专题11 阅读理解之议论文
【题型解读】
议论文往往有观点，有事实，逻辑性强，命题往往从事实的有关细节及文章的主旨或作者的表达意图等方面着手，考查我们的思维能力和判断能力。所以考生要培养根据上下文猜词的能力，或者说根据情境能揣测作者的意图。议论文的阅读同其他体裁文章的阅读理解一样，可以有主旨大意、细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测等几种出题方式。
【命题规律】
1.细节理解：细节理解题在中考阅读理解试题中所占比例最大，不过相对来说较简单，通过题干的关键词，在文中找到相关信息，仔细对比，就能得出答案。其正确选项特征为：同义替换、语言简化、正话反说等。
2.主旨大意：主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，以概括中心大意、段落大意、选择标题及判断作者写作意图等形式出现。其正确选项特征为：涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段；确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小；精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩。
3.作者观点：站在作者的角度，通过逻辑关系，研究细节，推敲作者的态度，理解文章寓意的能力；一般不出现绝对概念。
4. 词义猜测：考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某一个生词、词组或者句子含义的能力，而这些词或词组往往超出考纲范围。一般利用上下文线索、语法知识、上下文逻辑、构词法和常识等手段。
【解题技巧】
一、重视文章标题，找准全文主题句，把握文章主旨
标题往往是全文的主题，审视标题，有利于理解全文，提高解题效率。主题句对全文起提示、启迪、概括、归纳之作用。根据主题句既可以知道文章议论的是什么，也可以知道作者希望读者了解主题方面的哪些内容。议论文题材偏难，但其框架一般都很清晰，多采用总—分—总的结构，交替使用正面和反面的论证方式。通常，先总说现象或观点；其次，正面陈述、反面论证；最后作者表明自己的态度，再次总结文章。通常主题句会出现在文章的首句或句末，在这些地方要多留意表示归纳的词汇，也可以在具体事例之后或之前的表示观点的陈述句中寻找。
二、细读文章，注意文章细节理解
除主旨题外，细节理解题也是阅读理解题中的基础题，它主要考查学生对文中的具体事例、数字、时间、地点等的理解。经常出现排序题(按事情发展顺序排序)，图表题(按文章内容找出正确图形)，正误题(依据文章内容对所列的陈述进行正误判断) 。对这种题型，无论细节题如何变化形式，立足点都应是从文章中找出相应词句作为依据。虽然答案中有的细节在文中很清楚，但可能与问题无关。细节题的破解一般用寻读法，即先看试题，再读文章。对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、分析、对比，有根据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。假如问题采用的是反向思维，题中含有not或except等表示否定意义的词，则需要更加留意。此法可以加强阅读的针对性，提高做题的准确率。做此类题目还要特别注意句子的逻辑关系。
三、理解整体语篇，掌握作者意图
做推理判断题要求考生在阅读理解整体语篇的同时，对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，站在作者的视角，而不是主观臆断、凭空想象，从而走入误区。英语文章讲究使用主题段与主题句，段与段之间通常有过渡性词语连接，承上启下，使文章行文连贯。有时文章还会在时间顺序、空间顺序或逻辑推理上运用较高级的手段进行组编。要想准确、深刻地理解文章，必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握全篇的文脉，即句内、句间和段落间的修辞手段或逻辑关系。作者往往在构思语篇前会进行预先设定：读者知道什么，不知道什么，读者可能与自己共同拥有什么样的生活经验、思想见地和需求欲望等，然后设计一些隐藏在语篇深层的＂潜台词＂。因此，这类试题要求考生利用主题句进行推测，揣摩文字背后作者的意图，运用背景知识去挖掘文章的深层含义，从而正确理解作者的言外之意，同时认真体会文章的语气与感情基调。
四、多读多背，扩大词汇量，掌握猜词技巧
由于当今的阅读文章题材广泛，体裁多样，经常出现一词多义，甚至出现没学过的词汇。许多学生感到困扰很大，有的甚至烦躁得难以坚持阅读下去。要解决阅读中的生词问题，一是要扩大英语词汇量，二是要学习并掌握一些猜测生词词义的方法，如：利用同义、反义、上义、下义、词的集合、词的搭配等关系；利用照应、替代、省略、定义、举例等情境关系；利用词缀、转化、合成等构词法；利用后置定语或同位语等语法结构；利用前后对比或因果推理法等。
总之，想要提高阅读能力，尤其是对考生来说难度较大的议论文阅读，学生应能从篇章和试题双方面入手。通过观察、体验、探究等积极主动的学习方法，优化阅读理解中议论文的解题思路和方法策略，提高学生自主学习的能力。
（2024·湖北随州·一模）
①Have you ever thought about what’s more important, looking fashionable or feeling comfortable You might have noticed many people choosing style over comfort and some even go to extremes (极端) to follow fashion. But we should remember: being fashionable isn’t everything. It’s more important to be healthy.
②Some people believe that they need to be a certain size to look good. So, they start extreme diets (日常饮食) that are not good for their health. They might not eat meals or eat too little, which can make them feel sick. Is it a healthy way to live
③Also, many girls wear shoes with very high heels. They might think high heels make them look taller. But these shoes can actually hurt their feet and make it hard to walk comfortably, and it can increase risks of falls. Some even wear tight (紧的) clothes that influence blood circulation (循环), making it hard to breathe. Should we put fashion over comfort and physical health
④Besides, some boys and girls spend a lot of time and money changing their hair color. The material they use is usually harmful to their health. To make their hair straight or curly, they also use tools that are hot enough to burn their hair. But using these tools too often or at very high temperatures can make the hair dry or even burnt. Is it really worth it to risk our health, spending so much time and money
⑤So, let’s rethink what’s really important. Is it fashion or is it our well-being Clothes or hairstyles don’t tell us anything about a person’s character. Instead of spending a lot of time choosing clothes, we could use that time to do fun things with friends. And instead of following extreme diets, let’s eat properly and exercise regularly. Remember, your worth is not decided by your appearance (外貌), but by who you are as a person.
1．Why do some people go on extreme diets according to the passage
A．Because the diets are healthy. B．Because they just want to look good.
C．Because they want to save time. D．Because they want to save money.
2．What is the writer’s purpose of using a question in each paragraph
A．To ask for help from readers. B．To tell how to spend time and money.
C．To describe the latest fashion. D．To lead readers to think about the topic.
3．What does the underlined word “well-being” in Paragraph 5 mean
A．Growth. B．Health. C．Warmth. D．Wealth.
4．Which is the right structure of the passage
A． B． C． D．
5．What’s the best title for the passage
A．Beauty Around Us B．Space Dreams
C．The Value of Money D．The Animal Plant
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了当今人们为了追求时尚过一种不健康的生活方式，个人的价值不是由你的外表决定的，而是由你这个人决定的，健康的生活才是最重要的。
1．细节理解题。根据“Some people believe that they need to be a certain size to look good. So, they start extreme diets (日常饮食) that are not good for their health.”可知，因为他们只想看起来好看，故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据“It’s more important to be healthy”以及每一段的问题可知，作者提出这些问题是为了引导读者思考“健康更重要”这个主题，故选D。
3．词义猜测题。根据“Is it a healthy way to live ”、“Should we put fashion over comfort and physical health ”及“Is it really worth it to risk our health, spending so much time and money”可知，作者提出的每个观点都是围绕“健康”和“时尚”哪一个更重要，所以划线单词与health意思相近，故选B。
4．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段引出本文的主题，第二段到第四段介绍人们为了追求时尚的一些不健康的生活方式；第五段是总结，故选A。
5．最佳标题题。根据“Instead of spending a lot of time choosing clothes, we could use that time to do fun things with friends.”、“And instead of following extreme diets, let’s eat properly and exercise regularly.”以及“Remember, your worth is not decided by your appearance (外貌), but by who you are as a person.”并结合全文可知，健康的生活方式最重要，我们应该花时间和朋友做有趣的事情，我们应该合理饮食、经常锻炼，用心去感受到周围美好的人和事物，选项A“我们身边的美好事物”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选A。
（2024·河北邯郸·一模）
The Spring Festival is a time for children to receive lucky money. Do you think parents should look after their children’s lucky money Here, some middle school students are sharing their ideas.
○ Tian Yun said, “Lucky money should be kept by parents because children generally don’t have much experience with money and are likely to form the habit of splashing out.” She thinks they can’t control themselves when they see things they like. So when they graduate from high school, they can manage their money.
○ In Wang Xin’s opinion, it is too difficult for young children to manage their money wisely as there are so many distractions (干扰) outside. With a lot of money, they may be cheated by bad persons, which will make them get into troubles.
○ However, Hou Yi thinks children should be free to spend their lucky money because it’s a good chance to develop their money management skills. Children will be able to learn how to use their money properly. What parents should do is to guide them correctly.
○ When it comes to Cui Han’s idea, children should be trusted to manage their money. According to the latest Civil Code(《民法典》), 8 years old is a dividing line. That means children over 8 have the right to deal with their own money. They won’t depend on their parents too much.
6．What do the underlined words “splashing out” probably mean
A．Saving money. B．Raising money for others.
C．Lending money to others. D．Spending money like running water.
7．Match the students with their ideas and choose the right answer.
①Tian Yun ②Wang Xin ③Hou Yi ④Cui Han
a. Children may be cheated if they have a lot of money.
b. Children older than eight can manage their money.
c. Parents can guide children to spend money correctly.
d. Children can manage their money after graduation.
A．①-a; ②-d; ③-b; ④-c B．①-d; ②-a; ③-c; ④-b
C．①-d; ②-b; ③-a; ④-c D．①-a; ②-c; ③-d; ④-b
8．In which part of the magazine can you read the text
A．Health and medicine. B．Family and society.
C．Nature and environment. D．Science and technology.
【答案】6．D 7．B 8．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了几个学生关于父母是否应该保管孩子压岁钱的看法。
6．词句猜测题。根据“Lucky money should be kept by parents because children generally don’t have much experience with money and are likely to form the habit of splashing out.”可知，压岁钱应该由父母保管，因为孩子通常没有太多的金钱经验，很可能会养成……的习惯，由此可推知是乱花钱的习惯，选项D“花钱如流水”符合。故选D。
7．细节理解题。根据“So when they graduate from high school, they can manage their money.”可知所以当他们从高中毕业时，他们可以管理自己的钱。因此①与d匹配；根据“With a lot of money, they may be cheated by bad persons”可知有了很多钱，他们可能会被坏人欺骗，因此②与a搭配。与此相符的只有B选项，故选B。
8．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文是学生们关于谁保管压岁钱的看法，很有可能从家庭与社会这一种杂志会看到。故选B。
（2024·广东韶关·一模）
In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI人工智能) technology has developed rapidly and is being used in people’s life and work. From self-driving cars to smart homes to data analysis, AI is gradually changing the way we work and live. In this situation, many traditional human work can be replaced by intelligent tools. On the one hand, people are happy to have so many useful AI tools to make our work and life easier. On the other hand, people are worried that their jobs will be replaced by AI tools, and can’t find jobs to live on.
