2024年江苏地区中考英语真题分类汇编-阅读理解（4）(含解析）
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2024年江苏地区中考英语真题分类汇编-阅读理解（4）
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读理解
（A）
（2023·江苏连云港·统考中考真题）The next day, Peter held up a notice as The Green Dragon came out of the tunnel towards the cottage (a small house in the country). The notice said, “LOOK OUT AT THIS STATION.”
The old gentleman saw the notice. He looked out at the station as the train came in. He saw a little girl—it was Phyllis—running towards his carriage. He stood up and leaned out of the window of his carriage.
“Please read this,” Phyllis said, and put a letter into his hand.
The train left the station. The old gentleman sat down and read the letter. It was from Peter. The letter said:
Dear Mr. We do not know your name.
Mother is ill, and the doctor says we must give her some special things. But Mother can’t afford them. We do not know anyone here because Father is away, and we do not know where he lives.
Father will pay you, or if he has lost all his money, I will pay you when I am a man. I promise you. Please get all the things on this list, and give them to the station master tomorrow.
The letter was signed by Peter, Roberta, and Phyllis.
The old gentleman read the letter and smiled. Then he put it in his pocket and started to read his newspaper again.
That night there was a knock on the door of the cottage. The porter from the railway station was there.
“An old gentleman gave this parcel (包裹) to the station master,” he said. “It’s for you.”
The parcel was full of everything on the list of special things to make Mother well again. There was a letter from the old gentleman. It said:
Dear Peter, Roberta, and Phyllis,
Here are the things on your list. I am very happy to give them to you, and I hope your mother is soon better. When she asks where the things come from, tell her they are from a friend. When she is well, you can tell her the truth. She may say that you were wrong to ask a stranger for these things.
I think you were right.
The letter was signed “G.P.” and something that the children could not read.
“I think we were right to ask the old gentleman for his help,” Peter said. “The important thing is for Mother to feel better.”
1．When Mother was ill, Peter, Roberta, and Phyllis tried to get help by ________.（ ）
A．meeting the station master B．looking for a greater doctor
C．waiting for Father at the station D．writing a letter to the old gentleman
2．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 6 refer to （ ）
A．The notice. B．The letter. C．The money. D．The newspaper.
3．Which is the right order of the following events （ ）
a. The old gentleman read the letter from Peter.
b. Phyllis put a letter into the old gentleman’s hand.
c. The old gentleman gave a parcel to the station master.
d. The porter gave the parcel to Peter, Roberta, and Phyllis.
e. Peter, Roberta, and Phyllis read the letter from the old gentleman.
A．a-b-d-e-c B．a-e-d-b-c C．b-a-c-d-e D．b-c-d-a-e
4．Which of the following best describes the old gentleman （ ）
A．Helpful. B．Funny. C．Brave. D．Clever.
（B）
（2023·江苏苏州·统考中考真题）Teenagers need eight to ten hours of sleep per night. However, in adolescence (青春期) changes to the body’s sleep cycle make it difficult for teens to fall asleep early. Many cannot fall asleep until 10:30 p.m. or even later and most of them will feel sleepy if they have to get up too early.
Scientists recommend that both middle and high schools begin no earlier than 8:30 a.m. Later school start times support the natural needs of teenagers and increase their sleeping time.
Here are some other benefits of later school start times:
More time for a healthy breakfast
When running late in the mornings, students are likely to go without breakfast. With an empty stomach, one finds it difficult to focus (集中) in class. When they are always in a hurry, students may form unhealthy eating habits.
With extra time before going to school, students can eat a well-balanced breakfast and focus more on learning.
Fewer behavioral (行为的) problems
Teens experience mood changes as a common result of this special period of life. Less sleep may cause worries, stress and unhappiness.
When they get enough sleep, students are calm and peaceful and their moods do not change suddenly. They’re less likely to feel worried, unhappy or get angry. For parents, children with more sleep are easier to live with.
Better performance (表现) in study
Sleep loss hurts attention, memory and brain development. Students with less sleep have difficulty paying attention in class and are likely to have lower grades. Students with enough sleep can be more energetic during the day and more willing to learn. They are also less likely to fall asleep in class and more able to understand what they learn.
In conclusion, starting school later helps students get a better night’s sleep. It improves their chances of eating, behaving and performing better.
1．According to the passage, what may cause teenagers to stay up （ ）
A．Their low grades. B．Their empty stomachs.
C．Their body’s sleep cycle. D．Their heavy homework.
2．How can sleep loss influence students’ study （ ）
A．It gives them much energy. B．It does harm to the brain.
C．It saves more time for study. D．It improves their memory.
3．What’s the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage （ ）
A．To explain reasons for students’ stress.
B．To describe bad habits caused by sleep loss.
C．To discuss scientists’ research on healthy food.
D．To introduce benefits of later school start times.
4．In which part of the website can you probably find this passage （ ）
A．Education. B．Fashion. C．Sports. D．Technology.
（C）
（2023·江苏苏州·统考中考真题）
Confucianism (儒家思想) has been followed by Chinese people for more than two thousand years.
To help people understand how to behave towards others, Confucianism teaches the Five Constants (五常). These are ren, yi, li, zhi and xin. They are general virtues (美德) around the world. The most important two are ren and li.
Ren is the feeling of care and love we should have for others. Confucius explained ren could best be understood as loving others. He is famous for teaching people “What you do not want done to yourself, do not do to others”. It is quite similar to what is known in the West as the Golden Rule (treat others as you wish to be treated).
While the meaning of ren is easy to understand, li is a little harder to express. It can be thought of as duty or even respect. Generally, li is the way we should connect with people in our everyday life. In Confucian writings, discussions about li include the proper way to drink tea and how to remember ancestors (祖先). While ren is mostly about our opinions and feelings, li is about how we express our opinions and feelings towards others and towards the world around us.
Perhaps the most well-known Confucian virtue is xiao. This is the duty children have to their parents. Xiao means loving, respecting, obeying and taking care of one’s parents in their old age. In Confucianism, xiao is important for a harmonious (和谐的) society: Without it, the whole world would fall into a mess.
