外研版（2019）选择性必修 第三册Unit4 A glimpse of the future Developing ideas 课件(共32张PPT)

(共32张PPT)
Developing ideas
—Reading comprehension
A Boy’s Best Friend
Unit 4　A glimpse of the future
By the end of this period, students will be able to:
1. know some background information about Isaac Asimov and his novels;
2. get the main idea of the passage and give the outline of the story;
3. understand the topic of the passage and develop an emotional attitude of positive acceptance but critical view of technological innovation.
CONTENTS
Pre-reading
I
While-reading
II
Post-reading
III
Sentences analysis
IV
Look at the pictures and guess what they are.
The above are among the most classic works of science fiction in the world, so have you read them
Pre-reading
1.Watch the video and learn some knowledge about Isaac Asimov.
1. A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.
2. A robot must obey the orders given by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law.
3.A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law.
Isaac Asimov(1920-1992)阿西莫夫
Isaac Asimov was an American writer, and professor of biochemistry at Boston University, best known for his works of science fiction and popular science. Asimov was considered to be one of the “Big Three” science-fiction writers during his lifetime.
Background
Three Laws of Robotics
______________________________
______________________________
______________________________
______________________________
Wear spacesuits whenever outside.
Breathe from an air supply.
Jump high easily.
Keep robots as pets.
Life on Earth
Life on the Moon
Wear ordinary clothes and change
according to the seasons.
Breathe the air freely.
Have to make an effort to jump high.
Keep pets, such as dogs, cats, etc.
2.Complete the table to compare life on Earth with life on the Moon.
Now read the passage and find out what life on the Moon is like in the novel.
While-reading
Activity 1　Fast- reading for main ideas
√
1. What does the passage mainly talk about
A. The first dog would land on the Moon.
B. Jimmy’s life on the Moon was boring.
C. The parents were angry with Jimmy.
D. Jimmy preferred Robutt to a real dog.
2.Read the passage quickly and match the main idea of each part.
Part 1(Paras.1－3) A. Jimmy and his father held different attitudes
on whether keeping Robutt or keeping a dog
from Earth.
Part 2(Paras.4－6) B. Why Jimmy’s father, Anderson, brought him a
real dog.
Part 3(Paras.7－19) C. Jimmy was different from Earth-born human
being. His dog, Robutt, was helpful.
Part 4(Paras.20－21) D. Jimmy wouldn’t change his mind. Jimmy
loved Robutt.
3. Read for main elements of a sci-fi story.
sci-fi
story
Characters
Setting
Plot
Ending
Can you find some basic elements of this story
Complete the main elements of the story.
Title
Author
Setting
Time：
Place：
Characters
Jimmy a moon-born boy
A Boy’s Best Friend
Issac Asimov
In the future
On the moon
Jimmy’s father
Jimmy’s mother
a mechanical dog, Jimmy’s pet
Mr Anderson
Mrs Anderson
Robutt
Activity 2　Careful- reading for details
Mr Anderson said, “Where’s Jimmy, dear ” “Out on the crater(弧坑),” said Mrs Anderson. “Robutt is with him. Did he arrive ” “Yes. He’s at the rocket station, going through the tests. I haven’t really seen one since I left Earth 15 years ago.”
“Jimmy has never seen one,” said Mrs Anderson.
“Because he’s Moon-born and can’t visit Earth. That’s why I’m bringing one here. I think it’s the first one ever on the Moon.”
1. Why did Mrs Anderson bring one here (Underline the sentences)
2. How long had the family lived on the Moon
Deep thinking: What does “he” refer to in the above sentence
A. Jimmy. B. Robutt. C. A real dog. D. Mr Anderson.
May be we can find the answer in the following paragraphs.
Read Paras. 1-3 and do the following exercises.
Jimmy was out on the crater, as his mother had said. His arms and legs were long and agile(敏捷的). He looked thicker and stubbier with his spacesuit on, but he could handle the lunar gravity as no Earth-born human being could. The outer side of the crater sloped southward and the Earth, which was low in the southern sky, was nearly full, so that the entire crater-slope was brightly lit. The slope was a gentle one and even the weight of the spacesuit couldn’t keep Jimmy from racing up it in a floating hop(跳跃) that made the gravity seem nonexistent. .(Para. 4)
1.What made the entire crater-slope bright (Underline the sentences)
2. What can we know from paragraph 4
A. Jimmy was thicker and stubbier than Earth-born human beings.
B. Jimmy adapted to the gravity on the Moon well.
C. The spacesuit was too light, and the gravity was nonexistent.
D. The entire crater was brightly lit by the nearly full Earth.
√
Read Paras. 4-6 and do the following exercises.
“Come on, Robutt,” he shouted. Robutt, who could hear him by radio, squeaked (发出吱吱声) and bounded after.
