专题01 名词的数与词形转化
目 录
01 挑战真题·查知识漏洞
02 回顾教材·补知识漏洞
回顾知识体系
回顾核心考点
易混易错归纳
03 知识通关演练
1.【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Since June 2017, right before the ___56___ (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and__confident___ (confidence) speaking English. ...They also need to be ready to give ___61___ (interview) in English with international journalists.
【56题详解】考查名词。句意：从2017年6月开始，就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前，我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知，空前是冠词，空后是介词，所以空处应填名词作介词before的宾语，arrive的名词形式是arrival，不可数名词。故填arrival。
【61题详解】考查名词的数。句意：他们还需要准备好用英语接受国际记者的采访。分析句子结构可知，空前是动词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，interview意为“采访”为可数名词，不止一段采访，应用复数形式。故填interviews。
2.【2023年全国甲卷】However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty ___69___ (warn) about environmental destruction.
【69题详解】
考查名词。句意：然而，卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句中不定冠词a可知，用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。
3.【2023年全国乙卷】But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ____which/that____ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural ____64____ (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
【44题详解】考查名词。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式；根据下文的“historical buildings of the past”可知，空处为名词的复数形式。故填wonders。
4.【2023年浙江卷1月】Thanks to Beijing’s long history as capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic (event).
【答案】events
【详解】考查名词的数。句意：感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史，同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事，甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关。根据空格前的形容词historic可知，空格处需要填名词，且event为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填events。
回顾知识体系
回顾核心考点
考点1 名词的数
一、可数名词的复数
(1)规则变化
1、一般情况：加-s ，例词：students，teachers，doctors，tables
2、以s，x，ch，sh结尾：加-es，例词：glasses，dishes，boxes，watches，但stomach的是复数形式直接加s，即stomachs，这与读音有关，也就是，当词尾ch读作[t ]的时候，该词的复数形式为-es结尾，当词尾ch读作[k]的时候，该词的复数形式则为-s结尾。
3、以辅音字母＋y结尾：变y为i再加-es，例词：families，babies，armies，bodies
4、以元音字母＋y结尾：加-s，例词：boys，toys，pianos，photos
5、以f或fe结尾：
大都变f或fe为v，再加-es，例词：leaves, selves, thieves，loaves, wives，knives，shelves，lives.
少数加-s，例词：beliefs，proofs，roofs，chiefs
6、以o结尾：通常加-s，例词：radios，videos，zoos，tobaccos
有的加-es，例词：heroes，potatoes，tomatoes
注意：
①以-o结尾的下列名词要加-es，它们是＂英雄在回声中吃土豆、西红柿＂，即heroes，echoes，potatoes，tomatoes。
但下列以-o结尾的名词既可以加-es，也可以加-s，它们是：zeros(zeroes)零，mosquitos (mosquitoes)蚊子，volcanos(volcanoes)火山。
②以-f或-fe结尾的下列名词需要把f或fe去掉，加-ves，它们是＂为了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和树叶站在架子上，把狼劈成两半＂，即selves，lives，thieves，wives，knives，leaves，shelves，wolves，halves。
但下列以-f结尾的名词既可以去掉f加-ves，也可以直接加-s，如：handkerchiefs (handkerchieves) 手帕。
③名词前有man或woman修饰，变复数时，作定语的man 或woman和后面的名词都要变成复数。如：woman doctor→women doctors
(2)不规则变化
①常见单复数同形的名词
Chinese 中国人；sheep 绵羊；deer鹿；series 系列；means 方式；works 工厂；fish 鱼；fruit 水果等。其中fish，fruit表示种类时，可加复数词尾，即fishes，fruits。
②自身有特殊变化的名词
child孩子→children
man男人→men
tooth牙→teeth
foot脚，英尺→feet
mouse老鼠→mice
phenomenon现象→phenomena
medium传播媒介→media
二、不可数名词具体化
(1)通常只用作不可数名词的名词：
advice建议， furniture家具， fun乐趣；information信息，news新闻， weather天气， progress进步，wealth财富，value价值等。
(2)不可数名词具体化
①具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考的有：
success：抽象名词意义：成功，具体化名词意义：成功的人或事
pleasure：抽象名词意义：乐趣，具体化名词意义：令人高兴的事
beauty：抽象名词意义：美；美丽，具体化名词意义：美丽的人或事物
comfort：抽象名词意义：安慰；慰藉，具体化名词意义：令人感到安慰的人或事物
danger：抽象名词意义：危险，具体化名词意义：危险的人或因素
delight：抽象名词意义：高兴，具体化名词意义：令人高兴的事
failure：抽象名词意义：失败，具体化名词意义：失败的人或事物
surprise：抽象名词意义：惊奇，具体化名词意义：令人惊奇的事情
shock：抽象名词意义：震惊，具体化名词意义：令人震惊的事情
pride：抽象名词意义：骄傲，具体化名词意义：令人骄傲的事情
例如：Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success.
