外研版（2019）必修第三册Unit 3 The world of science Developing ideas 课件 (共38张PPT)
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| 名称 | 外研版（2019）必修第三册Unit 3 The world of science Developing ideas 课件 (共38张PPT) |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-04-04 20:45:03 | ||
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(共38张PPT)
Unit 3
The world of science
Developing ideas
By the end of this period, you will be able to:
list the main idea and the basic structure of an essay;
tell the specific information about Franklin’s experiment;
express arguments by listing supporting details or giving examples;
develop the basic scientific thoughts and scientific exploring spirit.
CONTENTS
Pre-reading
I
While-reading
II
Post-reading
III
Sentences analysis
IV
Do you know the scientists and their experiments
Pre-reading
Do you know Franklin’s famous experiment
Who is Franklin
played a part in the American Revolution
He is undoubtedly important to Americans.
WHO
Read the introduction to Benjamin Franklin.
Benjamin Franklin (1706–1790) was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States and helped draft the Declaration of Independence. Apart from being a successful statesman, he was also well known as a leading American author, printer and publisher, successful diplomat, creative scientist and inventor.
Learning to learn
An essay title often contains an explicit(直截了当的) or implicit (含蓄的) question which your essay should focus on answering. For example, the title “ Franklin’s Experiment: How Much Is True ” makes it clear what question is being answered within the essay.
Let's read the passage quickly and find out what Franklin’s experiment aimed to prove.
While-reading
√
Franklin’s Experiment:
How Much Is It True
Activity 1 Fast- reading for basic information
Ⅰ. What is the text mainly about
A．The story of Franklin’s experiment is true or not.
B．The aim of Franklin’s experiment.
C．The procedure of Franklin’s experiment.
D．The effect of Franklin’s experiment.
Ⅱ. Match each paragraph with its main idea.
Para.1 A．Facts should be proved by experiments and research.
Para.2 B．The reason why scientists often question accepted ideas.
Para.3 C．The detailed procedure of Franklin’s experiment with lightning.
Para.4 D．The great effect of Franklin’s experiment on science and inventions.
Para.5 E．Neither the story nor the details of the experiment are entirely true.
Para.6 F．Benjamin Franklin’s famous experiment with lightning may be fiction.
Para(s)._____
Para(s)._____
Para(s)._____
6
Ⅲ. Please sort out this passage’s structure.
1
2-5
√
Benjamin Franklin’s famous experiment with lightning has introduced generations of children to science.However, new research suggests that the story may be fiction instead of fact.
Activity 2 Careful- reading for details
Ⅰ.Read Para.1 carefully and do the following exercises.
1．What is the function of the first paragraph
A．To introduce the topic.
B．To show the authority of the author.
C．To attract readers’ interest.
D．All of the above.
√
2．What does the word “fiction” in this paragraph mean
A．A type of literature describing imaginary people or events，not real ones.
B．A thing that is invented or imagined and is not true.
C．A type of literature form that is similar to a novel.
D．A type of fact that is similar to truth.
√
Ⅱ.Read Para.2 carefully and do the following exercises.
1．What is the second paragraph mainly about
A．Franklin’s opinion about science.
B．The purpose and process of Franklin’s experiment.
C．People’s different opinions on lightning.
D．The role of the metal key.
2. Fill in the experiment report.
Experiment The kite lightning experiment
Aim To test if lightning was really produced by electricity.
Material ______________________________________
Procedure (First... Then... Finally...) First,___________________________________
_______________________________________.
Then, ________________________________________
_______________________________________.
Finally, _______________________________________.
Conclusion _______________________________________
A kite with a piece of string and a metal key.
Franklin flew a kite with a piece of string
tied to it and a metal key attached to the string
when a flash of lightning hit the kite, electricity
was conducted through the string to the key
touching the key, Franklin got an electric shock
Lightning was a form of electricity.
2. We can draw a conclusion that if we want to prove facts,
1. What does the third paragraph mainly tell us
A. Schools should carry out more experiments.
B. Franklin’s lightning experiment influences students much.
C. It is important to find the truth.
D. Just one generation of students is curious about Franklin.
brave
√
scientific experiment
scientific
Ⅲ.Read Para.3 carefully and do the following exercises.
√
3．What are people inspired by in Franklin’s story
A．His bravery and scientific approach.
B．The kite with a key tied to the string.
C．The stormy weather with lightning.
D．His touching the metal key.