Some young people believe that with the popularization of AI translation tools, the need to learn foreign languages is greatly reduced. After all, an APP on a smartphone can translate different languages quickly, helping people who speak different languages communicate. In addition, AI tools like ChatGPT, Claude, and many other such tools or websites can help people realize all kinds of ideas, such as writing, drawing, making videos, searching for materials, and analyzing data. Most AI tools can help with writing in any language. Some teenagers think the ability to write in a foreign language or a native language is not important, as long as they can use AI tools. They no longer need to spend a lot of time learning these “fungible” skills.
However, other young people have different ideas. They believe that improving information literacy (信息素养) and the ability to control AI technology is more important in the time of AI. This includes not only basic computer skills, but also thinking and moral judgment (道德判断). Students should be prepared to live with AI, learn knowledge, use AI and even develop new AI tools.
9．AI technology is not widely used in ________.
A．self-driving cars B．smart home
C．data analysis D．emotional understanding
10．AI translation tools ________.
A．can completely replace foreign language learning
B．can translate all languages easily
C．reduces the need to learn a foreign language
D．can only help users with written translation
11．What does the underlined (划线的) word “fungible” mean
A．Replaceable. B．Repetitive. C．Useless. D．Boring.
12．Which is difficult for AI tools to replace humans
A．Data analysis. B．Writing. C．Drawing. D．Creative thinking.
13．What does the writer want to tell us
A．In the time of Al, students don’t need to learn any foreign language.
B．It's not important for people to improve writing.
C．People should learn more and master skills that cannot be replaced by AI tools.
D．Computer skills are more important than thinking and moral judgment.
【答案】9．D 10．B 11．A 12．D 13．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要是人们针对人工智能的看法。
9．细节理解题。根据“From self-driving cars to smart homes to data analysis, AI is gradually changing the way we work and live.”可知，人工智能用于自驾车、智能家庭以及数据分析中，没有用于情感理解中。故选D。
10．细节理解题。根据“After all, an APP on a smartphone can translate different languages quickly, helping people who speak different languages communicate.”可知，人工智能可以很容易翻译各种语言。故选B。
11．词义猜测题。根据“Some teenagers think the ability to write in a foreign language or a native language is not important, as long as they can use AI tools.”可知，青少年认为只要能使用人工智能工具，他们就不用花时间学习用外语或者母语写字，这项技能人工智能可以代替做。故fungible的意思是“可替换的”，和replaceable同义。故选A。
12．推理判断题。根据“This includes not only basic computer skills, but also thinking and moral judgment (道德判断).”可推知，人工智能在创造性思考这方面比较困难。故选D。
13．主旨大意题。根据“On the other hand, people are worried that their jobs will be replaced by AI tools, and can’t find jobs to live on.”以及“Students should be prepared to live with AI, learn knowledge, use AI and even develop new AI tools.”可知，作者想告诉们，我们要学会和人工智能共处，要学习一些不会被人工智能取代的技能。故选C。
（2024·河北石家庄·一模）
A growing number of people are using ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence (人工智能) program, to create books for sale. Although sales have been slow, human writers are worried that ChatGPT-created books might hurt the writing and publishing industry.
Brett Schickler is a salesman in New York. Until recently, he never imagined he could be a writer. But after learning about the ChatGPT program, Schickler found that he had a good chance.
Using the AI software, Schickler created his first book, a 30-page children’s e-book, in a few hours. He sold it online and made less than $100. While that may not sound like much, it is enough to make him want to create other books using the software.
There were over 200 e-books in Amazon’s Kindle store that say ChatGPT is a writer or co-writer. And the number is rising daily.
Some professional (专业的) writers are becoming worried about the effects that ChatGPT could have on the book publishing industry. Mary Rasenberger is the leader of a writer’s group. She said, “This is something we really need to be worried about—these books will be full of the market and a lot of writers are going to be out of work. ”
14．What will do harm to the writing and publishing industry
A．The Internet. B．Human writers.
C．ChatGPT-created books. D．the AI software.
15．Which of the following is TRUE about Brett Schickler
A．He is a professional great writer now.
B．He didn’t spend much time in creating his first book.
C．He dreamed of being a writer when he was young.
D．He made a lot of money from his first book.
16．What job does Schickler do
A．A salesman. B．A teacher. C．An engineer. D．A professional writer.
17．What is the main idea of the passage
A．More and more e-books will be written by AI.
B．ChatGPT has made reading much easier.
C．More people are taking writing as a career.
D．AI influences the writing and publishing industry.
【答案】14．C 15．B 16．A 17．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了现在越来越多的人利用ChatGPT创作书籍，而这些由人工智能创作的书籍不断涌入市场，引起了一些人对图书行业及作家生存的担忧。
14．细节理解题。根据“human writers are worried that ChatGPT-created books might hurt the writing and publishing industry.”可知，人类作家担心ChatGPT创作的书籍可能会损害写作和出版行业，故选C。
15．细节理解题。根据“Using the AI software, Schickler created his first book, a 30-page children’s e-book, in a few hours.”可知，使用人工智能软件，Schickler在几个小时内创作了他的第一本书，即创作第一本书没有花很多时间，B项表述正确，故选B。
16．细节理解题。根据“Brett Schickler is a salesman in New York”可知，他是一名推销员，故选A。
17．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了现在越来越多的人利用ChatGPT创作书籍，而这些由人工智能创作的书籍不断涌入市场，引起了一些人对图书行业及作家生存的担忧，也就是人工智能对写作和出版业的影响。故选D。
（2024·江苏宿迁·一模）
Computer scientist Mary has an idea for a new robot to help her work with children. How should it look The robot should have arms to be able to lift things. And if it is going to communicate with people, it will also need a face. Scientists believe that giving a robot a face can make it seem more friendly. Humans would also like to pay more attention to robots with faces. But what kind
For Mary, she wants to make sure that her new robot doesn’t look too much like a human. She wants people to just treat it as a machine-person. If it looks more like a human than a machine, she thinks users might find it a bit creepy and feel afraid. Mary also believes that robot faces don’t need to look a lot like ours. Her research shows that we can enjoy communicating with robots whether or not they look like humans, because our brains are able to look for faces. Just put two circles on top of a robot’s body, and we will see a face.
Dave feels differently. He believes that although at first we might be afraid when seeing a robot with a lifelike face, we may soon get used to it. If robots are going to work closely with humans, they should look as much like us as possible. After all, faces are an important part of the way we communicate.
To make his robots look as much like real people as possible, Dave invented a special skin (皮肤) for their faces. With this skin, robots can show human-like expressions and appear to be angry, sad, happy or surprised. Dave’s robots are also programmed to copy expressions. How Just imagine his robot is looking at you. The cameras in its eyes send pictures of your face to its central computer!
18．Why do scientists think a robot needs a face
A．It will become more beautiful. B．It can do better in lifting things.
C．It will pay more attention to children. D．It can better communicate with people.
19．What does the underlined word “creepy” mean in paragraph 2
A．Uncomfortable to look at. B．Impossible to touch.
C．Boring to talk to. D．Difficult to understand.
20．Which of the following would Dave most probably agree with
A．People should treat robots as humans.
B．Robots need to express their own feelings.
C．Robots shouldn’t look too much like humans.
D．People can easily accept robots with a human face.
21．What is the purpose of the passage
A．To explain the reasons why robots should have faces.
B．To suggest what humans can do with robots with faces.
C．To share ideas on what kind of faces robots should have.
D．To show how scientists invent robots with different faces.
【答案】18．D 19．A 20．D 21．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍两个人对机器人是否要有人形脸持有的不同看法。
18．细节理解题。根据“And if it is going to communicate with people, it will also need a face. ”可知，机器人要与人交流，故需要脸。故选D。
19．词句猜测题。根据“If it looks more like a human than a machine, she thinks users might find it a bit creepy and feel afraid.”可知，划线词与“feel afraid”并列，由此可猜测creepy意为“看着不舒服”。故选A。
20．细节理解题。根据“He believes that although at first we might be afraid when seeing a robot with a lifelike face, we may soon get used to it.”可知，尽管机器人有人形脸可能一开始看起来令人害怕，但是我们会很快适应，说明人们能轻松地接受人形脸的机器人。故选D。
21．主旨大意题。根据“Computer scientist Mary has an idea for a new robot to help her work with children. How should it look ”和全文可知，本文主要讨论机器人需要什么脸型。故选C。
（2023·浙江湖州·中考真题）
①Chinese calligraphy (书法) was once considered an important part of the school curriculum (课程). However, for many reasons, some people think it’s less important to teach this art form at school now. In this article, I will look at both the pros and cons of learning Chinese calligraphy at school.
②One reason why Chinese calligraphy should be learned at school is that it is an important form of culture expression. Clearly, it is not just about practicing handwriting. It is also about connecting with a traditional Chinese art form. When students learn this art in class, they will become more interested in the works of famous Chinese artists.
③Another reason is that it may help students to develop patience. At the times of high technology, students are getting less patient for traditional classroom learning. By introducing Chinese calligraphy into the classroom, students’ patience can be improved because they have to practice focusing on each brush movement.
④From the above, it can be seen that there are clear advantages. However, others think there are some disadvantages. The first one is that it has little to do with students’ life. Living in a modern age, pens and paper will lose their importance by and by. So, wouldn’t it be a backward (倒退的) step if students were asked to spend their valuable time at school learning Chinese calligraphy
⑤The second argument against learning Chinese calligraphy at school is that it takes a long time to master. The time at school is better spent on more important subjects. After all, learning Chinese calligraphy can always be done as an after-school activity if students are really interested in it.
⑥In my opinion, the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages. This special art form is one of China’s national treasures. It also helps to enrich students’ life and improve their sense of beauty. So without doubt, it is worth being included in the school curriculum.
22．Which of the following is the structure of the passage
A． B．
C． D．
23．What can we learn from the passage
A．High technology can help students become more patient.
B．Students should spend more time on after-school activities.
C．Learning Chinese calligraphy gets more popular in the modern age.
D．Students may like art works better after learning Chinese calligraphy.
24．What does the writer probably think of learning Chinese calligraphy
A．Important and necessary. B．Valuable but backward.
C．Popular and interesting. D．Meaningful but boring.