1．Which are the most important of the Five Constants （ ）
A．Ren and yi. B．Ren and li. C．Li and xin. D．Yi and zhi.
2．What is the best Chinese for the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 （ ）
A．博学于文，约之以礼。 B．学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。
C．己所不欲，勿施于人。 D．君子和而不同，小人同而不和。
3．Which of the following is an example of li （ ）
A．Building a peaceful society. B．Taking care of one’s children.
C．Obeying rules for drinking tea. D．Learning all through one’s life.
4．What does the passage mainly tell us about Confucianism （ ）
A．Its general virtues. B．Its long history.
C．Its new challenges. D．Its golden rules.
（D）
（2023·江苏扬州·统考中考真题）The scientific method is used for simple experiments that students may do in the classroom or very difficult experiments that scientists are doing all over the world. It is a way of thinking that helps you to avoid drawing incorrect conclusions.
There are usually four steps in the scientific method, including observation (观察), hypothesis (假设), experiment, and conclusion. The steps may not always be completed in the same order, but the first step is usually observation and asking a question about your observation. For example, you had a sick stomach, and ate a candy bar. An hour later, you observed that you felt much better. Here, you can ask a question, such as, “What makes a sick stomach feel better ”
The second step is to state a possible answer to the question, or a hypothesis, such as “” A good hypothesis includes three things: The explanation for the observations, it is able to be tested, and it will usually predict new outcomes or conclusions.
The third step is the experiment, to test the hypothesis. An experiment is a test which will either challenge or support the hypothesis. The hypothesis will then be true or false.
The final step is to think about what happened when you tested the hypothesis and draw a conclusion. The conclusion will either clearly support the hypothesis or it will not. If the results support the hypothesis, a conclusion can be written and you can share it with the rest of the world. If it does not support the hypothesis, you may choose to change the hypothesis or write a new one based on what was learned during the experiment.
1．Which sentence best expresses the main idea of the passage （ ）
A．How do the four basic steps in the scientific method work
B．What makes a good hypothesis based on the observation
C．The conclusion will always clearly support the hypothesis.
D．Learning the scientific method may help students succeed in science.
2．Which sentence should go in the empty box in Paragraph 3 （ ）
A．A candy bar makes a sick stomach feel better.
B．It was the medicine you took an hour earlier that made you feel better.
C．Eat a candy bar again, and see what happens to your sick stomach.
D．Ask people if eating a candy bar has made a sick stomach feel better.
3．What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to (指的是) （ ）
A．The hypothesis. B．The conclusion.
C．The question. D．The observation.
4．Which of the following sentences about the experiment is TRUE （ ）
A．An experiment is a test to always support the hypothesis.
B．An experiment does not have to be part of the scientific method.
C．An experiment is a test to either challenge or support a hypothesis.
D．An experiment is only used when scientists are trying to prove a hypothesis.
（E）
（2023·江苏连云港·统考中考真题）
Many of us have seen rainbows in the sky once the sun starts shining again after it rains. For us to see a rainbow, the conditions need to be just right. We need some water drops in the air, like rain or even fog, and we need the sun to be behind us and quite low to the ground. This is because a rainbow is created by light passing through water drops.
The light that comes from the sun seems white to us. But the white light we see is made up of a mix of different colors. When the light goes through a raindrop, these colors can separate out. Each of the colors in the rainbow has a different “wavelength” (波长). Raindrops look like little balls. When light hits one of these little balls of water, the light can change direction. We call this “refraction” (折射). Each of the different wavelengths is refracted differently. If the light hits the raindrop at the right place, the refraction separates the wavelengths out into their different colors.
We are taught there are seven colors: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. But this isn’t exactly true. Blue and green are next to each other in the rainbow, which is why we can see turquoise (a mix of blue and green). Brown is a mix of red and green. But they aren’t next to each other in the rainbow, so we don’t see them mix to make brown.
We would never see black and white in a rainbow. Black is what we see when there’s no light at all. On the other hand, white is a mix of all the colors together. When light is refracted by raindrops, it separates the white light out, meaning it is no longer white.
1．We can see a rainbow under the right conditions because ________.（ ）
A．the raindrops are like little balls B．the light goes through raindrops
C．the sunshine seems to be colorful D．the weather is foggy after it rains
2．According to the passage, what can we know about the colors in the rainbow （ ）
A．They can become brown or black. B．There are only seven colors in all.
C．They mix to make the white light. D．Their own places can be changed.
3．Which part of a magazine may this passage be taken from （ ）
A．Science. B．Health. C．Culture. D．Fashion.
4．What’s the best title for the passage （ ）
A．How are the colors received in the rainbow
B．When can the colors turn blue in the rainbow
C．Which colors aren’t covered with light in the rainbow
D．Why can’t we find white, black and brown in the rainbow
（F）
（2023·江苏无锡·统考中考真题）
Sam and I walked along the main street, the small buildings giving us a break from the sun. Through the window of the candy shop I could see tubes of colorful jelly beans. A sign on the window’s glass read LOST: Gold and blue necklace. Verry special. If found, call Chrissy at 555-9924.
Chrissy had drawn a crayon version of the necklace at the bottom of the poster and a border made of orange exclamation points.
The necklace looked different from the one I clutched (紧握) in my pocket, I decided. Rounder, bluer. The poster appeared old and weathered. It must have been put up months ago.
“Hey,” Sam asked, “are you coming with me ”
We continued to walk, and I noticed four more posters. Someone must have returned that necklace by now, I thought.
Once home, I placed the necklace into my old yellow retainer box. I’d cleaned it out and made it my special place for special things. So far, it held twin miniature seashells, a pebble that looked exactly like a bird’s egg, and 11 half-burnt birthday candles.
I looked at the stone, so clean and polished. Could it be Chrissy’s Was it her “very special” necklace
“Uncle Coop,” I called, “would you take me to the store ”
We went into town together and stopped at Luann’s. Uncle Coop let me borrow his cell phone to call the number on the poster.
“Hello ” said a girl’s voice after one ring.
