culture, 6 boost integration between LLM and ancient book processing.
The research on Chinese traditional classics is 7 painstaking and laborious challenge. Since 2013, the team have worked tirelessly to digitize Chinese classics like the Siku Quanshu, 8 (lay) a solid foundation for the large language mitted to the philosophy of making their data and model 9 (access) worldwide, the team have a broader perspective targeting global users. To this end, they have 10 (handsome) shared the LLM on the Internet, enabling more individuals to appreciate traditional Chinese culture.专题01 名词的数与词形转化培优冲刺专练
时间：30分钟
一、单句语法填空
1.（2024·江西赣州·一模）The VBA has sparked a trend of organizing village basketball events across the country, reflecting the (enthusiastic) of the Chinese people for grassroots sports.
【答案】enthusiasm
【解析】考查名词。句意：VBA在全国掀起了一股组织乡村篮球赛事的潮流，反映了中国人对基层体育的热情。空格处用名词作宾语，enthusiastic的名词是enthusiasm，是不可数名词，意为“热情”。故填enthusiasm。
2.（2024·广西·一模）Her (propose) might be one of the most effective ways to help resolve the problem.
【答案】proposal
【解析】考查名词。句意：她的建议可能是帮助解决这个问题的最有效的方法之一。propose是个动词，意思是“提出建议”，横线前有her，说明横线处应该填名词，propose的名词是proposal，故答案是proposal。
（2024·山东青岛·一模）“Brands should capitalize on traditional Chinese culture to launch more innovative (product),” a research fellow said, stressing (stress)that Spring Festival is the traditional festival Chinese people attach the most importance to, and it’s also a peak season for consumption.
【答案】products
【解析】考查名词。句意：一位研究员表示:“品牌应该利用中国传统文化来推出更多创新产品。”他强调春节是中国人最重视的传统节日，也是消费旺季。空处需填名词作宾语，product为可数名词，结合“more”可知，此处使用名词复数形式。故填products。
（2024·广东·一模）Her (commit) to cultural preservation and rural development was recognized in 2019, when the China women’s Handicraft Innovation and Entrepreneurship Competition was held (hold) and Zhang’s innovative design collection won top honors.
【答案】commitment
【解析】考查名词。句意：2019年，中国妇女手工艺创新创业大赛举办，她对文化保护和农村发展的贡献得到了认可，她的创新设计系列获得了最高荣誉。结合空前的Her可知，此处用名词作主语，commitment“奉献，投入”，不可数名词，故填commitment。
5.（2024·四川成都·二模） It also reflects the values of 180 (diverse) and inclusion promoted by the United Nations, he said.
【答案】diversity
【解析】考查名词。句意：他说，这也反映了联合国倡导的多样性和包容性的价值观。作介词of的宾语应用名词diversity。故填diversity。
6.（2024·湖南衡阳·一模）East China’s Zhejiang province is acknowledged as a major 5 (produce) of tea.
【答案】producer
【解析】考查名词。句意：中国东部的浙江省被认为是茶叶的主要生产商。空处用名词producer“生产商”，结合空前的a可知，用单数形式，作宾语。故填producer。
7.（2024·山东聊城·一模）Yading is one of China’s best kept 19 (secret). Whether you’re a nature lover, a hiking enthusiast, or just longing to escape (escape) the hustle and bustle (喧嚣) of city life, Yading is undoubtedly worthy of a place on your travel bucket list.
【答案】secrets
【解析】考查名词的数。句意：亚丁是中国保守得最好的秘密之一。此处为one of+最高级+可数名词复数。故填secrets。
8.（2024·湖南张家界·二模） "The service not only further （far） facilitates the flow of people and trade between: China and Laos, but promotes the recovery of tourism and other 24 （industry）, and brings vitality to the development between these two countries." said Wang Wenbin, spokesman for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, at a news conference on Thursday.
【答案】industries
【解析】考查名词的数。句意：外交部发言人汪文斌在周四的新闻发布会上说：“这项服务不仅进一步促进了中老两国之间的人员流动和贸易往来，还促进了旅游业和其他行业的复苏，为两国的发展带来了活力。这是中国和东南亚国家联盟国家致力于BRI和促进区域经济一体化的典范项目。”根据空前的“other”以及句意可知，空处为可数名词的复数形式。故填industries。
9.（2024·湖南长沙·一模）The UN General Assembly, in a resolution, acknowledges the 31 (significant) of the Lunar New Year and invites the UN bodies at headquarters and other duty stations to avoid holding (hold) meetings on the Lunar New Year.