【答案】22．C 23．D 24．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了在学校学习中国书法的利弊。
22．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段引出本文主题；第二段和第三段主要分析了在学校学习书法的原因，第四段和第五段介绍了学习书法的弊端；最后一段作者发表了自己的看法。故选C。
23．推理判断题。根据“When students learn this art in class, they will become more interested in the works of famous Chinese artists.”可知，学习中国书法后，学生可能会更喜欢艺术作品。故选D。
24．推理判断题。根据“This special art form is one of China’s national treasures. It also helps to enrich students’ life and improve their sense of beauty. So without doubt, it is worth being included in the school curriculum”可知，作者认为这种特殊的艺术形式是中国的国宝之一。这也有助于丰富学生的生活，提高他们的美感。因此，毫无疑问，它值得被纳入学校课程，由此可知作者认为它既重要也是很有必要。故选A。
（2024·湖南娄底·一模）
Do Kids Need Homework
School is a big part of life, not just for kids but for their families. There are many reports and discussions about what’s best for students. Everyone has their own opinions. And they don’t always agree.
Do kids need homework It depends. Some readers from a famous magazine, think that the extra (额外的) work reviews what they have learnt in class. And it also helps teachers find where students need more help. Others say homework adds to students’ stress and takes time away from exercise or learning something new. In order to know what kind of homework kids should do and how much kids need, the magazine interviewed several kids.
Karen, 9
Kids need homework. When they learn something new in school, reviewing it at home helps them remember it. Our homework gives our teachers valuable information. It tells them how much students are paying attention in class and who needs extra help.
Michael, 9
In my opinion, giving students homework is a bad idea. After school kids need experiences that build a healthy mind and body. Homework is not supposed to stress kids out. When there is too much homework, students do poorly in homework. In fact, doing homework poorly is worse than doing no homework. As long as students are working hard in class, it’s best not to give them extra work.
Robert, 8
Kids need homework. But that depends. Middle and high school students can do more homework. At my school, primary students get homework, but not too much. My teacher might ask us to learn spelling words at home, and each week we’ll be given a test.
Susan, 11
Kids don’t need homework. They’re learning for six hours a day at school. Adding another hour of work for kids to do at home is just having them repeat what they’ve been doing all day. Besides, homework takes time away from activities like team sports. These are just as important as schoolwork, because they keep kids active.
25．What did the magazine do about homework
A．It had a discussion. B．It did a report. C．It made an interview.
26．What will happen when homework is too much according to Michael
A．Students will do no homework.
B．Students will do homework poorly.
C．Students will build a healthy mind and body.
27．What is Robert’s opinion about homework
A．Primary students don’t need to do homework.
B．High school students can do more homework.
C．Homework just repeats what is learned in class.
28．What does “These” refer to (指代) in the last paragraph
A．Kids. B．Subjects. C．Activities like team sports.
【答案】25．C 26．B 27．B 28．C
【导语】本文是关于“家庭作业”这个话题，对几位学生的采访。
25．细节理解题。根据“In order to know what kind of homework kids should do and how much kids need, the magazine interviewed several kids.”可知，关于“家庭作业”，杂志做了一个采访。故选C。
26．细节理解题。根据“When there is too much homework, students do poorly in homework.”可知，学生作业太多时，作业会做得很差。故选B。
27．细节理解题。根据“Middle and high school students can do more homework.”可知，中学生和高中生可以做更多的家庭作业。故选B。
28．代词指代题。根据“Besides, homework takes time away from activities like team sports. These are just as important as schoolwork, because they keep kids active.”可知，家庭作业会占用团队运动等活动的时间，团队运动等活动和作业是同等重要的。划线部分“These”指代前文“activities like team sports”。故选C。
（2024·河北石家庄·一模）
Three young people told us their ideas about visiting museums.
Chris I prefer museums where they move things round regularly, and bring in new things to keep it interesting. I also like to have things to listen to as well as look at. I suppose I like museums because I’m really interested in history and art. We study these subjects at school but I’ve actually found out a lot more about them from museums than from my textbooks.
Emily There are lots of great museums for me to visit in my city. You should never try to see a whole museum the first time you go. Just go to one or two rooms, and then return as often as you can to see the rest. For me, it’s important that the people who work in the museum are pleasant, and happy to talk to me about the things on show.
Daniel I don’t go to museums much, except during my holidays in new cities. Then I make sure I spend at least a day going to the most famous ones. If it’s a big museum and I don’t have much time, I sometimes walk into a room and choose just five things to look at. I also take a tour if there is one, as I learn so much more from listening to the person showing us around than I do if I’m by myself.
29．Why does Chris like museums
A．He wants to move around. B．He likes new things.
C．He likes reading textbooks. D．He enjoys history and art.
30．What does Emily think is important in a museum
A．There are things to listen to and look at.
B．People working there are friendly.
C．There are new things on show.
D．Someone can show her around.
31．What does Daniel do if he doesn’t have time to see the whole museum
A．Go to one or two rooms first. B．Choose to look at just five things.
C．Return to see it next time. D．Visit the museum by himself.
【答案】29．D 30．B 31．B
【导语】本文是三个人分享了对参观博物馆的看法。
29．细节理解题。根据“because I’m really interested in history and art”可知，因为他对历史和艺术感兴趣，故选D。
30．细节理解题。根据“For me, it’s important that the people who work in the museum are pleasant, and happy to talk to me about the things on show.”可知，重要的是在博物馆工作的人是愉快的，并且乐于谈论展出的东西，故选B。
31．细节理解题。根据“If it’s a big museum and I don’t have much time, I sometimes walk into a room and choose just five things to look at.”可知，如果没有太多时间，会走进一个房间，只选择五件东西来看，故选B。
（2023·江苏淮安·中考真题）
Most of us cannot imagine modern life without social media(社交媒体). We use it almost every day in order to keep up with what is happening in our friends’ lives, or find out the latest information. Although it has a bad influence if we don’t use it properly, social media has done more good than harm.
The greatest advantage is that we can connect with people much more easily. We are still able to keep in touch with our friends if they are far away. With social media, friendship goes beyond geography. We are able to find friends old and new. Also, it makes it easier for us to make friends, especially for those who are afraid of making friends face to face. Are you shy If yes, social media has probably helped.
Social media is also ideal for making yourself heard. Anyone with a voice can express it. Anyone with a talent is free to show it. Everyone is the new content creator. Moreover, anyone with a smartphone and the Internet can be a reporter. As a result, it has become much faster to cover the news than ever before.
Social media, on the other hand, can make us less confident sometimes. A 2021 study published by the Public Library of Science, found that the more a person uses social media, the sadder he feels about his own life. One reason for this is that people around us put colourful information and perfect pictures online in order to show off their best moment. So we often get a distorted sense of how wonderful their lives are compared to our own.
Social media does not cause sadness; it simply provides another tool for us to use. Is it good or bad Nobel Peace Prize winner Malala Yousafzai says, “What is interesting is the power and influence of social media ... We must try to use social media in a good way.” After all, you decide how you use this powerful tool.
32．What is the greatest advantage of social media according to the passage
A．Expressing our voices freely. B．Showing our talents to others.
C．Recording the best side of our life. D．Connecting with people more easily.
33．What does the word “distorted” probably mean in Paragraph 4
A．clear B．different C．incorrect D．simple
34．Which picture shows the structure(结构) of the passage (①=Paragraph 1, ...)
A． B．
C． D．
35．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage
A．Social Media: Our Friend Or Enemy B．Social Media: To Use Or Not To Use
C．Social Media: Connecting The World D．Social Media: Making Yourself Heard
【答案】32．D 33．C 34．B 35．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了社交媒体的利弊。
32．细节理解题。根据“The greatest advantage is that we can connect with people much more easily.”可知最大的优点是我们可以更容易地与人联系。故选D。
33．词义猜测题。根据“One reason for this is that people around us put colourful information and perfect pictures online in order to show off their best moment. So we often get a distorted sense of how wonderful their lives are compared to our own.”可知我们周围的人把丰富多彩的信息和完美的图片放在网上，以展示他们最美好的时刻，因此，我们经常会有不正确的感觉，与我们自己的生活相比，他们的生活是多么美好，故此处划线部分意为“不正确的”，和incorrect意义相近。故选C。
34．篇章结构题。本文第一段引出话题；第二第三段介绍了社交媒体的好处；第四段介绍了社交媒体的弊端；第五段进行了总结，选项B符合文章结构。故选B。
35．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了社交媒体的利弊，以选项A“社交媒体：我们的朋友还是敌人？”为标题最合适。故选A。
（2023·湖南长沙·中考真题）
It is commonly believed that children are too young to fully appreciate (欣赏) the experience and knowledge of their elders, while many think that old people don’t understand the young. But actually (事实上), both groups have a lot to learn from each other.
James Smith runs the Smith’s Care Home in my city. It is mainly an organization (机构) for serving the elderly. But not all of its visitors are old people. The home also includes a childcare center for pre-school kids. There is a playground in the care home, where the elderly can play with the kids. In this way, they can learn more about each other, and respect (尊重) and understand one another.
I suppose this is quite an interesting idea. For one thing, we live in a world where there are more and more old people. The world is facing this problem and its population ages. It will be important for young people to be able to understand and care for the elderly in the coming years.
Regretfully, my own grandparents weren’t around when I was little, as they had already passed away. I never got to learn what the world was like through their eyes, or what kinds of problems they might have faced when they were my age. To me, their lives will always be a mystery — hard to understand or explain.
However, I think I can still learn from other people of older generations (辈). I might find some of their ideas out of date, and they might believe that my generation’s way of thinking is strange or incorrect. But we can still learn from each other anyway.
36．What is special about the Smith’s Care Home
A．It is only a childcare center actually.
B．The elderly look after kids carefully there.
C．It accepts both the elderly and pre-school kids.
37．In the writer’s opinion (观点),what problem is the world facing
A．There are more and more old people.
B．The world’s population is dropping rapidly.
C．The world is short of care homes for old people.
38．What does the underlined word “mystery” mean in Paragraph 4
A．笑话 B．悲剧 C．谜团
39．How does the writer develop his/her idea in this text
A．By giving examples. B．By listing numbers. C．By raising questions.
40．What is the main purpose of the text
A．To explain why the world’s population ages.
B．To encourage different generations to learn from each other.
C．To show that older generations’ ways of thinking are incorrect.
【答案】36．C 37．A 38．C 39．A 40．B
【导语】本文介绍人们常说老年人不理解年轻人，而许多人认为孩子太小，不能充分理解老年人的智慧。但事实上，这两个群体都有很多可以互相学习的地方。
36．细节理解题。根据“James Smith runs the Smith’s Care Home in my city. It is mainly an organization (机构) for serving the elderly. But not all of its visitors are old people. The home also includes a childcare center for pre-school kids.”可知，这个机构服务的不止是老年人而且还有孩子，这是它的特殊之处。故选C。
37．细节理解题。根据“For one thing, we live in a world where there are more and more old people. The world is facing this problem and its population ages.”可知，我们生活在一个老年人越来越多的世界，世界正面临着这个问题和人口老龄化。故选A。
38．词句猜测题。分析“To me, their lives will always be a mystery — hard to understand or explain.”可知，难以理解或解释，所以是一个谜团，故选C。
39．细节理解题。根据文章内容，尤其是第二段和第四段内容可知，作者通过举例来发展自己的观点，故选A。
40．主旨大意题。本文主要想表明老年人和年轻人这两个群体都有很多可以互相学习的地方，故选B。
（2023·四川眉山·中考真题）
Do you like to travel alone Or do you think it’s better to travel with friends If you’re still deciding, please read on. I will explain the advantages of both ways.