“Hi,” I said, ▲ . “Is this Chrissy ”
“Yes.”
“Um, my name is Ryan. I think I may have something that belongs to you.”
“My necklace ”
Fifteen minutes later, I was sitting at a table across from Chrissy. We were drinking milkshakes and sharing an order of sweet-potato fries while Uncle Coop and Chrissy’s dad drank coffee at the counter.
“It was a gift from my mom,” she said, “before she got sick.”
Chrissy looked down at the blue stone in her hand.
“I’m really sorry,” I said. “Holding on to it somehow makes things a little better,” she said. “Do you know what I mean ”
I thought about the mean kids at school and how holding on to beautiful things often made me feel better.
I nodded. “I think I do.”
1．Which word is the most suitable for ▲ （ ）
A．patient B．excited C．nervous D．relaxed
2．What can we infer from the passage about the necklace （ ）
A．Chrissy had lost it in the candy shop. B．Ryan and Sam found it together.
C．Chrissy’s mother bought it long ago. D．Ryan wanted to keep it at first.
3．Which is the best title for this story （ ）
A．An Honest Girl B．Lost and Found C．An Important Gift D．Family and Love
（G）
（2023·江苏泰州·中考真题）
I love snakes, while my mother does not. Lots of people who are afraid of snakes have never seen one. Neither has my mother. So where does the fear come from
To find out the answer, scientists put pictures with snakes, pandas, cats, flowers and many other things in front of a group of people of all ages, even babies. People found snakes faster than flowers. It wasn’t just snakes. They found “black faces”, another example, spiders(蜘蛛), faster than “safe” things like flowers. It seems we find things that might be dangerous to us faster. Maybe we are born to be afraid of them.
Scientists also found people learned to fear snakes faster. Why did they fear snakes Most of them said that in their experiences, they were influenced by the scared voice and faces of those who met snakes, but wasn’t bitten by snakes. After all, if we had to be bitten by a snake to learn that it’s dangerous, we might learn our lesson too late.
So why is it important whether we are afraid of snakes or not It may not matter much to us, but it is really very important to snakes. People protect animals they like, not animals they fear. Snakes may not be as cute as pandas, but they’re just of the same importance to the environment. Snakes eat insects and mice that are pests(害虫) to humans. Snakes are also food for other animals, so, when we kill snakes, we’re breaking the balance.
How can we reduce our fears to give snakes a chance Scientists did a study recently. Some volunteer students went on a field trip. With the help of safety tips, everyone could safely touch and hold a snake. It turns out that snakes aren’t so bad when you know the way to stay with them. Most people who were afraid of snakes before the field trip weren’t afraid afterwards. In fact, snakes even became some students’ favorite animal. Hmm, maybe I should take my mom on the next field trip.
1．In the writer’s opinion, what are “black faces” （ ）
A．Things make people feel dangerous.
B．Faces of animals in the picture.
C．Things that have black faces.
D．Faces of people in danger.
2．What does the writer mean by saying “we might learn our lesson too late” in the third paragraph （ ）
A．We might never see any snakes.
B．We are not in danger any longer.
C．We might not fear snakes any more.
D．We might already be killed by snakes.
3．How do the scientists help people reduce the fear of snakes （ ）
A．By teaching people skills of killing snakes.
B．By driving snakes away through a field trip.
C．By teaching them the right way to stay with them.
D．By giving snakes a chance to show they are good.
4．What can we learn from scientists after reading the passage （ ）
A．Don’t be afraid and find chances in danger.
B．Always remember to give people safety tips.
C．Face failures bravely and never give up trying.
D．Find problems and do research to solve them.
5．Which fits the scientists’ idea best （ ）
People 1._______ So people are afraid of snakes and they 2.______ So snakes aren’t protected by people though they 3._______
People learn to fear snakes from others’ experiences.
a. are born to fear snakes b. need to be protected c. don’t protect animals they fear
A．1-c, 2-a, 3-b
B．1-b, 2-a, 3-c
C．1-a, 2-c, 3-b
D．1-a, 2-b, 3-c
参考答案：
（A）
1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A
【导语】本文主要讲述孩子们的母亲生病了，他们写了一封信塞给一位老先生，老先生送给孩子们他们需要的东西。
1．细节理解题。根据“The train left the station. The old gentleman sat down and read the letter. It was from Peter.”可知，母亲生病时，彼得、罗伯塔和菲利斯给老先生写了一封信，试图寻求帮助。故选D。
2．词句猜测题。根据“The old gentleman read the letter and smiled. Then he put it in his pocket and started to read his newspaper again.”可知，老先生读了信，笑了。然后他把它放进口袋，又开始看报纸。此处it指的是那封信，故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据“Phyllis said, and put a letter into his hand.”，“The old gentleman sat down and read the letter. It was from Peter.”，“An old gentleman gave this parcel (包裹) to the station master”，“‘An old gentleman gave this parcel (包裹) to the station master,’ he said. ‘It’s for you.’”和“There was a letter from the old gentleman. It said...”可知，正确的顺序是b-a-c-d-e，故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据“Here are the things on your list. I am very happy to give them to you, and I hope your mother is soon better. When she asks where the things come from, tell her they are from a friend. When she is well, you can tell her the truth.”可知，老先生给了孩子们需要的东西，并告诉孩子们等妈妈好了再告知真相，由此可知老先生是一位乐于助人的人，故选A。