【答案】significance
【解析】考查名词。句意：联合国大会在一项决议中承认农历新年的重要性，并邀请总部和其他工作地点的联合国机构避免在农历新年举行会议。空处需要名词作acknowledges的宾语，significant的名词形式是significance，表示“重要性”。故填significance。
10.（2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·一模）After the (establish) of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, the country continued to place special emphasis on preserving (preserve) and passing down the weaving technique, founding the Nanjing Yunjin Research Institute in 1957.
【答案】establishment
【解析】考查名词。句意：1949年中华人民共和国成立后，国家继续特别重视织造技术的保存和传承，1957年成立了南京云锦研究所。空处作宾语，应填名词；establish是个动词，意思是“建立”，名词是在后面添加词缀-ment，抽象概念，不可数。故答案是establishment。
语篇填空
Passage1
（2024·河南·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China has set up its 1 (one) deep space exploration laboratory with the purpose of carrying out deep space exploration as well as cutting-edge technology research in the field of spaceflight. The laboratory, 2 (locate) in Anhui province, is a new type of science and technology research and development institution that realizes the integration of science, technology and engineering.
The laboratory is 3 (support) deep space exploration and carry out frontier, 4 (base) and strategic research in the field. It will also undertake research and demonstration. The laboratory is an open platform 5 international talents can come to work.
After the 6 (complete) of the Tianwen Ⅰ mission, China will also plan a number of Tianwen series of planetary exploration missions to explore the vastness of space. 7 will be the Tianwen Ⅱ, Tianwen Ⅲ, Tianwen Ⅳ, etc. The main task of the follow-up is to explore the asteroids (小行星) in deep space. The asteroid samples 8 (collect) back. After that, China will be prepared to explore Jupiter and other planets in the solar system, 9 (hope) to complete the exploration of 100 astronomical units in 2049, to reach 15 billion kilometers from Earth, or even 10 the edge of the solar system.
【答案】1．first 2．located 3．to support 4．basic 5．where 6．completion 7．There 8．will be collected 9．hoping 10．to
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国设立首个深空探测实验室的情况，该实验室旨在开展深空探测和航天领域的尖端技术研究。
1．考查序数词。句意：中国成立了第一个深空探测实验室，旨在开展深空探测和航天领域的前沿技术研究。提示词作定语，表示“第一个”，用序数词first。故填first。
2．考查非谓语动词。句意：实验室位于安徽省境内，是实现科学、技术、工程一体化的新型科技研发机构。“(locate) in Anhui province,”作后置定语，locate(把……建在)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语laboratory之间是被动关系，用过去分词。故填located。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：深空实验室支持深空探测，开展深空前沿、基础和战略研究。分析句子可知，“(support) deep space exploration”作表语，support是非谓语动词，用不定式表示深空实验室未来的用途。故填to support。
4．考查形容词。句意：深空实验室支持深空探测，开展深空前沿、基础和战略研究。提示词作定语修饰名词research，用形容词basic，意为“基础的，基本的”，与形容词strategic构成并列关系。故填basic。
5．考查定语从句。句意：实验室是一个开放的平台，国际人才可以来这里工作。分析句子可知，空格处单词引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词platform，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，表示“在这个平台上”，应使用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。
6．考查名词。句意：在完成天问一号任务后，中国还将规划多个“天问”系列行星探测任务，探索浩瀚的太空。提示词作宾语，用名词completion，意为“完成”，不可数名词。故填completion。
7．考查there be句型。句意：会有天问二号、天问三号、天问四号等。表示“有；存在”，用there be句型，句首单词首字母大写。故填There。
8．考查动词时态和语态。句意：小行星的样本将被收集回来。分析句子可知，collect(收集)是句中谓语动词，与主语samples(样本)之间是被动关系，根据语境可知，描述未来的太空探测任务，应使用一般将来时态。综上，谓语应用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be collected。
9．考查非谓语动词。句意：之后，中国将准备探索木星等太阳系行星，希望在2049年完成100个天文单位的探测，到达距离地球150亿公里，甚至到达太阳系边缘。“(hope) to complete the exploration of 100 astronomical units in 2049, to reach 15 billion kilometers from Earth, or even 10 the edge of the solar system.”作伴随状语，hope(希望)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语China之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动，作伴随状语。故填hoping。
10．考查介词。句意：之后，中国将准备探索木星等太阳系行星，希望在2049年完成100个天文单位的探测，到达距离地球150亿公里，甚至到达太阳系边缘。结合上文“to reach 15 billion kilometers from Earth”可推知，这里表示“甚至到达太阳系边缘”，用to the edge of...。故填to。
Passage2
（2024·山东菏泽·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The dragon, or loong in Chinese, is the only imaginary creature among the 12 Chinese zodiac signs (生肖). It has been present in legends for thousands of years, and 1 (recognize) as a national totem (图腾) and has a long-held spiritual importance in Chinese culture.