One of the great things about traveling alone is that you make the rules about where you go and what you eat. You’ll be surprised at what you discover about yourself without any influence.
Traveling alone really shows you what you’re made of and helps you to discover inner strength (内心的力量) you didn’t know you had. Besides, it also gives you time to think, learn and grow. When your eyes are wide open, you’ll get a whole new outlook on the world.
It’s easy to think that traveling alone is lonely. Although that may sometimes be true, you’re hardly ever alone. When you travel in a one-person team, this can provide a chance for you to enjoy the most interesting part of travel—communicating with the locals and meeting travelers from all corners of the world.
In fact, traveling to know more about the world is not easy. There’s research to be done, flights to be booked and choices to be made, not to mention that things can—and often do—go wrong. One of the main advantages of traveling with friends is being able to share these things and support each other through the process, even if it’s just someone who will wait with your bag when you go to the bathroom.
Just as your mother always says, it’s true that traveling with others can give you a sense of safety, especially if you’re new to travel. You know that if you get lost or have your wallet stolen, there’s someone to hold your hand when you try to explain your situation in a foreign police station.
There’s no right or wrong way to travel. Whether you travel alone or team up with friends, it depends on you.
41．How does the writer introduce the topic of the passage in Paragraph 1
A．By telling a story. B．By giving examples.
C．By asking questions. D．By describing a scene.
42．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A．Traveling alone. B．Inner strength.
C．Outside influence. D．Traveling with others.
43．Traveling with friends has the following advantages EXCEPT ________.
A．sharing a lot of things B．knowing yourself better
C．getting support easily D．having a sense of safety
44．What’s the structure of the passage
(①=Paragraph 1 ②=Paragraph 2… )
B．
C． D．
【答案】41．C 42．A 43．B 44．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了独自旅行以及和朋友旅行的优点。
41．细节理解题。根据“Do you like to travel alone Or do you think it’s better to travel with friends ”可知作者通过两个问题引出本文的话题。故选C。
42．词义猜测题。根据“Traveling alone really shows you what you’re made of and helps you to discover inner strength (内心的力量) you didn’t know you had. Besides, it also gives you time to think”可知独自旅行真的向你展示了自己的实力，并帮助你发现内心的力量，它也给你思考、学习和成长的时间，故此处it指代“独自旅行”。故选A。
43．细节理解题。根据“One of the main advantages of traveling with friends is being able to share these things and support each other through the process”可知与朋友一起旅行的主要优势之一是能够分享这些东西，并在整个过程中相互支持；根据“it’s true that traveling with others can give you a sense of safety”可知与他人一起旅行确实能给你一种安全感。故选B。
44．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段引出文章的主题；第二至第四段介绍独自旅行的优点；第五至第六段介绍和朋友旅行的优点；第七段进行总结。故选A。
（2023·浙江·中考真题）
Roger Federer, a world-famous sports star, quit(放弃) the 2020 Olympic Games to deal with his knee problem. It was a hard decision because no one wanted to be a quitter. But finding the courage to let go can be good for you.
Nothing is fun all the time. Sticking at something difficult teaches us important skills like perseverance(毅力). However, learning to let go when things aren’t right is important too. Maybe your heart isn’t in playing the piano any more, or you only play football because your friends do and you want to try a different sport instead. Making the decision to walk away can free up time and energy to spend on something you really enjoy. In fact, studies show that letting go of goals you can’t reach, or don’t really want, can build up your confidence and help you lead a happier and healthier life.
But how can you know it’s time to stop and move on Eric Bean is an expert in sports psychology(心理学) who helps athletes and teams understand their feelings. He says, “Quitting is never a matter of black and white.” He suggests thinking carefully about why you aren’t enjoying something any more. Is it because you’ve argued with a teammate or can’t get on with a new art teacher Talk about this with a trusted adult or friend. That can help you decide whether you should stay and stick, or quit and move on.
Quitting doesn’t have to mean totally giving up, though. For example, playing an instrument might be more fun if you take away the pressure of exams. If you do decide to give up an activity, Bean suggests picking up another where you can still enjoy things like teamwork, creativity, and exercise.
45．The writer mentions “Roger Federer” in Paragraph 1 to show that ________.
A．we should never give up B．we should get away from trouble
C．it’s all right to stop and quit D．it’s difficult to win Olympic medals
46．According to Paragraph 2, learning to let go is important because we can ________.
A．learn about perseverance B．have enough money to spend
C．live a busier and fuller life D．feel more confident in ourselves
47．By saying the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3, Eric Bean means that ________.
A．it’s not good to stick at things we don’t like
B．we should think twice before quitting an activity
C．we don’t have to take exams to show our true abilities
D．it’s wiser to pick up a new hobby than to keep the old one
48．Which could be the best title for the passage
A．Knowing When to Stop B．Working Hard to Move on
C．Learning How to Grow up D．Starting Early to Make Changes
【答案】45．C 46．D 47．B 48．A
【导语】本文主要讲述了人们应该知道何时停止。
45．推理判断题。根据“But finding the courage to let go can be good for you.”以及“In fact, studies show that letting go of goals you can’t reach, or don’t really want, can build up your confidence and help you lead a happier and healthier life.”可知，以“Roger Federer”为例是为了说明有时放弃也是好的，故选C。
46．细节理解题。根据“In fact, studies show that letting go of goals you can’t reach, or don’t really want, can build up your confidence and help you lead a happier and healthier life.”可知，放弃你无法达到的目标，或者你不想要的目标，可以建立你的信心，帮助你过上更快乐、更健康的生活。故选D。
47．词句猜测题。根据“He suggests thinking carefully about why you aren’t enjoying something any more.”可知，他建议仔细思考为什么不再享受某件事，也就是建议人们三思而行，故选B。
48．最佳标题题。根据“Quitting doesn’t have to mean totally giving up, though.”和“But how can you know it’s time to stop and move on ”可知，本文主要讲述了人们应该知道何时停止，故选A。
（2023·四川成都·中考真题）
Host: As we know, the British have been sending cards since the 19th century. They spend about 1,700,000,000 pounds on cards every year. However, the number of people sending cards and letters is falling. More than 30 percent of UK children have never sent or received a handwritten letter. Should the tradition of sending cards and letters be stopped
Group A: We live in a fast-developing world and using snail mail is unnecessary. Making paper uses lots of energy and some cards are hard to recycle. It’s bad for environment. What’s more, cards are expensive to buy and so is posting. Nowadays, we usually use our phones and computers because they are quick, easy and free. Traditional cards and letters are out of date. They are not young people’s cup of tea. It’s no surprise that most of them end up as litter. Group B:The tradition has been around for hundreds of years and should stay. Sending a handwritten letter or carefully chosen card shows that you care. Phone messages and emails are quick and easy, but they seem to carry less feeling. Sending letters is good for children because it is a chance to practice writing skills. Also, it’s fun! Receiving post makes you feel special and it’s important if someone lives far away or is lonely—just imagine a birthday without cards!
49．What’s the discussion mainly about
A．When the British send cards and letters.
B．Whether the British should keep the tradition.
C．Why the British like sending cards and letters.
50．Who thinks it’s necessary to keep the tradition
A．The host. B．Group A． C．Group B．
51．Which picture can show the meaning of the underlined word snail
A． B． C．
52．What does Group A think of sending cards
A．Free but slow. B．Fast but expensive. C．Wasteful and expensive.
53．Which of the following facts directly caused the discussion
A．People have different opinions.
B．Fewer British people send cards and letters.
C．The British spend too much money on cards and letters.
【答案】49．B 50．C 51．A 52．C 53．B
【导语】本文在讨论英国人是否应该保留寄卡片和信件这一传统。
49．主旨大意题。根据“As we know, the British have been sending cards since the 19th century...Should the tradition of sending cards and letters be stopped ”可知本文在讨论英国人是否应该保留寄卡片和信件这一传统。故选B。
50．细节理解题。根据Group B“The tradition has been around for hundreds of years and should stay”可知B组认为有必要保持传统。故选C。
51．细节理解题。根据“We live in a fast-developing world and using snail mail is unnecessary.”可知我们生活在一个快速发展的世界。所以此处表示的是和“快速发展”含义相反，结合图片可知，蜗牛移动速度很慢，符合题意，故选A。
52．细节理解题。根据“Making paper uses lots of energy and some cards are hard to recycle. It’s bad for environment. What’s more, cards are expensive to buy and so is posting. Nowadays, we usually use our phones and computers because they are quick, easy and free.”可知A组认为寄卡片既浪费又昂贵。故选C。
53．推理判断题。根据全文可知本文在讨论英国人是否应该保留寄卡片和信件这一传统，B选项“更少的英国人寄卡片和信件”可以直接引起文章的讨论，故选B。
（2022·江苏盐城·中考真题）
One teacher praises a student by saying “You’re so smart!” Another teacher says, “You must have worked really hard at this!” Which student does better in school Studies show that students who hear the words of the second teacher will do better. Those students are learning that their effort is important.
Psychologists（心理学家）looked at what students did after they were given different types of praise. Some students were told that they were good at a task. They didn’t try very hard the next time. Other students were told that they had worked hard at a task. They worked even harder the next time. The first group of students was learning that they had a set amount of skill. They didn’t think they could do any better. This is called a fixed mindset（思维模式）. The second group was learning that they could do better if they kept trying. This is called a growth mindset. People who have a growth mindset believe that the brain can grow; people can do better and learn new skills. If they work hard, they can be successful.
How can teachers and parents help students succeed They can focus mainly on effort and not simply on ability. When students succeed, teachers and parents should praise the actual work rather than intelligence（智力）or talent. When students fail, they should be told how they can do better. Teachers, parents and students need to value effort, not intelligence.
Beliefs of Fixed and Growth Mindsets
Fixed Mindset Growth Mindset
Things you’re born with that cannot change Things you can grow and improve with hard work
Something to avoid—could show lack of skill Something important—leads to success
Things to avoid—in case you aren’t good enough Things that help you learn
54．What kind of people have fewer chances to succeed according to the article
A．People with a growth mindset. B．People with a fixed mindset.
C．People who often learn from challenges. D．People who often learn from mistakes.
55．From the form we can know people with a growth mindset consider challenges as ________.
A．things they’re born with B．things they need to avoid
C．things that help them learn D．things that stop them improving
56．How does the writer organize the ideas in the article
A．By telling stories. B．By listing numbers.
C．By drawing mind maps. D．By comparing facts.
