2024届高考英语阅读理解说明文模式研究 课件(共14张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2024届高考英语阅读理解说明文模式研究 课件(共14张PPT) |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 767.4KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-04-04 19:41:00 | ||
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文档简介
(共14张PPT)
高考说明文模式研究
阅读理解A篇 阅读理解B篇 阅读理解C篇 阅读理解D篇
2019全国卷I 应用文 记叙文 说明文 议论文
2020新高考I 应用文 记叙文 说明文 说明文
2021新高考I 应用文 记叙文 说明文 议论文
2022新高考I 应用文 议论文 说明文 说明文
2023新高考I 应用文 记叙文 说明文 说明文
2019全国卷II 说明文 记叙文 说明文 说明文
2020新高考II 应用文 记叙文 说明文 说明文
2021新高考II 应用文 记叙文 说明文 说明文
2022新高考II 应用文 记叙文 说明文 说明文
2023新高考II 应用文 记叙文 说明文 说明文
purpose
Exposition
to introduce
to describe
an object
a social phenomenon
subject
（说明对象）
a research
About exposition genre
Introduction
Explanation
Conclusion
Exposition
Staging Structure of Exposition Genre
restating topic/evaluation
presenting the subject
providing evidence /examples/data
Scan the passage and figure out the textual pattern.
As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric（生物测量）technologies－like fingerprint scans－to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though． Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device（装置）that gets around this problem：a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence（节奏）with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key． The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person．Thus, the keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right． It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently． In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch”four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future. (2019 全国I 卷 C)
As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric（生物测量）technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though． Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device（装置）that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence（节奏）with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to－regardless of whether someone gets the password right． It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently． In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch”four times using the smart keyboard． Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates． The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts． The team hopes to make it to market in the near future．
Situation
Problem
Solution
result
Evaluation/
Prospect
Explore the textual pattern
（2019全国I卷C）
28．Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard
29．What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible？
30．What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard？
31．Where is this text most likely from
Explore the question distribution
Problem
solution
Evaluation
subject
solution
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat (栖息地). In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory (迁徒的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources. About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System-a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934. Better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.(2021新高考I 卷C)
Analyse the textual pattern by yourself.
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat (栖息地). In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory (迁徒的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources. About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System-a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934. Better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.(2021新高考I 卷C)
Situation
Problem
Solution
result
Evaluation
Come up with reading comprehension questions in groups.
Analyse the textual pattern by yourself.
2019全国I卷C
2021新高考I卷C
Problem－Solution Pattern
Search the two passages for signal words .
问题(problem)
concern, difficulty,dilemma, drawback,obstacle, problem, etc.
反应(response/solution)
change, combat, come up with, develop, find, measure, respond,take action, etc.
解决(solution)
answer, consequence, effect, outcome, result, solution, resolve, etc.
评价/结果(evaluation/result)
effective,manage,viable, work, etc.
Problem-Solution Pattern
(signal words/ text organizing words)
D
On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate. This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. (2023 全国I 卷D)
What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving.【答案】12. B 13. D 14. C 15. D
Previous
research
Analysis
New research
Result
Evaluation
Explore the textual pattern
Analysis
Research－Result Pattern
Process
12. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
13. Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy
could increase even if ___.
14. What did the follow-up study focus on
15.What is the author’s attitude toward
Navajas’ studies
Summary
问题一解决措施一结果一评价
新研究一解释新研究一研究结果及其评价
Universality(共性) & Individuality(个性)
高考说明文模式研究
阅读理解A篇 阅读理解B篇 阅读理解C篇 阅读理解D篇
2019全国卷I 应用文 记叙文 说明文 议论文
2020新高考I 应用文 记叙文 说明文 说明文
2021新高考I 应用文 记叙文 说明文 议论文
2022新高考I 应用文 议论文 说明文 说明文
2023新高考I 应用文 记叙文 说明文 说明文
2019全国卷II 说明文 记叙文 说明文 说明文
2020新高考II 应用文 记叙文 说明文 说明文
2021新高考II 应用文 记叙文 说明文 说明文
2022新高考II 应用文 记叙文 说明文 说明文
2023新高考II 应用文 记叙文 说明文 说明文
purpose
Exposition
to introduce
to describe
an object
a social phenomenon
subject
（说明对象）
a research
About exposition genre
Introduction
Explanation
Conclusion
Exposition
Staging Structure of Exposition Genre
restating topic/evaluation
presenting the subject
providing evidence /examples/data
Scan the passage and figure out the textual pattern.
As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric（生物测量）technologies－like fingerprint scans－to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though． Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device（装置）that gets around this problem：a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence（节奏）with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key． The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person．Thus, the keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right． It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently． In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch”four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future. (2019 全国I 卷 C)
As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric（生物测量）technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though． Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device（装置）that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence（节奏）with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to－regardless of whether someone gets the password right． It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently． In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch”four times using the smart keyboard． Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates． The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts． The team hopes to make it to market in the near future．
Situation
Problem
Solution
result
Evaluation/
Prospect
Explore the textual pattern
（2019全国I卷C）
28．Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard
29．What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible？
30．What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard？
31．Where is this text most likely from
Explore the question distribution
Problem
solution
Evaluation
subject
solution
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat (栖息地). In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory (迁徒的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources. About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System-a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934. Better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.(2021新高考I 卷C)
Analyse the textual pattern by yourself.
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat (栖息地). In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory (迁徒的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources. About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System-a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934. Better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.(2021新高考I 卷C)
Situation
Problem
Solution
result
Evaluation
Come up with reading comprehension questions in groups.
Analyse the textual pattern by yourself.
2019全国I卷C
2021新高考I卷C
Problem－Solution Pattern
Search the two passages for signal words .
问题(problem)
concern, difficulty,dilemma, drawback,obstacle, problem, etc.
反应(response/solution)
change, combat, come up with, develop, find, measure, respond,take action, etc.
解决(solution)
answer, consequence, effect, outcome, result, solution, resolve, etc.
评价/结果(evaluation/result)
effective,manage,viable, work, etc.
Problem-Solution Pattern
(signal words/ text organizing words)
D
On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate. This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. (2023 全国I 卷D)
What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving.【答案】12. B 13. D 14. C 15. D
Previous
research
Analysis
New research
Result
Evaluation
Explore the textual pattern
Analysis
Research－Result Pattern
Process
12. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
13. Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy
could increase even if ___.
14. What did the follow-up study focus on
15.What is the author’s attitude toward
Navajas’ studies
Summary
问题一解决措施一结果一评价
新研究一解释新研究一研究结果及其评价
Universality(共性) & Individuality(个性)