人教版（2019）必修第二册Unit 1 Cultural Heritage Discovering Useful Structures 课件 (共24张PPT)
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019）必修第二册Unit 1 Cultural Heritage Discovering Useful Structures 课件 (共24张PPT) |  | |
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(共24张PPT)
Discovering Useful Structures
Cultural heritage
Unit 1
语境 感悟
阅读以下短文，体会加颜色部分，完成下面的练习
Some people say that the UK and the USA are two countries ①that are separated by a common language.However，after studying in each of them，I found it is more than that.Apart from the differences in language such as pronunciation and vocabulary，there is a significant gap in terms of communication styles.
I spent one term in the UK，②where the greatest challenge was the indirect manner of speaking.British people are known to be polite.So polite，in fact，that they will sometimes say the complete opposite of what they really mean: a common opinion is “It’s not bad”，
③which usually translates as “It’s awful”.No sooner had I begun to understand how British people communicate than it was time to head back home.But it surely left an impression on me.Later，I had the opportunity to study as an exchange student in the USA for one year.Now，when speaking to Americans，④who have a preference for the direct style，I found that I often failed to get straight to the point.There were times ⑤when questions like “Would you mind passing me the jam，please？” would be met with the reply “Why would I mind？”.I had to learn a whole new way of communicating.
By the end of the exchange year，I had a somewhat better understanding of how to communicate in both countries，but I still have a lot to master.As my experiences clearly show，learning a language is just the beginning!
以上加颜色部分都是定语从句，分为限制性定语从句，如： 和非限制性定语从句，如： 。句①③④使用关系代词____________
引导定语从句，句②⑤使用关系副词 引导定语从句。
自主发现
①⑤
②③④
that，which，
who
where，when
返 回
语法 精讲
一、基本概念
1.在复合句中，修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫作定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词。引导定语从句的词叫作关系词。关系词分为关系代词(who，whom，whose，which，that，as)和关系副词(where，when，why)。
2.关系词的作用：一是代替先行词在从句中充当成分；二是起连接作用，连接先行词和定语从句。
3.根据先行词与定语从句的关系紧密程度不同，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句前面一般不用逗号，非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常用逗号隔开。
二、关系词的种类和功能
三步确定关系词：一找先行词，二看先行词是指人还是指物，三判断定语从句所缺的成分。
限制性定语从句 人 物
主语 who，that which，that
宾语 who，whom，that，省略 which，that，省略
介词＋宾语 whom which
定语 whose 状语 when＝介词＋which where＝介词＋which why＝for＋which 定语从句中的注意事项：
1.在定语从句中只用that，不用which的情况
All that can be done has been done.
一切能做的都已经做完了。
The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.
他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。
This is the worst loss that I have ever suffered.
这是我经历过的最严重的损失。
This is the very issue that I want to put forward at tomorrow’s meeting.
这正是我想在明天的会议上提出的问题。
The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all.
你告诉我的那位科学家和他的成就为我们所有人钦佩。
Who is the boy that won the gold medal
赢得金牌的男孩是谁？
总结：(1)先行词是all，everything，nothing，something，anything，much，little，few等不定代词时；先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时；先行词是形容词最高级或被最高级修饰时；先行词被the very，the only，just等修饰时；先行词既包括人又包括物时，用that引导定语从句。
(2)who/which引导的特殊疑问句中，为避免重复，用that引导定语从句。
2.当先行词是those，he，anybody，anyone时，关系词的选用
He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
＝Those who don’t reach the Great Wall are not true men.
不到长城非好汉。
Anybody who breaks the law should be punished.
任何违法的人都应该受到惩罚。
总结：先行词为those，he，anybody，anyone等时，用who引导定语从句。
3.特殊先行词后定语从句关系词的选用
Bull fighting is a sport where men fight with bulls.
斗牛是人与牛竞技的运动。
I don’t understand the way (that/in which) they work out the problem.
我不理解他们解决这个问题的方式。
总结：(1)当先行词是case，situation，point，condition，activity，position，stage，sport，race，competition等并在定语从句中作状语时，用in which或where引导定语从句。
(2)当先行词是way，并在定语从句中作状语时，用that/in which引导定语从句，也可以省略关系词。
4.先行词是表示时间、地点、原因的名词时，都用关系副词引导定语从句吗？
This is the museum that/which was established by his father.
这是他父亲一手建立起来的博物馆。
This is the museum where/in which his father worked twenty years ago.
这就是他父亲20年前工作过的那个博物馆。
The reason that/which he gave is unbelievable.
他给出的理由让人无法相信。
The reason why/for which he conducted so well was that he had made full preparations.
他发挥得这么好的原因是他做了充分的准备。
I will always remember the day that/which we spent together.
我将永远记得我们一起度过的那一天。
I will always remember the day when/on which I got promoted.
我将永远记得我升职的那一天。
总结：表“时间”“地点”和“原因”的先行词如果在从句中作主语或宾语，要用关系代词引导定语从句；如果在从句中作状语，则用关系副词或者“介词＋which”引导定语从句。
5.as引导的定语从句
(1)as引导的限制性定语从句常和the same，such连用，as在从句中作主语、宾语。构成固定用法：the same...as...，such...as...。
Even in my dreams I couldn’t imagine such a beautiful place as you have offered us.