你的贡献一定会使这个事件很成功。
②物质名词具体化
drink饮料→two drinks 两杯饮料
coffee咖啡→a coffee一杯咖啡
chalk 粉笔→a chalk 一支粉笔
hair 头发→a hair 一根头发
③抽象名词与a(an)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。例如：
Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times.
在那些艰难的时期，能够买得起一杯酒会是一件欣慰的事。
考点2 名词所有格
(1)-’s所有格
①用and连接的并列名词的所有格要分两种情况，即表示各自的所有关系时，要分别在并列名词后加-’s 或’；表示共同的所有关系时，只在最后一个名词后加-’s或’。
Tom’s and Jim’s rooms.汤姆和吉姆(各自)的房间。
Tom and Jim’s room.汤姆和吉姆(共同)的房间。
②表示店铺、办公室或某人的家时，名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。
at the barber’s在理发店
at the teacher’s在老师办公室
(2)of所有格
表示无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关系；名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用of所有格。
the content of the novel小说的内容
the name of the girl over there那边那位女孩的名字
(3)双重所有格
指＂名词＋of＋名词所有格＂或＂名词＋of＋名词性物主代词＂。
a play of Shakespeare’s(莎士比亚的一个戏剧)
a friend of mine(我的一个朋友)
考点3 名词常考构词法
●-er / or“表人或用具” farmer, baker, visitor, professor, cooker, container
●-ese “某国（人）的” Chinese, Japanese
●-ian“某国、某地人；精通……的人” musician, Asian, Russian, technician
●-ist “某种主义或职业者” physicist, scientist, communist，socialist
●-ess “表女性，雌性” hostess, actress, princess
●-ment“行为或其状态” government, movement, achievement
●-ness“性质，状态” illness, sadness, carelessness
●-tion“动作，过程，结果” invention, organization, translation
●-ance/ ence“抽象；行为、性质、状态” importance, appearance, absence, existence
●-th“性质、情况” depth, warmth, truth
●-ful“（满的）量” handful, spoonful, mouthful
●-(a)bility“抽象、性质、状态” possibility, disability, reliability
●-al“过程、状态” survival, arrival, approval
●-y“性质、情况” modesty, delivery, honesty
●-dom“处于……状态；性质”freedom, boredom，wisdom
●-age“状态，行为，身份及其结果”courage, storage, marriage
考点4 名词的语法功能
1.作主语
The young woman played an important part in the matter.