According to the legends, the dragon is capable of changing 2 (it) size and visibility at will. It can be found flying through the clouds on the spring equinox (chunfen), or 3 (hide) in water on the autumn equinox (qiufen). Its 4 (mystery) powers—particularly its control over rain— 5 (be) central to agricultural society. The lucky creature was historically associated with the East, 6 used as a symbol to represent imperial power, explaining the significance of the dragon in Chinese culture.
Dragons can be found throughout ancient Chinese art. The jade Jue dragon from the Liaoning Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology 7 (date) back around 7,000 years to the Neolithic period between 5,500 BC to 5,000 BC． It is 8 object from the late Hongshan culture period. It has a large head, with pointed ears and protruding (突出的) jaws. Jue objects are widely believed to be the earliest 9 (image) of the dragon, and archaeologists have supposed that the image could 10 (original) have been based on a pig, bear or even a silkworm.
【答案】1．is recognized 2．its 3．hiding 4．mysterious 5．were 6．and 7．dates 8．an 9．images 10．originally
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了关于十二生肖中唯一一个虚构的生肖动物龙的一些背景知识。
1．考查谓语动词时态语态。句意：几千年来，它一直存在于传说中，被认为是一个民族图腾，在中国文化中具有长期的精神重要性。该空所给动词recognize意为“认为，认可”在句中作谓语，与主语It(dragon)为被动关系，应使用被动语态；陈述现在的事实，应使用一般现在时，主语为指代单数名词的代词，助动词be应使用单数形式。故填is recognized。
2．考查代词。句意：根据传说，龙可以随意改变自己的大小和可见度。该空需要形容词性物主代词作定语修饰名词size 和visibility。故填its。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：在春分的时候，人们可以看到它飞过云层，或者在秋分的时候躲在水里。该空所给动词hide在句中与flying并列作主语补足语，与主语It为主动关系。be found doing意为“被发现做某事”。故填hiding。
4．考查形容词。句意：它的神秘力量——尤其是对雨水的控制——对农业社会至关重要。该空需要一个形容词作定语修饰名词powers，所给提示词mystery为名词，其形容词拼写为mysterious。故填mysterious。
5．考查时态与主谓一致。句意：它的神秘力量——尤其是对雨水的控制——对农业社会至关重要。空处为句子谓语动词，根据后面的agricultural society及下一句的时态可知，本句是在介绍古代以农业为主的社会时期的情况，应使用一般过去时，主语powers为名词复数。故填were。
6．考查连词。句意：这种幸运的生物在历史上与东方联系在一起，并被用作象征皇权的象征，解释了龙在中国文化中的重要性。该空后面的used as和前面的was historically associated with 并列作谓语，省略和前面一样的助动词was该空需要一个并列连词。 故填and。
7．考查时态。句意：辽宁省文物考古研究所的玉珏龙可以追溯到大约7000年前的新石器时代，即公元前5500年至公元前5000年。所给动词date 在句中作谓语，动词短语date back无被动语态，本句陈述客观事实使用一般现在时态，主语dragon为单数名词，谓语动词使用单三形式。 故填dates。
8．考查冠词。句意：它是一个红山文化晚期的器物。空后名词object为可数名词单数，此处泛指，应填不定冠词，该名词开头是元音音素，故填an。
9．考查名词单复数。句意：人们普遍认为，这些珏类器物是最早的龙的形象，考古学家认为，这一形象最初可能是基于猪、熊甚至是蚕的形象。该空所给名词image为可数名词，在句中作表语，其主语为复数名词objects，所以该空应填名词复数形式。故填images。
10．考查副词。句意：人们普遍认为，这些珏类器物是最早的龙的形象，考古学家认为，这一形象最初可能是基于猪、熊甚至是蚕的形象。该空需要一个副词作状语，提示词original的副词形式为originally。故填originally。
Passage3
（2024·山东济宁·一模）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Recently, a Chinese college research team has released China’s first large language model (LLM) “Xunzi”, 1 uses deep learning techniques and massively big data sets to help conduct research on ancient Chinese books. With the model, more information hidden in our cultural legacy can 2 (mine) for.
This model, named 3 Xun Zi, one of the most celebrated philosophers in ancient China for his Confucian classic Xunzi, 4 (comprise) the majority of Chinese ancient books and documents. 5 (design) to intelligently process ancient texts, the system aims to promote innovative development in the research and preservation of Chinese ancient books, enhance the efficiency and quality of the legacy of traditional Chinese culture, 6 boost integration between LLM and ancient book processing.
