专题10 阅读理解之说明文练习（解析版）

专题10 阅读理解之说明文
【题型解读】
说明文是以说明为主要表达方式用来说明事物，阐明事理的一种文体。说明文从内容上主要围绕下列主题而展开，科普知识类、动植物特性类、自然现象类、新产品、新工艺介绍类、风土人情类。文中解释性、定义性、说明性句子较多，长难句较多。实验、研究型文章一般会以实验的过程、进展为线索，多用描述法、问题与对策法等方法，通过列数据、做对比等来说明新的科学研究发现及其产生的影响。介绍说明型文章通常是介绍一种新产品、新技术，更多运用描述法从功能、用途、材料和市场前景等方面进行介绍。说明文通常采用以下结构形式：
总分式: 总——分式和分——总式结构，以及完整的“总——分——总”结构。
递进式: 事理说明文常用这种结构形式，通常由浅入深、由表及里、由现象到本质，逐层递进，一层一层地剖析事理。
并列式：文章各部分的内容没有主次轻重之分。
对照式：通过两个事物的比较和对照说明其异同。
【命题规律】
分析2023年各地区说明文类阅读理解，大都考查细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题以及主旨大意题
细节理解题命题方式 ：
1.特殊疑问句形式。以when，where，what.which，who，how much/many等疑问词开头引出问题。
2.填空题形式。通常涉及与主题有关的事实或细节。
题型和考查角度：
1.高频考点：直接信息题；间接信息题。
2.中频考点：数字计算题；
3.低频考点：细节排序题；正误判断题。
推理判断题
题型和考查角度：
1.高频考点：隐含意义、写作意图、观点态度。
2.低频考点：文章出处、文章结构、目标读者。
词义猜测题
题型和考查角度：
1.猜测生词或熟词生义。
2.猜测短语的意义。
3.猜测代替词所替代的内容。
4.猜测句意。
主旨大意题
题型和考查角度：
1.主题类：文章大意题和段落大意题(概括文章或段落的主旨大意)
2.标题类：标题判断题（选择最佳标题）。
【解题技巧】
阅读说明类文章重在把握被说明事物各因素之间的联系，如因果、条件、从属、并列等；以及说明方法，如定义、例释、类比等。考生应加强此类文章的阅读训练，不断提高判断、归纳、分析和解决问题的能力。首先我们平时要多关注科学题材的文章，了解一些基本的科普知识；其次，在阅读时要注意实验的目的和结果，不能凭想象和猜测下结论；对于较难理解的句子要利用语法结构去分析；最后，要利用文章特点找准主题句，把握中心，从而一一破解题目。
明确说明对象：阅读事物说明文，首先从整体入手，把握文章的说明对象是什么;阅读事理说明文，首先弄清文章说明了什么事理。可以通过把握段落主题句来明确说明对象。
把握文章结构：说明文主题鲜明、脉络清晰，行文结构模式较为固定。弄清文本结构有助于把握文章主旨和阅读重点。作者在谋篇布局上常使用以下说明方法:描述法(包括举例子、下定义、列数据等)、因果法、问题与对策法。
阅读做标记：在阅读的时候可给段落标上序号，给重要的句子和关键词汇做上记号，尤其是各段中心句。逐段概括要点，理清说明顺序。重视首尾句的作用，重视概念句或解说性语句的作用。
审清题干：把握试题中有效的信息，确认命题的角度、阅读范围和答题方式。
定位阅读：大部分的说明文答案基本上都能直接和间接从选段中找到依据。回答问题时要注意原文利用和自我加工相结合。
关注句间衔接：句子间的逻辑关系和衔接手段不外乎列举、原因、结果、让步、对照、补充、目的、条件等。
表示列举的词:for example, for instance;表罗列的词:first，second, third， to begin with，to conclude;
表转折的词: however, but, whereas;
表示原因的词: because, since，as;
表示结果的词:so，therefore, thus, consequently, as a result;
表示对照的词:on the contrary, by contrast, in comparison;
表示目的的词: so that， in order that等。
标志词就像指路牌一样，指明作者思路发展的方向和思路之间的逻辑联系。标志词前后的信息往往都是命题和答题的主要线索或依据，因此，识别标志词对考生更快、更好地理解文章具有举足轻重的作用。
技巧一 快速读题，正确理解题干，定位关键词，带着问题读文章。
技巧二 运用正确的阅读策略，变速阅读文章，学会处理文中的冗余信息。
技巧三 注意特殊语言现象，在含有关键词的句子处标上题号。
技巧四 注意正确项和干扰项的特征，回到文中确定答案。
技巧五 合理猜测，推敲生词的含义。
技巧六 符合题目要求，对信息进行必要的加工处理。
（2024·河北石家庄·一模）
Do you often compare yourself to other people Whether it’s the number of goals you’ve scored at football or how many books you’ve read, it’s easy to compare yourself to someone else. It’s a natural behavior that helps humans learn from each other, live happily together and achieve more. However, it s not always helpful and you can find yourself fall in a comparison trap (陷阱). This is when you always measure yourself against others and base your feelings on how well they seem to be doing.
Comparison can make us feel good and bad about ourselves. “Comparing up” means seeing someone is better than you and using that to encourage yourself to aim higher and try harder. However, sometimes it can make you feel rubbish about yourself and undermine your confidence. “Comparing down” is when you see someone who seems like they’re not doing as well as you. This might make you feel you’re doing well, but it can also stop you wanting to improve.
How do you escape comparison trap If your feelings depend on what other people are doing, always stay with cheerleaders. Notice how people make you feel and spend time with friends who celebrate your strengths rather than compare themselves to you. If you follow social media (媒体) accounts that make you feel you are failing in any way, unfollow them. Find ones that make you laugh or show you lovely places instead. Finally, pay attention to your own achievements and how you can improve. The best person you can compete with is yourself.
Let’s make positive, healthy comparisons. Instead of trying to be the best aim to be your best. This means you value your own achievements and not someone else’s. Celebrate progress instead of the final result. It doesn’t matter if someone is better or faster than you, it’s how hard you try that’s important. Set some goals and pay attention to your progress. Instead of saying “I can’t do it”, say “I can’t do it yet”.
1．What is the purpose of comparing yourself to others according to the text
A．To knock your confidence.
B．To learn from each other and achieve more.
C．To make others feel bad about themselves.
D．To stop you want to move.
2．Which word is close to the underlined word “undermine”
A．Increase. B．Build. C．Weaken. D．Get.
3．What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us
A．Competing with yourself is not necessary.
B．Your feelings always depend on other people.
C．We can follow the ways to escape comparison trap.
D．Friends can make you laugh and show you lovely places.
4．What is the key to making positive, healthy comparisons
A．Valuing others’ achievements. B．Celebrating your progress.
C．Trying to be better than everyone else. D．Trying to be the best in everything.
5．Which can be a proper title for the text
A．Suggestions on “comparing up”. B．Keys to stopping comparison.
C．Benefits of aiming high. D．Ideas about making comparison.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．B 5．D
【导语】本文主要讲述了在我们的生活中，我们经常容易陷入“比较陷阱”，从而影响自己，因此我们应该关注自己的成就，和自己比较。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“It’s a natural behavior that helps humans learn from each other, live happily together and achieve more.”可知人们与他人比较的目的是互相学习，愉快地一起生活并且得到更多成就。故选B。
2．词句猜测题。根据该词所在句“However, sometimes it can make you feel rubbish about yourself and undermine your confidence.”可知and连接的“make you feel rubbish about yourself”和“undermine your confidence”为并列成分，故后者应为“削弱你的信心”，故选C。
3．主旨大意题。根据第三段“How do you escape comparison trap ”可知，第三段主要告诉我们如何逃离比较陷阱，故选C。
4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“This means you value your own achievements and not someone else’s. Celebrate progress instead of the final result.”可知积极健康的比较应该是重视自己的成就，庆祝自己的进步。故选B。
5．最佳标题题。根据文章首段“Do you often compare yourself to other people ”和文章最后一段“Let’s make positive, healthy comparisons.”及其他部分可知此篇文章是在表达对比较的看法。故选D。
（2024·河北石家庄·一模）
You see advertisements (ads) every day. Ads try to persuade (说服) you to buy things or tell people about coming events for you to take part in.
How to write an ad Before you write an ad von need to know your readers. What group people are you trying to reach
Writing an outline (提纲) can make sure you include all the important information. Imagine your school is having a fair to raise money for a new playground. You want as many students as possible to come. Use words that will draw people’s attention. Keeping your sentences short will help your readers read your ad more quickly. You can make an outline like this:
Sample Ad OutlinePurpose of your ad: To persuade students to come to the fair Your readers: Students in our school Questions your ad will answer: What is the event The Hillsdale School Fair. Why should they go to the event To help raise more money for a new school playground. Where’s the event The Hillsdale School Gym. When is the event Saturday, April 13, from 8 a.m. to 1 p.m. Words and phrases that are persuasive and get attention: “Share in the excitement!” “Don’t miss out on fun!” “Raise money for our school!”
Now you have decided which words to use in your ad, you also need to choose a design (设 计) that will make your ad persuasive. Bold (加粗) letters and bright colors get people’s attention. Picking the right picture to appear on the ad is an important step. Don’t try to fit too many words and pictures into your ad. Try different styles until you work out which one is the best. Then do the final draft of your ad and bring the words and the design together! Look! What a good example it is!
Keep reading ads and practicing writing your own ads until you can be a good writer of ads!
6．What should you know before you write an ad
A．The readers. B．The words. C．The pictures. D．The design.
7．Why is the ad about a school fair a good example
A．Because the sentences are long.
B．Because it doesn’t use bold letters.
C．Because it has as many pictures as possible.
D．Because it includes all the important information.
8．How does the writer end the text
A．By telling a story. B．By showing a saying.
C．By giving a suggestion. D．By showing facts with numbers.
9．What is the writer trying to do in the text
A．Introduce the ways to raise money. B．Explain how to write ads.
C．Give information about a school fair. D．Describe the importance of writing ads.
【答案】6．A 7．D 8．C 9．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了如何写好广告。
6．细节理解题。根据“Before you write an ad you need to know your readers”可知，在你写广告之前，你需要了解你的读者，故选A。
7．细节理解题。根据“Writing an outline (提纲) can make sure you include all the important information. Imagine your school is having a fair to raise money for a new playground. You want as many students as possible to come.…”可知是因为它包括所有重要的信息，故选D。
8．推理判断题。根据“Keep reading ads and practicing writing your own ads until you can be a good writer of ads!”可知，作者建议继续阅读广告，练习写自己的广告，直到成为一个好的广告作家。故选C。
9．推理判断题。根据“Keep reading ads and practicing writing your own ads until you can be a good writer of ads!”及全文可知，作者建议继续阅读广告，练习写自己的广告，直到成为一个好的广告作家，所以作者想要告诉我们如何写好广告，故选B。
（2024·河南周口·一模）
Kids who volunteer aren’t just helping their community. They might be helping themselves. That’s according to a recent study in JAMA Network Open. It found that volunteering through school or community groups is connected with better wellness among children and teens.
The study compared kids who took part in community service with those who didn’t. Kids who volunteered were 66% more likely to be considered “growing well” or doing well in general. And kids aged 12 and older who volunteered were 25% less likely to have worries than those who didn’t. The findings come from survey data (数据). Parents of some 50,000 kids in the United States aged 6 to 17 took the survey.
Studies like this have limitations (局限性). The data can’t prove cause and effect. So it’s not possible to say for sure that volunteering leads to better mental and physical health. It could be that people in good health are more likely to have the energy to volunteer. But the data comes at an important time. More than 40% of high school students reported experiencing feelings of sadness or hopelessness in 2021.
So there’s a clear need for mental health resources (资源). Giving back to the community may be one such resource. And this study isn’t the only one to reach that result. Some research has also found connections between volunteering and well-being among adults. Serving the community seems to help people feel a sense of purpose. And it makes them feel connected to those around them. So give it a try, for your health.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
10．What is the purpose of writing the first paragraph
A．To give readers some advice. B．To ask readers to volunteer in schools.
C．To show the writer’s problems. D．To introduce the result of a new study.
11．How does the writer develop the text in Paragraph 2
A．By listing some numbers. B．By telling some stories.
C．By giving some examples. D．By raising some questions.
12．Suppose there are 1,000 students in a high school, how many of them felt sad in 2021
A．More than 100. B．More than 200.
C．More than 300. D．More than 400.
13．Which of the following may the writer agree with
A．Volunteering is good to health for all ages.
B．Physical health has nothing to do with volunteering.
C．Students more easily experience feeling of hopeless.
D．Kids like to spend more time volunteering in their schools.
14．In which part of a newspaper can this text probably be found
A．Technology. B．Community. C．History. D．Culture.