（B）
1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A
【导语】本文讲述了推迟学生上学时间的一些好处。
1．细节理解题。根据“However, in adolescence changes to the body’s sleep cycle make it difficult for teens to fall asleep early.”可知青少年身体睡眠周期的变化是他们难以入睡。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据“Sleep loss hurts attention, memory and brain development. Students with less sleep have difficulty paying attention in class and are likely to have lower grades.”可知睡眠不足会影响大脑发育。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据“In conclusion, starting school later helps students get a better night’s sleep. It improves their chances of eating, behaving and performing better.”可知本文讲述了推迟学生上学时间的一些好处。故选D。
4．推理判断题。通读全文可知本文讲述了推迟学生上学时间的一些好处，是关于学生教育的，最有可能在“教育网站”看到这篇文章。故选A。
（C）
1．B 2．C 3．C 4．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了儒家思想中的传统美德。
1．细节理解题。根据“The most important two are ren and li.”可知最重要的是仁和礼。故选B。
2．词句猜测题。根据“It is quite similar to what is known in the West as the Golden Rule (treat others as you wish to be treated)”可知，划线句子“What you do not want done to yourself, do not do to others”和“按照你希望被对待的方式对待他人”意义相近，即己所不欲勿施于人。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据“ discussions about li include the proper way to drink tea and how to remember ancestors ”可知关于礼的讨论包括正确的喝茶方式和如何缅怀祖先。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了儒家思想的传统美德。故选A。
（D）
1．A 2．A 3．B 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了基本科学方法包括四个步骤：观察、假设、实验和结论。
1．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了基本科学方法包括四个步骤：观察、假设、实验和结论。选项A“科学方法的四个基本步骤是如何工作的？”最能表达出文章主旨。故选A。
2．推理判断题。根据“A good hypothesis includes three things: The explanation for the observations, it is able to be tested, and it will usually predict new outcomes or conclusions.（一个好的假设包括三件事：对观察结果的解释，它能够被检验，它通常会预测新的结果或结论。）”可知A选项“一块糖能让恶心的胃感觉好一点。”是一个好的假设，是一个解释，且能够被检验。故选A。
3．词句猜测题。根据“The conclusion will either clearly support the hypothesis or it will not.”可知此处“it”指代前面的“The conclusion”，表示“结论要么明确地支持假设，要么结论不支持假设”。故选B。
4．细节理解题。根据“An experiment is a test which will either challenge or support the hypothesis.”可知实验是一种挑战或支持假设的测试。故选C。
（E）
1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了彩虹的形成以及对彩虹颜色知识的科普。
1．细节理解题。根据“This is because a rainbow is created by light passing through water drops.”可知因为光线穿过了雨滴，在合适的条件下，我们可以看到彩虹。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据“When light is refracted by raindrops, it separates the white light out, meaning it is no longer white.”（当光线被雨滴折射时，它将白光分离出来，这意味着它不再是白色的。）可知彩虹的颜色混合在一起发出白光，故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据全文可知，本文主要介绍了彩虹的形成以及对彩虹颜色知识的科普，所以文章应该来自杂志的科学部分，故选A。
4．最佳标题题。根据“We are taught there are seven colors: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. But this isn’t exactly true...But they aren’t next to each other in the rainbow, so we don’t see them mix to make brown.”和“We would never see black and white in a rainbow. ”可知，我们被教导有七种颜色：红、橙、黄、绿、蓝、靛和紫，但是我们在彩虹中看不见白色，黑色和棕色，所以D选项符合，故选D。
（F）
1．C 2．D 3．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了瑞安发现了克丽丝寻找丢失的项链的寻物启事，这条项链就在瑞安手中。最终瑞安把项链归还给了克丽丝。
1．推理判断题。根据“The necklace looked different from the one I clutched (紧握) in my pocket”、“and I noticed four more posters. Someone must have returned that necklace by now, I thought.”可知，瑞安发现了克丽丝丢失项链的寻物启事，这条项链就在自己手中，但是她却一直暗自强调这条项链不是克丽丝的，克丽丝的项链肯定已经找到了。再结合下文，瑞安打算归还给克丽丝，于是给克丽丝打电话。在打电话时，瑞安因为之间的犹豫不决可能会感到紧张。故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据“The necklace looked different from the one I clutched (紧握) in my pocket”、“and I noticed four more posters. Someone must have returned that necklace by now, I thought.”可知，瑞安发现了克丽丝丢失项链的寻物启事，这条项链就在自己手中，但是她却一直暗自强调这条项链不是克丽丝的，克丽丝的项链肯定已经找到了。再结合下文“I’m really sorry”可推断，瑞安想私自留下这条项链，于是对克丽丝表示抱歉。故选D。
3．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章以克丽丝丢失一条项链为起点，讲述了瑞安从发现项链、到内心挣扎，最后再归还项链的过程。结合文章最后“I thought about the mean kids at school and how holding on to beautiful things often made me feel better.”可知，瑞安虽然“失去”了项链，但是最后找到了诚实善良的美好品质，故“Lost and Found”可作为文章标题。故选B。
（G）
1．A 2．D 3．C 4．D 5．C
【导语】本文主要介绍人们害怕蛇是有一定依据的，但是蛇和其他动物一样在生态中同等重要，作者打算带妈妈去实地考察一下，减少妈妈对蛇的恐惧。
1．细节理解题。根据“They found ‘black faces’, another example, spiders(蜘蛛), faster than “safe” things like flowers. It seems we find things that might be dangerous to us faster.”可知，他们发现“黑脸”，另一个例子，蜘蛛，比“安全”的东西，比如花，要快。似乎我们能更快地发现可能对我们有害的东西。所以作者说的“黑脸”指的是让人感到危险的东西。故选A。
2．词句猜测题。分析“After all, if we had to be bitten by a snake to learn that it’s dangerous, we might learn our lesson too late.”可知，如果我们被蛇咬了才知道它是危险的，我们可能吸取教训太晚了。如果太晚了可能我们可能已经被蛇咬死了。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据“With the help of safety tips, everyone could safely touch and hold a snake. It turns out that snakes aren’t so bad when you know the way to stay with them.”可知，在安全提示的帮助下，每个人都可以安全地触摸和握住蛇。事实证明，当你知道如何与蛇相处时，蛇并不是那么糟糕。故选C。
4．推理判断题。本文介绍人们害怕蛇这一问题，科学家为了找到答案进行研究，并给出解决办法。故选D。
5．细节理解题。根据“Maybe we are born to be afraid of them.”可知，也许我们生来就害怕它们，所以1对应a，排除AB；根据“People protect animals they like, not animals they fear.”可知，人们保护他们喜欢的动物，而不是他们害怕的动物，所以2对应c，排除D，故选C。
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2024年江苏地区中考英语真题分类汇编-阅读理解（4）
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读理解
（A）
（2023·江苏连云港·统考中考真题）The next day, Peter held up a notice as The Green Dragon came out of the tunnel towards the cottage (a small house in the country). The notice said, “LOOK OUT AT THIS STATION.”
