人教版（2019）必修第二册Unit 4 History and traditions Discovering Useful Structures 课件(共27张PPT)
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019）必修第二册Unit 4 History and traditions Discovering Useful Structures 课件(共27张PPT) |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-04-05 16:01:33 | ||
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(共27张PPT)
Discovering Useful Structures
History and traditions
Unit 4
语境 感悟
阅读以下短文，感知加颜色词汇，并完成下面的练习
Great discoveries can come from unlikely sources.Penicillin ①widely considered to be one of the most important medical discoveries in history was not what Alexander Fleming was looking for when he found it in September 1928.
Fleming，a scientist from Scotland，returned to his laboratory after a holiday and found some mould on one of his plates of bacteria.He observed that the bacteria surrounding the mould were dead.Fleming ②surprised by this performed some tests.The results indicated that something ③produced by the mould had killed the bacteria.He was aware that it could be very useful for treating wounds.
For more than 10 years，Fleming had been researching penicillin and trying to make it ④turned into an effective medicine.Finally，his work caught the attention of some other scientists who were able to do it.Since its mass production began in the 1940s，penicillin has had millions of lives ⑤saved.
One might think Fleming had penicillin ⑥discovered by accident，but actually this is far from the truth.He was intelligent and experienced enough to notice its potential，and his hard work and determination helped get its mass production ⑦started.As Louis Pasteur said，“Fortune favours the ⑧prepared mind.”
1.句1、2、3和句8中的加颜色词汇在句中作 语。在句8中为 定语，在句1、2、3中为 定语。
2.句4、5、6、7中的加颜色词汇在句中作 。过去分词作宾语补足语时与宾语构成 关系。
自主发现
返 回
定
前置
后置
宾语补足语
被动
语法 精讲
一、过去分词作定语
1.意义：及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，只表示完成。
(1)表示被动和完成
Many used cars are on sale now，and you can go to find a good one.
很多二手车现在正在甩卖，你可以去找一辆好车。
(2)只表示完成，不表示被动
The ground is covered with the fallen leaves in autumn.
秋天，地上覆盖着落叶。
The risen sun offers light and heat necessary for life on the earth.
升起的太阳为地球上的生命提供了必需的光和热。
2.位置：单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的后面，其作用相当于一个定语从句。
The student dressed in white is my daughter.
＝The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.
穿白色衣服的那个学生是我的女儿。
3.过去分词作定语和现在分词作定语的区别：
(1)语态不同：现在分词表示主动；过去分词表示被动。
The house standing at the corner of the street was built in 2016.
矗立在街道角落的那所房子是2016年建的。
The question discussed is very important.
讨论过的那个问题很重要。
(2)时间关系上不同：现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词表示动作已经完成。
the changing world变化着的世界
the changed world改变了的世界
boiling water沸腾的水
boiled water开水
developing countries发展中国家
developed countries发达国家
4.过去分词(done)、现在分词的被动语态(being done)与动词不定式的被动语态(to be done)作定语的区别：
意义 形式 语态 时态
done 被动 完成
being done 被动 进行
to be done 被动 尚未发生
The building built last year is our classroom building.
去年建造的楼是我们的教学楼。
The building being built now is our classroom building.
现在正在建造的楼是我们的教学楼。
The building to be built next month is our classroom building.
下个月将要建造的楼是我们的教学楼。
二、过去分词作宾语补足语
1.过去分词用在表状态的动词keep，leave等的后面作宾语补足语。
He got up late and hurried to his office，leaving the breakfast untouched.
他起得很晚，没吃早饭就匆匆忙忙地去了办公室。
2.过去分词用在使役动词have、get和make的后面作宾语补足语。
(1)“have/get＋宾语＋过去分词”可以表示两种含义：“让别人做某事”或“遭遇到某种不幸”。
Claire had/got her luggage checked an hour before her plane left.
在飞机起飞前一个小时克莱尔(让安检员)对她的行李进行了安检。
While they were on holiday，they had/got their car broken into.
他们在度假时，汽车被撬开了。
(2)在“make＋宾语＋过去分词”这种结构中，过去分词表示结果。
They managed to make themselves understood by using very simple English.
他们用很简易的英语来设法使自己被理解。
3.感官动词see，hear，notice，observe，watch，feel，find等后，可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
When we saw the road blocked with snow，we decided to spend the holiday at home.
当我们看到道路被雪封住后，我们决定在家度过假期。
The next morning people found the world outside their houses completely changed.