【答案】10．D 11．A 12．D 13．A 14．B
【导语】本文介绍了志愿服务与儿童和青少年健康之间的积极关系，指出志愿服务有助于提升他们的身心健康，并鼓励人们尝试参与志愿服务。
10．推理判断题。根据“That’s according to a recent study in JAMA Network Open. It found that volunteering through school or community groups is connected with better wellness among children and teens.”可知，第一段介绍了研究的结果。故选D。
11．推理判断题。根据“Kids who volunteered were 66% more likely to be considered ‘growing well’ or doing well in general. And kids aged 12 and older who volunteered were 25% less likely to have worries than those who didn’t.”可知，第二段列举了一些数据。故选A。
12．推理判断题。根据“More than 40% of high school students reported experiencing feelings of sadness or hopelessness in 2021.”可知，超过40%的高中生表示，2021年他们感到悲伤或绝望。因此1000个高中生有超过400人感到悲伤或绝望。故选D。
13．观点态度题。根据“It found that volunteering through school or community groups is connected with better wellness among children and teens.”及“Some research has also found connections between volunteering and well-being among adults. Serving the community seems to help people feel a sense of purpose.”可知，作者可能同意志愿服务对所有年龄段的人的健康都有好处。故选A。
14．推理判断题。根据“Kids who volunteer aren’t just helping their community.”可知，本文与志愿服务有关，因此可以在报纸的“社区”部分读到这篇文章。故选B。
（2024·山东菏泽·一模）
Lulu, a Hungarian PhD student at Tsinghua (清华) University, first came to Beijing in 2017. She soon fell in love with the city. Her favorite place is the hutong of Beijing. She also found her greatest hobby—Peking Opera(京剧).
The first time she saw Peking Opera was at an opera museum. “I found it really amazing,” she said. “The outfits (服装) were, of course, beautiful, and the movements were also beautiful. The face-painting was something I’d never seen before. It is so much different from Western opera.”
Out of interest, she joined the Peking Opera group of Tsinghua University. That made her see that Peking Opera is much more than just the looks. “There is really huge cultural background. And it is the most important in Peking Opera.”
The group members practice twice a week. Mostly, they practice singing and movements. The biggest problem Lulu had was learning the Asian way of singing, “In the beginning, I was using my voice in the wrong way,” she said. But with the help of teachers, she has improved a lot.
There are other international students in the group. “I really love it that Peking Opera brings us together,” she said. “I do believe that art brings us deep friendship (友谊). I hope I can share this hobby with people outside China.”
15．Lulu first came to school in ________.
A．2018 B．2017 C．2020
16．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A．The university. B．Peking Opera. C．The hutong.
17．In Lulu’s eyes, which of the following is the most important in Peking Opera
A．The beautiful outfits. B．The movements. C．The cultural background.
18．Lulu’s words in the last paragraph show that ________.
A．her teachers help her improve a lot
B．Learning Peking Opera is hard
C．Peking Opera brings people together
19．What’s the best title for the passage
A．Lulu’s Experience in China
B．Lulu’s Love for Peking Opera
C．Lulu’s Problems in Learning Opera
【答案】15．B 16．B 17．C 18．C 19．B
【导语】本文讲述了在清华就读的来自匈牙利的博士生Lulu对中国京剧的热爱，以及学习京剧的过程和收获。
15．细节理解题。根据“Lulu, a Hungarian PhD student at Tsinghua (清华) University, first came to Beijing in 2017.”可知，Lulu2017年第一次来到北京。故选B。
16．代词指代题。根据“The first time she saw Peking Opera was at an opera museum. ‘I found it really amazing’”可知，第一次看京剧是在京剧博物馆，发现它很神奇。此处的it指代前句提到的“京剧”，故选B。
17．细节理解题。根据“There is really huge cultural background. And it is the most important in Peking Opera.”可知，这里确实有很大的文化背景，在京剧中是最重要的。所以她认为京剧中最重要的是文化背景，故选C。
18．细节理解题。根据“I really love it that Peking Opera brings us together”可知，京剧把我们聚在一起。故选C。
19．最佳标题题。根据“She also found her greatest hobby—Peking Opera(京剧).”以及全文可知，她发现了自己最大的爱好——京剧，所以文章主要讲述了她对京剧的热爱。故选B。
（2024·浙江湖州·二模）
School life is many things for many different people. For you it may be fun, necessary, boring, or maybe even surprising sometimes. You may find it surprising for many reasons, and one of these reasons is being bullied (霸凌). According to a recent report, 1 in 5 young people, between the ages of 12 and 20, had been bullied in the UK. Bullying is a problem in many places. School-aged children are most likely to be bullied. Being bullied can make your school life difficult as someone or a group of people are actively trying to hurt you. Being bullied can be difficult to deal with and it is important that you know how to deal with it.
If you are being bullied, it’s very important to tell your parents first. Many children often believe they are the only ones this is happening to, and no one else cares about them. Actually it’s not true! Tell your parents the entire story. They are here to help and want to know what is going on with you. They may then be able to get in touch with the staff at the school in order to try to stop the bullying.
Inform teachers, principals, and other school helpers. These people have the power to help stop bullying. Sometimes bullies stop as soon as a teacher finds out. If you’re being bullied, teachers can provide protection by letting you stay in the classroom. It’s important to let your school know about any bullying incidents because there may be other kids being bullied by the same person.
Don’t be afraid to speak up. Bullying is not a small matter. It helps if everyone who is bullied speaks up. Getting help is the right thing to do when dealing with bullying.
Don’t use hit, kick, or push as a way to deal with someone bullying you or your friends. Fighting back satisfies bullies because it shows them that they can get to you. Fighting back can also be dangerous. If you fight with bullies, someone could get hurt and you could get in trouble. It’s best to stay with others, stay safe, and ask the nearest adult for help.
20．According to the passage, what should you do when you’re being bullied
A．Fight back. B．Speak out. C．Run away. D．Fall down.
21．What can we infer from the first paragraph
A．Bullying is really a serious problem in the UK.
B．It’s difficult to deal with the bullying in the UK.
C．School life is interesting to all students in the UK.
D．Most teenagers are afraid to go to school in the UK.
22．What does the underlined word “them” in the last paragraph refer to
A．Someone who talks to you.
B．Someone who helps you.
C．Someone who bullies you.
D．Someone who stays with you.
23．What is the purpose of the text
A．To explain the reasons of being bullied.
B．To show the ways of getting on with others.
C．To introduce the ways to deal with bullying at school.
D．To tell the steps of stopping fighting against bullying.
【答案】20．B 21．A 22．C 23．C
【导语】本文介绍了霸凌以及相关应对的建议。
20．细节理解题。根据“If you are being bullied, it’s very important to tell your parents first.”可知遇到霸凌，要说出来，故选B。
21．推理判断题。根据“According to a recent report, 1 in 5 young people, between the ages of 12 and 20, had been bullied in the UK.”可知在英国，欺凌真的是一个严重的问题。故选A。
22．词句猜测题。根据“Fighting back satisfies bullies because it shows them that they can get to you.”可知反击让欺凌者感到满意，因为这表明他们可以接近你，them指代的是霸凌者，故选C。
23．主旨大意题。本文介绍了霸凌以及相关应对的建议。故选C。
（2024·安徽合肥·一模）
When you go outside, what do you see Do you see the grass, or do you see the little flower looking out between the rocks Looking and thinking about the outside world is a kind of science. It’s called natural history. It goes back to ancient times. Scientists at the time started to look at the diversity (多样性) of the natural world.
Over time, more and more “naturalists” got busy studying, collecting and organizing the world’s animals, plants and rocks. They tried to put together the “puzzle (谜)” of life on Earth, and even the whole universe.
Today, natural history museums around the world give people a place to think about natural history. But this is only a starting point. In China, interest in natural history is very high right now. From natural history books and apps to environmental groups and activities, people are showing great interest. This is happening as China is working to make a greener world.
Nowadays, natural history is seen as a kind of life style. People like to think about it together with other things, such as art, writing, food and travel. It’s good for the mind and body. We need naturalists now more than ever. The puzzle of life on Earth is still not done, and it’s changing quickly.
24．What can we learn from Paragraph 1
A．What natural history is. B．When natural history started.
C．Why natural history is important. D．How scientists studied natural history.
25．How do people show great interest in natural history
A．By building more natural museums.
B．By reading more natural history books.
C．By taking part in more outside activities.
D．By collecting more animals, plants and rocks.
26．Why do we need naturalists more than ever
A．Because natural history is a kind of lifestyle.
B．Because there are fewer and fewer naturalists.
C．Because the puzzle of life is changing quickly.
D．Because people put natural history with others together.
【答案】24．A 25．B 26．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了有关自然历史的相关信息。
24．细节理解题。根据“Looking and thinking about the outside world is a kind of science. It’s called natural history.”可知，第一段中讲到了“什么是自然历史”，故选A。
25．细节理解题。根据“From natural history books and apps to environmental groups and activities, people are showing great interest”可知，从自然历史书籍和应用程序到环保组织和活动，人们表现出极大的兴趣，故选B。
26．细节理解题。根据“We need naturalists now more than ever. The puzzle of life on Earth is still not done, and it’s changing quickly.”可知，因为地球上的生命之谜仍未解开，而且变化很快，所以需要更多的博物学家，故选C。
（2024·安徽合肥·一模）
What’s the end of the world for a chocolate lover Somewhere with no chocolates! Scientists said the world could run out of chocolate within 40 years. It is because global warming is bad for cacao (可可) trees.
The trees can only grow within 20 degrees north and south of the equator (赤道). They like rich rain. However, the rising temperatures can make the air dryer. It also makes the land less fit for growing cacao. The warming weather could also make tree illnesses spread faster.
Although warming weather is making trouble for cacao planting, we’ll still have it in the near future.
The world is trying to do what it can to save our favorite candy. Scientists are working to make the cacao plants strong against illnesses. They are using gene editing (基因编辑) to change the DNA of cacao.
Another way to save chocolate is a growing method called cabruca from Brazil. It lets cacao grow without changing its genes. This method plants more rainforest trees to provide cacao tees with shade. It can cool the cacao down and keep the land soil wet.
What’s more, cacao is also produced in the Caribbean, India and Australia. These countries can help with growing more cacao if necessary.
27．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A．Where cacao trees like to grow.
B．What makes cacao trees seldom ill.
C．Why global warming is bad for cacao trees.
D．What the best temperature for cacao trees is.
28．How are scientists working to make cacao trees stronger
A．By changing the weather.
B．By changing the DNA of cacao.
C．By using more medicine on cacao trees.
D．By planting cacao trees in more counties.
29．What does the underlined word “shade” probably mean in Paragraph 5
A．阴凉 B．营养 C．热量 D．雨水
30．What is the purpose of the text
A．To teach people how to plant cacao trees.
B．To help people produce more chocolate.
C．To show people chocolate is running out.
D．To tell people hotter weather is bad for cacao trees.
【答案】27．C 28．B 29．A 30．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了全球变暖对可可树有坏处。
27．主旨大意题。根据“The trees can only grow within 20 degrees north and south of the equator (赤道). They like rich rain. However, the rising temperatures can make the air dryer....”可知，第二段主要讲述为什么全球变暖对可可树有坏处，故选C。
28．细节理解题。根据“Scientists are working to make the cacao plants strong against illnesses. They are using gene editing (基因编辑) to change the DNA of cacao.”可知，科学家们正在努力使可可植物具有抗病能力，他们正在使用基因编辑来改变可可的DNA。故选B。
29．词义猜测题。根据“This method plants more rainforest trees to provide cacao tees with shade. It can cool the cacao down and keep the land soil wet.”可知，这种方法种植更多的雨林树木，为可可树提供阴凉处，它可以使可可树降温，保持土壤湿润，故此处划线部分意为“阴凉”。故选A。
30．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了全球变暖对可可树有坏处。故选D。
（2024·江苏无锡·一模）
Have you ever paid for educational podcasts (播客) or live videos Ask some people and most of them will say yes. “Pay-for-knowledge” has been more and more fashionable these years. The contents of these “pay-for-knowledge” products are from language learning to gardening or baby-caring. Everything you think of can be found online at this moment. “Pay-for-knowledge” is on the rise (兴起).
Why is “pay-for-knowledge” industry developing so rapidly First, its development is based on the Internet. With a fast network and a smartphone, anyone who has passed the identity (身份) check can be an online teacher, and anyone with an online account can buy “pay-for-knowledge” products that he or she wants at an affordable price. Second, people are afraid to miss any information. On one hand, people hope for more useful information. On the other hand, such information is usually at the hands of experts (专家) who serve well-known companies and universities. Moreover, the need to learn new skills in today’s job market also pushes people to learn on such educational podcasts.
The industry of “pay-for-knowledge” has proved to be lucrative. It promises possibilities of turning information into money. It is good for the development of our country and it can help sellers make lots of money. Besides, buyers can enjoy self-growth from it. What’s more, this is a reflection (反映) of respect for knowledge and talents.