那年轻女人在这件事上举足轻重。
2.作宾语
（1）作及物动词的直接宾语
Have you finished the letter to Jane 你写完给珍的信了吗？
（2）作及物动词的间接宾语。
I told my students a funny story. 我给学生们讲一个有趣的故事。
（3）作介词的宾语。
Do you still ask your parents for money 你还向爸妈要钱吗？
3.作表语
It’s a good idea to plant trees here . 在这里栽些树是个好主意。
4.作宾语的补足语
They elected Tom head of the workshop. 他们推选汤姆当车间的头。（职务名词作宾补前面不加冠词）
5.作定语
（1）直接作定语, 通常用单数形式。
college students大学生 girl friend女友 vegetable garden菜园 basketball match篮球赛
Let’s stop by the book store on the way home.回家的路上，我们在书店停一下吧！
（2）名词所有格作定语。
students’ books学生用书 China’s capital中国的首都the world’s population世界人口
（3）man，woman，gentleman作定语
man，woman，gentleman作定语时可以用单数和复数两种形式，但必须随所修饰名词的数而定。
He said that two women doctors would come to our village the next day. 他说明天有两个女医生到我们村子来。
（4）某些常用复数的名词用作定语
某些常用复数的名词，当它们用作定语时，也须用复数形式。
arms production 武器生产
clothes shop服装商店
sales department营业部
a goods train货车
savings bank 储蓄所
foreign languages department外语系
（5）单位名称、报纸、广播、电视等的标题中经常出现复数名词作定语。
Learning Skills center学习技巧交流中心
The Boys Club 男孩俱乐部
（6）表示类别时名词直接作定语还是用所有格作定语一定要严格遵守习惯。
a peasant family/boy(peasant习惯直接作定语) a worker’s family(worker习惯用所有格作定语)
（7）两种定语有时并存但意义不一样。
women drivers女司机
the woman’s driver这位妇女的司机
girl friend女朋友
the girl’s friend 这女孩的朋友
mother tongue母语
mother’s tongue母亲的舌头
（8）名词作定语强调被修饰成分的内容或职能，与其同根的形容词作定语则强调特点或属性
gold watch 金表 (指手表是含金的)
golden watch 金色的表 (指表是金色的，但不一定含金)
6.作状语
时间名词、数量名词、距离名词等有时可以作状语。
The soldiers walked 50 kilometers at a night. 战士们一夜行军五十公里。
Your suitcase weighs 10 kilograms. 你的手提箱重10千克。
易混易错归纳
1.可数名词复数形式变化规则
1.The buildings in the Forbidden City are all covered with yellow glazed tile (琉璃瓦) (roof) with red columns and high walls beneath, symbolizing the noble status of the royal family.
【答案】roofs
【解析】考查名词复数。句意：紫禁城的所有建筑都覆盖着黄色的琉璃瓦屋顶，下面是红色的柱子和高高的墙壁，象征着皇室的高贵地位。根据“yellow glaxed tile”可知，此处应为名词，作宾语；根据“columns”和“walls”及句意可知，应用名词复数形式。故填roofs。
2.This stone tablet is relatively well preserved with clear characters, which is significant for studying cultural and economic (activity) in the southern part of Hebei during the Qing Dynasty.
【答案】activities
【解析】考查名词复数。句意：该石碑保存较好，字迹清晰，对研究清代冀南地区的文化经济活动具有重要意义。activity此处意为“活动”，为可数名词，且前无表示单数含义的词修饰，故填复数式。故填activities。
3.During a visit earlier this year to the crowded and noisy market in the (city) Wuning subdistrict, Mao Fenghua, head of the local trade union federation, found a child doing homework near a street stall.
【答案】city’s
【解析】考查所有格。句意：今年早些时候，当地总工会主席毛凤华在参观武宁这个拥挤嘈杂的市场时，发现一个孩子在街边摊位附近做作业。根据空后名词“Wuning subdistrict”可知，空处应为名词的所有格形式，作定语。故填city’s。
The movie named A Little Red Flower shows ________(parent) love for their children.
【答案】parents’
【详解】考查名词所有格。句意:这部名为《小红花》的电影展示了父母对他们孩子的爱。根据句意，这里说的是父母的爱，应用名词所有格形式，父母parents用复数形式，以s结尾的名词所有格直接加’。故填parents’。
1.（2024·河北保定·一模）These hills not only contribute to the city’s picturesque charm but also offer opportunities for adventure and (explore).
【答案】exploration
【解析】考查名词。句意：这些山丘不仅为这座城市增添了风景如画的魅力，也为冒险和探索提供了机会。由and连接的adventure为名词可知，此处也应为名词形式，共同作介词for的宾语成分。故填exploration。
2.（2024·河南南阳·一模）The naturally-flowing strokes, a product of his outstanding skills and the 96 (inspire) of the moment have led the “Preface” to be regarded widely (wide) as the best semi-cursive calligraphy(行书) work ever.
【答案】inspiration
【解析】考查名词。句意：《兰亭集序》中流畅自然的笔画，王羲之超群的技艺和当时即兴触发的灵感使得这篇序言被广泛认为是有史以来最杰出的行书作品。由the和of可知空处应填名词inspiration“灵感”，为不可数名词。故填inspiration。
3.（2024·广东深圳·一模）The narrow alleyways, situated within Beijing’s inner city, provide the setting for the game’s (popular). Each mormning, Chai and his fellow hutong residents gather for their shared passion for Jianzi.