你提供给我们的地方如此美丽，即使在梦里我也想象不到。
(2)as与which引导的非限制性定语从句
共同点：其先行词都指代一句话。
不同点：as引导的定语从句可放在句首、句中或句末，而which引导的定语从句不能放在句首；as引导的定语从句有“正如，正像……”的意思，而which指“这/那一点，这/那件事”。
The sun gives off light and heat，which makes it possible for plants to grow.
太阳释放光和热，这使得植物生长成为可能。
As we all know/As is known to us all，light travels faster than sound.
＝Light travels faster than sound，as is known to us all.
众所周知，光速比声速快。
注意：as常用于：as anybody can see，as we all know，as we expect/as is expected，as is reported，as has been announced，as is often the case。
6.介词＋关系代词
Jack introduced to me his friend with whom I was not very familiar.
杰克向我介绍了我不太熟悉的他的朋友。
I will never forget the day on which/when we worked together in the countryside.
我永远不会忘记我们一起在乡下工作的那一天。
The clever boy dug a hole in the wall，through which he could see what was happening inside the house.
这个聪明的孩子在墙上挖了一个洞，透过它他可以看到屋里发生的事情。
Julie was good at German，French and Russian，all of which she spoke fluently.
朱莉擅长德语、法语和俄语，所有这些她都说得流利。
总结：介词确定的原则：
(1)依据定语从句中动词或形容词等所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定；
(2)依据与先行词搭配的具体意义而定；
(3)根据所表达的意思来确定；
(4)表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，通常用介词of。
返 回
达标检测
用适当的关系词填空，完成下列短文
There was a time 1. I was tired of learning English and disliked to speak English.And this was the reason 2. my father forced me to join in a 30-day training in an English club before I went to senior high school.When I first came to the club 3. I met many strangers，I missed my parents very much.So I packed up my things and wanted to go home.Fortunately，my guide teacher 4. name was Li Yang communicated with me face to face.He also showed me a good partner，with 5. I got along well.Gradually I adapted to the life there.
when
why
where
whose
whom
Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities 6. we did.The guide teacher 7. encouraged me to fall in love with English should be appreciated.Now I feel it interesting to learn English，into 8. I put my entire energy.Not only
do I read my words and passages aloud，but I also join in English discussions.
Before I go to sleep，I will recall my passages，through 9. I can memorize a large number of new words.10. our English teacher says，“As long as we form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance，we will conquer English sooner or later.”
返 回
that/which
who/that
which
which
As
Discovering Useful Structures
Cultural heritage
Unit 1
语境 感悟
阅读以下短文，体会加颜色部分，完成下面的练习
Some people say that the UK and the USA are two countries ①that are separated by a common language.However，after studying in each of them，I found it is more than that.Apart from the differences in language such as pronunciation and vocabulary，there is a significant gap in terms of communication styles.
I spent one term in the UK，②where the greatest challenge was the indirect manner of speaking.British people are known to be polite.So polite，in fact，that they will sometimes say the complete opposite of what they really mean: a common opinion is “It’s not bad”，
③which usually translates as “It’s awful”.No sooner had I begun to understand how British people communicate than it was time to head back home.But it surely left an impression on me.Later，I had the opportunity to study as an exchange student in the USA for one year.Now，when speaking to Americans，④who have a preference for the direct style，I found that I often failed to get straight to the point.There were times ⑤when questions like “Would you mind passing me the jam，please？” would be met with the reply “Why would I mind？”.I had to learn a whole new way of communicating.
By the end of the exchange year，I had a somewhat better understanding of how to communicate in both countries，but I still have a lot to master.As my experiences clearly show，learning a language is just the beginning!
以上加颜色部分都是定语从句，分为限制性定语从句，如： 和非限制性定语从句，如： 。句①③④使用关系代词____________
引导定语从句，句②⑤使用关系副词 引导定语从句。
自主发现
①⑤
②③④
that，which，
who
where，when
返 回
语法 精讲
一、基本概念
1.在复合句中，修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫作定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词。引导定语从句的词叫作关系词。关系词分为关系代词(who，whom，whose，which，that，as)和关系副词(where，when，why)。
2.关系词的作用：一是代替先行词在从句中充当成分；二是起连接作用，连接先行词和定语从句。
3.根据先行词与定语从句的关系紧密程度不同，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句前面一般不用逗号，非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常用逗号隔开。
二、关系词的种类和功能
三步确定关系词：一找先行词，二看先行词是指人还是指物，三判断定语从句所缺的成分。
限制性定语从句 人 物
主语 who，that which，that
宾语 who，whom，that，省略 which，that，省略
介词＋宾语 whom which
定语 whose 状语 when＝介词＋which where＝介词＋which why＝for＋which 定语从句中的注意事项：
1.在定语从句中只用that，不用which的情况
All that can be done has been done.
一切能做的都已经做完了。
The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.