However, the rapid development of “pay-for-knowledge” has a few problems. For one thing, the market is full of eye-catching words such as “How to be an Industry’s Expert in 5 Hours” and “15 Classes to Be a Master of Appreciating (欣赏) Classical Music”, which sound like if you pay for it, you are sure to succeed. For another, a large number of customers buy them just for showing off. In fact, those who have really had self-growth after buying online courses may be the kind of people who need them least. In other words, with or without these courses, they can make it anyway, because they are those who have the ability to learn by themselves.
In general, the best is the one that suits you most. “Pay-for-knowledge” may be used as a good start for self-growth. Be careful! Otherwise, your dream of success may not come true.
31．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．“Pay-for-knowledge” products can help all the people succeed.
B．“Pay-for-knowledge” products can offer people different kinds of courses.
C．People who can teach themselves need “pay-for-knowledge” products most.
D．People must learn from experts who serve famous companies and universities.
32．The underlined phrase “be lucrative” in Paragraph 3 means “________”.
A．produce lots of money B．get much information
C．win great respect D．enjoy self-growth
33．The main purpose of this passage is to ________.
A．recommend the “pay-for-knowledge” products to people
B．advise everyone to learn knowledge by themselves online
C．remind people to choose “pay-for-knowledge” products wisely
D．teach parents how to buy some online courses for their children
【答案】31．B 32．A 33．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了为知识付费行业的迅速发展，它有很多优势条件，但同时也伴随着不利条件，因此作者提醒人们要明智的选择为知识付费的产品。
31．细节理解题。根据“The contents of these ‘pay-for-knowledge’ products are from language learning to gardening or baby-caring. Everything you think of can be found online at this moment.”可知，知识付费的产品能给人们提供各种各样的课程。故选B。
32．词义猜测题。根据“It promises possibilities of turning information into money. It is good for the development of our country and it can help sellers make lots of money.”可知，为知识付费的产业预示了信息转为金钱的能力，因此可推知be lucrative是指“创造财富，带来金钱”。故选A。
33．主旨大意题。本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了为知识付费行业的迅速发展，它有很多优势条件，但同时也伴随着不利条件，因此作者提醒人们要明智的选择为知识付费的产品。故选C。
（2024·河南周口·一模）
Bird’s nest
Do you know what birds use to build their nests You may say that birds usually build their nests with sticks, leaves or grass. But do you know that birds are also building their nests with rubbish these years The rubbish includes cigarette butts (烟头) and plastic bags.
A group of European scientists looked into about 35,000 studies on bird nests. They found that birds have used man-made things in nests almost everywhere on Earth except Antarotica. Some rubbish seems to be helpful. This is why birds “like” putting it in their nests. For example, cigarette butts have special smell, so they can keep insects away and protect the baby birds. Plastic bags are useful in keeping the animals warm, and other hard things, such as paper cards, can make nests stronger.
However, in the end, human rubbish may only bring more harm to birds. The toxic (有毒的) chemicals in cigarettes hurt the baby birds. They may get sick or have shorter lives, according to a study. To make matters worse, if the cigarette still burns when the bird brings it back to its home, it may set fire to the nest. Pieces of fishing net may also trap birds, and it’s impossible for them to get out by themselves. If the baby birds eat other kinds of rubbish by accident, they will also get hurt. Our bird friends in the air are feeling the bad effects of humans polluting the environment.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
34．How does the writer lead into the topic about bird’s nests in Paragraph 1
A．By telling a joke. B．By setting an example.
C．By asking a question. D．By making a survey.
35．Which of the following things is NOT used by the birds to build their nests according to the text
A．Paper cards. B．Cigarette butts. C．Plastic bags. D．Wooden boards.
36．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The bad influence that human rubbish has on birds.
B．The harm that the environment brings to the wild animals.
C．The reason why birds like using rubbish to build their nests.
D．The harmful activities that humans have done to the environment.
37．What does “it” refer to in Paragraph 3
A．the cigarette B．the bird C．the plastic bag D．the paper card
38．In which unit of a textbook can the text be found
A．Unit 1 Friendship Lasts Forever B．Unit 2 Protect the Sea
C．Unit 3 The Value of the Nest D．Unit 4 Animals and Human
【答案】34．C 35．D 36．A 37．A 38．D
【导语】本文主要讲述了许多鸟类正在用人类的垃圾筑巢，这一做法既有利也有弊。
34．细节理解题。根据第一段“Do you know what birds use to build their nests ”可知，作者通过提问引出第一段中关于鸟巢的话题。故选C。
35．细节理解题。根据第二段“For example, cigarette butts have special smell, so they can keep insects away and protect the baby birds. Plastic bags are useful in keeping the animals warm, and other hard things, such as paper cards, can make nests stronger.”可知，鸟会用烟头、塑料袋和纸卡来筑巢，只有木板没有提到，故选D。
36．段落大意题。根据第三段“However, in the end, human rubbish may only bring more harm to birds. The toxic (有毒的) chemicals in cigarettes hurt the baby birds...Pieces of fishing net may also trap birds...If the baby birds eat other kinds of rubbish by accident, they will also get hurt.”可知，第三段主要讲述了人类垃圾对鸟类的不良影响。故选A。
37．词义猜测题。根据第三段“To make matters worse, if the cigarette still burns when the bird brings it back to its home, it may set fire to the nest.”可知，如果当鸟把香烟带回家时，香烟仍然燃烧，它可能会点燃巢穴，由此猜测，it指上文提到的the cigarette“香烟”，故选A。
38．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了许多鸟类正在用人类的垃圾筑巢，这一做法既有利也有弊，这篇课文和动物及人类都有关系，所以我们能够在“动物和人类”这个单元读到这篇文章，故选D。
（2024·河南驻马店·一模）
In today’s world of fast fashion and ever-growing social media, it has become almost impossible to not be influenced by ads, TikTok tutorials (教程) or recommendations from your favorite creator.
That is, until now. One of the newest and perhaps also one of the healthiest social media trends is now “de-influencing (反种草)”. In fact, de-influencing is when creators tell you why you don’t need to buy popular products in an effort to save money, shop wisely and improve mental health.
So, how do we take the idea of de-influencing and use it in our own lives How do we escape the cycle of buying things when we don’t know what we truly want
There certainly isn’t a one-size-fits-all toolbox. If you’re looking to de-influence your life, these tips can help.
Never buy on a whim (心血来潮)
If you see something you like or are attracted by a social media recommendation, put it in your shopping basket. Take a day or a week if it is a big purchase and see if you still want it after the beginning “high” has passed.
Keep note of multiples
If you already have three water bottles, do you really need another one Whenever you’re about to buy something, considered what you’ve already got
Shop secondhand
Charity shops and sites like eBay are great for when you want that happiness of shopping but don’t want the regret that comes with the fast fashion. They have the added benefit of saving your money on buying new—plus you will never get caught in the same outfit as someone else.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
39．What are Paragraph 1&2 mainly about
a. The present world. b. Things that influence us.
c. A new social media trend. d. What de-influencing is.
e. The purpose of de-influencing. f. How to use de-influencing.
A．a, b, c, d. B．b, c, d, e.
C．a, b, c, d, e. D．a, b, c, d, e, f.
40．How does the writer lead into the topic in Paragraph 3
A．By asking questions. B．By telling jokes.
C．By using an old saying. D．By making a survey.
41．What does the underlined word “purchase” mean in the text
A．Thing. B．Buying. C．Change. D．Fashion.
42．What will you do if you use de-influencing in your life
A．Buy another bottle if you already have three.
B．Buy a thing the moment you want it.
C．Buy something when you feel unhappy.
D．Buy an outfit in a charity shop.
43．In which unit of a textbook can the text be found
A．Unit 1 Our Local Area B．Unit 2 Our School Life
C．Unit 3 Shopping Wisely D．Unit 4 Learning Effectively
【答案】39．C 40．A 41．B 42．D 43．C
【导语】本文讲述了当今时代背景下，人们深受内容创作者的影响而导致过度消费。因此，“反种草”潮流应运而生。文章讲述了“反种草”的由来、目的、以及可行的方法。
39．主旨大意题。第一段讲述了当今的时代背景，影响我们的事物，即a，b。第二段，讲述了“反种草”这种新潮流的诞生、概念及其目的(意义)。对应了c，d，e。f属于第3段及其后面的内容。故选C。
40．推理判断题。根据“how do we take the idea of de-influencing and use it in our own lives How do we escape the cycle of buying things when we don’t know what we truly want”可知，通过提问来引出主题，故选A。
41．词义猜测题。该部分内容讲述“不要心血来潮购物”，该词所在句子也提示“如果你看上一个东西，先花上一天或者一周去冷静，看看最初的迫切购买欲是否已经过去”。所以划线单词表示“购买、买卖”，故选B。
42．推理判断题。根据“Charity shops and sites like eBay are great for when you want that happiness of shopping but don’t want the regret that comes with the fast fashion”可知，当你想要购物的快乐，但又不想因为快时尚而后悔的时候，慈善商店和eBay这样的网站是很好的选择，所以D“在慈善商店买一套衣服”符合题意，故选D。
43．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文是探讨关于“反种草”的行为，可以判断从“理智购物”处可以找到，故选C。
（2024·河南周口·一模）
In the past, people didn’t need sports like running to stay healthy because they were very active. But these days, many of us spend most of the day sitting down. This means we need to get some exercise in our free time, and running is a cheap and easy way to do it. It’s more fun than doing boring exercises in a gym, and all you need is a good pair of trainers and some comfortable clothes. Also, it’s a sport that people can do at any age—for example Fauja Singh finished a marathon (马拉松) at the age of 101!
To make running interesting, you can enter a race. Fun runs are very popular. These are often 5 km long and are great for beginners. You can run with your friends and maybe dress up. For fitter people, there are half-marathons, marathons, or even ultra-marathons. These can be 70-400 km long. One of the most famous is the Marathon des Sables, which takes six days and goes through the Sahara desert.
Running is fun and scientists say it is one of the best ways to keep fit. However, make sure you don’t do it every day—it’s important to have a rest between runs. Running improves the health of almost every part of your body, including your brain. It can make you feel happier and healthier, and live longer. It also helps you sleep well, and that gives you the energy to enjoy your life more. Perhaps it’s the perfect sport!
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
44．Why do many people need to exercise in their free time nowadays
A．Because they need to lose weight. B．Because running is a popular sport.
C．Because they sit down most of the day. D．Because they want to join sports games.
45．Why is Fauja Singh mentioned in the text
A．He runs ultra-marathons often. B．He invented a new type of running.
C．He is the fastest runner in the world. D．He finished a marathon at very old age.
46．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A．The most fun running race. B．The hardest running race.
C．Different kinds of marathons. D．Different kinds of running events.
47．What should runners be careful about, according to the text
A．Not running at night. B．Resting between runs.
C．Warming up before running. D．Choosing the right time of day.
48．What is the best title for the text
A．What is so Great about Running B．How Marathons Benefit Us
C．Invite Your Parents to Run along. D．Join Running as Early as Possible.
【答案】44．C 45．D 46．D 47．B 48．A
【导语】本文介绍了跑步的好处。
44．细节理解题。根据“But these days, many of us spend most of the day sitting down. This means we need to get some exercise in our free time”可知是因为我们中的许多人一天中的大部分时间都是坐着的。故选C。
45．细节理解题。根据“Also, it’s a sport that people can do at any age—for example Fauja Singh finished a marathon (马拉松) at the age of 101!”可知他在很老的时候跑完了马拉松。故选D。
46．主旨大意题。根据“To make running interesting, you can enter a race.”以及本段内容，可知是介绍了不同类型的跑步项目。故选D。
47．细节理解题。根据“However, make sure you don’t do it every day—it’s important to have a rest between runs.”可知在跑步之间休息是很重要的。故选B。
48．最佳标题题。本文介绍了跑步的好处。故选A。
（2023·浙江湖州·中考真题）
Scientists believe the Earth is 4.6 billion years old. However, the mountains, valleys (山谷), hills, rivers, deserts and forests we see today are much younger than that. For example, Mount Qomolangma is about 60 million years old and the Amazon rainforest is only 10 million years old. The youngest sea in the world is the Baltic Sea, at about 15000 years old.
The Earth is always changing because of volcanoes (火山), earthquakes and of course, wind and rain. Some of these changes are very slow and others are quick. Water and ice can make very great changes to the planet. For example, glaciers rivers of ice can cut through mountains and make lakes and deep valleys. Many volcanoes are under the oceans and sometimes they become new islands. This is happening in the South Pacific, near Tonga.
It’s normal for our planet to change, but at the moment, scientists think it’s changing faster than usual. Some deserts are growing and many forests are getting smaller. The weather is getting wetter in some places and drier in others, and there are more big storms. According to the research, the sea level will continue to rise in the next hundred years. As a result, many cities will possibly be covered by water and much of the most productive farming areas will be lost. Some island countries are likely to disappear on the map of the world.