The old gentleman saw the notice. He looked out at the station as the train came in. He saw a little girl—it was Phyllis—running towards his carriage. He stood up and leaned out of the window of his carriage.
“Please read this,” Phyllis said, and put a letter into his hand.
The train left the station. The old gentleman sat down and read the letter. It was from Peter. The letter said:
Dear Mr. We do not know your name.
Mother is ill, and the doctor says we must give her some special things. But Mother can’t afford them. We do not know anyone here because Father is away, and we do not know where he lives.
Father will pay you, or if he has lost all his money, I will pay you when I am a man. I promise you. Please get all the things on this list, and give them to the station master tomorrow.
The letter was signed by Peter, Roberta, and Phyllis.
The old gentleman read the letter and smiled. Then he put it in his pocket and started to read his newspaper again.
That night there was a knock on the door of the cottage. The porter from the railway station was there.
“An old gentleman gave this parcel (包裹) to the station master,” he said. “It’s for you.”
The parcel was full of everything on the list of special things to make Mother well again. There was a letter from the old gentleman. It said:
Dear Peter, Roberta, and Phyllis,
Here are the things on your list. I am very happy to give them to you, and I hope your mother is soon better. When she asks where the things come from, tell her they are from a friend. When she is well, you can tell her the truth. She may say that you were wrong to ask a stranger for these things.
I think you were right.
The letter was signed “G.P.” and something that the children could not read.
“I think we were right to ask the old gentleman for his help,” Peter said. “The important thing is for Mother to feel better.”
1．When Mother was ill, Peter, Roberta, and Phyllis tried to get help by ________.（ ）
A．meeting the station master B．looking for a greater doctor
C．waiting for Father at the station D．writing a letter to the old gentleman
2．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 6 refer to （ ）
A．The notice. B．The letter. C．The money. D．The newspaper.
3．Which is the right order of the following events （ ）
a. The old gentleman read the letter from Peter.
b. Phyllis put a letter into the old gentleman’s hand.
c. The old gentleman gave a parcel to the station master.
d. The porter gave the parcel to Peter, Roberta, and Phyllis.
e. Peter, Roberta, and Phyllis read the letter from the old gentleman.
A．a-b-d-e-c B．a-e-d-b-c C．b-a-c-d-e D．b-c-d-a-e
4．Which of the following best describes the old gentleman （ ）
A．Helpful. B．Funny. C．Brave. D．Clever.
（B）
（2023·江苏苏州·统考中考真题）Teenagers need eight to ten hours of sleep per night. However, in adolescence (青春期) changes to the body’s sleep cycle make it difficult for teens to fall asleep early. Many cannot fall asleep until 10:30 p.m. or even later and most of them will feel sleepy if they have to get up too early.
Scientists recommend that both middle and high schools begin no earlier than 8:30 a.m. Later school start times support the natural needs of teenagers and increase their sleeping time.
Here are some other benefits of later school start times:
More time for a healthy breakfast
When running late in the mornings, students are likely to go without breakfast. With an empty stomach, one finds it difficult to focus (集中) in class. When they are always in a hurry, students may form unhealthy eating habits.
With extra time before going to school, students can eat a well-balanced breakfast and focus more on learning.
Fewer behavioral (行为的) problems
Teens experience mood changes as a common result of this special period of life. Less sleep may cause worries, stress and unhappiness.
When they get enough sleep, students are calm and peaceful and their moods do not change suddenly. They’re less likely to feel worried, unhappy or get angry. For parents, children with more sleep are easier to live with.
Better performance (表现) in study
Sleep loss hurts attention, memory and brain development. Students with less sleep have difficulty paying attention in class and are likely to have lower grades. Students with enough sleep can be more energetic during the day and more willing to learn. They are also less likely to fall asleep in class and more able to understand what they learn.
In conclusion, starting school later helps students get a better night’s sleep. It improves their chances of eating, behaving and performing better.
1．According to the passage, what may cause teenagers to stay up （ ）
A．Their low grades. B．Their empty stomachs.
C．Their body’s sleep cycle. D．Their heavy homework.
2．How can sleep loss influence students’ study （ ）
A．It gives them much energy. B．It does harm to the brain.
C．It saves more time for study. D．It improves their memory.
3．What’s the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage （ ）
A．To explain reasons for students’ stress.
B．To describe bad habits caused by sleep loss.
C．To discuss scientists’ research on healthy food.
D．To introduce benefits of later school start times.
4．In which part of the website can you probably find this passage （ ）
A．Education. B．Fashion. C．Sports. D．Technology.
（C）
（2023·江苏苏州·统考中考真题）
Confucianism (儒家思想) has been followed by Chinese people for more than two thousand years.
To help people understand how to behave towards others, Confucianism teaches the Five Constants (五常). These are ren, yi, li, zhi and xin. They are general virtues (美德) around the world. The most important two are ren and li.
Ren is the feeling of care and love we should have for others. Confucius explained ren could best be understood as loving others. He is famous for teaching people “What you do not want done to yourself, do not do to others”. It is quite similar to what is known in the West as the Golden Rule (treat others as you wish to be treated).
While the meaning of ren is easy to understand, li is a little harder to express. It can be thought of as duty or even respect. Generally, li is the way we should connect with people in our everyday life. In Confucian writings, discussions about li include the proper way to drink tea and how to remember ancestors (祖先). While ren is mostly about our opinions and feelings, li is about how we express our opinions and feelings towards others and towards the world around us.
Perhaps the most well-known Confucian virtue is xiao. This is the duty children have to their parents. Xiao means loving, respecting, obeying and taking care of one’s parents in their old age. In Confucianism, xiao is important for a harmonious (和谐的) society: Without it, the whole world would fall into a mess.