Deep thinking
From the first three paragraphs, what do we know about the experiment
A. Only Franklin wanted to know the relation between electricity and lightning.
B. Franklin taught many children about his findings in different schools.
C. People had already known the cause of lightning before Franklin’s experiment.
D. As a scientist, Franklin was admired for his attitude to science.
√
Scientists’ view on the story and such stories
What is true
What is false
Why do scientists think so
Why do scientists question accepted ideas
Franklin’s experiment did take place. The detail about the string and the key is true.
Franklin did not touch the key.
He would certainly have died from the electric shock if he had actually touched the key.
They want to establish the facts.
1. Fill in the blanks.
Ⅳ.Read Paras. 4－5 carefully and do the following exercises.
√
2．For many years，we learn the following from the story of Franklin’s experiment EXCEPT that .
A．the method of Franklin’s experiment is safe
B．Franklin was very brave to make the experiment
C．scientific experiments are important to the truth
D．the method of Franklin’s experiment is scientific
√
3．What is the purpose of the story of Newton
A．To show the accepted story is true.
B．To show Newton was brave to bear the hit of an apple.
C．To show Newton was lucky to find the theory of gravity.
D．To show the accepted story is questioned by the scientists.
We should be _________ about everything we read or hear.
1. What is the author’s conclusion from the story
2. What is your opinion about the statement above
critical
Facts should be proved by experiments and research, and we should not always believe everything we read or hear—even if it is a great story.
Ⅴ.Read Para.6 carefully and do the following exercise.
√
3. Which of the following may the author agree with
A．To see is to believe.
B．Every extremity is a fault.
C．Books should be read with reservation.
D．Imagination is the source of creation.
1. Number the statements to show how people’s attitudes towards Franklin’s experiment have changed.
( ) Franklin’s spirit of scientific exploration is still considered an inspiration.
( ) People are amazed at and inspired by Franklin’s experiment.
( ) Scientists question what really happened in Franklin’s experiment.
3
1
2
Ⅵ.Read the whole passage again and do the following exercises.
2．What’s the author’s attitude towards Franklin’s story
A．Doubtful. B．Curious.
C．Objective. D．Not mentioned.
3．How does this passage mainly develop
A．By listing supporting details or giving examples.
B．By following the order of time.
C．By analyzing cause and effect.
D．By listing numbers and making comparisons.
√
√
4．Which is the author’s purpose in writing the passage
A．To introduce the legendary lifetime of Franklin.
B．To tell us to develop critical thinking and spirit of scientific exploration.
C．To inform us of Franklin’s scientific experiment.
D．To encourage us to learn from Franklin.
√
Introduction（Para.___）
Para.1: _______(提出）the question
Main body（Paras.___）
Para.2: ________(解释) the story
Para.3: _________(影响) of the story
Para.4: W______ to question
Para.5: W___ question
Conclusion（Para.___）
1
2-5
6
5. Complete the structure of the text in detail.
FRANKLIN’S
EXPERIMENT:
How Much Is True
Raise
Explain
Influence
hat
hy
Post-reding
1. Do you think it matters that Franklin’s experiment might not be true Why
No. Although it might not be true, we are still inspired by his spirit of scientific exploration. What really matters lies in his bravery and scientific spirit to do the experiment.
Activity 1 Discussion
2.What qualities do you think a great scientist should have
As a great scientist, he or she should have more than one good quality, such as being smart, brave, hard-working, creative, honest, objective, persistent, curious, and imaginative etc.
Sometimes a really great story may be not true, and we need to have critical thinking.
Seeing is believing(眼见为实)
Voice your opinions about this passage (Critical thinking)
Reflection
Activity 2 Summary
New research suggests that Benjamin Franklin’s famous experiment with lightning may be fiction instead 1.__ fact.
During a storm in 1752，Franklin raised a kite with a piece of string 2.____(tie) to it.A metal key was attached to the string.A flash of lightning hit the kite，and electricity 3._____________(conduct) through the string to the key.Franklin then touched the key with his finger and got an electric shock.
of
tied
was conducted
For many years，schools 4.___________(teach) the story of Franklin’s lightning experiment. 5._________, neither the story nor the details of the experiment 6.___(be) entirely true.The detail about the string and the key is true.But scientists all agree that if Franklin had 7.________(actual) touched the key，he would certainly have died from the electric shock.
Scientists often question accepted ideas because they want to establish the facts.Some have even questioned the story about the apple 8.__________ fell on Newton’s head and led him 9._______(come) up with his theory of gravity.