These changes will bring great harm to the planet. However, they can be beneficial to some people. For example, as the Arctic is getting warmer, some people in Greenland now own businesses and sell vegetables they grow on their land. That wasn’t possible in the far north 50 years ago. Farmers in Greenland like the warm weather and hope it will continue.
49．How does the writer describe the changes of the Earth in Paragraph 2
A．By using sayings. B．By giving examples.
C．By telling stories. D．By listing numbers.
50．From Paragraph 3, we can mainly learn about ________.
A．the age of the Earth B．problems for the planet
C．the life of the farmers D．influences on the mountains
51．The underlined word “beneficial” in Paragraph 4 is the closest in meaning to “________”.
A．harmful B．normal C．helpful D．uncomfortable
【答案】49．B 50．B 51．C
【导语】本文主要讲述了地球因为各种原因总是在变化，详细地介绍了这些变化的好处和坏处。
49．推理判断题。根据“For example, glaciers rivers of ice can cut through mountains and make lakes and deep valleys…”可知，通过举例子的方式来描述地球的变化，故选B。
50．推理判断题。根据“The weather is getting wetter in some places and drier in others, and there are more big storms…As a result, many cities will possibly be covered by water and much of the most productive farming areas will be lost. Some island countries are likely to disappear on the map of the world”可知，第三段主要介绍了这些变化所带来的问题，故选B。
51．词义猜测题。根据“These changes will bring great harm to the planet.”以及“However, they can be beneficial to some people.”可知，这些变化会带来危害，However表示转折，划线句子应说也可以带来好处，也就是给一些朋友带来帮助，故选C。
（2023·宁夏·中考真题）
Imagine a tiny robot crawling（爬）through your body, helping doctors with their work. It’s not from a science novel. Doctors are now using robots to do operations（手术）. This is because robots can do some work that doctors can’t. The robots carry small cameras, which allow doctors to look inside patients’ bodies. The robots also have tiny scissors and other tools. “It’s like having little hands inside the patients,” said Dr. Wang from a hospital in Beijing.
Here’s how they work: The doctor makes a small cut in a patient. Then, the doctor puts the robot through the cut. Next, the doctor controls the robot to reach where it needs to go. Finally, with the help of the robot, the doctor looks inside the patient’s body and begins to work.
The robots have many advantages for doctors and patients. They help cut medical costs and make difficult operations quicker and easier. They allow doctors to operate with less damage（伤害）to patients’ bodies, too. This helps them to heal（治愈）faster.
However, the robots aren’t perfect. They can be expensive. What’s more, they are just tools to help humans, and they must be used by skilled doctors. Even the best robots can’t do everything that humans can do.
Scientists are working to make robots, smarter. Someday, robots may do even more than expected for humans.
52．The robots carry ________ to help doctors look inside patients’ bodies.
A．small cameras B．little hands C．common tools D．tiny scissors
53．In what order does the doctor do operations with the help of the robot
a. Look inside the patient’s body and begin to work.
b. Control the robot to reach where it needs to go.
c. Put the robot into the patient’s body through the cut.
d. Make a small cut.
A．d→b→c→a B．d→c→a→b C．d→a→c→b D．d→c→b→a
54．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The size of the robots.
B．The future of the robots.
C．The costs of the robots.
D．The advantages of the robots.
55．What may be the best title for the passage
A．Doctors Cut Medical Costs
B．Scientists Make Robots Smarter
C．Robots Help Doctors with Operations
D．Patients Do More than Expected
【答案】52．A 53．D 54．D 55．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了机器人现在可以帮助医生做手术。
52．细节理解题。根据“This is because robots can do some work that doctors can’t. The robots carry small cameras, which allow doctors to look inside patients’ bodies.”可知这些机器人携带小型摄像头，帮助医生查看病人的身体内部。故选A。
53．细节理解题。根据“Here’s how they work: The doctor makes a small cut in a patient. Then, the doctor puts the robot through the cut. Next, the doctor controls the robot to reach where it needs to go. Finally, with the help of the robot, the doctor looks inside the patient’s body and begins to work.”（它们的工作原理是这样的：医生在病人身上切一个小口。然后，医生让机器人穿过切口。接下来，医生控制机器人到达它需要去的地方。最后，在机器人的帮助下，医生观察病人的身体内部并开始工作。）可知正确的顺序是：做一个小切口——通过切口将机器人放入病人体内——控制机器人到达需要去的地方——观察病人身体内部并开始工作。故选D。
54．段落大意题。根据“The robots have many advantages for doctors and patients.”可知第三段介绍机器人的优势，故选D。
55．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了机器人现在可以帮助医生做手术。故选C。
（2023·辽宁鞍山·中考真题）
China has made a system of laws to protect the environment. It has helped build beautiful China, according to a work report.
The system includes the Environmental Protection Law and a lot of laws in some other areas, such as the Yangtze River Protection Law, the Yellow River Protection Law, the Black Soil (土壤) Protection Law, the law on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and so on. These environmental protection laws assist with beautiful China.
China protects and improves the environment in which people live. It has made great efforts to prevent and control pollution. Over the past five years, the air quality (质量) has stayed at the good level on 86.5 percent of the days in cities. The country has also made progress in preventing and controlling soil pollution and continued to protect forests, rivers, lakes and so on. What’s more, China has managed to make laws to protect wild animals and plants, provide homes for many animals and teach the public to help them. Animals are friends of humans, and protecting animals is also to protect the home of humans.
A good environment is important to humans. Without the fresh air or clean water, we can’t live on the earth. The Chinese government has taken action to protect both. the environment and ourselves.
56．There are at least ________ laws in Paragraph 2.
A．5 B．6 C．7 D．8
57．The underlined word “assist” in Paragraph 2 is similar to ________.
A．part B．agree C．help D．deal
58．According to Paragraph 3, we have done something to protect the animals, including ________.
①providing homes for many animals
②giving animals more food
③teaching the public to help animals
④making laws to protect wild animals and plants
A．①②③ B．①③④ C．①②④ D．②③④
59．Over the past five years, the air quality in cities has generally stayed at the ________ level.
A．bad B．terrible C．poor D．good
60．What’s the main idea of the passage
A．A system of laws has been made to protect soil around China.
B．The country has made progress in preventing river pollution.
C．China protects and improves the environment in which people live.
D．China has taken action to protect the environment and humans.
【答案】56．A 57．C 58．B 59．D 60．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了中国已采取了很多行动保护环境和人类。
56．细节理解题。根据“The system includes the Environmental Protection Law and a lot of laws in some other areas, such as the Yangtze River Protection Law, the Yellow River Protection Law, the Black Soil (土壤) Protection Law, the law on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and so on”可知该体系包括《环境保护法》和其他一些领域的许多法律，如《长江保护法》、《黄河保护法》、《黑土保护法》、《青藏高原法》等。故选A。
57．词义猜测题。根据“These environmental protection laws assist with beautiful China.”可知这些环境保护法有助于建设美丽的中国，故此处划线部分和help意义相近。故选C。
58．细节理解题。根据“China has managed to make laws to protect wild animals and plants, provide homes for many animals and teach the public to help them”可知中国还制定了保护野生动植物的法律，为许多动物提供了家园，并教导公众帮助它们。故选B。
59．细节理解题。根据“Over the past five years, the air quality (质量) has stayed at the good level”可知在过去的五年里，空气质量一直保持在良好水平。故选D。
60．主旨大意题。根据“The Chinese government has taken action to protect both. the environment and ourselves.”以及本文内容可知本文主要介绍了中国已采取了很多行动保护环境和人类。故选D。
（2023·甘肃甘南·中考真题）
A Bite of China has become a hot topic of discussion on the Internet in China since it appeared on China Central Television. This TV program is a documentary about traditional Chinese food.
The program has more than one hundred million Chinese audiences(观众). Most of them see not only the common food but also the changes in our lives today. And the audiences also have chances to see how hard the cooks and farmers have to work to make such wonderful Chinese food. It shows the taste of Chinese through different ways. It is close to the nature, near our life, including customs(风俗), weather, geography, history and our spirits.
The director of A Bite of China is Chen Xiaoqing. He started taking documentaries in 1991. “The memory of taste is the deepest. Many people in China have success in their lives but they have to be far away from their homes. But they still have a stomach of their hometowns. This is why many people enjoy the program,” Chen said. “We want to show a real original ecology(原生态) China. A Bite of China talks about food, but it talks more than food.”
A Bite of China tells us from the start of culture to the high level of the spirit, the influence(影响) of the places and the changes of China. Food is the most important part of the development(发展) of Chinese civilization(文明).
61．A Bite of China is ________.
A．a movie B．a documentary C．a sports show
62．Many people like A Bite of China ________.
A．because it brings the memory of taste from their hometowns
B．because it introduces different kinds of weather around China
C．because you can know every travel place all over China
63．From the program, we can know that ________.
A．about 100,000 Chinese audiences are interested in this program
B．these wonderful Chinese foods are not easy to produce
C．the director of the program is Chen Qing
64．What does the underlined part “it talks more than food” mean
A．CCTV can make more money through the program.
B．We can know Chinese culture through food.
C．What people think of the program is more important.
65．Where can we probably find the passage
A．In a notice. B．In a school play. C．In a newspaper.
【答案】61．B 62．A 63．B 64．B 65．C
【导语】本文主要介绍《舌尖上的中国》这部纪录片。
61．细节理解题。根据“This TV program is a documentary about traditional Chinese food.”可知，《舌尖上的中国》是一部关于中国传统食品的纪录片。故选B。
62．细节理解题。根据“The memory of taste is the deepest. Many people in China have success in their lives but they have to be far away from their homes. But they still have a stomach of their hometowns. This is why many people enjoy the program”可知，味道的记忆是最深的。在中国，许多人在生活中取得了成功，但他们不得不远离家乡。但他们对自己的家乡还是有好感的。这就是为什么很多人喜欢这个节目。故选A。
63．推理判断题。根据“And the audiences also have chances to see how hard the cooks and farmers have to work to make such wonderful Chinese food.”可知，观众也有机会看到厨师和农民是如何努力工作来制作如此美味的中国食物。需要努力工作制作这些食物，所以这些美味的中国食物并不容易制作。故选B。
64．词句猜测题。根据“A Bite of China talks about food, but it talks more than food.”和“A Bite of China tells us from the start of culture to the high level of the spirit”可知，《舌尖上的中国》讲述的不仅是食物，还告诉我们从文化的起点到精神的高度，所以我们可以通过食物了解中国文化。故选B。
65．推理判断题。本文主要介绍《舌尖上的中国》这部纪录片，所以推测可能在报纸上看到这篇文章，故选C。
（2023·江苏盐城·中考真题）
A team of Chinese scientists and climbers reached the top of Qomolangma at about 12:30 p.m. on Tuesday, May 23. It’s the second time since last year for the science expedition (考察) team to reach the top.
The team was made up of 13 Chinese scientists and climbers. They set off at a height of 8,300 metres for the top at about 3 a.m. After more than 8 hours of hard climbing, they arrived at the 8,830-metre weather station.
After fixing steel ropes, changing batteries and putting in wind speed and direction sensors (传感器), they finished improving the world’s highest automated(自动化的) weather station, which was setup by Chinese scientists last year. Besides, they collected ice-snow samples on the top for further research.
The weather station records temperatures, wind speeds and other key data for studying climate change. Climate scientists have found that global warming has had a large influence on the glacier number on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (青藏高原).
Over the last fifty years, the temperature on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has risen about 0.5℃ every ten years. Studying the ecosystem(生态系统) of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau will help scientists have a better understanding of the influence of climate change, and help scientists and the government make proper decisions.
Since the mid-20th century, China has sent different research expedition teams to Qomolangma. But because of limited resources and technologies, many key scientific questions are still unanswered, such as whether global warming can melt the ice at the top of Qomolangma, and how ecosystem can change as height increases to extremity.
66．How many times has the Chinese science expedition team reached the top since last year
A．Once. B．Twice. C．Three times. D．Four times.
67．Which paragraph best describes the picture below
A．Paragraph 1. B．Paragraph 2. C．Paragraph 3. D．Paragraph 4.
68．What does Paragraph 5 mainly talk about
A．The way of scientists studying climate change.
B．The effort of government to solve climate change.
C．The influence of climate change on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
D．The importance of studying ecosystem of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
69．What can we know from the passage
A．The team set of fat a height of 8,830 metres for the top at about 3 a.m.
B．The team collected rock samples on the top for further research.
C．China has setup the world's highest automated weather station so far.
D．All the key scientific questions have been answered up to now.