【答案】54．B 55．C 56．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，介绍了固定型思维和成长型思维的区别，告诉我们应该更注重后天努力，而不是与生俱来的智力才能。
54．推理判断题。根据“Some students were told that they were good at a task. They didn’t try very hard the next time”及“The first group of students was learning that they had a set amount of skill. They didn’t think they could do any better. This is called a fixed mindset（思维模式）.”可知，文章介绍了拥有固定型思维模式的学生在面对一项任务时，如果受到了夸赞表扬，那么下一次他们就不会再继续努力了，故可推知拥有固定型思维的人获得成功的机会较小。故选B。
55．推理判断题。根据表格最后一行Challenges中“Things that help you learn”可知，拥有成长型思维的人会把挑战视为可以帮助他们学习的事情。故选C。
56．推理判断题。根据第二段“Psychologists（心理学家）looked at what students did after they were given different types of praise. Some students were told that they were good at a task. They didn’t try very hard the next time. Other students were told that they had worked hard at a task. They worked even harder the next time.”可知，文章第二段介绍了两组不同的学生在接受不同表扬后的行为表现，说明了固定型思维和成长型思维的不同；故文章通过对比事实来组织文章中心思想。故选D。
（2022·四川绵阳·中考真题）
Do you compare yourself to other people Perhaps your best friend receives something you really want, or you’re not allowed to go to a concert but your brother or sister is. Even though comparisons are common and can sometimes be helpful, focusing(专注) on your own progress is important for your happiness.
“We often compare ourselves to others who are doing better or not as well as ourselves.” says Dr. Jack. “But I suggest comparing yourself to your past self and your future self. This can make you feel proud of what you’ve achieved and excited about what you might do. Focusing on your own purposes is more worthwhile than always trying to come out on top.”
Comparing yourself to those around you is natural and we often do it without realizing it. It can help us to be clear about our achievements and to form friendships with new people who have similar interests. However, it’s important to remember that nobody is perfect in real life. It’s also important to take note of how the comparison is making you feel. “If you begin to feel quite low, focus on your own strengths.” says Jack. In other words, you can ask yourself questions like “What can I do well in ”, which can help you trust yourself.
Maybe here you are wondering “What if all my friends are better than me ”. Dr. White says that jealousy(妒忌) is not bad but focusing on bettering your own work can help you feel just as successful. He also mentions that learning to celebrate your friends’ success can not only help to cheer your friends up but also help you feel good. It will encourage you to build each other up.
57．What does the writer tell us in Paragraph 1
A．We should compare with others. B．We should share things with brothers.
C．We should enjoy concerts with sisters. D．We should focus on our own progress.
58．Why should you compare yourself to your past self
A．To care about others. B．To change your purposes.
C．To increase your excitement. D．To be proud of your achievements.
59．What does the underlined phrase “your own strengths” probably mean in Paragraph 3
A．what you’re good at B．what you’ve understood
C．what you’re crazy about D．what you’ve experienced
60．What does Dr. White suggest
A．Trusting your friends. B．Cheering on tiny success.
C．Celebrating others’ success. D．Forming a deep friendship.
61．What would be the best title for the passage
A．Plan Your Own Future B．Enjoy Your Own Happiness
C．Run Your Own Race D．Follow Your Own Dream
【答案】57．D 58．D 59．A 60．C 61．C
【导语】本文建议我们不要与别人比较，要专注于自己。
57．细节理解题。根据“Even though comparisons are common and can sometimes be helpful, focusing on your own progress is important for your happiness.”可知，尽管比较很常见，有时也有帮助，但关注自己的进步对你的快乐很重要。故选D。
58．细节理解题。根据“But I suggest comparing yourself to your past self and your future self. This can make you feel proud of what you’ve achieved and excited about what you might do.”可知，把自己和过去的自己进行比较，会让你对自己所取得的成就感到自豪。故选D。
59．词句猜测题。分析“‘If you begin to feel quite low, focus on your own strengths.’ says Jack. In other words, you can ask yourself questions like ‘What can I do well in ’, which can help you trust yourself.”可知，如果你开始感觉很低落，关注自己的优势，找到自己的优势，可以帮助你信任自己。your own strengths指的是优势。故选A。
60．细节理解题。根据“He also mentions that learning to celebrate your friends’ success can not only help to cheer your friends up but also help you feel good. It will encourage you to build each other up.”可知，怀特博士建议学会庆祝朋友的成功不仅能让你的朋友高兴起来，也能让你感觉良好，它会鼓励你们互相帮助。故选C。
61．最佳标题题。本文建议我们不要与别人比较，要专注于自己。选项C“走自己的路”符合主题。故选C。
（2022·湖北黄石·中考真题）
阅读材料，选择最佳选项。
Nowadays, experts call on high school students to read as many literary classics (文学名著) as possible. What do you think of it
Linda: We don’t have enough life experiences, so we may have difficulty understanding the deeper classics. But this shouldn’t be a reason to give up reading classics. As Francis Bacon said, “Reading makes a full man; conference (谈话) a ready man; and writing an exact man.”
Curry: Classics are the treasures our ancestors left us. We should read them and pass them down. As the old Chinese saying goes, “One who is filled with knowledge always behaves well.” Classics can open up our minds and develop our interest in culture.
Frank: Without background and life experiences, students can’t understand what writers want to express in their classics. While reading, some students mainly pay attention to words and expressions rather than the hidden ideas. For this reason, reading classics might be a waste of time.
Mary: On the one hand, not all classics are suitable (合适的) for all students, as there are many difficult expressions and deep ideas. On the other hand, the special writing styles make it difficult for students to understand. So they won’t probably choose them.
62．Who agrees with the idea of reading literary classics
A．Linda & Curry. B．Linda & Mary. C．Curry & Frank. D．Frank & Mary.
63．What does Curry think of literary classics
A．They improve students’ reading skills. B．They develop students’ interest in culture.
C．They help students learn more words. D．They can change students’ personalities (个性).
64．Frank thinks classics are not worth reading because ________.
A．the writers live in different countries
B．students prefer to read about life experiences
C．students might pay more attention to words and expressions
D．students might not understand the writing styles
65．Both Linda and Curry explain their ideas by ________.
A．listing examples B．showing numbers
C．giving quotes (引语) D．making comparisons (对比)
66．What does the passage talk about
A．Why literary classics become popular in high schools.
B．Whether high school students should read literary classics.
C．Why high school students should read literary classics.
D．How high schools should help students improve reading skills.
【答案】62．A 63．B 64．C 65．C 66．B
【导语】本文主要谈论了高中生是否应该读文学名著。四个人给出他们各自的观点。
62．细节理解题。根据“Linda: We don’t have enough life experiences, so we may have difficulty understanding the deeper classics. But this shouldn’t be a reason to give up reading classics.”（Linda：我们没有足够的生活经验，所以我们可能难以理解更深层次的经典。但这不应该成为放弃阅读经典的理由。）以及“Curry: Classics are the treasures our ancestors left us. We should read them and pass them down. ”（Curry：经典是我们祖先留给我们的财富。我们应该阅读它们并将其传下去。）可知Linda和Curry同意阅读文学名著，故选A。
63．细节理解题。根据“Classics can open up our minds and develop our interest in culture.”可知Curry认为经典培养学生对文化的兴趣。故选B。
64．细节理解题。根据“Without background and life experiences, students can’t understand what writers want to express in their classics. While reading, some students mainly pay attention to words and expressions rather than the hidden ideas. For this reason, reading classics might be a waste of time.”（没有背景和生活经历，学生们无法理解作家想要在他们的经典作品中表达什么。在阅读时，一些学生主要关注单词和表达，而不是隐藏的思想。因此，阅读经典可能是浪费时间。）可知Frank认为经典名著不值得读，因为学生可能会更注意单词和表达，故选C。
65．细节理解题。根据“As Francis Bacon said, ‘Reading makes a full man; conference (谈话) a ready man; and writing an exact man.’”以及“As the old Chinese saying goes, ‘One who is filled with knowledge always behaves well.’”可知Linda和Curry都通过引用名言来解释他们的想法，故选C。
66．主旨大意题。根据“Nowadays, experts call on high school students to read as many literary classics (文学名著) as possible. What do you think of it ”可知本文主要谈论了高中生是否应该读文学名著。故选B。专题11 阅读理解之议论文
【题型解读】
议论文往往有观点，有事实，逻辑性强，命题往往从事实的有关细节及文章的主旨或作者的表达意图等方面着手，考查我们的思维能力和判断能力。所以考生要培养根据上下文猜词的能力，或者说根据情境能揣测作者的意图。议论文的阅读同其他体裁文章的阅读理解一样，可以有主旨大意、细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测等几种出题方式。
【命题规律】
1.细节理解：细节理解题在中考阅读理解试题中所占比例最大，不过相对来说较简单，通过题干的关键词，在文中找到相关信息，仔细对比，就能得出答案。其正确选项特征为：同义替换、语言简化、正话反说等。
2.主旨大意：主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，以概括中心大意、段落大意、选择标题及判断作者写作意图等形式出现。其正确选项特征为：涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段；确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小；精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩。
3.作者观点：站在作者的角度，通过逻辑关系，研究细节，推敲作者的态度，理解文章寓意的能力；一般不出现绝对概念。
4. 词义猜测：考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某一个生词、词组或者句子含义的能力，而这些词或词组往往超出考纲范围。一般利用上下文线索、语法知识、上下文逻辑、构词法和常识等手段。
【解题技巧】
一、重视文章标题，找准全文主题句，把握文章主旨
标题往往是全文的主题，审视标题，有利于理解全文，提高解题效率。主题句对全文起提示、启迪、概括、归纳之作用。根据主题句既可以知道文章议论的是什么，也可以知道作者希望读者了解主题方面的哪些内容。议论文题材偏难，但其框架一般都很清晰，多采用总—分—总的结构，交替使用正面和反面的论证方式。通常，先总说现象或观点；其次，正面陈述、反面论证；最后作者表明自己的态度，再次总结文章。通常主题句会出现在文章的首句或句末，在这些地方要多留意表示归纳的词汇，也可以在具体事例之后或之前的表示观点的陈述句中寻找。
二、细读文章，注意文章细节理解
除主旨题外，细节理解题也是阅读理解题中的基础题，它主要考查学生对文中的具体事例、数字、时间、地点等的理解。经常出现排序题(按事情发展顺序排序)，图表题(按文章内容找出正确图形)，正误题(依据文章内容对所列的陈述进行正误判断) 。对这种题型，无论细节题如何变化形式，立足点都应是从文章中找出相应词句作为依据。虽然答案中有的细节在文中很清楚，但可能与问题无关。细节题的破解一般用寻读法，即先看试题，再读文章。对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、分析、对比，有根据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。假如问题采用的是反向思维，题中含有not或except等表示否定意义的词，则需要更加留意。此法可以加强阅读的针对性，提高做题的准确率。做此类题目还要特别注意句子的逻辑关系。
三、理解整体语篇，掌握作者意图
做推理判断题要求考生在阅读理解整体语篇的同时，对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，站在作者的视角，而不是主观臆断、凭空想象，从而走入误区。英语文章讲究使用主题段与主题句，段与段之间通常有过渡性词语连接，承上启下，使文章行文连贯。有时文章还会在时间顺序、空间顺序或逻辑推理上运用较高级的手段进行组编。要想准确、深刻地理解文章，必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握全篇的文脉，即句内、句间和段落间的修辞手段或逻辑关系。作者往往在构思语篇前会进行预先设定：读者知道什么，不知道什么，读者可能与自己共同拥有什么样的生活经验、思想见地和需求欲望等，然后设计一些隐藏在语篇深层的＂潜台词＂。因此，这类试题要求考生利用主题句进行推测，揣摩文字背后作者的意图，运用背景知识去挖掘文章的深层含义，从而正确理解作者的言外之意，同时认真体会文章的语气与感情基调。
四、多读多背，扩大词汇量，掌握猜词技巧
由于当今的阅读文章题材广泛，体裁多样，经常出现一词多义，甚至出现没学过的词汇。许多学生感到困扰很大，有的甚至烦躁得难以坚持阅读下去。要解决阅读中的生词问题，一是要扩大英语词汇量，二是要学习并掌握一些猜测生词词义的方法，如：利用同义、反义、上义、下义、词的集合、词的搭配等关系；利用照应、替代、省略、定义、举例等情境关系；利用词缀、转化、合成等构词法；利用后置定语或同位语等语法结构；利用前后对比或因果推理法等。
总之，想要提高阅读能力，尤其是对考生来说难度较大的议论文阅读，学生应能从篇章和试题双方面入手。通过观察、体验、探究等积极主动的学习方法，优化阅读理解中议论文的解题思路和方法策略，提高学生自主学习的能力。
（2024·湖北随州·一模）
①Have you ever thought about what’s more important, looking fashionable or feeling comfortable You might have noticed many people choosing style over comfort and some even go to extremes (极端) to follow fashion. But we should remember: being fashionable isn’t everything. It’s more important to be healthy.