【答案】popularity
【解析】考查名词。句意：位于北京内城的狭窄小巷为这项运动的流行提供了场地。game’s后跟名词作介词for的宾语，popular的名词是popularity，是不可数名词，意为“流行，普及，受欢迎”，故填popularity。
4.（2024·浙江温州·二模） concerning (concern) these phenomena, platforms must develop richer ways for quality players who need more (expose) to display themselves and earn what they deserve.
【答案】exposure
【解析】考查名词。句意：考虑到这些现象，平台必须为那些需要更多曝光率来展示自己并获得应得回报的优质玩家开发更丰富的方式。此处作宾语，应用名词exposure，不可数。故填exposure。
5.（2024·广东江门·一模）Contrary to the Western dragon, the image of the Chinese dragon, despite undergoing constant changes, has represented various’ positive (quality) including prosperity, authority, strength and good fortune.
【答案】qualities
【解析】考查名词复数。句意：与西方的龙相反，中国龙的形象尽管经历了不断的变化，但却代表了各种积极的品质，包括繁荣、权威、力量和好运。分析可知，“various”之后接可数名词复数。故填qualities。
6.（2024·河北沧州·一模）The museum, themed around nature, life and humanity, provides a series of systematic (presentation) on paleontology and evolutionary biology.
【答案】presentations
【解析】考查名词复数。句意：该博物馆以自然、生命和人类为主题，提供了一系列关于古生物学和进化生物学的系统介绍。设空处作介词of宾语，应填名词，由空前a series of可知设空处表复数概念，应填名词presentation复数形式。故填presentations。
7.（2024·湖北武汉·二模）Along with such verbal (explain), a short video showing the design team working on the mascot has been posted on Sina Weibo by CMG.
【答案】explanation/explanations
【解析】考查名词。句意：除了这样的口头解释，CMG还在新浪微博上发布了一段设计团队制作吉祥物的短视频。分析句子可知，形容词verbal后应填名词，作Along with宾语，explanation表“解释”，可为可数名词或者不可数名词，所以此空可用可数名词复数形式或者不可数名词形式。故填explanation或者explanations。
8.（2024·四川成都·二模）The traditional tea-making in China is a whole system involving (involve)knowledge, skills, and practices about the 4 (manage)of tea plantations, picking of tea leaves, manual processing, drinking, and sharing of tea.
【答案】management
【解析】考查名词。句意：中国传统的制茶是一个完整的系统，包括茶园管理、茶叶采摘、手工加工、饮用和分享等方面的知识、技能和实践。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式。故填management。
9.（2024·河南开封·二模） Contrary to the evil image of European dragons, Chinese dragons symbolize (strong) and goodluck.
【答案】strength
【解析】考查名词。句意：与欧洲龙的邪恶形象相反，中国龙象征着力量和好运。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式担当宾语。故填strength。
10.（2024·广东广州·一模）These timeless architectural (wonder) continue to inspire architects in their efforts to find green solutions for cooling homes and buildings.
【答案】wonders
【解析】考查名词的数。句意：这些永恒的建筑奇迹继续激励着建筑师们努力寻找绿色解决方案来为房屋和建筑物降温。根据上文these可知wonder应用复数形式。故填wonders。
11.（2024·四川绵阳·二模）After the interview, the astronauts were transported into special vehicles for detailed __________(assess) of their health, after which they were to start their medical quarantine (隔离), health observation and recovery.
【答案】assessment
【解析】考查名词。句意：采访结束后，宇航员被运送到专用车辆中，对他们的健康状况进行详细评估，之后他们将开始医学隔离、健康观察和康复。用不可数名词assessment作介词for的宾语。故填assessment。
12.（2024·重庆·一模）The Song and Yuan dynasties saw a peak in the (grow) of Chinese culture, which involved a golden age of ancient books.
【答案】growth
【解析】考查名词。句意：宋元时期是中国文化发展的巅峰时期，也是古籍的黄金时代。在介词in后作宾语应用名词growth表示“发展”。故填growth。
13.（2024·重庆·一模） Participating (participate) in the opening bidding (招标) for the Asian Games project, their designs stood out from more than 4,200 (competitor).