Jimmy, expert though he was, couldn’t outrace Robutt, who didn’t need a spacesuit, and had four legs and tendons(腱) of steel. Jimmy couldn’t go wrong while Robutt was around, tripping him when he was too near a rock, or jumping on him to show how much he loved him, or circling around and squeaking low and scared when Jimmy hid behind a rock, when all the time Robutt knew well enough where he was.(Paras. 5-6)
3.How did Robutt show his love to Jimmy (Underline the sentences)
4.What does the above sentence mean in Para. 6
A. Robutt was helpful to Jimmy.
B. Jimmy was afraid to make a mistake while Robutt was present.
C. Jimmy got on well with Robutt.
D. Jimmy couldn’t adapt to the Moon environment.
√
He heard his father’s voice on his private wavelength. “Jimmy, come back. I have something to tell you.”
Mr Anderson was smiling. “We have something for you, Jimmy. It’s at the rocket station now, but we’ll have it tomorrow after all the tests are over.”
“From Earth, Dad ”
“A dog from Earth, son. The first dog on the Moon. You won’t need Robutt any more. We can’t keep them both, and some other boy or girl will have Robutt.” He seemed to be waiting for Jimmy to say something, then he said, “You know what a dog is, Jimmy. It’s the real thing. Robutt’s only a mechanical imitation, a robot-mutt(狗). That’s how he got his name.” (Paras. 7-10)
“Robutt is with him. Did he arrive ” “Yes. He’s at the rocket station, going through the tests.
1.What does “he”refer to in Para. 1 according to this part
A. Jimmy. B. Robutt. C. A real dog. D. Mr Anderson.
√
2.How did Robutt get his name
Underline the sentences in the avove paragraphs.
Read Paras. 7-19 and do the following exercises.
Jimmy frowned. “Robutt isn’t an imitation, Dad.”
“Robutt’s just steel and wiring and a simple positronic (正电子的) brain.”
“He does everything I want him to do, Dad. He understands me.”
“No, son. Robutt is just a machine. It’s just programmed to act the way it does. A dog is alive. You’ll see the difference once he gets here.”
Jimmy looked at Robutt, who was squeaking again, a very low, slow squeak that seemed frightened. Jimmy held out his arms and Robutt was in them in one bound.
Jimmy said, “What will the difference be between Robutt and the dog ”
“It’s hard to explain,” said Mr Anderson, “but it will be easy to see. The dog will really love you. Robutt is just adjusted to act as though it loves you.”
“But, Dad, we don’t know what’s inside the dog, or what his feelings are. Maybe it’s just acting, too.”
Mr Anderson frowned. “Jimmy, you’ll know the difference when you experience the love of a living thing.” (Paras. 11-19)
Pay attention to the sentences
3. What can we learn from this part
A. Robutt was a real dog.
B. Robutt was a toy which is a mechanical imitation.
C. Jimmy didn’t like Robutt at all.
D. Every child on the Moon had a Robutt.
4. Why can Robutt do everything
A. It has the wish to please Jimmy.
B. It has been programmed.
C. It can imitate everything.
D. It is almost the same as a real dog.
√
√
5.What are the similarities and differences between Robutt and a real dog (Discuss with your partner)
1) Both are able to respond to orders given by human beings.
2) Both can outrace human beings.
3) Both can guide and protect human beings.
1) They have different appearances.
2) A real dog is a living creature, while Robutt is a machine.
3) A real dog loves human beings as a result of its nature, while Robutt is just programmed to love human beings.
Similarities
Differences
Jimmy held Robutt tightly. He was frowning, too, and the desperate look on his face meant that he wouldn’t change his mind. He said, “But what’s the difference how they act How about how I feel I love Robutt and that’s what counts.”
And the little robot-mutt, which had never been held so tightly in all its existence, squeaked high and rapid squeaks – happy squeaks.(Paras. 20-21)
(Adaptation of excerpts from “A Boy’s Best Friend” by Isaac Asimov)
1. What does the word “desperate” in Para. 20 mean
A. Wanting something very much. B. Willing to do anything, not caring about danger.
C. Bad or serious. D. Curious about something.
√
count: v. to be important
2. What can we conclude from the last sentence
A. Robutt was concerned that he would say goodbye to Jimmy.
B. Robutt was glad because Jimmy would have a new friend.
C. Robutt was sighing over his unfortunate fate.
D. Robutt understood Jimmy’s mind that he wouldn’t leave him.
√
Read Paras. 20-21 and do the following exercises.
1. Where may the passage come from
A. A story. B. A sci-fi novel.
C. A travel journey. D. A magazine.
2. What will the passage talk about in the following paragraphs
A. The difference between the real dog and Robutt.
B. Whether Mr Anderson will be angry.
C. Whether Jimmy will give up Robutt or not.
D. Jimmy will hold Robutt tightly.
√
√
Read the whole passag again and do the following exercises.
3. What does Jimmy think of Robutt
A. Robutt was helpful and significant. B. Robutt was easy to understand.
C. Robutt was much too clever. D. Robutt looked desperate.
√
4.Is there any foreshadowing of Jimmy’s final decision Find clues in the reading passage.
Learning to learn
Foreshadowing is when the author gives a clue as to what is to come later in the story. This often appears at the beginning of a story, or a chapter, and helps the reader develop expectations about the coming events in a story.
Is there any foreshadowing of Jimmy’s final decision
Find clues in the reading passage.