Admittedly，fiction is often 10.________________(interesting) than the truth.But in science，facts should be proved by experiments and research，and we should not always believe everything we read or hear—even if it is a great story.
have taught
However
are
actually
that/which
to come
more interesting
1．Franklin，along with many other scientists，has inspired us and taught us that scientific experiments are important in order to establish the truth and to contribute towards later scientific discoveries and inventions.
[句式分析] 本句是____句。句中that引导____从句；in order to establish the truth and to contribute...在从句中作____状语。
[自主翻译]
Sentences analysis
复合
宾语
目的
富兰克林与许多其他科学家一道，激励并教导我们科学实验对于推定真理与推动科学发现及发明而言都至关重要。
2．Although it has been proved that Franklin’s experiment took place，more than one scientist has questioned what really happened.
[句式分析] 本句为____句。Although引导的是________从句，其中it为________，真正的主语是that引导的____从句；在主句中，what引导____从句，且在从句中作主语。
[自主翻译]
复合
让步状语
形式主语
主语
宾语
虽然已证实富兰克林的这一实验确有其事，不少科学家还是对事实真相提出了质疑。
3．But scientists all agree that if Franklin had actually touched the key，he would certainly have died from the electric shock.
[句式分析] 本句为____句。that引导____从句，在宾语从句中，if引导与____事实相反的虚拟条件句。
[自主翻译]
复合
宾语
过去
但科学家们一致认为，如果富兰克林真的碰到了钥匙，他必定会被电死。
4．In fact，more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple，there is no proof that it hit him on the head.
[句式分析] 本句是____句。第一个that引导____从句；在宾语从句中，while引导________从句，第二个that引导______从句。
[自主翻译]
复合
宾语
让步状语
同位语
事实上，不止一处资料显示，虽然牛顿的灵感确实来源于一个掉落的苹果，但没有证据表明这个苹果恰巧砸在了他的脑袋上。
5．But in science，facts should be proved by experiments and research，and we should not always believe everything we read or hear—even if it is a great story.
[句式分析] 本句是由并列连词and连接的________句。在第二个分句中，not和always连用表示____否定；we read or hear是省略了关系代词that的____从句，修饰先行词everything；even if引导________从句。
[自主翻译]
并列复合
部分
定语
让步状语
但在科学领域，能被实验与研究所证明的东西才算作事实，我们不应全盘相信我们读到或听到的事——即使它是一个精彩的故事。
Homework
Review wat we have learnt and preview language points.
Unit 3
The world of science
Developing ideas
By the end of this period, you will be able to:
list the main idea and the basic structure of an essay;
tell the specific information about Franklin’s experiment;
express arguments by listing supporting details or giving examples;
develop the basic scientific thoughts and scientific exploring spirit.
CONTENTS
Pre-reading
I
While-reading
II
Post-reading
III
Sentences analysis
IV
Do you know the scientists and their experiments
Pre-reading
Do you know Franklin’s famous experiment
Who is Franklin
played a part in the American Revolution
He is undoubtedly important to Americans.
WHO
Read the introduction to Benjamin Franklin.
Benjamin Franklin (1706–1790) was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States and helped draft the Declaration of Independence. Apart from being a successful statesman, he was also well known as a leading American author, printer and publisher, successful diplomat, creative scientist and inventor.
Learning to learn
An essay title often contains an explicit(直截了当的) or implicit (含蓄的) question which your essay should focus on answering. For example, the title “ Franklin’s Experiment: How Much Is True ” makes it clear what question is being answered within the essay.
Let's read the passage quickly and find out what Franklin’s experiment aimed to prove.
While-reading
√
Franklin’s Experiment:
How Much Is It True
Activity 1 Fast- reading for basic information
Ⅰ. What is the text mainly about
A．The story of Franklin’s experiment is true or not.
B．The aim of Franklin’s experiment.
C．The procedure of Franklin’s experiment.
D．The effect of Franklin’s experiment.
Ⅱ. Match each paragraph with its main idea.
Para.1 A．Facts should be proved by experiments and research.
Para.2 B．The reason why scientists often question accepted ideas.
Para.3 C．The detailed procedure of Franklin’s experiment with lightning.
Para.4 D．The great effect of Franklin’s experiment on science and inventions.
Para.5 E．Neither the story nor the details of the experiment are entirely true.
Para.6 F．Benjamin Franklin’s famous experiment with lightning may be fiction.
Para(s)._____
Para(s)._____
Para(s)._____
6
Ⅲ. Please sort out this passage’s structure.