②Some people believe that they need to be a certain size to look good. So, they start extreme diets (日常饮食) that are not good for their health. They might not eat meals or eat too little, which can make them feel sick. Is it a healthy way to live
③Also, many girls wear shoes with very high heels. They might think high heels make them look taller. But these shoes can actually hurt their feet and make it hard to walk comfortably, and it can increase risks of falls. Some even wear tight (紧的) clothes that influence blood circulation (循环), making it hard to breathe. Should we put fashion over comfort and physical health
④Besides, some boys and girls spend a lot of time and money changing their hair color. The material they use is usually harmful to their health. To make their hair straight or curly, they also use tools that are hot enough to burn their hair. But using these tools too often or at very high temperatures can make the hair dry or even burnt. Is it really worth it to risk our health, spending so much time and money
⑤So, let’s rethink what’s really important. Is it fashion or is it our well-being Clothes or hairstyles don’t tell us anything about a person’s character. Instead of spending a lot of time choosing clothes, we could use that time to do fun things with friends. And instead of following extreme diets, let’s eat properly and exercise regularly. Remember, your worth is not decided by your appearance (外貌), but by who you are as a person.
1．Why do some people go on extreme diets according to the passage
A．Because the diets are healthy. B．Because they just want to look good.
C．Because they want to save time. D．Because they want to save money.
2．What is the writer’s purpose of using a question in each paragraph
A．To ask for help from readers. B．To tell how to spend time and money.
C．To describe the latest fashion. D．To lead readers to think about the topic.
3．What does the underlined word “well-being” in Paragraph 5 mean
A．Growth. B．Health. C．Warmth. D．Wealth.
4．Which is the right structure of the passage
A． B． C． D．
5．What’s the best title for the passage
A．Beauty Around Us B．Space Dreams
C．The Value of Money D．The Animal Plant
（2024·河北邯郸·一模）
The Spring Festival is a time for children to receive lucky money. Do you think parents should look after their children’s lucky money Here, some middle school students are sharing their ideas.
○ Tian Yun said, “Lucky money should be kept by parents because children generally don’t have much experience with money and are likely to form the habit of splashing out.” She thinks they can’t control themselves when they see things they like. So when they graduate from high school, they can manage their money.
○ In Wang Xin’s opinion, it is too difficult for young children to manage their money wisely as there are so many distractions (干扰) outside. With a lot of money, they may be cheated by bad persons, which will make them get into troubles.
○ However, Hou Yi thinks children should be free to spend their lucky money because it’s a good chance to develop their money management skills. Children will be able to learn how to use their money properly. What parents should do is to guide them correctly.
○ When it comes to Cui Han’s idea, children should be trusted to manage their money. According to the latest Civil Code(《民法典》), 8 years old is a dividing line. That means children over 8 have the right to deal with their own money. They won’t depend on their parents too much.
6．What do the underlined words “splashing out” probably mean
A．Saving money. B．Raising money for others.
C．Lending money to others. D．Spending money like running water.
7．Match the students with their ideas and choose the right answer.
①Tian Yun ②Wang Xin ③Hou Yi ④Cui Han
a. Children may be cheated if they have a lot of money.
b. Children older than eight can manage their money.
c. Parents can guide children to spend money correctly.
d. Children can manage their money after graduation.
A．①-a; ②-d; ③-b; ④-c B．①-d; ②-a; ③-c; ④-b
C．①-d; ②-b; ③-a; ④-c D．①-a; ②-c; ③-d; ④-b
8．In which part of the magazine can you read the text
A．Health and medicine. B．Family and society.
C．Nature and environment. D．Science and technology.
（2024·广东韶关·一模）
In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI人工智能) technology has developed rapidly and is being used in people’s life and work. From self-driving cars to smart homes to data analysis, AI is gradually changing the way we work and live. In this situation, many traditional human work can be replaced by intelligent tools. On the one hand, people are happy to have so many useful AI tools to make our work and life easier. On the other hand, people are worried that their jobs will be replaced by AI tools, and can’t find jobs to live on.
Some young people believe that with the popularization of AI translation tools, the need to learn foreign languages is greatly reduced. After all, an APP on a smartphone can translate different languages quickly, helping people who speak different languages communicate. In addition, AI tools like ChatGPT, Claude, and many other such tools or websites can help people realize all kinds of ideas, such as writing, drawing, making videos, searching for materials, and analyzing data. Most AI tools can help with writing in any language. Some teenagers think the ability to write in a foreign language or a native language is not important, as long as they can use AI tools. They no longer need to spend a lot of time learning these “fungible” skills.
However, other young people have different ideas. They believe that improving information literacy (信息素养) and the ability to control AI technology is more important in the time of AI. This includes not only basic computer skills, but also thinking and moral judgment (道德判断). Students should be prepared to live with AI, learn knowledge, use AI and even develop new AI tools.
9．AI technology is not widely used in ________.
A．self-driving cars B．smart home
C．data analysis D．emotional understanding
10．AI translation tools ________.
A．can completely replace foreign language learning
B．can translate all languages easily
C．reduces the need to learn a foreign language
D．can only help users with written translation
11．What does the underlined (划线的) word “fungible” mean
A．Replaceable. B．Repetitive. C．Useless. D．Boring.
12．Which is difficult for AI tools to replace humans
A．Data analysis. B．Writing. C．Drawing. D．Creative thinking.
13．What does the writer want to tell us
A．In the time of Al, students don’t need to learn any foreign language.
B．It's not important for people to improve writing.
C．People should learn more and master skills that cannot be replaced by AI tools.
D．Computer skills are more important than thinking and moral judgment.
（2024·河北石家庄·一模）
A growing number of people are using ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence (人工智能) program, to create books for sale. Although sales have been slow, human writers are worried that ChatGPT-created books might hurt the writing and publishing industry.
Brett Schickler is a salesman in New York. Until recently, he never imagined he could be a writer. But after learning about the ChatGPT program, Schickler found that he had a good chance.
Using the AI software, Schickler created his first book, a 30-page children’s e-book, in a few hours. He sold it online and made less than $100. While that may not sound like much, it is enough to make him want to create other books using the software.
There were over 200 e-books in Amazon’s Kindle store that say ChatGPT is a writer or co-writer. And the number is rising daily.
Some professional (专业的) writers are becoming worried about the effects that ChatGPT could have on the book publishing industry. Mary Rasenberger is the leader of a writer’s group. She said, “This is something we really need to be worried about—these books will be full of the market and a lot of writers are going to be out of work. ”
14．What will do harm to the writing and publishing industry
A．The Internet. B．Human writers.
C．ChatGPT-created books. D．the AI software.
15．Which of the following is TRUE about Brett Schickler
A．He is a professional great writer now.
B．He didn’t spend much time in creating his first book.
C．He dreamed of being a writer when he was young.
D．He made a lot of money from his first book.
16．What job does Schickler do
A．A salesman. B．A teacher. C．An engineer. D．A professional writer.
17．What is the main idea of the passage
A．More and more e-books will be written by AI.
B．ChatGPT has made reading much easier.
C．More people are taking writing as a career.
D．AI influences the writing and publishing industry.
（2024·江苏宿迁·一模）
Computer scientist Mary has an idea for a new robot to help her work with children. How should it look The robot should have arms to be able to lift things. And if it is going to communicate with people, it will also need a face. Scientists believe that giving a robot a face can make it seem more friendly. Humans would also like to pay more attention to robots with faces. But what kind
For Mary, she wants to make sure that her new robot doesn’t look too much like a human. She wants people to just treat it as a machine-person. If it looks more like a human than a machine, she thinks users might find it a bit creepy and feel afraid. Mary also believes that robot faces don’t need to look a lot like ours. Her research shows that we can enjoy communicating with robots whether or not they look like humans, because our brains are able to look for faces. Just put two circles on top of a robot’s body, and we will see a face.
Dave feels differently. He believes that although at first we might be afraid when seeing a robot with a lifelike face, we may soon get used to it. If robots are going to work closely with humans, they should look as much like us as possible. After all, faces are an important part of the way we communicate.
To make his robots look as much like real people as possible, Dave invented a special skin (皮肤) for their faces. With this skin, robots can show human-like expressions and appear to be angry, sad, happy or surprised. Dave’s robots are also programmed to copy expressions. How Just imagine his robot is looking at you. The cameras in its eyes send pictures of your face to its central computer!
18．Why do scientists think a robot needs a face
A．It will become more beautiful. B．It can do better in lifting things.
C．It will pay more attention to children. D．It can better communicate with people.
19．What does the underlined word “creepy” mean in paragraph 2
A．Uncomfortable to look at. B．Impossible to touch.
C．Boring to talk to. D．Difficult to understand.
20．Which of the following would Dave most probably agree with
A．People should treat robots as humans.
B．Robots need to express their own feelings.
C．Robots shouldn’t look too much like humans.