【答案】competitors
【解析】考查名词复数。句意：在参加亚运会项目的开幕招标中，他们的设计从4200多名竞争者中脱颖而出。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少名词，根据空前more than 4, 200可知，空处应用名词复数，作宾语。故填competitors。
14.（2024·江西·一模） (variety) of local traditional agricultural and textile (纺织品) products also gained huge popularity due to the football tournament and the online and offline sales surpassed 20 million yuan, according to the report.
【答案】Varieties
【解析】考查名词的数。句意：据报道，由于足球比赛，当地传统农产品和纺织品的品种也受到了极大的欢迎，线上和线下销售额超过2000万元。此处为短语varieties of“多样的”，首字母大写。故填Varieties。
（2024·广东湛江·一模）The exhibition area consists of basic, themed (theme), open, and temporary exhibition (section).
【答案】sections
【解析】考查可数名词的复数。句意：展区分为基本展区、主题展区、开放展区和临时展区。section“部分”为可数名词，根据上文内容可知有多个展区，名词应用复数形式。故填sections。
16.（2024·湖南长沙·一模）While giving full play to advantages of local folk resources and clarifying (clarify)the current situation of the country’s folk customs, the pilot areas will enhance public awareness of protecting the copyright of folk cultures and promote copyright innovation, (apply), management and services.
【答案】application
【解析】考查名词。句意：试点地区在充分发挥当地民俗资源优势，明确全国民俗现状的同时，将增强公众对民间文化版权保护的意识，促进版权的创新、应用、管理和服务。根据空前的copyright innovation和空后的management and services可知，空处应填apply的名词形式，充当动词promote的宾语。故填application。
17.（2024·江西南昌·一模）Citywalkers get away from hot tourist (attract) and shopping centers, instead leisurely (leisure) seeking out interactions with the natives, authentic snacks, and a deeper appreciation for the history and culture of the city.
【答案】attractions
【解析】考查名词。句意：城市步行者远离热门的旅游景点和购物中心，而是悠闲地寻求与当地人的互动，品尝正宗的小吃，并对城市的历史和文化有更深的了解。此处是固定搭配：tourist attraction意为“旅游胜地”，attraction为可数名词，根据后文的centers可知，用复数形式。故填attractions。
18.（2024·湖南·二模）At the (begin), written Chinese was a picture-based language.
【答案】beginning
【解析】考查名词。句意：起初，书面语是一种以图画为基础的语言。短语at the beginning表示“起初”。故填beginning。
19.（2024·河南·一模） Reflecting (reflect) the principles for sustainable development and based on Agenda 21, the certification was approved by (represent) of 182 countries and regions from around the world during the United Nations Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit in 1992.
【答案】representatives
【解析】考查名词复数。句意同上。空处应填名词作介词by的宾语，representative“代表”，可数名词，由of 182 countries and regions可知此处应用复数形式，故填representatives。
20.（2024·河北沧州·模拟预测） Images and data from the Gaofen satellites have been widely used at thousands of research bodies and enterprises in dozens of 37 (industry) across China and have helped reduce the country's 38 (depend) on foreign remote-sensing products.
【答案】 37.industries 38dependence
【解析】考查名词复数。句意：高分卫星的图像和数据已被中国数十个行业的数千家研究机构和企业广泛使用，并帮助减少了中国对外国遥感产品的依赖。根据dozens of可知，空处应用名词复数作宾语。故填industries。
【解析】考查名词。句意：高分卫星的图像和数据已被中国数十个行业的数千家研究机构和企业广泛使用，并帮助减少了中国对外国遥感产品的依赖。根据country's可知，空处应用名词dependence，不可数，作宾语。故填dependence。专题01 名词的数与词形转化
目 录
01 挑战真题·查知识漏洞
02 回顾教材·补知识漏洞
回顾知识体系
回顾核心考点
易混易错归纳
03 知识通关演练
1.【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Since June 2017, right before the ___56___ (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and__confident___ (confidence) speaking English. ...They also need to be ready to give ___61___ (interview) in English with international journalists.
2.【2023年全国甲卷】However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty ___69___ (warn) about environmental destruction.