他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。
This is the worst loss that I have ever suffered.
这是我经历过的最严重的损失。
This is the very issue that I want to put forward at tomorrow’s meeting.
这正是我想在明天的会议上提出的问题。
The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all.
你告诉我的那位科学家和他的成就为我们所有人钦佩。
Who is the boy that won the gold medal
赢得金牌的男孩是谁？
总结：(1)先行词是all，everything，nothing，something，anything，much，little，few等不定代词时；先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时；先行词是形容词最高级或被最高级修饰时；先行词被the very，the only，just等修饰时；先行词既包括人又包括物时，用that引导定语从句。
(2)who/which引导的特殊疑问句中，为避免重复，用that引导定语从句。
2.当先行词是those，he，anybody，anyone时，关系词的选用
He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
＝Those who don’t reach the Great Wall are not true men.
不到长城非好汉。
Anybody who breaks the law should be punished.
任何违法的人都应该受到惩罚。
总结：先行词为those，he，anybody，anyone等时，用who引导定语从句。
3.特殊先行词后定语从句关系词的选用
Bull fighting is a sport where men fight with bulls.
斗牛是人与牛竞技的运动。
I don’t understand the way (that/in which) they work out the problem.
我不理解他们解决这个问题的方式。
总结：(1)当先行词是case，situation，point，condition，activity，position，stage，sport，race，competition等并在定语从句中作状语时，用in which或where引导定语从句。
(2)当先行词是way，并在定语从句中作状语时，用that/in which引导定语从句，也可以省略关系词。
4.先行词是表示时间、地点、原因的名词时，都用关系副词引导定语从句吗？
This is the museum that/which was established by his father.
这是他父亲一手建立起来的博物馆。
This is the museum where/in which his father worked twenty years ago.
这就是他父亲20年前工作过的那个博物馆。
The reason that/which he gave is unbelievable.
他给出的理由让人无法相信。
The reason why/for which he conducted so well was that he had made full preparations.
他发挥得这么好的原因是他做了充分的准备。
I will always remember the day that/which we spent together.
我将永远记得我们一起度过的那一天。
I will always remember the day when/on which I got promoted.
我将永远记得我升职的那一天。
总结：表“时间”“地点”和“原因”的先行词如果在从句中作主语或宾语，要用关系代词引导定语从句；如果在从句中作状语，则用关系副词或者“介词＋which”引导定语从句。
5.as引导的定语从句
(1)as引导的限制性定语从句常和the same，such连用，as在从句中作主语、宾语。构成固定用法：the same...as...，such...as...。
Even in my dreams I couldn’t imagine such a beautiful place as you have offered us.
你提供给我们的地方如此美丽，即使在梦里我也想象不到。
(2)as与which引导的非限制性定语从句
共同点：其先行词都指代一句话。
不同点：as引导的定语从句可放在句首、句中或句末，而which引导的定语从句不能放在句首；as引导的定语从句有“正如，正像……”的意思，而which指“这/那一点，这/那件事”。
The sun gives off light and heat，which makes it possible for plants to grow.
太阳释放光和热，这使得植物生长成为可能。
As we all know/As is known to us all，light travels faster than sound.
＝Light travels faster than sound，as is known to us all.
众所周知，光速比声速快。
注意：as常用于：as anybody can see，as we all know，as we expect/as is expected，as is reported，as has been announced，as is often the case。
6.介词＋关系代词
Jack introduced to me his friend with whom I was not very familiar.
杰克向我介绍了我不太熟悉的他的朋友。
I will never forget the day on which/when we worked together in the countryside.
我永远不会忘记我们一起在乡下工作的那一天。
The clever boy dug a hole in the wall，through which he could see what was happening inside the house.
这个聪明的孩子在墙上挖了一个洞，透过它他可以看到屋里发生的事情。
Julie was good at German，French and Russian，all of which she spoke fluently.
朱莉擅长德语、法语和俄语，所有这些她都说得流利。
总结：介词确定的原则：
(1)依据定语从句中动词或形容词等所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定；
(2)依据与先行词搭配的具体意义而定；
(3)根据所表达的意思来确定；
(4)表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，通常用介词of。
返 回
达标检测
用适当的关系词填空，完成下列短文
There was a time 1. I was tired of learning English and disliked to speak English.And this was the reason 2. my father forced me to join in a 30-day training in an English club before I went to senior high school.When I first came to the club 3. I met many strangers，I missed my parents very much.So I packed up my things and wanted to go home.Fortunately，my guide teacher 4. name was Li Yang communicated with me face to face.He also showed me a good partner，with 5. I got along well.Gradually I adapted to the life there.
when
why
where
whose
whom
Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities 6. we did.The guide teacher 7. encouraged me to fall in love with English should be appreciated.Now I feel it interesting to learn English，into 8. I put my entire energy.Not only
do I read my words and passages aloud，but I also join in English discussions.
Before I go to sleep，I will recall my passages，through 9. I can memorize a large number of new words.10. our English teacher says，“As long as we form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance，we will conquer English sooner or later.”
返 回
that/which
who/that
which
which
As