1．Which are the most important of the Five Constants （ ）
A．Ren and yi. B．Ren and li. C．Li and xin. D．Yi and zhi.
2．What is the best Chinese for the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 （ ）
A．博学于文，约之以礼。 B．学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。
C．己所不欲，勿施于人。 D．君子和而不同，小人同而不和。
3．Which of the following is an example of li （ ）
A．Building a peaceful society. B．Taking care of one’s children.
C．Obeying rules for drinking tea. D．Learning all through one’s life.
4．What does the passage mainly tell us about Confucianism （ ）
A．Its general virtues. B．Its long history.
C．Its new challenges. D．Its golden rules.
（D）
（2023·江苏扬州·统考中考真题）The scientific method is used for simple experiments that students may do in the classroom or very difficult experiments that scientists are doing all over the world. It is a way of thinking that helps you to avoid drawing incorrect conclusions.
There are usually four steps in the scientific method, including observation (观察), hypothesis (假设), experiment, and conclusion. The steps may not always be completed in the same order, but the first step is usually observation and asking a question about your observation. For example, you had a sick stomach, and ate a candy bar. An hour later, you observed that you felt much better. Here, you can ask a question, such as, “What makes a sick stomach feel better ”
The second step is to state a possible answer to the question, or a hypothesis, such as “” A good hypothesis includes three things: The explanation for the observations, it is able to be tested, and it will usually predict new outcomes or conclusions.
The third step is the experiment, to test the hypothesis. An experiment is a test which will either challenge or support the hypothesis. The hypothesis will then be true or false.
The final step is to think about what happened when you tested the hypothesis and draw a conclusion. The conclusion will either clearly support the hypothesis or it will not. If the results support the hypothesis, a conclusion can be written and you can share it with the rest of the world. If it does not support the hypothesis, you may choose to change the hypothesis or write a new one based on what was learned during the experiment.
1．Which sentence best expresses the main idea of the passage （ ）
A．How do the four basic steps in the scientific method work
B．What makes a good hypothesis based on the observation
C．The conclusion will always clearly support the hypothesis.
D．Learning the scientific method may help students succeed in science.
2．Which sentence should go in the empty box in Paragraph 3 （ ）
A．A candy bar makes a sick stomach feel better.
B．It was the medicine you took an hour earlier that made you feel better.
C．Eat a candy bar again, and see what happens to your sick stomach.
D．Ask people if eating a candy bar has made a sick stomach feel better.
3．What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to (指的是) （ ）
A．The hypothesis. B．The conclusion.
C．The question. D．The observation.
4．Which of the following sentences about the experiment is TRUE （ ）
A．An experiment is a test to always support the hypothesis.
B．An experiment does not have to be part of the scientific method.
C．An experiment is a test to either challenge or support a hypothesis.
D．An experiment is only used when scientists are trying to prove a hypothesis.
（E）
（2023·江苏连云港·统考中考真题）
Many of us have seen rainbows in the sky once the sun starts shining again after it rains. For us to see a rainbow, the conditions need to be just right. We need some water drops in the air, like rain or even fog, and we need the sun to be behind us and quite low to the ground. This is because a rainbow is created by light passing through water drops.
The light that comes from the sun seems white to us. But the white light we see is made up of a mix of different colors. When the light goes through a raindrop, these colors can separate out. Each of the colors in the rainbow has a different “wavelength” (波长). Raindrops look like little balls. When light hits one of these little balls of water, the light can change direction. We call this “refraction” (折射). Each of the different wavelengths is refracted differently. If the light hits the raindrop at the right place, the refraction separates the wavelengths out into their different colors.
We are taught there are seven colors: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. But this isn’t exactly true. Blue and green are next to each other in the rainbow, which is why we can see turquoise (a mix of blue and green). Brown is a mix of red and green. But they aren’t next to each other in the rainbow, so we don’t see them mix to make brown.
We would never see black and white in a rainbow. Black is what we see when there’s no light at all. On the other hand, white is a mix of all the colors together. When light is refracted by raindrops, it separates the white light out, meaning it is no longer white.
1．We can see a rainbow under the right conditions because ________.（ ）
A．the raindrops are like little balls B．the light goes through raindrops
C．the sunshine seems to be colorful D．the weather is foggy after it rains
2．According to the passage, what can we know about the colors in the rainbow （ ）
A．They can become brown or black. B．There are only seven colors in all.
C．They mix to make the white light. D．Their own places can be changed.
3．Which part of a magazine may this passage be taken from （ ）
A．Science. B．Health. C．Culture. D．Fashion.
4．What’s the best title for the passage （ ）
A．How are the colors received in the rainbow
B．When can the colors turn blue in the rainbow
C．Which colors aren’t covered with light in the rainbow
D．Why can’t we find white, black and brown in the rainbow
（F）
（2023·江苏无锡·统考中考真题）
Sam and I walked along the main street, the small buildings giving us a break from the sun. Through the window of the candy shop I could see tubes of colorful jelly beans. A sign on the window’s glass read LOST: Gold and blue necklace. Verry special. If found, call Chrissy at 555-9924.
Chrissy had drawn a crayon version of the necklace at the bottom of the poster and a border made of orange exclamation points.
The necklace looked different from the one I clutched (紧握) in my pocket, I decided. Rounder, bluer. The poster appeared old and weathered. It must have been put up months ago.
“Hey,” Sam asked, “are you coming with me ”
We continued to walk, and I noticed four more posters. Someone must have returned that necklace by now, I thought.
Once home, I placed the necklace into my old yellow retainer box. I’d cleaned it out and made it my special place for special things. So far, it held twin miniature seashells, a pebble that looked exactly like a bird’s egg, and 11 half-burnt birthday candles.
I looked at the stone, so clean and polished. Could it be Chrissy’s Was it her “very special” necklace
“Uncle Coop,” I called, “would you take me to the store ”
We went into town together and stopped at Luann’s. Uncle Coop let me borrow his cell phone to call the number on the poster.
“Hello ” said a girl’s voice after one ring.