3.【2023年全国乙卷】But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ____which/that____ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural ____64____ (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
4.【2023年浙江卷1月】Thanks to Beijing’s long history as capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic (event).
回顾知识体系
回顾核心考点
考点1 名词的数
一、可数名词的复数
(1)规则变化
1、一般情况：加-s ，例词：students，teachers，doctors，tables
2、以s，x，ch，sh结尾：加-es，例词：glasses，dishes，boxes，watches，但stomach的是复数形式直接加s，即stomachs，这与读音有关，也就是，当词尾ch读作[t ]的时候，该词的复数形式为-es结尾，当词尾ch读作[k]的时候，该词的复数形式则为-s结尾。
3、以辅音字母＋y结尾：变y为i再加-es，例词：families，babies，armies，bodies
4、以元音字母＋y结尾：加-s，例词：boys，toys，pianos，photos
5、以f或fe结尾：
大都变f或fe为v，再加-es，例词：leaves, selves, thieves，loaves, wives，knives，shelves，lives.
少数加-s，例词：beliefs，proofs，roofs，chiefs
6、以o结尾：通常加-s，例词：radios，videos，zoos，tobaccos
有的加-es，例词：heroes，potatoes，tomatoes
注意：
①以-o结尾的下列名词要加-es，它们是＂英雄在回声中吃土豆、西红柿＂，即heroes，echoes，potatoes，tomatoes。
但下列以-o结尾的名词既可以加-es，也可以加-s，它们是：zeros(zeroes)零，mosquitos (mosquitoes)蚊子，volcanos(volcanoes)火山。
②以-f或-fe结尾的下列名词需要把f或fe去掉，加-ves，它们是＂为了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和树叶站在架子上，把狼劈成两半＂，即selves，lives，thieves，wives，knives，leaves，shelves，wolves，halves。
但下列以-f结尾的名词既可以去掉f加-ves，也可以直接加-s，如：handkerchiefs (handkerchieves) 手帕。
③名词前有man或woman修饰，变复数时，作定语的man 或woman和后面的名词都要变成复数。如：woman doctor→women doctors
(2)不规则变化
①常见单复数同形的名词
Chinese 中国人；sheep 绵羊；deer鹿；series 系列；means 方式；works 工厂；fish 鱼；fruit 水果等。其中fish，fruit表示种类时，可加复数词尾，即fishes，fruits。
②自身有特殊变化的名词
child孩子→children
man男人→men
tooth牙→teeth
foot脚，英尺→feet
mouse老鼠→mice
phenomenon现象→phenomena
medium传播媒介→media
二、不可数名词具体化
(1)通常只用作不可数名词的名词：
advice建议， furniture家具， fun乐趣；information信息，news新闻， weather天气， progress进步，wealth财富，value价值等。
(2)不可数名词具体化
①具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考的有：
success：抽象名词意义：成功，具体化名词意义：成功的人或事
pleasure：抽象名词意义：乐趣，具体化名词意义：令人高兴的事
beauty：抽象名词意义：美；美丽，具体化名词意义：美丽的人或事物
comfort：抽象名词意义：安慰；慰藉，具体化名词意义：令人感到安慰的人或事物
danger：抽象名词意义：危险，具体化名词意义：危险的人或因素
delight：抽象名词意义：高兴，具体化名词意义：令人高兴的事
failure：抽象名词意义：失败，具体化名词意义：失败的人或事物
surprise：抽象名词意义：惊奇，具体化名词意义：令人惊奇的事情
shock：抽象名词意义：震惊，具体化名词意义：令人震惊的事情
pride：抽象名词意义：骄傲，具体化名词意义：令人骄傲的事情
例如：Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success.
你的贡献一定会使这个事件很成功。
②物质名词具体化
drink饮料→two drinks 两杯饮料
coffee咖啡→a coffee一杯咖啡
chalk 粉笔→a chalk 一支粉笔
hair 头发→a hair 一根头发
③抽象名词与a(an)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。例如：
Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times.