【答案】66．B 67．B 68．D 69．C
【导语】本文主要讲述了中国科学家利用气象站去研究珠穆朗玛峰的气候变化情况以及全球变暖对青藏高原的影响。
66．细节理解题。根据“ It’s the second time since last year for the science expedition (考察) team to reach the top.”可知，自去年以来，中国科学考察队登顶了两次，故选B。
67．推理判断题题。根据图片的展示可知，图片展示的是科学家和登山者到达气象站的情况，与第二段表达的内容一致，故选B。
68．段落大意题。根据“Over the last fifty years, the temperature on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has risen about 0.5℃ every ten years. Studying the ecosystem(生态系统) of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau will help scientists have a better understanding of the influence of climate change, and help scientists and the government make proper decisions.”可知，本段主要是介绍研究青藏高原的生态系统的重要性，故选D。
69．细节理解题。根据“After fixing steel ropes, changing batteries and putting in wind speed and direction sensors (传感器), they finished improving the world’s highest automated(自动化的) weather station, which was setup by Chinese scientists last year.”可知，到目前为止，中国已经建立了世界上最高的自动化气象站。故选C。
（2023·山东德州·中考真题）
Scientists train AI to read human thoughts
Scientists have created a new tool that can turn people’s thoughts into words. It works by using an AI program called GPT-1 to translate brain activity words. In order to achieve this, scientists did a lot.
First, scientists got everything ready before the tests. They invited some volunteers. Each spent sixteen hours listening to stories in a scanner (扫描仪). They imagined the stories as they heard them, and the scanner recorded their brain activity. GPT-1 made connections between the ideas in the stories and the recordings of the listeners’ brain activity.
Then came the tests. The scientists did them in three different ways.
Test 1
The researchers played a new story. GPT-1 was only given recordings of the volunteers’ brain activity. But the words that GPT-1 predicted (预测) were very similar to the words in the story that they were listening to. The words weren’t exactly the same, but they often carried the same meaning. For example, when a volunteer was listening to a story about a woman who didn't have a driver’s license (驾照), the program came up with this: “She hasn’t even started to learn to drive yet.”
Test 2
The scientists also carried out the test when volunteers imagined their own stories. “It really works at the level of ideas. The ideas are the same but expressed in different words,” says Alexander Huth, one of the scientists behind the study.
Test 3
The researchers showed the volunteers silent movies, with no spoken words at all. GPT-1 could still figure out (算出) the basic ideas.
After the tests, the scientists say that GPT-1 is the first AI program to turn what people are thinking into words without brain surgery (外科手术). The tool isn’t something that can be easily used today, mainly because of the size and the cost of the scanner. In the future, they believe, a similar but cheaper tool could help people who have lost the ability to speak because of an injury or disease.
The scientists say their tool can’t be used to “read people’s minds” without permission (允许). The tool only works if the person wants to share their thoughts.
70．What was the scanner used to do
A．Record brain activity. B．Read the volunteers’ ideas.
C．Catch the ideas of stories. D．Work out the ideas.
71．What was GPT-1 used to do
A．Receive sounds. B．Test the scanner.
C．Produce silent movies. D．Turn recordings of brain activity into words.
72．In which way was information put into volunteers’ brain in Test 3
A．Listening. B．Imagining. C．Watching. D．Reading.
73．Why did scientists do the tests
A．To show how the tool works. B．To prove that the tool works well.
C．To test in which fields the tool can be used. D．To study whose mind can be read.
74．Who could the tool help according to the passage
A．People who can’t speak. B．People who can’t hear.
C．People who can’t read. D．People who can’t drive.
【答案】70．A 71．D 72．C 73．B 74．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了科学家们创造了一种新的工具，可以把人们的思想转化为文字。
70．细节理解题。根据“and the scanner recorded their brain activity.”可知扫描仪记录大脑活动。故选A。
71．细节理解题。根据“It works by using an AI program called GPT-1 to translate brain activity words.”可知GPT-1把大脑活动的记录转化成文字。故选D。
72．细节理解题。根据“The researchers showed the volunteers silent movies, with no spoken words at all.”可知研究人员给志愿者们看了一些无声电影，这些电影没有任何言语，所以是“看”。故选C。
73．推理判断题。根据“In order to achieve this, scientists did a lot.”、“First, scientists got everything ready before the tests.”和“Then came the tests. The scientists did them in three different ways.”可知科学家们创造了一种新的工具，可以把人们的思想转化为文字，所以为了证明这个工具运行良好，所以才做测试，故选B。
74．推理判断题。根据“The researchers showed the volunteers silent movies, with no spoken words at all. GPT-1 could still figure out (算出) the basic ideas.”（研究人员给志愿者们看了一些无声电影，这些电影没有任何言语。GPT-1仍然可以找出基本的思想。）可推断这个工具可以帮助不能说话的人。故选A。
（2023·四川甘孜·中考真题）
When you hear the word “shapeshifting (变身)”, you may think of magic in some movies and not the climate(气候) . But that’s what animals are doing to go on living in the world.
A new study shows that some animals are slowly growing larger beaks(喙), legs and ears. In this way they can cool themselves down more easily as the Earth gets warmer. When we talk about the climate change, we often ask “What can humans do with this ” “How can we live in the future ” “But we should know that animals also have to face these changes,” said Sara Ryding, from Deakin University, Australia. If animals do nothing to keep their normal(正常的) body temperature, they will die.
In one example, the beaks of some kinds of Australian parrots have grown 4 to 10 percent larger. The study says it has a lot to do with the hotter summer over the years. There are other similar examples. Wood mice have longer tails and bats(蝙蝠) in warm climates have bigger wings.
Although the changes are still small, they could be common as the weather becomes hotter. “Body parts like ears may become bigger, so we might be able to see a real Dumbo (big-eared elephant from a Disney cartoon) in the near future,” Ryding told the reporters.
75．Why do animals grow bigger body parts
A．To become stronger. B．To enjoy a better life.
C．To find food easily. D．To keep normal body temperature.
76．How many animals are mentioned in Paragraph 3
A．2. B．3. C．4. D．5.
77．What does the underlined word “they” refer to in the last paragraph
A．Changes. B．Tails. C．Wings. D．Examples.
78．What does the text mainly tell us
A．Why climate changes so much. B．When the climate starts to change.
C．How animals deal with hotter weather. D．What the weather will be like in the future.
【答案】75．D 76．B 77．A 78．C
【导语】本文主要介绍动物为适应环境变化进行“变身”。
75．细节理解题。根据“In this way they can cool themselves down more easily as the Earth gets warmer.”可知动物身体部位变得更大是为了让自己更容易保持凉爽，以保持它们的正常体温。故选D。
76．细节理解题。根据“In one example, the beaks of some kinds of Australian parrots have”；“Wood mice have longer tails and bats(蝙蝠) in warm climates have bigger wings.”可知提到澳大利亚鹦鹉、老鼠和蝙蝠共3种。故选B。
77．词义猜测题。根据“Although the changes are still small, they could be common as the weather becomes hotter.”可知尽管变化很小，随着天气更热它们会变得常见。故they指“changes”。故选A。
78．主旨大意题。根据“you may think of magic in some movies and not the climate(气候) . But that’s what animals are doing to go on living in the world.”可知本文主要讲应对环境温度变热，动物身体出现的变化，故选C。
（2023·四川甘孜·中考真题）
What are the most popular pets in the world Cats and dogs!
In the USA, there are mo专题10 阅读理解之说明文
【题型解读】
说明文是以说明为主要表达方式用来说明事物，阐明事理的一种文体。说明文从内容上主要围绕下列主题而展开，科普知识类、动植物特性类、自然现象类、新产品、新工艺介绍类、风土人情类。文中解释性、定义性、说明性句子较多，长难句较多。实验、研究型文章一般会以实验的过程、进展为线索，多用描述法、问题与对策法等方法，通过列数据、做对比等来说明新的科学研究发现及其产生的影响。介绍说明型文章通常是介绍一种新产品、新技术，更多运用描述法从功能、用途、材料和市场前景等方面进行介绍。说明文通常采用以下结构形式：
总分式: 总——分式和分——总式结构，以及完整的“总——分——总”结构。
递进式: 事理说明文常用这种结构形式，通常由浅入深、由表及里、由现象到本质，逐层递进，一层一层地剖析事理。
并列式：文章各部分的内容没有主次轻重之分。
对照式：通过两个事物的比较和对照说明其异同。
【命题规律】
分析2023年各地区说明文类阅读理解，大都考查细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题以及主旨大意题
细节理解题命题方式 ：
1.特殊疑问句形式。以when，where，what.which，who，how much/many等疑问词开头引出问题。
2.填空题形式。通常涉及与主题有关的事实或细节。
题型和考查角度：
1.高频考点：直接信息题；间接信息题。
2.中频考点：数字计算题；
3.低频考点：细节排序题；正误判断题。
推理判断题
题型和考查角度：
1.高频考点：隐含意义、写作意图、观点态度。
2.低频考点：文章出处、文章结构、目标读者。
词义猜测题
题型和考查角度：
1.猜测生词或熟词生义。
2.猜测短语的意义。
3.猜测代替词所替代的内容。
4.猜测句意。
主旨大意题
题型和考查角度：
1.主题类：文章大意题和段落大意题(概括文章或段落的主旨大意)
2.标题类：标题判断题（选择最佳标题）。
【解题技巧】
阅读说明类文章重在把握被说明事物各因素之间的联系，如因果、条件、从属、并列等；以及说明方法，如定义、例释、类比等。考生应加强此类文章的阅读训练，不断提高判断、归纳、分析和解决问题的能力。首先我们平时要多关注科学题材的文章，了解一些基本的科普知识；其次，在阅读时要注意实验的目的和结果，不能凭想象和猜测下结论；对于较难理解的句子要利用语法结构去分析；最后，要利用文章特点找准主题句，把握中心，从而一一破解题目。
明确说明对象：阅读事物说明文，首先从整体入手，把握文章的说明对象是什么;阅读事理说明文，首先弄清文章说明了什么事理。可以通过把握段落主题句来明确说明对象。
把握文章结构：说明文主题鲜明、脉络清晰，行文结构模式较为固定。弄清文本结构有助于把握文章主旨和阅读重点。作者在谋篇布局上常使用以下说明方法:描述法(包括举例子、下定义、列数据等)、因果法、问题与对策法。
阅读做标记：在阅读的时候可给段落标上序号，给重要的句子和关键词汇做上记号，尤其是各段中心句。逐段概括要点，理清说明顺序。重视首尾句的作用，重视概念句或解说性语句的作用。
审清题干：把握试题中有效的信息，确认命题的角度、阅读范围和答题方式。
定位阅读：大部分的说明文答案基本上都能直接和间接从选段中找到依据。回答问题时要注意原文利用和自我加工相结合。
关注句间衔接：句子间的逻辑关系和衔接手段不外乎列举、原因、结果、让步、对照、补充、目的、条件等。
表示列举的词:for example, for instance;表罗列的词:first，second, third， to begin with，to conclude;
表转折的词: however, but, whereas;
表示原因的词: because, since，as;
表示结果的词:so，therefore, thus, consequently, as a result;
表示对照的词:on the contrary, by contrast, in comparison;
表示目的的词: so that， in order that等。
标志词就像指路牌一样，指明作者思路发展的方向和思路之间的逻辑联系。标志词前后的信息往往都是命题和答题的主要线索或依据，因此，识别标志词对考生更快、更好地理解文章具有举足轻重的作用。
技巧一 快速读题，正确理解题干，定位关键词，带着问题读文章。
技巧二 运用正确的阅读策略，变速阅读文章，学会处理文中的冗余信息。
技巧三 注意特殊语言现象，在含有关键词的句子处标上题号。
技巧四 注意正确项和干扰项的特征，回到文中确定答案。
技巧五 合理猜测，推敲生词的含义。
技巧六 符合题目要求，对信息进行必要的加工处理。
（2024·河北石家庄·一模）
Do you often compare yourself to other people Whether it’s the number of goals you’ve scored at football or how many books you’ve read, it’s easy to compare yourself to someone else. It’s a natural behavior that helps humans learn from each other, live happily together and achieve more. However, it s not always helpful and you can find yourself fall in a comparison trap (陷阱). This is when you always measure yourself against others and base your feelings on how well they seem to be doing.
Comparison can make us feel good and bad about ourselves. “Comparing up” means seeing someone is better than you and using that to encourage yourself to aim higher and try harder. However, sometimes it can make you feel rubbish about yourself and undermine your confidence. “Comparing down” is when you see someone who seems like they’re not doing as well as you. This might make you feel you’re doing well, but it can also stop you wanting to improve.
How do you escape comparison trap If your feelings depend on what other people are doing, always stay with cheerleaders. Notice how people make you feel and spend time with friends who celebrate your strengths rather than compare themselves to you. If you follow social media (媒体) accounts that make you feel you are failing in any way, unfollow them. Find ones that make you laugh or show you lovely places instead. Finally, pay attention to your own achievements and how you can improve. The best person you can compete with is yourself.