“Hi,” I said, ▲ . “Is this Chrissy ”
“Yes.”
“Um, my name is Ryan. I think I may have something that belongs to you.”
“My necklace ”
Fifteen minutes later, I was sitting at a table across from Chrissy. We were drinking milkshakes and sharing an order of sweet-potato fries while Uncle Coop and Chrissy’s dad drank coffee at the counter.
“It was a gift from my mom,” she said, “before she got sick.”
Chrissy looked down at the blue stone in her hand.
“I’m really sorry,” I said. “Holding on to it somehow makes things a little better,” she said. “Do you know what I mean ”
I thought about the mean kids at school and how holding on to beautiful things often made me feel better.
I nodded. “I think I do.”
1．Which word is the most suitable for ▲ （ ）
A．patient B．excited C．nervous D．relaxed
2．What can we infer from the passage about the necklace （ ）
A．Chrissy had lost it in the candy shop. B．Ryan and Sam found it together.
C．Chrissy’s mother bought it long ago. D．Ryan wanted to keep it at first.
3．Which is the best title for this story （ ）
A．An Honest Girl B．Lost and Found C．An Important Gift D．Family and Love
（G）
（2023·江苏泰州·中考真题）
I love snakes, while my mother does not. Lots of people who are afraid of snakes have never seen one. Neither has my mother. So where does the fear come from
To find out the answer, scientists put pictures with snakes, pandas, cats, flowers and many other things in front of a group of people of all ages, even babies. People found snakes faster than flowers. It wasn’t just snakes. They found “black faces”, another example, spiders(蜘蛛), faster than “safe” things like flowers. It seems we find things that might be dangerous to us faster. Maybe we are born to be afraid of them.
Scientists also found people learned to fear snakes faster. Why did they fear snakes Most of them said that in their experiences, they were influenced by the scared voice and faces of those who met snakes, but wasn’t bitten by snakes. After all, if we had to be bitten by a snake to learn that it’s dangerous, we might learn our lesson too late.
So why is it important whether we are afraid of snakes or not It may not matter much to us, but it is really very important to snakes. People protect animals they like, not animals they fear. Snakes may not be as cute as pandas, but they’re just of the same importance to the environment. Snakes eat insects and mice that are pests(害虫) to humans. Snakes are also food for other animals, so, when we kill snakes, we’re breaking the balance.
How can we reduce our fears to give snakes a chance Scientists did a study recently. Some volunteer students went on a field trip. With the help of safety tips, everyone could safely touch and hold a snake. It turns out that snakes aren’t so bad when you know the way to stay with them. Most people who were afraid of snakes before the field trip weren’t afraid afterwards. In fact, snakes even became some students’ favorite animal. Hmm, maybe I should take my mom on the next field trip.
1．In the writer’s opinion, what are “black faces” （ ）
A．Things make people feel dangerous.
B．Faces of animals in the picture.
C．Things that have black faces.
D．Faces of people in danger.
2．What does the writer mean by saying “we might learn our lesson too late” in the third paragraph （ ）
A．We might never see any snakes.
B．We are not in danger any longer.
C．We might not fear snakes any more.
D．We might already be killed by snakes.
3．How do the scientists help people reduce the fear of snakes （ ）
A．By teaching people skills of killing snakes.
B．By driving snakes away through a field trip.
C．By teaching them the right way to stay with them.
D．By giving snakes a chance to show they are good.
4．What can we learn from scientists after reading the passage （ ）
A．Don’t be afraid and find chances in danger.
B．Always remember to give people safety tips.
C．Face failures bravely and never give up trying.
D．Find problems and do research to solve them.
5．Which fits the scientists’ idea best （ ）
People 1._______ So people are afraid of snakes and they 2.______ So snakes aren’t protected by people though they 3._______
People learn to fear snakes from others’ experiences.
a. are born to fear snakes b. need to be protected c. don’t protect animals they fear
A．1-c, 2-a, 3-b
B．1-b, 2-a, 3-c
C．1-a, 2-c, 3-b
D．1-a, 2-b, 3-c
参考答案：
（A）
1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A
【导语】本文主要讲述孩子们的母亲生病了，他们写了一封信塞给一位老先生，老先生送给孩子们他们需要的东西。
1．细节理解题。根据“The train left the station. The old gentleman sat down and read the letter. It was from Peter.”可知，母亲生病时，彼得、罗伯塔和菲利斯给老先生写了一封信，试图寻求帮助。故选D。
2．词句猜测题。根据“The old gentleman read the letter and smiled. Then he put it in his pocket and started to read his newspaper again.”可知，老先生读了信，笑了。然后他把它放进口袋，又开始看报纸。此处it指的是那封信，故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据“Phyllis said, and put a letter into his hand.”，“The old gentleman sat down and read the letter. It was from Peter.”，“An old gentleman gave this parcel (包裹) to the station master”，“‘An old gentleman gave this parcel (包裹) to the station master,’ he said. ‘It’s for you.’”和“There was a letter from the old gentleman. It said...”可知，正确的顺序是b-a-c-d-e，故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据“Here are the things on your list. I am very happy to give them to you, and I hope your mother is soon better. When she asks where the things come from, tell her they are from a friend. When she is well, you can tell her the truth.”可知，老先生给了孩子们需要的东西，并告诉孩子们等妈妈好了再告知真相，由此可知老先生是一位乐于助人的人，故选A。