在那些艰难的时期，能够买得起一杯酒会是一件欣慰的事。
考点2 名词所有格
(1)-’s所有格
①用and连接的并列名词的所有格要分两种情况，即表示各自的所有关系时，要分别在并列名词后加-’s 或’；表示共同的所有关系时，只在最后一个名词后加-’s或’。
Tom’s and Jim’s rooms.汤姆和吉姆(各自)的房间。
Tom and Jim’s room.汤姆和吉姆(共同)的房间。
②表示店铺、办公室或某人的家时，名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。
at the barber’s在理发店
at the teacher’s在老师办公室
(2)of所有格
表示无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关系；名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用of所有格。
the content of the novel小说的内容
the name of the girl over there那边那位女孩的名字
(3)双重所有格
指＂名词＋of＋名词所有格＂或＂名词＋of＋名词性物主代词＂。
a play of Shakespeare’s(莎士比亚的一个戏剧)
a friend of mine(我的一个朋友)
考点3 名词常考构词法
●-er / or“表人或用具” farmer, baker, visitor, professor, cooker, container
●-ese “某国（人）的” Chinese, Japanese
●-ian“某国、某地人；精通……的人” musician, Asian, Russian, technician
●-ist “某种主义或职业者” physicist, scientist, communist，socialist
●-ess “表女性，雌性” hostess, actress, princess
●-ment“行为或其状态” government, movement, achievement
●-ness“性质，状态” illness, sadness, carelessness
●-tion“动作，过程，结果” invention, organization, translation
●-ance/ ence“抽象；行为、性质、状态” importance, appearance, absence, existence
●-th“性质、情况” depth, warmth, truth
●-ful“（满的）量” handful, spoonful, mouthful
●-(a)bility“抽象、性质、状态” possibility, disability, reliability
●-al“过程、状态” survival, arrival, approval
●-y“性质、情况” modesty, delivery, honesty
●-dom“处于……状态；性质”freedom, boredom，wisdom
●-age“状态，行为，身份及其结果”courage, storage, marriage
考点4 名词的语法功能
1.作主语
The young woman played an important part in the matter.
那年轻女人在这件事上举足轻重。
2.作宾语
（1）作及物动词的直接宾语
Have you finished the letter to Jane 你写完给珍的信了吗？
（2）作及物动词的间接宾语。
I told my students a funny story. 我给学生们讲一个有趣的故事。
（3）作介词的宾语。
Do you still ask your parents for money 你还向爸妈要钱吗？
3.作表语
It’s a good idea to plant trees here . 在这里栽些树是个好主意。
4.作宾语的补足语
They elected Tom head of the workshop. 他们推选汤姆当车间的头。（职务名词作宾补前面不加冠词）
5.作定语
（1）直接作定语, 通常用单数形式。
college students大学生 girl friend女友 vegetable garden菜园 basketball match篮球赛
Let’s stop by the book store on the way home.回家的路上，我们在书店停一下吧！
（2）名词所有格作定语。
students’ books学生用书 China’s capital中国的首都the world’s population世界人口
（3）man，woman，gentleman作定语
man，woman，gentleman作定语时可以用单数和复数两种形式，但必须随所修饰名词的数而定。
He said that two women doctors would come to our village the next day. 他说明天有两个女医生到我们村子来。
（4）某些常用复数的名词用作定语
某些常用复数的名词，当它们用作定语时，也须用复数形式。
arms production 武器生产
clothes shop服装商店
sales department营业部
a goods train货车
savings bank 储蓄所
foreign languages department外语系
（5）单位名称、报纸、广播、电视等的标题中经常出现复数名词作定语。
Learning Skills center学习技巧交流中心
The Boys Club 男孩俱乐部
（6）表示类别时名词直接作定语还是用所有格作定语一定要严格遵守习惯。
a peasant family/boy(peasant习惯直接作定语) a worker’s family(worker习惯用所有格作定语)
（7）两种定语有时并存但意义不一样。
women drivers女司机
the woman’s driver这位妇女的司机
girl friend女朋友
the girl’s friend 这女孩的朋友
mother tongue母语
mother’s tongue母亲的舌头
（8）名词作定语强调被修饰成分的内容或职能，与其同根的形容词作定语则强调特点或属性
gold watch 金表 (指手表是含金的)
golden watch 金色的表 (指表是金色的，但不一定含金)
6.作状语
时间名词、数量名词、距离名词等有时可以作状语。
The soldiers walked 50 kilometers at a night. 战士们一夜行军五十公里。
Your suitcase weighs 10 kilograms. 你的手提箱重10千克。
易混易错归纳
1.可数名词复数形式变化规则
1.The buildings in the Forbidden City are all covered with yellow glazed tile (琉璃瓦) (roof) with red columns and high walls beneath, symbolizing the noble status of the royal family.