Let’s make positive, healthy comparisons. Instead of trying to be the best aim to be your best. This means you value your own achievements and not someone else’s. Celebrate progress instead of the final result. It doesn’t matter if someone is better or faster than you, it’s how hard you try that’s important. Set some goals and pay attention to your progress. Instead of saying “I can’t do it”, say “I can’t do it yet”.
1．What is the purpose of comparing yourself to others according to the text
A．To knock your confidence.
B．To learn from each other and achieve more.
C．To make others feel bad about themselves.
D．To stop you want to move.
2．Which word is close to the underlined word “undermine”
A．Increase. B．Build. C．Weaken. D．Get.
3．What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us
A．Competing with yourself is not necessary.
B．Your feelings always depend on other people.
C．We can follow the ways to escape comparison trap.
D．Friends can make you laugh and show you lovely places.
4．What is the key to making positive, healthy comparisons
A．Valuing others’ achievements. B．Celebrating your progress.
C．Trying to be better than everyone else. D．Trying to be the best in everything.
5．Which can be a proper title for the text
A．Suggestions on “comparing up”. B．Keys to stopping comparison.
C．Benefits of aiming high. D．Ideas about making comparison.
（2024·河北石家庄·一模）
You see advertisements (ads) every day. Ads try to persuade (说服) you to buy things or tell people about coming events for you to take part in.
How to write an ad Before you write an ad von need to know your readers. What group people are you trying to reach
Writing an outline (提纲) can make sure you include all the important information. Imagine your school is having a fair to raise money for a new playground. You want as many students as possible to come. Use words that will draw people’s attention. Keeping your sentences short will help your readers read your ad more quickly. You can make an outline like this:
Sample Ad OutlinePurpose of your ad: To persuade students to come to the fair Your readers: Students in our school Questions your ad will answer: What is the event The Hillsdale School Fair. Why should they go to the event To help raise more money for a new school playground. Where’s the event The Hillsdale School Gym. When is the event Saturday, April 13, from 8 a.m. to 1 p.m. Words and phrases that are persuasive and get attention: “Share in the excitement!” “Don’t miss out on fun!” “Raise money for our school!”
Now you have decided which words to use in your ad, you also need to choose a design (设 计) that will make your ad persuasive. Bold (加粗) letters and bright colors get people’s attention. Picking the right picture to appear on the ad is an important step. Don’t try to fit too many words and pictures into your ad. Try different styles until you work out which one is the best. Then do the final draft of your ad and bring the words and the design together! Look! What a good example it is!
Keep reading ads and practicing writing your own ads until you can be a good writer of ads!
6．What should you know before you write an ad
A．The readers. B．The words. C．The pictures. D．The design.
7．Why is the ad about a school fair a good example
A．Because the sentences are long.
B．Because it doesn’t use bold letters.
C．Because it has as many pictures as possible.
D．Because it includes all the important information.
8．How does the writer end the text
A．By telling a story. B．By showing a saying.
C．By giving a suggestion. D．By showing facts with numbers.
9．What is the writer trying to do in the text
A．Introduce the ways to raise money. B．Explain how to write ads.
C．Give information about a school fair. D．Describe the importance of writing ads.
（2024·河南周口·一模）
Kids who volunteer aren’t just helping their community. They might be helping themselves. That’s according to a recent study in JAMA Network Open. It found that volunteering through school or community groups is connected with better wellness among children and teens.
The study compared kids who took part in community service with those who didn’t. Kids who volunteered were 66% more likely to be considered “growing well” or doing well in general. And kids aged 12 and older who volunteered were 25% less likely to have worries than those who didn’t. The findings come from survey data (数据). Parents of some 50,000 kids in the United States aged 6 to 17 took the survey.
Studies like this have limitations (局限性). The data can’t prove cause and effect. So it’s not possible to say for sure that volunteering leads to better mental and physical health. It could be that people in good health are more likely to have the energy to volunteer. But the data comes at an important time. More than 40% of high school students reported experiencing feelings of sadness or hopelessness in 2021.
So there’s a clear need for mental health resources (资源). Giving back to the community may be one such resource. And this study isn’t the only one to reach that result. Some research has also found connections between volunteering and well-being among adults. Serving the community seems to help people feel a sense of purpose. And it makes them feel connected to those around them. So give it a try, for your health.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
10．What is the purpose of writing the first paragraph
A．To give readers some advice. B．To ask readers to volunteer in schools.
C．To show the writer’s problems. D．To introduce the result of a new study.
11．How does the writer develop the text in Paragraph 2
A．By listing some numbers. B．By telling some stories.
C．By giving some examples. D．By raising some questions.
12．Suppose there are 1,000 students in a high school, how many of them felt sad in 2021
A．More than 100. B．More than 200.
C．More than 300. D．More than 400.
13．Which of the following may the writer agree with
A．Volunteering is good to health for all ages.
B．Physical health has nothing to do with volunteering.
C．Students more easily experience feeling of hopeless.
D．Kids like to spend more time volunteering in their schools.
14．In which part of a newspaper can this text probably be found
A．Technology. B．Community. C．History. D．Culture.
（2024·山东菏泽·一模）
Lulu, a Hungarian PhD student at Tsinghua (清华) University, first came to Beijing in 2017. She soon fell in love with the city. Her favorite place is the hutong of Beijing. She also found her greatest hobby—Peking Opera(京剧).
The first time she saw Peking Opera was at an opera museum. “I found it really amazing,” she said. “The outfits (服装) were, of course, beautiful, and the movements were also beautiful. The face-painting was something I’d never seen before. It is so much different from Western opera.”
Out of interest, she joined the Peking Opera group of Tsinghua University. That made her see that Peking Opera is much more than just the looks. “There is really huge cultural background. And it is the most important in Peking Opera.”
The group members practice twice a week. Mostly, they practice singing and movements. The biggest problem Lulu had was learning the Asian way of singing, “In the beginning, I was using my voice in the wrong way,” she said. But with the help of teachers, she has improved a lot.
There are other international students in the group. “I really love it that Peking Opera brings us together,” she said. “I do believe that art brings us deep friendship (友谊). I hope I can share this hobby with people outside China.”
15．Lulu first came to school in ________.
A．2018 B．2017 C．2020
16．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A．The university. B．Peking Opera. C．The hutong.
17．In Lulu’s eyes, which of the following is the most important in Peking Opera
A．The beautiful outfits. B．The movements. C．The cultural background.
18．Lulu’s words in the last paragraph show that ________.
A．her teachers help her improve a lot
B．Learning Peking Opera is hard
C．Peking Opera brings people together
19．What’s the best title for the passage
A．Lulu’s Experience in China
B．Lulu’s Love for Peking Opera
C．Lulu’s Problems in Learning Opera
（2024·浙江湖州·二模）
School life is many things for many different people. For you it may be fun, necessary, boring, or maybe even surprising sometimes. You may find it surprising for many reasons, and one of these reasons is being bullied (霸凌). According to a recent report, 1 in 5 young people, between the ages of 12 and 20, had been bullied in the UK. Bullying is a problem in many places. School-aged children are most likely to be bullied. Being bullied can make your school life difficult as someone or a group of people are actively trying to hurt you. Being bullied can be difficult to deal with and it is important that you know how to deal with it.
If you are being bullied, it’s very important to tell your parents first. Many children often believe they are the only ones this is happening to, and no one else cares about them. Actually it’s not true! Tell your parents the entire story. They are here to help and want to know what is going on with you. They may then be able to get in touch with the staff at the school in order to try to stop the bullying.
Inform teachers, principals, and other school helpers. These people have the power to help stop bullying. Sometimes bullies stop as soon as a teacher finds out. If you’re being bullied, teachers can provide protection by letting you stay in the classroom. It’s important to let your school know about any bullying incidents because there may be other kids being bullied by the same person.
Don’t be afraid to speak up. Bullying is not a small matter. It helps if everyone who is bullied speaks up. Getting help is the right thing to do when dealing with bullying.
Don’t use hit, kick, or push as a way to deal with someone bullying you or your friends. Fighting back satisfies bullies because it shows them that they can get to you. Fighting back can also be dangerous. If you fight with bullies, someone could get hurt and you could get in trouble. It’s best to stay with others, stay safe, and ask the nearest adult for help.
20．According to the passage, what should you do when you’re being bullied
A．Fight back. B．Speak out. C．Run away. D．Fall down.
21．What can we infer from the first paragraph
A．Bullying is really a serious problem in the UK.
B．It’s difficult to deal with the bullying in the UK.
C．School life is interesting to all students in the UK.
D．Most teenagers are afraid to go to school in the UK.
22．What does the underlined word “them” in the last paragraph refer to
A．Someone who talks to you.
B．Someone who helps you.
C．Someone who bullies you.
D．Someone who stays with you.
23．What is the purpose of the text
A．To explain the reasons of being bullied.
B．To show the ways of getting on with others.
C．To introduce the ways to deal with bullying at school.
D．To tell the steps of stopping fighting against bullying.
（2024·安徽合肥·一模）
When you go outside, what do you see Do you see the grass, or do you see the little flower looking out between the rocks Looking and thinking about the outside world is a kind of science. It’s called natural history. It goes back to ancient times. Scientists at the time started to look at the diversity (多样性) of the natural world.
Over time, more and more “naturalists” got busy studying, collecting and organizing the world’s animals, plants and rocks. They tried to put together the “puzzle (谜)” of life on Earth, and even the whole universe.
Today, natural history museums around the world give people a place to think about natural history. But this is only a starting point. In China, interest in natural history is very high right now. From natural history books and apps to environmental groups and activities, people are showing great interest. This is happening as China is working to make a greener world.
Nowadays, natural history is seen as a kind of life style. People like to think about it together with other things, such as art, writing, food and travel. It’s good for the mind and body. We need naturalists now more than ever. The puzzle of life on Earth is still not done, and it’s changing quickly.
24．What can we learn from Paragraph 1
A．What natural history is. B．When natural history started.
C．Why natural history is important. D．How scientists studied natural history.
25．How do people show great interest in natural history
A．By building more natural museums.
B．By reading more natural history books.
C．By taking part in more outside activities.
D．By collecting more animals, plants and rocks.
26．Why do we need naturalists more than ever
A．Because natural history is a kind of lifestyle.
B．Because there are fewer and fewer naturalists.
C．Because the puzzle of life is changing quickly.
D．Because people put natural history with others together.
（2024·安徽合肥·一模）
What’s the end of the world for a chocolate lover Somewhere with no chocolates! Scientists said the world could run out of chocolate within 40 years. It is because global warming is bad for cacao (可可) trees.
The trees can only grow within 20 degrees north and south of the equator (赤道). They like rich rain. However, the rising temperatures can make the air dryer. It also makes the land less fit for growing cacao. The warming weather could also make tree illnesses spread faster.
Although warming weather is making trouble for cacao planting, we’ll still have it in the near future.
The world is trying to do what it can to save our favorite candy. Scientists are working to make the cacao plants strong against illnesses. They are using gene editing (基因编辑) to change the DNA of cacao.
Another way to save chocolate is a growing method called cabruca from Brazil. It lets cacao grow without changing its genes. This method plants more rainforest trees to provide cacao tees with shade. It can cool the cacao down and keep the land soil wet.
What’s more, cacao is also produced in the Caribbean, India and Australia. These countries can help with growing more cacao if necessary.
27．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A．Where cacao trees like to grow.
B．What makes cacao trees seldom ill.
C．Why global warming is bad for cacao trees.
D．What the best temperature for cacao trees is.
28．How are scientists working to make cacao trees stronger
A．By changing the weather.
B．By changing the DNA of cacao.
C．By using more medicine on cacao trees.
D．By planting cacao trees in more counties.
29．What does the underlined word “shade” probably mean in Paragraph 5
A．阴凉 B．营养 C．热量 D．雨水
30．What is the purpose of the text
A．To teach people how to plant cacao trees.
B．To help people produce more chocolate.
C．To show people chocolate is running out.
D．To tell people hotter weather is bad for cacao trees.
（2024·江苏无锡·一模）
Have you ever paid for educational podcasts (播客) or live videos Ask some people and most of them will say yes. “Pay-for-knowledge” has been more and more fashionable these years. The contents of these “pay-for-knowledge” products are from language learning to gardening or baby-caring. Everything you think of can be found online at this moment. “Pay-for-knowledge” is on the rise (兴起).
Why is “pay-for-knowledge” industry developing so rapidly First, its development is based on the Internet. With a fast network and a smartphone, anyone who has passed the identity (身份) check can be an online teacher, and anyone with an online account can buy “pay-for-knowledge” products that he or she wants at an affordable price. Second, people are afraid to miss any information. On one hand, people hope for more useful information. On the other hand, such information is usually at the hands of experts (专家) who serve well-known companies and universities. Moreover, the need to learn new skills in today’s job market also pushes people to learn on such educational podcasts.