1
2-5
√
Benjamin Franklin’s famous experiment with lightning has introduced generations of children to science.However, new research suggests that the story may be fiction instead of fact.
Activity 2 Careful- reading for details
Ⅰ.Read Para.1 carefully and do the following exercises.
1．What is the function of the first paragraph
A．To introduce the topic.
B．To show the authority of the author.
C．To attract readers’ interest.
D．All of the above.
√
2．What does the word “fiction” in this paragraph mean
A．A type of literature describing imaginary people or events，not real ones.
B．A thing that is invented or imagined and is not true.
C．A type of literature form that is similar to a novel.
D．A type of fact that is similar to truth.
√
Ⅱ.Read Para.2 carefully and do the following exercises.
1．What is the second paragraph mainly about
A．Franklin’s opinion about science.
B．The purpose and process of Franklin’s experiment.
C．People’s different opinions on lightning.
D．The role of the metal key.
2. Fill in the experiment report.
Experiment The kite lightning experiment
Aim To test if lightning was really produced by electricity.
Material ______________________________________
Procedure (First... Then... Finally...) First,___________________________________
_______________________________________.
Then, ________________________________________
_______________________________________.
Finally, _______________________________________.
Conclusion _______________________________________
A kite with a piece of string and a metal key.
Franklin flew a kite with a piece of string
tied to it and a metal key attached to the string
when a flash of lightning hit the kite, electricity
was conducted through the string to the key
touching the key, Franklin got an electric shock
Lightning was a form of electricity.
2. We can draw a conclusion that if we want to prove facts,
1. What does the third paragraph mainly tell us
A. Schools should carry out more experiments.
B. Franklin’s lightning experiment influences students much.
C. It is important to find the truth.
D. Just one generation of students is curious about Franklin.
brave
√
scientific experiment
scientific
Ⅲ.Read Para.3 carefully and do the following exercises.
√
3．What are people inspired by in Franklin’s story
A．His bravery and scientific approach.
B．The kite with a key tied to the string.
C．The stormy weather with lightning.
D．His touching the metal key.
Deep thinking
From the first three paragraphs, what do we know about the experiment
A. Only Franklin wanted to know the relation between electricity and lightning.
B. Franklin taught many children about his findings in different schools.
C. People had already known the cause of lightning before Franklin’s experiment.
D. As a scientist, Franklin was admired for his attitude to science.
√
Scientists’ view on the story and such stories
What is true
What is false
Why do scientists think so
Why do scientists question accepted ideas
Franklin’s experiment did take place. The detail about the string and the key is true.
Franklin did not touch the key.
He would certainly have died from the electric shock if he had actually touched the key.
They want to establish the facts.
1. Fill in the blanks.
Ⅳ.Read Paras. 4－5 carefully and do the following exercises.
√
2．For many years，we learn the following from the story of Franklin’s experiment EXCEPT that .
A．the method of Franklin’s experiment is safe
B．Franklin was very brave to make the experiment
C．scientific experiments are important to the truth
D．the method of Franklin’s experiment is scientific
√
3．What is the purpose of the story of Newton
A．To show the accepted story is true.
B．To show Newton was brave to bear the hit of an apple.
C．To show Newton was lucky to find the theory of gravity.
D．To show the accepted story is questioned by the scientists.
We should be _________ about everything we read or hear.
1. What is the author’s conclusion from the story
2. What is your opinion about the statement above
critical
Facts should be proved by experiments and research, and we should not always believe everything we read or hear—even if it is a great story.
Ⅴ.Read Para.6 carefully and do the following exercise.
√
3. Which of the following may the author agree with
A．To see is to believe.
B．Every extremity is a fault.
C．Books should be read with reservation.
D．Imagination is the source of creation.
1. Number the statements to show how people’s attitudes towards Franklin’s experiment have changed.
( ) Franklin’s spirit of scientific exploration is still considered an inspiration.
( ) People are amazed at and inspired by Franklin’s experiment.
( ) Scientists question what really happened in Franklin’s experiment.
3
1
2
Ⅵ.Read the whole passage again and do the following exercises.
2．What’s the author’s attitude towards Franklin’s story
A．Doubtful. B．Curious.
C．Objective. D．Not mentioned.
3．How does this passage mainly develop
A．By listing supporting details or giving examples.
B．By following the order of time.
C．By analyzing cause and effect.
D．By listing numbers and making comparisons.
√
√
4．Which is the author’s purpose in writing the passage
A．To introduce the legendary lifetime of Franklin.
B．To tell us to develop critical thinking and spirit of scientific exploration.