2.This stone tablet is relatively well preserved with clear characters, which is significant for studying cultural and economic (activity) in the southern part of Hebei during the Qing Dynasty.
3.During a visit earlier this year to the crowded and noisy market in the (city) Wuning subdistrict, Mao Fenghua, head of the local trade union federation, found a child doing homework near a street stall.
The movie named A Little Red Flower shows ________(parent) love for their children.
1.（2024·河北保定·一模）These hills not only contribute to the city’s picturesque charm but also offer opportunities for adventure and (explore).
2.（2024·河南南阳·一模）The naturally-flowing strokes, a product of his outstanding skills and the 96 (inspire) of the moment have led the “Preface” to be regarded widely (wide) as the best semi-cursive calligraphy(行书) work ever.
3.（2024·广东深圳·一模）The narrow alleyways, situated within Beijing’s inner city, provide the setting for the game’s (popular). Each mormning, Chai and his fellow hutong residents gather for their shared passion for Jianzi.
4.（2024·浙江温州·二模） concerning (concern) these phenomena, platforms must develop richer ways for quality players who need more (expose) to display themselves and earn what they deserve.
5.（2024·广东江门·一模）Contrary to the Western dragon, the image of the Chinese dragon, despite undergoing constant changes, has represented various’ positive (quality) including prosperity, authority, strength and good fortune.
6.（2024·河北沧州·一模）The museum, themed around nature, life and humanity, provides a series of systematic (presentation) on paleontology and evolutionary biology.
7.（2024·湖北武汉·二模）Along with such verbal (explain), a short video showing the design team working on the mascot has been posted on Sina Weibo by CMG.
8.（2024·四川成都·二模）The traditional tea-making in China is a whole system involving (involve)knowledge, skills, and practices about the 4 (manage)of tea plantations, picking of tea leaves, manual processing, drinking, and sharing of tea.
9.（2024·河南开封·二模） Contrary to the evil image of European dragons, Chinese dragons symbolize (strong) and goodluck.
10.（2024·广东广州·一模）These timeless architectural (wonder) continue to inspire architects in their efforts to find green solutions for cooling homes and buildings.
11.（2024·四川绵阳·二模）After the interview, the astronauts were transported into special vehicles for detailed __________(assess) of their health, after which they were to start their medical quarantine (隔离), health observation and recovery.
12.（2024·重庆·一模）The Song and Yuan dynasties saw a peak in the (grow) of Chinese culture, which involved a golden age of ancient books.
13.（2024·重庆·一模） Participating (participate) in the opening bidding (招标) for the Asian Games project, their designs stood out from more than 4,200 (competitor).
14.（2024·江西·一模） (variety) of local traditional agricultural and textile (纺织品) products also gained huge popularity due to the football tournament and the online and offline sales surpassed 20 million yuan, according to the report.
（2024·广东湛江·一模）The exhibition area consists of basic, themed (theme), open, and temporary exhibition (section).
16.（2024·湖南长沙·一模）While giving full play to advantages of local folk resources and clarifying (clarify)the current situation of the country’s folk customs, the pilot areas will enhance public awareness of protecting the copyright of folk cultures and promote copyright innovation, (apply), management and services.
17.（2024·江西南昌·一模）Citywalkers get away from hot tourist (attract) and shopping centers, instead leisurely (leisure) seeking out interactions with the natives, authentic snacks, and a deeper appreciation for the history and culture of the city.
18.（2024·湖南·二模）At the (begin), written Chinese was a picture-based language.
19.（2024·河南·一模） Reflecting (reflect) the principles for sustainable development and based on Agenda 21, the certification was approved by (represent) of 182 countries and regions from around the world during the United Nations Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit in 1992.
20.（2024·河北沧州·模拟预测） Images and data from the Gaofen satellites have been widely used at thousands of research bodies and enterprises in dozens of 37 (industry) across China and have helped reduce the country's 38 (depend) on foreign remote-sensing products.