The industry of “pay-for-knowledge” has proved to be lucrative. It promises possibilities of turning information into money. It is good for the development of our country and it can help sellers make lots of money. Besides, buyers can enjoy self-growth from it. What’s more, this is a reflection (反映) of respect for knowledge and talents.
However, the rapid development of “pay-for-knowledge” has a few problems. For one thing, the market is full of eye-catching words such as “How to be an Industry’s Expert in 5 Hours” and “15 Classes to Be a Master of Appreciating (欣赏) Classical Music”, which sound like if you pay for it, you are sure to succeed. For another, a large number of customers buy them just for showing off. In fact, those who have really had self-growth after buying online courses may be the kind of people who need them least. In other words, with or without these courses, they can make it anyway, because they are those who have the ability to learn by themselves.
In general, the best is the one that suits you most. “Pay-for-knowledge” may be used as a good start for self-growth. Be careful! Otherwise, your dream of success may not come true.
31．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．“Pay-for-knowledge” products can help all the people succeed.
B．“Pay-for-knowledge” products can offer people different kinds of courses.
C．People who can teach themselves need “pay-for-knowledge” products most.
D．People must learn from experts who serve famous companies and universities.
32．The underlined phrase “be lucrative” in Paragraph 3 means “________”.
A．produce lots of money B．get much information
C．win great respect D．enjoy self-growth
33．The main purpose of this passage is to ________.
A．recommend the “pay-for-knowledge” products to people
B．advise everyone to learn knowledge by themselves online
C．remind people to choose “pay-for-knowledge” products wisely
D．teach parents how to buy some online courses for their children
（2024·河南周口·一模）
Bird’s nest
Do you know what birds use to build their nests You may say that birds usually build their nests with sticks, leaves or grass. But do you know that birds are also building their nests with rubbish these years The rubbish includes cigarette butts (烟头) and plastic bags.
A group of European scientists looked into about 35,000 studies on bird nests. They found that birds have used man-made things in nests almost everywhere on Earth except Antarotica. Some rubbish seems to be helpful. This is why birds “like” putting it in their nests. For example, cigarette butts have special smell, so they can keep insects away and protect the baby birds. Plastic bags are useful in keeping the animals warm, and other hard things, such as paper cards, can make nests stronger.
However, in the end, human rubbish may only bring more harm to birds. The toxic (有毒的) chemicals in cigarettes hurt the baby birds. They may get sick or have shorter lives, according to a study. To make matters worse, if the cigarette still burns when the bird brings it back to its home, it may set fire to the nest. Pieces of fishing net may also trap birds, and it’s impossible for them to get out by themselves. If the baby birds eat other kinds of rubbish by accident, they will also get hurt. Our bird friends in the air are feeling the bad effects of humans polluting the environment.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
34．How does the writer lead into the topic about bird’s nests in Paragraph 1
A．By telling a joke. B．By setting an example.
C．By asking a question. D．By making a survey.
35．Which of the following things is NOT used by the birds to build their nests according to the text
A．Paper cards. B．Cigarette butts. C．Plastic bags. D．Wooden boards.
36．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The bad influence that human rubbish has on birds.
B．The harm that the environment brings to the wild animals.
C．The reason why birds like using rubbish to build their nests.
D．The harmful activities that humans have done to the environment.
37．What does “it” refer to in Paragraph 3
A．the cigarette B．the bird C．the plastic bag D．the paper card
38．In which unit of a textbook can the text be found
A．Unit 1 Friendship Lasts Forever B．Unit 2 Protect the Sea
C．Unit 3 The Value of the Nest D．Unit 4 Animals and Human
（2024·河南驻马店·一模）
In today’s world of fast fashion and ever-growing social media, it has become almost impossible to not be influenced by ads, TikTok tutorials (教程) or recommendations from your favorite creator.
That is, until now. One of the newest and perhaps also one of the healthiest social media trends is now “de-influencing (反种草)”. In fact, de-influencing is when creators tell you why you don’t need to buy popular products in an effort to save money, shop wisely and improve mental health.
So, how do we take the idea of de-influencing and use it in our own lives How do we escape the cycle of buying things when we don’t know what we truly want
There certainly isn’t a one-size-fits-all toolbox. If you’re looking to de-influence your life, these tips can help.
Never buy on a whim (心血来潮)
If you see something you like or are attracted by a social media recommendation, put it in your shopping basket. Take a day or a week if it is a big purchase and see if you still want it after the beginning “high” has passed.
Keep note of multiples
If you already have three water bottles, do you really need another one Whenever you’re about to buy something, considered what you’ve already got
Shop secondhand
Charity shops and sites like eBay are great for when you want that happiness of shopping but don’t want the regret that comes with the fast fashion. They have the added benefit of saving your money on buying new—plus you will never get caught in the same outfit as someone else.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
39．What are Paragraph 1&2 mainly about
a. The present world. b. Things that influence us.
c. A new social media trend. d. What de-influencing is.
e. The purpose of de-influencing. f. How to use de-influencing.
A．a, b, c, d. B．b, c, d, e.
C．a, b, c, d, e. D．a, b, c, d, e, f.
40．How does the writer lead into the topic in Paragraph 3
A．By asking questions. B．By telling jokes.
C．By using an old saying. D．By making a survey.
41．What does the underlined word “purchase” mean in the text
A．Thing. B．Buying. C．Change. D．Fashion.
42．What will you do if you use de-influencing in your life
A．Buy another bottle if you already have three.
B．Buy a thing the moment you want it.
C．Buy something when you feel unhappy.
D．Buy an outfit in a charity shop.
43．In which unit of a textbook can the text be found
A．Unit 1 Our Local Area B．Unit 2 Our School Life
C．Unit 3 Shopping Wisely D．Unit 4 Learning Effectively
（2024·河南周口·一模）
In the past, people didn’t need sports like running to stay healthy because they were very active. But these days, many of us spend most of the day sitting down. This means we need to get some exercise in our free time, and running is a cheap and easy way to do it. It’s more fun than doing boring exercises in a gym, and all you need is a good pair of trainers and some comfortable clothes. Also, it’s a sport that people can do at any age—for example Fauja Singh finished a marathon (马拉松) at the age of 101!
To make running interesting, you can enter a race. Fun runs are very popular. These are often 5 km long and are great for beginners. You can run with your friends and maybe dress up. For fitter people, there are half-marathons, marathons, or even ultra-marathons. These can be 70-400 km long. One of the most famous is the Marathon des Sables, which takes six days and goes through the Sahara desert.
Running is fun and scientists say it is one of the best ways to keep fit. However, make sure you don’t do it every day—it’s important to have a rest between runs. Running improves the health of almost every part of your body, including your brain. It can make you feel happier and healthier, and live longer. It also helps you sleep well, and that gives you the energy to enjoy your life more. Perhaps it’s the perfect sport!
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
44．Why do many people need to exercise in their free time nowadays
A．Because they need to lose weight. B．Because running is a popular sport.
C．Because they sit down most of the day. D．Because they want to join sports games.
45．Why is Fauja Singh mentioned in the text
A．He runs ultra-marathons often. B．He invented a new type of running.
C．He is the fastest runner in the world. D．He finished a marathon at very old age.
46．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A．The most fun running race. B．The hardest running race.
C．Different kinds of marathons. D．Different kinds of running events.
47．What should runners be careful about, according to the text
A．Not running at night. B．Resting between runs.
C．Warming up before running. D．Choosing the right time of day.
48．What is the best title for the text
A．What is so Great about Running B．How Marathons Benefit Us
C．Invite Your Parents to Run along. D．Join Running as Early as Possible.
（2023·浙江湖州·中考真题）
Scientists believe the Earth is 4.6 billion years old. However, the mountains, valleys (山谷), hills, rivers, deserts and forests we see today are much younger than that. For example, Mount Qomolangma is about 60 million years old and the Amazon rainforest is only 10 million years old. The youngest sea in the world is the Baltic Sea, at about 15000 years old.
The Earth is always changing because of volcanoes (火山), earthquakes and of course, wind and rain. Some of these changes are very slow and others are quick. Water and ice can make very great changes to the planet. For example, glaciers rivers of ice can cut through mountains and make lakes and deep valleys. Many volcanoes are under the oceans and sometimes they become new islands. This is happening in the South Pacific, near Tonga.
It’s normal for our planet to change, but at the moment, scientists think it’s changing faster than usual. Some deserts are growing and many forests are getting smaller. The weather is getting wetter in some places and drier in others, and there are more big storms. According to the research, the sea level will continue to rise in the next hundred years. As a result, many cities will possibly be covered by water and much of the most productive farming areas will be lost. Some island countries are likely to disappear on the map of the world.
These changes will bring great harm to the planet. However, they can be beneficial to some people. For example, as the Arctic is getting warmer, some people in Greenland now own businesses and sell vegetables they grow on their land. That wasn’t possible in the far north 50 years ago. Farmers in Greenland like the warm weather and hope it will continue.
49．How does the writer describe the changes of the Earth in Paragraph 2
A．By using sayings. B．By giving examples.
C．By telling stories. D．By listing numbers.
50．From Paragraph 3, we can mainly learn about ________.
A．the age of the Earth B．problems for the planet
C．the life of the farmers D．influences on the mountains
51．The underlined word “beneficial” in Paragraph 4 is the closest in meaning to “________”.
A．harmful B．normal C．helpful D．uncomfortable
（2023·宁夏·中考真题）
Imagine a tiny robot crawling（爬）through your body, helping doctors with their work. It’s not from a science novel. Doctors are now using robots to do operations（手术）. This is because robots can do some work that doctors can’t. The robots carry small cameras, which allow doctors to look inside patients’ bodies. The robots also have tiny scissors and other tools. “It’s like having little hands inside the patients,” said Dr. Wang from a hospital in Beijing.
Here’s how they work: The doctor makes a small cut in a patient. Then, the doctor puts the robot through the cut. Next, the doctor controls the robot to reach where it needs to go. Finally, with the help of the robot, the doctor looks inside the patient’s body and begins to work.
The robots have many advantages for doctors and patients. They help cut medical costs and make difficult operations quicker and easier. They allow doctors to operate with less damage（伤害）to patients’ bodies, too. This helps them to heal（治愈）faster.
However, the robots aren’t perfect. They can be expensive. What’s more, they are just tools to help humans, and they must be used by skilled doctors. Even the best robots can’t do everything that humans can do.
Scientists are working to make robots, smarter. Someday, robots may do even more than expected for humans.
52．The robots carry ________ to help doctors look inside patients’ bodies.
A．small cameras B．little hands C．common tools D．tiny scissors
53．In what order does the doctor do operations with the help of the robot
a. Look inside the patient’s body and begin to work.
b. Control the robot to reach where it needs to go.
c. Put the robot into the patient’s body through the cut.
d. Make a small cut.
A．d→b→c→a B．d→c→a→b C．d→a→c→b D．d→c→b→a
54．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The size of the robots.
B．The future of the robots.
C．The costs of the robots.
D．The advantages of the robots.
55．What may be the best title for the passage
A．Doctors Cut Medical Costs
B．Scientists Make Robots Smarter
C．Robots Help Doctors with Operations
D．Patients Do More than Expected
（2023·辽宁鞍山·中考真题）
China has made a system of laws to protect the environment. It has helped build beautiful China, according to a work report.
The system includes the Environmental Protection Law and a lot of laws in some other areas, such as the Yangtze River Protection Law, the Yellow River Protection Law, the Black Soil (土壤) Protection Law, the law on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and so on. These environmental protection laws assist with beautiful China.
China protects and improves the environment in which people live. It has made great efforts to prevent and control pollution. Over the past five years, the air quality (质量) has stayed at the good level on 86.5 percent of the days in cities. The country has also made progress in preventing and controlling soil pollution and continued to protect forests, rivers, lakes and so on. What’s more, China has managed to make laws to protect wild animals and plants, provide homes for many animals and teach the public to help them. Animals are friends of humans, and protecting animals is also to protect the home of humans.
A good environment is important to humans. Without the fresh air or clean water, we can’t live on the earth. The Chinese government has taken action to protect both. the environment and ourselves.
56．There are at least ________ laws in Paragraph 2.
A．5 B．6 C．7 D．8
57．The underlined word “assist” in Paragraph 2 is similar to ________.
A．part B．agree C．help D．deal
58．According to Paragraph 3, we have done something to protect the animals, including ________.
①providing homes for many animals
②giving animals more food
③teaching the public to help animals
④making laws to protect wild animals and plants
A．①②③ B．①③④ C．①②④ D．②③④
59．Over the past five years, the air quality in cities has generally stayed at the ________ level.
A．bad B．terrible C．poor D．good
60．What’s the main idea of the passage
A．A system of laws has been made to protect soil around China.
B．The country has made progress in preventing river pollution.
C．China protects and improves the environment in which people live.
D．China has taken action to protect the environment and humans.