D．People can easily accept robots with a human face.
21．What is the purpose of the passage
A．To explain the reasons why robots should have faces.
B．To suggest what humans can do with robots with faces.
C．To share ideas on what kind of faces robots should have.
D．To show how scientists invent robots with different faces.
（2023·浙江湖州·中考真题）
①Chinese calligraphy (书法) was once considered an important part of the school curriculum (课程). However, for many reasons, some people think it’s less important to teach this art form at school now. In this article, I will look at both the pros and cons of learning Chinese calligraphy at school.
②One reason why Chinese calligraphy should be learned at school is that it is an important form of culture expression. Clearly, it is not just about practicing handwriting. It is also about connecting with a traditional Chinese art form. When students learn this art in class, they will become more interested in the works of famous Chinese artists.
③Another reason is that it may help students to develop patience. At the times of high technology, students are getting less patient for traditional classroom learning. By introducing Chinese calligraphy into the classroom, students’ patience can be improved because they have to practice focusing on each brush movement.
④From the above, it can be seen that there are clear advantages. However, others think there are some disadvantages. The first one is that it has little to do with students’ life. Living in a modern age, pens and paper will lose their importance by and by. So, wouldn’t it be a backward (倒退的) step if students were asked to spend their valuable time at school learning Chinese calligraphy
⑤The second argument against learning Chinese calligraphy at school is that it takes a long time to master. The time at school is better spent on more important subjects. After all, learning Chinese calligraphy can always be done as an after-school activity if students are really interested in it.
⑥In my opinion, the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages. This special art form is one of China’s national treasures. It also helps to enrich students’ life and improve their sense of beauty. So without doubt, it is worth being included in the school curriculum.
22．Which of the following is the structure of the passage
A． B．
C． D．
23．What can we learn from the passage
A．High technology can help students become more patient.
B．Students should spend more time on after-school activities.
C．Learning Chinese calligraphy gets more popular in the modern age.
D．Students may like art works better after learning Chinese calligraphy.
24．What does the writer probably think of learning Chinese calligraphy
A．Important and necessary. B．Valuable but backward.
C．Popular and interesting. D．Meaningful but boring.
（2024·湖南娄底·一模）
Do Kids Need Homework
School is a big part of life, not just for kids but for their families. There are many reports and discussions about what’s best for students. Everyone has their own opinions. And they don’t always agree.
Do kids need homework It depends. Some readers from a famous magazine, think that the extra (额外的) work reviews what they have learnt in class. And it also helps teachers find where students need more help. Others say homework adds to students’ stress and takes time away from exercise or learning something new. In order to know what kind of homework kids should do and how much kids need, the magazine interviewed several kids.
Karen, 9
Kids need homework. When they learn something new in school, reviewing it at home helps them remember it. Our homework gives our teachers valuable information. It tells them how much students are paying attention in class and who needs extra help.
Michael, 9
In my opinion, giving students homework is a bad idea. After school kids need experiences that build a healthy mind and body. Homework is not supposed to stress kids out. When there is too much homework, students do poorly in homework. In fact, doing homework poorly is worse than doing no homework. As long as students are working hard in class, it’s best not to give them extra work.
Robert, 8
Kids need homework. But that depends. Middle and high school students can do more homework. At my school, primary students get homework, but not too much. My teacher might ask us to learn spelling words at home, and each week we’ll be given a test.
Susan, 11
Kids don’t need homework. They’re learning for six hours a day at school. Adding another hour of work for kids to do at home is just having them repeat what they’ve been doing all day. Besides, homework takes time away from activities like team sports. These are just as important as schoolwork, because they keep kids active.
25．What did the magazine do about homework
A．It had a discussion. B．It did a report. C．It made an interview.
26．What will happen when homework is too much according to Michael
A．Students will do no homework.
B．Students will do homework poorly.
C．Students will build a healthy mind and body.
27．What is Robert’s opinion about homework
A．Primary students don’t need to do homework.
B．High school students can do more homework.
C．Homework just repeats what is learned in class.
28．What does “These” refer to (指代) in the last paragraph
A．Kids. B．Subjects. C．Activities like team sports.
【答案】25．C 26．B 27．B 28．C
【导语】本文是关于“家庭作业”这个话题，对几位学生的采访。
25．细节理解题。根据“In order to know what kind of homework kids should do and how much kids need, the magazine interviewed several kids.”可知，关于“家庭作业”，杂志做了一个采访。故选C。
26．细节理解题。根据“When there is too much homework, students do poorly in homework.”可知，学生作业太多时，作业会做得很差。故选B。
27．细节理解题。根据“Middle and high school students can do more homework.”可知，中学生和高中生可以做更多的家庭作业。故选B。
28．代词指代题。根据“Besides, homework takes time away from activities like team sports. These are just as important as schoolwork, because they keep kids active.”可知，家庭作业会占用团队运动等活动的时间，团队运动等活动和作业是同等重要的。划线部分“These”指代前文“activities like team sports”。故选C。
（2024·河北石家庄·一模）
Three young people told us their ideas about visiting museums.
Chris I prefer museums where they move things round regularly, and bring in new things to keep it interesting. I also like to have things to listen to as well as look at. I suppose I like museums because I’m really interested in history and art. We study these subjects at school but I’ve actually found out a lot more about them from museums than from my textbooks.
Emily There are lots of great museums for me to visit in my city. You should never try to see a whole museum the first time you go. Just go to one or two rooms, and then return as often as you can to see the rest. For me, it’s important that the people who work in the museum are pleasant, and happy to talk to me about the things on show.
Daniel I don’t go to museums much, except during my holidays in new cities. Then I make sure I spend at least a day going to the most famous ones. If it’s a big museum and I don’t have much time, I sometimes walk into a room and choose just five things to look at. I also take a tour if there is one, as I learn so much more from listening to the person showing us around than I do if I’m by myself.
29．Why does Chris like museums
A．He wants to move around. B．He likes new things.
C．He likes reading textbooks. D．He enjoys history and art.
30．What does Emily think is important in a museum
A．There are things to listen to and look at.
B．People working there are friendly.
C．There are new things on show.
D．Someone can show her around.
31．What does Daniel do if he doesn’t have time to see the whole museum
A．Go to one or two rooms first. B．Choose to look at just five things.
C．Return to see it next time. D．Visit the museum by himself.
【答案】29．D 30．B 31．B
【导语】本文是三个人分享了对参观博物馆的看法。
29．细节理解题。根据“because I’m really interested in history and art”可知，因为他对历史和艺术感兴趣，故选D。
30．细节理解题。根据“For me, it’s important that the people who work in the museum are pleasant, and happy to talk to me about the things on show.”可知，重要的是在博物馆工作的人是愉快的，并且乐于谈论展出的东西，故选B。
31．细节理解题。根据“If it’s a big museum and I don’t have much time, I sometimes walk into a room and choose just five things to look at.”可知，如果没有太多时间，会走进一个房间，只选择五件东西来看，故选B。
（2023·江苏淮安·中考真题）
Most of us cannot imagine modern life without social media(社交媒体). We use it almost every day in order to keep up with what is happening in our friends’ lives, or find out the latest information. Although it has a bad influence if we don’t use it properly, social media has done more good than harm.
The greatest advantage is that we can connect with people much more easily. We are still able to keep in touch with our friends if they are far away. With social media, friendship goes beyond geography. We are able to find friends old and new. Also, it makes it easier for us to make friends, especially for those who are afraid of making friends face to face. Are you shy If yes, social media has probably helped.
Social media is also ideal for making yourself heard. Anyone with a voice can express it. Anyone with a talent is free to show it. Everyone is the new content creator. Moreover, anyone with a smartphone and the Internet can be a reporter. As a result, it has become much faster to cover the news than ever before.
Social media, on the other hand, can make us less confident sometimes. A 2021 study published by the Public Library of Science, found that the more a person uses social media, the sadder he feels about his own life. One reason for this is that people around us put colourful information and perfect pictures online in order to show off their best moment. So we often get a distorted sense of how wonderful their lives are compared to our own.
Social media does not cause sadness; it simply provides another tool for us to use. Is it good or bad Nobel Peace Prize winner Malala Yousafzai says, “What is interesting is the power and influence of social media ... We must try to use social media in a good way.” After all, you decide how you use this powerful tool.
32．What is the greatest advantage of social media according to the passage
A．Expressing our voices freely. B．Showing our talents to others.
C．Recording the best side of our life. D．Connecting with people more easily.
33．What does the word “distorted” probably mean in Paragraph 4
A．clear B．different C．incorrect D．simple
34．Which picture shows the structure(结构) of the passage (①=Paragraph 1, ...)
A． B．
C． D．
35．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage
A．Social Media: Our Friend Or Enemy B．Social Media: To Use Or Not To Use
C．Social Media: Connecting The World D．Social Media: Making Yourself Heard
（2023·湖南长沙·中考真题）
It is commonly believed that children are too young to fully appreciate (欣赏) the experience and knowledge of their elders, while many think that old people don’t understand the young. But actually (事实上), both groups have a lot to learn from each other.
James Smith runs the Smith’s Care Home in my city. It is mainly an organization (机构) for serving the elderly. But not all of its visitors are old people. The home also includes a childcare center for pre-school kids. There is a playground in the care home, where the elderly can play with the kids. In this way, they can learn more about each other, and respect (尊重) and understand one another.
I suppose this is quite an interesting idea. For one thing, we live in a world where there are more and more old people. The world is facing this problem and its population ages. It will be important for young people to be able to understand and care for the elderly in the coming years.
Regretfully, my own grandparents weren’t around when I was little, as they had already passed away. I never got to learn what the world was like through their eyes, or what kinds of problems they might have faced when they were my age. To me, their lives will always be a mystery — hard to understand or explain.
However, I think I can still learn from other people of older generations (辈). I might find some of their ideas out of date, and they might believe that my generation’s way of thinking is strange or incorrect. But we can still learn from each other anyway.
36．What is special about the Smith’s Care Home
A．It is only a childcare center actually.
B．The elderly look after kids carefully there.
C．It accepts both the elderly and pre-school kids.
37．In the writer’s opinion (观点),what problem is the world facing
A．There are more and more old people.
B．The world’s population is dropping rapidly.
C．The world is short of care homes for old people.
38．What does the underlined word “mystery” mean in Paragraph 4
A．笑话 B．悲剧 C．谜团
39．How does the writer develop his/her idea in this text
A．By giving examples. B．By listing numbers. C．By raising questions.
40．What is the main purpose of the text
A．To explain why the world’s population ages.
B．To encourage different generations to learn from each other.
C．To show that older generations’ ways of thinking are incorrect.
（2023·四川眉山·中考真题）
Do you like to travel alone Or do you think it’s better to travel with friends If you’re still deciding, please read on. I will explain the advantages of both ways.