（B）
1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A
【导语】本文讲述了推迟学生上学时间的一些好处。
1．细节理解题。根据“However, in adolescence changes to the body’s sleep cycle make it difficult for teens to fall asleep early.”可知青少年身体睡眠周期的变化是他们难以入睡。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据“Sleep loss hurts attention, memory and brain development. Students with less sleep have difficulty paying attention in class and are likely to have lower grades.”可知睡眠不足会影响大脑发育。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据“In conclusion, starting school later helps students get a better night’s sleep. It improves their chances of eating, behaving and performing better.”可知本文讲述了推迟学生上学时间的一些好处。故选D。
4．推理判断题。通读全文可知本文讲述了推迟学生上学时间的一些好处，是关于学生教育的，最有可能在“教育网站”看到这篇文章。故选A。
（C）
1．B 2．C 3．C 4．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了儒家思想中的传统美德。
1．细节理解题。根据“The most important two are ren and li.”可知最重要的是仁和礼。故选B。
2．词句猜测题。根据“It is quite similar to what is known in the West as the Golden Rule (treat others as you wish to be treated)”可知，划线句子“What you do not want done to yourself, do not do to others”和“按照你希望被对待的方式对待他人”意义相近，即己所不欲勿施于人。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据“ discussions about li include the proper way to drink tea and how to remember ancestors ”可知关于礼的讨论包括正确的喝茶方式和如何缅怀祖先。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了儒家思想的传统美德。故选A。
（D）
1．A 2．A 3．B 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了基本科学方法包括四个步骤：观察、假设、实验和结论。
1．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了基本科学方法包括四个步骤：观察、假设、实验和结论。选项A“科学方法的四个基本步骤是如何工作的？”最能表达出文章主旨。故选A。
2．推理判断题。根据“A good hypothesis includes three things: The explanation for the observations, it is able to be tested, and it will usually predict new outcomes or conclusions.（一个好的假设包括三件事：对观察结果的解释，它能够被检验，它通常会预测新的结果或结论。）”可知A选项“一块糖能让恶心的胃感觉好一点。”是一个好的假设，是一个解释，且能够被检验。故选A。
3．词句猜测题。根据“The conclusion will either clearly support the hypothesis or it will not.”可知此处“it”指代前面的“The conclusion”，表示“结论要么明确地支持假设，要么结论不支持假设”。故选B。
4．细节理解题。根据“An experiment is a test which will either challenge or support the hypothesis.”可知实验是一种挑战或支持假设的测试。故选C。
（E）
1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了彩虹的形成以及对彩虹颜色知识的科普。
1．细节理解题。根据“This is because a rainbow is created by light passing through water drops.”可知因为光线穿过了雨滴，在合适的条件下，我们可以看到彩虹。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据“When light is refracted by raindrops, it separates the white light out, meaning it is no longer white.”（当光线被雨滴折射时，它将白光分离出来，这意味着它不再是白色的。）可知彩虹的颜色混合在一起发出白光，故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据全文可知，本文主要介绍了彩虹的形成以及对彩虹颜色知识的科普，所以文章应该来自杂志的科学部分，故选A。
4．最佳标题题。根据“We are taught there are seven colors: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. But this isn’t exactly true...But they aren’t next to each other in the rainbow, so we don’t see them mix to make brown.”和“We would never see black and white in a rainbow. ”可知，我们被教导有七种颜色：红、橙、黄、绿、蓝、靛和紫，但是我们在彩虹中看不见白色，黑色和棕色，所以D选项符合，故选D。
（F）
1．C 2．D 3．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了瑞安发现了克丽丝寻找丢失的项链的寻物启事，这条项链就在瑞安手中。最终瑞安把项链归还给了克丽丝。
1．推理判断题。根据“The necklace looked different from the one I clutched (紧握) in my pocket”、“and I noticed four more posters. Someone must have returned that necklace by now, I thought.”可知，瑞安发现了克丽丝丢失项链的寻物启事，这条项链就在自己手中，但是她却一直暗自强调这条项链不是克丽丝的，克丽丝的项链肯定已经找到了。再结合下文，瑞安打算归还给克丽丝，于是给克丽丝打电话。在打电话时，瑞安因为之间的犹豫不决可能会感到紧张。故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据“The necklace looked different from the one I clutched (紧握) in my pocket”、“and I noticed four more posters. Someone must have returned that necklace by now, I thought.”可知，瑞安发现了克丽丝丢失项链的寻物启事，这条项链就在自己手中，但是她却一直暗自强调这条项链不是克丽丝的，克丽丝的项链肯定已经找到了。再结合下文“I’m really sorry”可推断，瑞安想私自留下这条项链，于是对克丽丝表示抱歉。故选D。
3．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章以克丽丝丢失一条项链为起点，讲述了瑞安从发现项链、到内心挣扎，最后再归还项链的过程。结合文章最后“I thought about the mean kids at school and how holding on to beautiful things often made me feel better.”可知，瑞安虽然“失去”了项链，但是最后找到了诚实善良的美好品质，故“Lost and Found”可作为文章标题。故选B。
（G）
1．A 2．D 3．C 4．D 5．C
【导语】本文主要介绍人们害怕蛇是有一定依据的，但是蛇和其他动物一样在生态中同等重要，作者打算带妈妈去实地考察一下，减少妈妈对蛇的恐惧。
1．细节理解题。根据“They found ‘black faces’, another example, spiders(蜘蛛), faster than “safe” things like flowers. It seems we find things that might be dangerous to us faster.”可知，他们发现“黑脸”，另一个例子，蜘蛛，比“安全”的东西，比如花，要快。似乎我们能更快地发现可能对我们有害的东西。所以作者说的“黑脸”指的是让人感到危险的东西。故选A。
2．词句猜测题。分析“After all, if we had to be bitten by a snake to learn that it’s dangerous, we might learn our lesson too late.”可知，如果我们被蛇咬了才知道它是危险的，我们可能吸取教训太晚了。如果太晚了可能我们可能已经被蛇咬死了。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据“With the help of safety tips, everyone could safely touch and hold a snake. It turns out that snakes aren’t so bad when you know the way to stay with them.”可知，在安全提示的帮助下，每个人都可以安全地触摸和握住蛇。事实证明，当你知道如何与蛇相处时，蛇并不是那么糟糕。故选C。
4．推理判断题。本文介绍人们害怕蛇这一问题，科学家为了找到答案进行研究，并给出解决办法。故选D。
5．细节理解题。根据“Maybe we are born to be afraid of them.”可知，也许我们生来就害怕它们，所以1对应a，排除AB；根据“People protect animals they like, not animals they fear.”可知，人们保护他们喜欢的动物，而不是他们害怕的动物，所以2对应c，排除D，故选C。
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