（2023·甘肃甘南·中考真题）
A Bite of China has become a hot topic of discussion on the Internet in China since it appeared on China Central Television. This TV program is a documentary about traditional Chinese food.
The program has more than one hundred million Chinese audiences(观众). Most of them see not only the common food but also the changes in our lives today. And the audiences also have chances to see how hard the cooks and farmers have to work to make such wonderful Chinese food. It shows the taste of Chinese through different ways. It is close to the nature, near our life, including customs(风俗), weather, geography, history and our spirits.
The director of A Bite of China is Chen Xiaoqing. He started taking documentaries in 1991. “The memory of taste is the deepest. Many people in China have success in their lives but they have to be far away from their homes. But they still have a stomach of their hometowns. This is why many people enjoy the program,” Chen said. “We want to show a real original ecology(原生态) China. A Bite of China talks about food, but it talks more than food.”
A Bite of China tells us from the start of culture to the high level of the spirit, the influence(影响) of the places and the changes of China. Food is the most important part of the development(发展) of Chinese civilization(文明).
61．A Bite of China is ________.
A．a movie B．a documentary C．a sports show
62．Many people like A Bite of China ________.
A．because it brings the memory of taste from their hometowns
B．because it introduces different kinds of weather around China
C．because you can know every travel place all over China
63．From the program, we can know that ________.
A．about 100,000 Chinese audiences are interested in this program
B．these wonderful Chinese foods are not easy to produce
C．the director of the program is Chen Qing
64．What does the underlined part “it talks more than food” mean
A．CCTV can make more money through the program.
B．We can know Chinese culture through food.
C．What people think of the program is more important.
65．Where can we probably find the passage
A．In a notice. B．In a school play. C．In a newspaper.
（2023·江苏盐城·中考真题）
A team of Chinese scientists and climbers reached the top of Qomolangma at about 12:30 p.m. on Tuesday, May 23. It’s the second time since last year for the science expedition (考察) team to reach the top.
The team was made up of 13 Chinese scientists and climbers. They set off at a height of 8,300 metres for the top at about 3 a.m. After more than 8 hours of hard climbing, they arrived at the 8,830-metre weather station.
After fixing steel ropes, changing batteries and putting in wind speed and direction sensors (传感器), they finished improving the world’s highest automated(自动化的) weather station, which was setup by Chinese scientists last year. Besides, they collected ice-snow samples on the top for further research.
The weather station records temperatures, wind speeds and other key data for studying climate change. Climate scientists have found that global warming has had a large influence on the glacier number on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (青藏高原).
Over the last fifty years, the temperature on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has risen about 0.5℃ every ten years. Studying the ecosystem(生态系统) of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau will help scientists have a better understanding of the influence of climate change, and help scientists and the government make proper decisions.
Since the mid-20th century, China has sent different research expedition teams to Qomolangma. But because of limited resources and technologies, many key scientific questions are still unanswered, such as whether global warming can melt the ice at the top of Qomolangma, and how ecosystem can change as height increases to extremity.
66．How many times has the Chinese science expedition team reached the top since last year
A．Once. B．Twice. C．Three times. D．Four times.
67．Which paragraph best describes the picture below
A．Paragraph 1. B．Paragraph 2. C．Paragraph 3. D．Paragraph 4.
68．What does Paragraph 5 mainly talk about
A．The way of scientists studying climate change.
B．The effort of government to solve climate change.
C．The influence of climate change on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
D．The importance of studying ecosystem of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
69．What can we know from the passage
A．The team set of fat a height of 8,830 metres for the top at about 3 a.m.
B．The team collected rock samples on the top for further research.
C．China has setup the world's highest automated weather station so far.
D．All the key scientific questions have been answered up to now.
（2023·山东德州·中考真题）
Scientists train AI to read human thoughts
Scientists have created a new tool that can turn people’s thoughts into words. It works by using an AI program called GPT-1 to translate brain activity words. In order to achieve this, scientists did a lot.
First, scientists got everything ready before the tests. They invited some volunteers. Each spent sixteen hours listening to stories in a scanner (扫描仪). They imagined the stories as they heard them, and the scanner recorded their brain activity. GPT-1 made connections between the ideas in the stories and the recordings of the listeners’ brain activity.
Then came the tests. The scientists did them in three different ways.
Test 1
The researchers played a new story. GPT-1 was only given recordings of the volunteers’ brain activity. But the words that GPT-1 predicted (预测) were very similar to the words in the story that they were listening to. The words weren’t exactly the same, but they often carried the same meaning. For example, when a volunteer was listening to a story about a woman who didn't have a driver’s license (驾照), the program came up with this: “She hasn’t even started to learn to drive yet.”
Test 2
The scientists also carried out the test when volunteers imagined their own stories. “It really works at the level of ideas. The ideas are the same but expressed in different words,” says Alexander Huth, one of the scientists behind the study.
Test 3
The researchers showed the volunteers silent movies, with no spoken words at all. GPT-1 could still figure out (算出) the basic ideas.
After the tests, the scientists say that GPT-1 is the first AI program to turn what people are thinking into words without brain surgery (外科手术). The tool isn’t something that can be easily used today, mainly because of the size and the cost of the scanner. In the future, they believe, a similar but cheaper tool could help people who have lost the ability to speak because of an injury or disease.
The scientists say their tool can’t be used to “read people’s minds” without permission (允许). The tool only works if the person wants to share their thoughts.
70．What was the scanner used to do
A．Record brain activity. B．Read the volunteers’ ideas.
C．Catch the ideas of stories. D．Work out the ideas.
71．What was GPT-1 used to do
A．Receive sounds. B．Test the scanner.
C．Produce silent movies. D．Turn recordings of brain activity into words.
72．In which way was information put into volunteers’ brain in Test 3
A．Listening. B．Imagining. C．Watching. D．Reading.
73．Why did scientists do the tests
A．To show how the tool works. B．To prove that the tool works well.
C．To test in which fields the tool can be used. D．To study whose mind can be read.
74．Who could the tool help according to the passage
A．People who can’t speak. B．People who can’t hear.
C．People who can’t read. D．People who can’t drive.
（2023·四川甘孜·中考真题）
When you hear the word “shapeshifting (变身)”, you may think of magic in some movies and not the climate(气候) . But that’s what animals are doing to go on living in the world.
A new study shows that some animals are slowly growing larger beaks(喙), legs and ears. In this way they can cool themselves down more easily as the Earth gets warmer. When we talk about the climate change, we often ask “What can humans do with this ” “How can we live in the future ” “But we should know that animals also have to face these changes,” said Sara Ryding, from Deakin University, Australia. If animals do nothing to keep their normal(正常的) body temperature, they will die.
In one example, the beaks of some kinds of Australian parrots have grown 4 to 10 percent larger. The study says it has a lot to do with the hotter summer over the years. There are other similar examples. Wood mice have longer tails and bats(蝙蝠) in warm climates have bigger wings.
Although the changes are still small, they could be common as the weather becomes hotter. “Body parts like ears may become bigger, so we might be able to see a real Dumbo (big-eared elephant from a Disney cartoon) in the near future,” Ryding told the reporters.
75．Why do animals grow bigger body parts
A．To become stronger. B．To enjoy a better life.
C．To find food easily. D．To keep normal body temperature.
76．How many animals are mentioned in Paragraph 3
A．2. B．3. C．4. D．5.
77．What does the underlined word “they” refer to in the last paragraph
A．Changes. B．Tails. C．Wings. D．Examples.
78．What does the text mainly tell us
A．Why climate changes so much. B．When the climate starts to change.
C．How animals deal with hotter weather. D．What the weather will be like in the future.
（2023·四川甘孜·中考真题）
What are the most popular pets in the world Cats and dogs!
In the USA, there are more than 100 million dogs and cats. About 60 percent of American families celebrate their pets’ birthdays.
Cats and dogs are also good topics for small talks— “What a lovely dog! What’s his name ” People easily become friends because of pets.
People think dogs are loyal(忠诚的) animals. They help do lots of jobs like hunting and guarding. They even went into space earlier than people. In 1957, Russia put a dog called Laika into space. Cats catch mice. They are not as loyal as dogs, but they can make people happy.
Today, cats and dogs are both people’s good friends. They are in the most popular cartoons. The most famous ones are Garfield and Snoopy. Garfield is a lazy fat cat. He like seating and sleeping all the time. He is smart, too. He can write some letters and tell time sometimes although he often repeats that he can’t. He is often mad at his master who can understand him well. Snoopy is a thoughtful small dog. He is quiet and he has many good friends. He likes to write stories and make his friends feel better.
79．What can we learn about American people
A．Many of them have pets. B．They are good at small talks.
C．Each of them has a dog or a cat. D．They like to have birthdays with pets.
80．What can we learn about dogs from Paragraph 4
A．They can learn quickly. B．They’re helpful. C．They’re interesting. D．They want to fly.
81．Why are cats and dogs put in cartoons
A．They are good at acting. B．People love them.
C．People like to make friends. D．They have different interests.
82．What can be the best title of the text
A．Cats and Dogs—the Most Popular Pets B．Stories About Cats and Dogs
C．Pets and People Around the World D．Good Topics for Small Talks
（2023·山东淄博·中考真题）
Have you ever read Andersen’s fairy tale The Ugly Duckling (丑小鸭) Do you know that his motherland is Denmark It lies in northern Europe. Let me tell you something about it.
You can find almost any fast food in Denmark, such as hamburgers and hot dogs. Danish open-faced sandwiches are not only delicious, but also pretty and fun. They are works of art. Tasting some is an experience that shouldn’t be missed.
“Lego” toys were created in Denmark. The toys were made of wood before. Building with Legos helps students learn about engineering, physics and technology in a fun way. In 1968, the first Legoland theme park opened in Billund, Denmark. Today, there are Legoland parks in California, Florida, Malaysia, Dubai, Windsor, Japan and Germany.
Bicycling is popular in Denmark. Nine out of ten Danes have a bike. They ride their bikes no matter what the weather. They aren’t just riding bikes for fun. They use bikes to get to work, to take their kids to places, and even to carry goods. Today, more and more people are choosing bikes over cars. They have a saying in Denmark: “A bicycle is a Dane’s best friend.”
Denmark is called the land of fairy tales. Andersen’s another popular fairy tale is The Little Mermaid (美人鱼). The Little Mermaid statue (雕塑) has been regarded as Denmark’s most famous landmark since 1913. The Danes believe that she brings them good luck.
83．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 1 refer to
A．The Ugly Duckling. B．Denmark. C．Europe. D．Fast food.
84．According to Paragraph 4, we can call Denmark “________”.
A．the country of bikes B．the land of fairy stories
C．the capital of art D．the home of Legos
85．Which of the following is true about the Little Mermaid statue
A．It’s called fairy land. B．It was built by Andersen.
C．It welcomes the ships there. D．It has been there for about 110 years.
86．What does the passage mainly talk about
A．Fairy tales. B．Andersen’s life.
C．Some facts about Denmark. D．The history of Denmark.
（2023·湖北荆门·中考真题）
It might be strange to wear clothes made out of plastic bottles. But in fact, some clothing companies are already making such clothes.
Fashion（时尚）brand JUMA recently showed its newest collection at a workshop in Shanghai. Eighteen clothing items from the collection, including jumpsuits, shirts and dresses, were made from recycled plastic bottles.
“We realized that billions of water bottles were being thrown into landfills and oceans every year and that these bottles take hundreds of years to decompose （分解）. We thought we should use them to create our clothes and help the environment,” said Alia Juma.
Many other fashion companies are finding similar ways to save our planet these days. The process is rather simple. First, the plastic bottles are washed and cut into small pieces. Then they are melted（融化）and shaped into small balls. The balls are melted again to form thread（线）. People can use the thread to make different kinds of clothes.
According to Juma, it takes 67, 000 bottles to create one ton of thread. This cuts down carbon emission（碳排放）.
“Three bottles can make one glove. Five can make a skirt, ten a dress, and twenty a short coat.”
Some people might have doubts about wearing something made out of plastic bottles. But according to Causeartist, a website that focuses on innovation（创新）, clothes made from plastics could even be better than nylon and polyester（涤纶）. Plastic thread can be made into different textures（质地）, such as cotton, silk, or even wool. It seem that this innovation may lead to a greener future of fashion.
87．The underlined word “landfills” probably mean “________” in Chinese.
A．填埋池 B．游乐场 C．栖息地 D．风景区
88．Why does JUMA make clothes out of plastic bottles
A．To compete with other companies.
B．To create a new fashion.
C．To meet the needs of the design director.
D．To help improve the environment and cut down pollution.
89．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about
A．How plastic bottles are collected.
B．How plastic bottles are turned into thread.
C．How other fashion companies make clothes.
D．How other fashion companies melt the bottles.
90．In which part of a newspaper can we find the passage
A．Food and Health
B．Sports and Fashion
C．Environment and Technology
D．History and Culture