One of the great things about traveling alone is that you make the rules about where you go and what you eat. You’ll be surprised at what you discover about yourself without any influence.
Traveling alone really shows you what you’re made of and helps you to discover inner strength (内心的力量) you didn’t know you had. Besides, it also gives you time to think, learn and grow. When your eyes are wide open, you’ll get a whole new outlook on the world.
It’s easy to think that traveling alone is lonely. Although that may sometimes be true, you’re hardly ever alone. When you travel in a one-person team, this can provide a chance for you to enjoy the most interesting part of travel—communicating with the locals and meeting travelers from all corners of the world.
In fact, traveling to know more about the world is not easy. There’s research to be done, flights to be booked and choices to be made, not to mention that things can—and often do—go wrong. One of the main advantages of traveling with friends is being able to share these things and support each other through the process, even if it’s just someone who will wait with your bag when you go to the bathroom.
Just as your mother always says, it’s true that traveling with others can give you a sense of safety, especially if you’re new to travel. You know that if you get lost or have your wallet stolen, there’s someone to hold your hand when you try to explain your situation in a foreign police station.
There’s no right or wrong way to travel. Whether you travel alone or team up with friends, it depends on you.
41．How does the writer introduce the topic of the passage in Paragraph 1
A．By telling a story. B．By giving examples.
C．By asking questions. D．By describing a scene.
42．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A．Traveling alone. B．Inner strength.
C．Outside influence. D．Traveling with others.
43．Traveling with friends has the following advantages EXCEPT ________.
A．sharing a lot of things B．knowing yourself better
C．getting support easily D．having a sense of safety
44．What’s the structure of the passage
(①=Paragraph 1 ②=Paragraph 2… )
B．
C． D．
（2023·浙江·中考真题）
Roger Federer, a world-famous sports star, quit(放弃) the 2020 Olympic Games to deal with his knee problem. It was a hard decision because no one wanted to be a quitter. But finding the courage to let go can be good for you.
Nothing is fun all the time. Sticking at something difficult teaches us important skills like perseverance(毅力). However, learning to let go when things aren’t right is important too. Maybe your heart isn’t in playing the piano any more, or you only play football because your friends do and you want to try a different sport instead. Making the decision to walk away can free up time and energy to spend on something you really enjoy. In fact, studies show that letting go of goals you can’t reach, or don’t really want, can build up your confidence and help you lead a happier and healthier life.
But how can you know it’s time to stop and move on Eric Bean is an expert in sports psychology(心理学) who helps athletes and teams understand their feelings. He says, “Quitting is never a matter of black and white.” He suggests thinking carefully about why you aren’t enjoying something any more. Is it because you’ve argued with a teammate or can’t get on with a new art teacher Talk about this with a trusted adult or friend. That can help you decide whether you should stay and stick, or quit and move on.
Quitting doesn’t have to mean totally giving up, though. For example, playing an instrument might be more fun if you take away the pressure of exams. If you do decide to give up an activity, Bean suggests picking up another where you can still enjoy things like teamwork, creativity, and exercise.
45．The writer mentions “Roger Federer” in Paragraph 1 to show that ________.
A．we should never give up B．we should get away from trouble
C．it’s all right to stop and quit D．it’s difficult to win Olympic medals
46．According to Paragraph 2, learning to let go is important because we can ________.
A．learn about perseverance B．have enough money to spend
C．live a busier and fuller life D．feel more confident in ourselves
47．By saying the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3, Eric Bean means that ________.
A．it’s not good to stick at things we don’t like
B．we should think twice before quitting an activity
C．we don’t have to take exams to show our true abilities
D．it’s wiser to pick up a new hobby than to keep the old one
48．Which could be the best title for the passage
A．Knowing When to Stop B．Working Hard to Move on
C．Learning How to Grow up D．Starting Early to Make Changes
（2023·四川成都·中考真题）
Host: As we know, the British have been sending cards since the 19th century. They spend about 1,700,000,000 pounds on cards every year. However, the number of people sending cards and letters is falling. More than 30 percent of UK children have never sent or received a handwritten letter. Should the tradition of sending cards and letters be stopped
Group A: We live in a fast-developing world and using snail mail is unnecessary. Making paper uses lots of energy and some cards are hard to recycle. It’s bad for environment. What’s more, cards are expensive to buy and so is posting. Nowadays, we usually use our phones and computers because they are quick, easy and free. Traditional cards and letters are out of date. They are not young people’s cup of tea. It’s no surprise that most of them end up as litter. Group B:The tradition has been around for hundreds of years and should stay. Sending a handwritten letter or carefully chosen card shows that you care. Phone messages and emails are quick and easy, but they seem to carry less feeling. Sending letters is good for children because it is a chance to practice writing skills. Also, it’s fun! Receiving post makes you feel special and it’s important if someone lives far away or is lonely—just imagine a birthday without cards!
49．What’s the discussion mainly about
A．When the British send cards and letters.
B．Whether the British should keep the tradition.
C．Why the British like sending cards and letters.
50．Who thinks it’s necessary to keep the tradition
A．The host. B．Group A． C．Group B．
51．Which picture can show the meaning of the underlined word snail
A． B． C．
52．What does Group A think of sending cards
A．Free but slow. B．Fast but expensive. C．Wasteful and expensive.
53．Which of the following facts directly caused the discussion
A．People have different opinions.
B．Fewer British people send cards and letters.
C．The British spend too much money on cards and letters.
（2022·江苏盐城·中考真题）
One teacher praises a student by saying “You’re so smart!” Another teacher says, “You must have worked really hard at this!” Which student does better in school Studies show that students who hear the words of the second teacher will do better. Those students are learning that their effort is important.
Psychologists（心理学家）looked at what students did after they were given different types of praise. Some students were told that they were good at a task. They didn’t try very hard the next time. Other students were told that they had worked hard at a task. They worked even harder the next time. The first group of students was learning that they had a set amount of skill. They didn’t think they could do any better. This is called a fixed mindset（思维模式）. The second group was learning that they could do better if they kept trying. This is called a growth mindset. People who have a growth mindset believe that the brain can grow; people can do better and learn new skills. If they work hard, they can be successful.
How can teachers and parents help students succeed They can focus mainly on effort and not simply on ability. When students succeed, teachers and parents should praise the actual work rather than intelligence（智力）or talent. When students fail, they should be told how they can do better. Teachers, parents and students need to value effort, not intelligence.
Beliefs of Fixed and Growth Mindsets
Fixed Mindset Growth Mindset
Things you’re born with that cannot change Things you can grow and improve with hard work
Something to avoid—could show lack of skill Something important—leads to success
Things to avoid—in case you aren’t good enough Things that help you learn
54．What kind of people have fewer chances to succeed according to the article
A．People with a growth mindset. B．People with a fixed mindset.
C．People who often learn from challenges. D．People who often learn from mistakes.
55．From the form we can know people with a growth mindset consider challenges as ________.
A．things they’re born with B．things they need to avoid
C．things that help them learn D．things that stop them improving
56．How does the writer organize the ideas in the article
A．By telling stories. B．By listing numbers.
C．By drawing mind maps. D．By comparing facts.
（2022·四川绵阳·中考真题）
Do you compare yourself to other people Perhaps your best friend receives something you really want, or you’re not allowed to go to a concert but your brother or sister is. Even though comparisons are common and can sometimes be helpful, focusing(专注) on your own progress is important for your happiness.
“We often compare ourselves to others who are doing better or not as well as ourselves.” says Dr. Jack. “But I suggest comparing yourself to your past self and your future self. This can make you feel proud of what you’ve achieved and excited about what you might do. Focusing on your own purposes is more worthwhile than always trying to come out on top.”
Comparing yourself to those around you is natural and we often do it without realizing it. It can help us to be clear about our achievements and to form friendships with new people who have similar interests. However, it’s important to remember that nobody is perfect in real life. It’s also important to take note of how the comparison is making you feel. “If you begin to feel quite low, focus on your own strengths.” says Jack. In other words, you can ask yourself questions like “What can I do well in ”, which can help you trust yourself.
Maybe here you are wondering “What if all my friends are better than me ”. Dr. White says that jealousy(妒忌) is not bad but focusing on bettering your own work can help you feel just as successful. He also mentions that learning to celebrate your friends’ success can not only help to cheer your friends up but also help you feel good. It will encourage you to build each other up.
57．What does the writer tell us in Paragraph 1
A．We should compare with others. B．We should share things with brothers.
C．We should enjoy concerts with sisters. D．We should focus on our own progress.
58．Why should you compare yourself to your past self
A．To care about others. B．To change your purposes.
C．To increase your excitement. D．To be proud of your achievements.
59．What does the underlined phrase “your own strengths” probably mean in Paragraph 3
A．what you’re good at B．what you’ve understood
C．what you’re crazy about D．what you’ve experienced
60．What does Dr. White suggest
A．Trusting your friends. B．Cheering on tiny success.
C．Celebrating others’ success. D．Forming a deep friendship.
61．What would be the best title for the passage
A．Plan Your Own Future B．Enjoy Your Own Happiness
C．Run Your Own Race D．Follow Your Own Dream
（2022·湖北黄石·中考真题）
阅读材料，选择最佳选项。
Nowadays, experts call on high school students to read as many literary classics (文学名著) as possible. What do you think of it
Linda: We don’t have enough life experiences, so we may have difficulty understanding the deeper classics. But this shouldn’t be a reason to give up reading classics. As Francis Bacon said, “Reading makes a full man; conference (谈话) a ready man; and writing an exact man.”
Curry: Classics are the treasures our ancestors left us. We should read them and pass them down. As the old Chinese saying goes, “One who is filled with knowledge always behaves well.” Classics can open up our minds and develop our interest in culture.
Frank: Without background and life experiences, students can’t understand what writers want to express in their classics. While reading, some students mainly pay attention to words and expressions rather than the hidden ideas. For this reason, reading classics might be a waste of time.
Mary: On the one hand, not all classics are suitable (合适的) for all students, as there are many difficult expressions and deep ideas. On the other hand, the special writing styles make it difficult for students to understand. So they won’t probably choose them.
62．Who agrees with the idea of reading literary classics
A．Linda & Curry. B．Linda & Mary. C．Curry & Frank. D．Frank & Mary.
63．What does Curry think of literary classics
A．They improve students’ reading skills. B．They develop students’ interest in culture.
C．They help students learn more words. D．They can change students’ personalities (个性).
64．Frank thinks classics are not worth reading because ________.
A．the writers live in different countries
B．students prefer to read about life experiences
C．students might pay more attention to words and expressions
D．students might not understand the writing styles
65．Both Linda and Curry explain their ideas by ________.
A．listing examples B．showing numbers
C．giving quotes (引语) D．making comparisons (对比)
66．What does the passage talk about
A．Why literary classics become popular in high schools.
B．Whether high school students should read literary classics.
C．Why high school students should read literary classics.
D．How high schools should help students improve reading skills.