C．To inform us of Franklin’s scientific experiment.
D．To encourage us to learn from Franklin.
√
Introduction（Para.___）
Para.1: _______(提出）the question
Main body（Paras.___）
Para.2: ________(解释) the story
Para.3: _________(影响) of the story
Para.4: W______ to question
Para.5: W___ question
Conclusion（Para.___）
1
2-5
6
5. Complete the structure of the text in detail.
FRANKLIN’S
EXPERIMENT:
How Much Is True
Raise
Explain
Influence
hat
hy
Post-reding
1. Do you think it matters that Franklin’s experiment might not be true Why
No. Although it might not be true, we are still inspired by his spirit of scientific exploration. What really matters lies in his bravery and scientific spirit to do the experiment.
Activity 1 Discussion
2.What qualities do you think a great scientist should have
As a great scientist, he or she should have more than one good quality, such as being smart, brave, hard-working, creative, honest, objective, persistent, curious, and imaginative etc.
Sometimes a really great story may be not true, and we need to have critical thinking.
Seeing is believing(眼见为实)
Voice your opinions about this passage (Critical thinking)
Reflection
Activity 2 Summary
New research suggests that Benjamin Franklin’s famous experiment with lightning may be fiction instead 1.__ fact.
During a storm in 1752，Franklin raised a kite with a piece of string 2.____(tie) to it.A metal key was attached to the string.A flash of lightning hit the kite，and electricity 3._____________(conduct) through the string to the key.Franklin then touched the key with his finger and got an electric shock.
of
tied
was conducted
For many years，schools 4.___________(teach) the story of Franklin’s lightning experiment. 5._________, neither the story nor the details of the experiment 6.___(be) entirely true.The detail about the string and the key is true.But scientists all agree that if Franklin had 7.________(actual) touched the key，he would certainly have died from the electric shock.
Scientists often question accepted ideas because they want to establish the facts.Some have even questioned the story about the apple 8.__________ fell on Newton’s head and led him 9._______(come) up with his theory of gravity.
Admittedly，fiction is often 10.________________(interesting) than the truth.But in science，facts should be proved by experiments and research，and we should not always believe everything we read or hear—even if it is a great story.
have taught
However
are
actually
that/which
to come
more interesting
1．Franklin，along with many other scientists，has inspired us and taught us that scientific experiments are important in order to establish the truth and to contribute towards later scientific discoveries and inventions.
[句式分析] 本句是____句。句中that引导____从句；in order to establish the truth and to contribute...在从句中作____状语。
[自主翻译]
Sentences analysis
复合
宾语
目的
富兰克林与许多其他科学家一道，激励并教导我们科学实验对于推定真理与推动科学发现及发明而言都至关重要。
2．Although it has been proved that Franklin’s experiment took place，more than one scientist has questioned what really happened.
[句式分析] 本句为____句。Although引导的是________从句，其中it为________，真正的主语是that引导的____从句；在主句中，what引导____从句，且在从句中作主语。
[自主翻译]
复合
让步状语
形式主语
主语
宾语
虽然已证实富兰克林的这一实验确有其事，不少科学家还是对事实真相提出了质疑。
3．But scientists all agree that if Franklin had actually touched the key，he would certainly have died from the electric shock.
[句式分析] 本句为____句。that引导____从句，在宾语从句中，if引导与____事实相反的虚拟条件句。
[自主翻译]
复合
宾语
过去
但科学家们一致认为，如果富兰克林真的碰到了钥匙，他必定会被电死。
4．In fact，more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple，there is no proof that it hit him on the head.
[句式分析] 本句是____句。第一个that引导____从句；在宾语从句中，while引导________从句，第二个that引导______从句。
[自主翻译]
复合
宾语
让步状语
同位语
事实上，不止一处资料显示，虽然牛顿的灵感确实来源于一个掉落的苹果，但没有证据表明这个苹果恰巧砸在了他的脑袋上。
5．But in science，facts should be proved by experiments and research，and we should not always believe everything we read or hear—even if it is a great story.
[句式分析] 本句是由并列连词and连接的________句。在第二个分句中，not和always连用表示____否定；we read or hear是省略了关系代词that的____从句，修饰先行词everything；even if引导________从句。
[自主翻译]
并列复合
部分
定语
让步状语
但在科学领域，能被实验与研究所证明的东西才算作事实，我们不应全盘相信我们读到或听到的事——即使它是一个精彩的故事。
Homework
Review wat we have learnt and preview language points.