The research on Chinese traditional classics is 7 painstaking and laborious challenge. Since 2013, the team have worked tirelessly to digitize Chinese classics like the Siku Quanshu, 8 (lay) a solid foundation for the large language mitted to the philosophy of making their data and model 9 (access) worldwide, the team have a broader perspective targeting global users. To this end, they have 10 (handsome) shared the LLM on the Internet, enabling more individuals to appreciate traditional Chinese culture.
【答案】1．which 2．be mined 3．after/for 4．comprises 5．Designed 6．and 7．a 8．laying 9．accessible 10．handsomely
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国推出的一种新型语言AI模型，可以将中国古代典籍著作数字化，以此达到向世界传播中国文化的良好意图。
1．考查定语从句，句意：最近，一个中国高校研究团队发布了中国第一个大型语言模型（LLM）“荀子”，它利用深度学习技术和大规模大数据集，帮助对中国古籍进行研究。本句是非限定性定语从句，先行词是LLM “Xunzi”，在从句中充当主语，故答案是which。
2．考查被动语态，句意：利用该模型，可以挖掘出更多隐藏在文化遗产中的信息。mine可以做动词，意思是“挖矿；挖掘”，这里取挖掘的意思。主语是“中国文化传统”，根据句意可知应该使用被动语态，横线前有情态动词can，故答案是be mined。
3．考查动词词组，句意：这种模型包括了大部分的中国古代书籍和文献，它以荀子命名，中国古代最著名的哲学家之一，他的儒家经典代表作是《荀子》。这个模型的名字叫荀子，也就是说它是以荀子的名字命名的，以……的名字命名的英文是“be named after/for”，故答案是after/for。
4．考查主谓一致，句意：这种模型包括了大部分的中国古代书籍和文献，它以荀子命名，中国古代最著名的哲学家之一，他的儒家经典代表作是《荀子》。comprise是个动词，意思是“包括”，它的主语是“this model”，是个单数；文章通篇使用一般现在时，所以comprise的时态也应该是一般现在时，故答案是comprises。
5．考查非谓语动词，句意：该系统旨在促进中国古籍研究和保护的创新发展，提高中国传统文化遗产的效率和质量，促进LLM与古籍处理的融合。分析句子可知，本句已经存在谓语aims to，所以design只能做非谓语，它的逻辑主语是the system（系统），二者呈被动关系，应该使用过去分词形式，同时还要注意句首首字母大写，故答案是Designed。
6．考查连词，句意：该系统旨在促进中国古籍研究和保护的创新发展，提高中国传统文化遗产的效率和质量，促进LLM与古籍处理的融合。分析句子可知，这个句子的谓语动词有三个，分别是promote（提升），enhance（增强），boost（促进），这三个动词是并列关系，按照简单句语法结构要求，需要在最后两个动词之间添加连词，根据句意可知，and表示并列关系，符合题意，故答案是and。
7．考查冠词，句意：中国传统经典的研究是一项艰苦而艰巨的挑战。横线后的词组是“painstaking and laborious challenge”，可知中心词是challenge，此处是可数名词，意思是“挑战”，可数名词单数前需要添加冠词，分析句意可知，本题并不表示特指，应该使用不定冠词，故答案是a。
8．考查非谓语动词，句意：从2013年开始，团队孜孜不倦地将《四库全书》等国学经典数字化，为这个大型语言模型奠定了坚定的基础。分析句子可知，本句已经存在谓语have worked，所以lay（放置）只能做非谓语，它的逻辑主语是前面一整句话，是“团队将国学经典数字化”这个动作为语言模型打下基础，二者呈主动关系，应该使用现在分词形式，故答案是laying。
9．考查形容词，句意：致力于使他们的数据和模型可在全球范围内访问的理念，该团队有一个更广泛的视角，针对全球用户。分析句子发现横线处符合make的使役动词结构“make sth. adj./n./do”，access是个名词，意思是“使用机会”，也可以做动词，意思是“接近，使用”，根据句意，将其变成形容词accessible（可使用的）符合题意，故答案是accessible。
10．考查副词，句意：为此，他们慷慨地在互联网上分享了大语言模型，让更多的个人欣赏中国传统文化。handsome是个形容词，意思是“帅气的；漂亮的”，分析句子可知，横线处修饰的是谓语动词shared，所以应该填入副词充当状语，handsome的副词是handsomely，故答案是handsomely。