第二天早上，人们发现他们房子外面的世界全变了样。
4.表示“意愿；命令”的动词，如like，want，wish，expect，order等后可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
The manager ordered the work finished at the end of this week.
经理要求在本周末完成这项工作。
5.过去分词用在“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。
The living room is clean and tidy，with a dining table already laid for a meal to be cooked.
客厅既干净又整洁，已摆好了餐桌准备盛放待煮的饭菜。
John received an invitation to dinner，and with his work finished，he gladly accepted it.
约翰收到一份宴请函，正好他的工作也做完了，于是他就欣然接受了邀请。
6.非谓语动词(短语)作宾语补足语的区别：
(1)感官动词(短语)see，watch，observe，look at，notice，hear，listen to，feel等的宾语补足语主要有三种形式(以hear为例)：
hear＋宾语＋
doing sth听到……正在做……(主动、进行)
do sth听到……做了……(主动、完成)
done听到……被做(被动、完成或无时间性)
I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.
昨天经过她的房间时，我听见她正在唱一首英文歌。(主动、正在进行)
I heard her sing an English song just now.
刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。(主动、完成)
To learn English well，we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible.
为了学好英语，我们应该尽可能多地找机会听别人讲英语。(被动、无时间性)
(2)使役动词make，have，get，keep后加复合宾语的比较：
①make＋宾语＋
do sth让……做某事(主动)
done让……被做(被动)
The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face.
这个令人震惊的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么可怕的问题。
I made myself known to them first and then we talked about our hobbies.
我先向他们做了自我介绍，然后我们谈论了我们的爱好。
②have＋宾语＋
do sth使……做某事(主动)
doing sth使……持续做某事(主动、进行)
done使……被做(被动)
Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt.
妈妈让我去商店买些食盐。
He had us laughing all through the meal.
整顿饭下来他让我们笑个不停。
My elder sister had her wallet stolen on a bus last month.
上个月，我姐姐的钱包在公共汽车上被偷了。
③get＋宾语＋
to do sth使……做某事(主动)
doing sth使……开始做某事(主动)
done使……被做(被动)
He got me to post the letter for him.
他让我替他寄信。
The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.
休息了片刻之后，上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进。
I’ll get my cellphone repaired tomorrow.
我明天要(请人)修一下我的手机。
④keep＋宾语＋
doing sth使……一直做某事(主动、进行)
done使……被做(被动)
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting so long.
对不起，让你久等了。
She kept her eyes shut and stayed where she was.
她紧闭双眼，待在原地未动。
with＋
sb/sth doing(主动、进行)
sth done(被动、完成)
sth to do(表示将来)
(3)with复合结构中宾语补足语的比较：
WeChat is like a public network，with people sharing information publicly.
微信像是一个公开网络，人们公开分享信息。
With a great weight taken off her mind，she passed all the tests successfully.
由于放下了极大的思想包袱，她成功地通过了所有考试。
返 回
达标检测
用所给动词的适当形式填空
The Amber Room 1. (give) this name because several tons of amber 2. (use) to make it.The 3. (select) amber had a beautiful yellow-brown colour like honey.The design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days.It was also a treasure 4. (decorate) with gold and jewels，which 5. (take) the country’s best artists about ten years 6. (make).
Later，Catherine Ⅱ had the Amber Room 7. (move) to a palace outside St.Petersburg where she spent her summers.Sadly，the Amber Room，8. (consider) one of the wonders of the world，is now missing.
返 回
was given
were used
selected
decorated
took
to make
moved
considered
Discovering Useful Structures
History and traditions
Unit 4
语境 感悟
阅读以下短文，感知加颜色词汇，并完成下面的练习
Great discoveries can come from unlikely sources.Penicillin ①widely considered to be one of the most important medical discoveries in history was not what Alexander Fleming was looking for when he found it in September 1928.
Fleming，a scientist from Scotland，returned to his laboratory after a holiday and found some mould on one of his plates of bacteria.He observed that the bacteria surrounding the mould were dead.Fleming ②surprised by this performed some tests.The results indicated that something ③produced by the mould had killed the bacteria.He was aware that it could be very useful for treating wounds.
For more than 10 years，Fleming had been researching penicillin and trying to make it ④turned into an effective medicine.Finally，his work caught the attention of some other scientists who were able to do it.Since its mass production began in the 1940s，penicillin has had millions of lives ⑤saved.
One might think Fleming had penicillin ⑥discovered by accident，but actually this is far from the truth.He was intelligent and experienced enough to notice its potential，and his hard work and determination helped get its mass production ⑦started.As Louis Pasteur said，“Fortune favours the ⑧prepared mind.”