Yes, there is. At the beginning of the story, we know Jimmy has never seen a real dog. It also seems that he spends a lot of time with Robutt. Jimmy plays with Robutt enthusiastically, shouting “Come on, Robutt”. In the middle of the passage, we are told that “Jimmy couldn’t go wrong while Robutt was around”, indicating that Robutt protects Jimmy well.
Complete the summary of the story.
Plot
Jimmy’s parents get a dog from Earth. They want to give it to Jimmy as a pet. But Jimmy already has a robot pet named Robutt. His parents think it would be good for Jimmy to have a real dog, and that he would like it. They want to send Robutt to another family. To his parents’ surprise, Jimmy refuses to accept the real dog, because he loves Robutt and he believes Robutt loves him too. For Jimmy, Robutt is not just a mechanical dog, but a real friend.
Different attitudes
Parents
Jimmy
Robutt is a mechanical imitation of a real dog.
He loves Robutt and treats him like a real dog.
Post-reading
1. What kind of dog do you prefer, a robot dog or a real dog (Critical thinking)
2. What other novels about robots can you think of Share one with us.(Creative thinking)
Activity 1　Discussion
Students’ own answers.
Students’ own answers.
Jimmy, whose arms and legs were long and agile, was Moon-born. He could handle the lunar gravity 1._____ no Earth-born human being could. However, he couldn’t visit Earth, so his father, 2._____ had left Earth 15 years ago, brought 3._______ real dog for him, though he had a mechanical dog, Robutt.
Jimmy’s father 4._________ (explain) to him what a real dog was and would have some other boy or girl keep Robutt. Jimmy frowned. He said that Robutt understood 5._____(he)．His father continued to talk about the 6.___________ (differ) between Robutt and the dog, 7._________ (say) that the dog would really love him while Robutt was just adjusted 8.______(act) as though it loved him.
Jim held Robutt 9._______(tight) and the desperate look on his face meant that he wouldn’t change his mind. He said, “I love Robutt and that’s what 10.______(count)．”
as
who
a
explained
Activity 2　Summary
him
differences
saying
to act
tightly
counts
Sentences Analysis
1.He looked thicker and stubbier with his spacesuit on, but he could handle the lunar gravity as no Earth- born human being could.
[句式分析]　该句是but连接的_____句；with his spacesuit on为with的复合结构作_________，as引导___________从句。
[自主翻译]
并列
伴随状语
穿着太空服的吉米虽看起来臃肿矮胖了一些，但他能
比较状语
承受月球引力，而在地球出生的人是不能承受这种引力的。
2. The outer side of the crater sloped southward and the Earth, which was low in the southern sky, was nearly full, so that the entire crater-slope was brightly lit.
[句式分析]　此句是and连接的_________句，第二个分句中which 引导_____________从句，先行词为___________，so that 引导___________从句。
[自主翻译]
并列
结果状语
环形山外侧向南倾斜，南面天空下方的地球全部显现
the Earth
非限制性定语
出来，因此整个环形山山坡明亮了起来。
3. Jimmy, expert though he was, couldn’t outrace Robutt, who didn’t need a spacesuit, and had four legs and tendons of steel.
[句式分析]　此句是_________句，expert though he was 是让步状语从句的______结构，相当于though he was an expert；who 引导____________从句，对Robutt 进行补充说明。
[自主翻译]
主从复合
非限制性定语
倒装
论速度，吉米虽然是个能手，但他比不过罗布特，因为
它有四条腿和钢铁做的肌腱，还不用穿太空服。
4. Jimmy couldn’t go wrong while Robutt was around, tripping him when he was too near a rock, or jumping on him to show how much he loved him, or circling around and squeaking low and scared when Jimmy hid behind a rock, when all the time Robutt knew well enough where he was. [句式分析]　此句是_________句，while引导的是__________从句，tripping，jumping，circling，squeaking 是现在分词短语作________；when 引导的是________从句， where he was为___________。
[自主翻译]
主从复合
伴随状语
时间状语
只要有罗布特相伴，吉米就没有危险。当吉米过于靠近
时间状语
宾语从句
一块岩石时，它会扑倒他；罗布特还会扑向他，以表达爱意；当吉米藏在岩石后面时，罗布特就原地打转、低吼、战战兢兢，不论什么时候，罗布特都对吉米的位置了如指掌。
5. Jimmy looked at Robutt, who was squeaking again, a very low, slow squeak that seemed frightened.
[句式分析]　此句是_________句。主语和谓语为______________；who引导的是______________从句，对Robutt进行补充说明；that引导的是______从句，修饰squeak；a very low，slow squeak是_________。
[自主翻译]
主从复合
Jimmy looked at
非限制性定语
同位语
吉米看着又在吼叫的罗布特，它的叫声非常低沉缓慢，
定语
好像受到了惊吓。
6. I love Robutt and that’s what counts.
[句式分析]　该句是and连接的______句；what counts引导的为_____从句，count意为“____________”。
[自主翻译]
并列
表语
重要的是
我爱罗布特，我觉得这是最重要的。”
Search the Internet to know more about science fiction written by Isaac Asimov.
Homework