1.句1、2、3和句8中的加颜色词汇在句中作 语。在句8中为 定语，在句1、2、3中为 定语。
2.句4、5、6、7中的加颜色词汇在句中作 。过去分词作宾语补足语时与宾语构成 关系。
自主发现
返 回
定
前置
后置
宾语补足语
被动
语法 精讲
一、过去分词作定语
1.意义：及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，只表示完成。
(1)表示被动和完成
Many used cars are on sale now，and you can go to find a good one.
很多二手车现在正在甩卖，你可以去找一辆好车。
(2)只表示完成，不表示被动
The ground is covered with the fallen leaves in autumn.
秋天，地上覆盖着落叶。
The risen sun offers light and heat necessary for life on the earth.
升起的太阳为地球上的生命提供了必需的光和热。
2.位置：单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的后面，其作用相当于一个定语从句。
The student dressed in white is my daughter.
＝The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.
穿白色衣服的那个学生是我的女儿。
3.过去分词作定语和现在分词作定语的区别：
(1)语态不同：现在分词表示主动；过去分词表示被动。
The house standing at the corner of the street was built in 2016.
矗立在街道角落的那所房子是2016年建的。
The question discussed is very important.
讨论过的那个问题很重要。
(2)时间关系上不同：现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词表示动作已经完成。
the changing world变化着的世界
the changed world改变了的世界
boiling water沸腾的水
boiled water开水
developing countries发展中国家
developed countries发达国家
4.过去分词(done)、现在分词的被动语态(being done)与动词不定式的被动语态(to be done)作定语的区别：
意义 形式 语态 时态
done 被动 完成
being done 被动 进行
to be done 被动 尚未发生
The building built last year is our classroom building.
去年建造的楼是我们的教学楼。
The building being built now is our classroom building.
现在正在建造的楼是我们的教学楼。
The building to be built next month is our classroom building.
下个月将要建造的楼是我们的教学楼。
二、过去分词作宾语补足语
1.过去分词用在表状态的动词keep，leave等的后面作宾语补足语。
He got up late and hurried to his office，leaving the breakfast untouched.
他起得很晚，没吃早饭就匆匆忙忙地去了办公室。
2.过去分词用在使役动词have、get和make的后面作宾语补足语。
(1)“have/get＋宾语＋过去分词”可以表示两种含义：“让别人做某事”或“遭遇到某种不幸”。
Claire had/got her luggage checked an hour before her plane left.
在飞机起飞前一个小时克莱尔(让安检员)对她的行李进行了安检。
While they were on holiday，they had/got their car broken into.
他们在度假时，汽车被撬开了。
(2)在“make＋宾语＋过去分词”这种结构中，过去分词表示结果。
They managed to make themselves understood by using very simple English.
他们用很简易的英语来设法使自己被理解。
3.感官动词see，hear，notice，observe，watch，feel，find等后，可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
When we saw the road blocked with snow，we decided to spend the holiday at home.
当我们看到道路被雪封住后，我们决定在家度过假期。
The next morning people found the world outside their houses completely changed.
第二天早上，人们发现他们房子外面的世界全变了样。
4.表示“意愿；命令”的动词，如like，want，wish，expect，order等后可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
The manager ordered the work finished at the end of this week.
经理要求在本周末完成这项工作。
5.过去分词用在“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。
The living room is clean and tidy，with a dining table already laid for a meal to be cooked.
客厅既干净又整洁，已摆好了餐桌准备盛放待煮的饭菜。
John received an invitation to dinner，and with his work finished，he gladly accepted it.
约翰收到一份宴请函，正好他的工作也做完了，于是他就欣然接受了邀请。
6.非谓语动词(短语)作宾语补足语的区别：
(1)感官动词(短语)see，watch，observe，look at，notice，hear，listen to，feel等的宾语补足语主要有三种形式(以hear为例)：
hear＋宾语＋
doing sth听到……正在做……(主动、进行)
do sth听到……做了……(主动、完成)
done听到……被做(被动、完成或无时间性)
I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.
昨天经过她的房间时，我听见她正在唱一首英文歌。(主动、正在进行)
I heard her sing an English song just now.
刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。(主动、完成)
To learn English well，we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible.
为了学好英语，我们应该尽可能多地找机会听别人讲英语。(被动、无时间性)
(2)使役动词make，have，get，keep后加复合宾语的比较：
①make＋宾语＋
do sth让……做某事(主动)
done让……被做(被动)
The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face.
这个令人震惊的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么可怕的问题。
I made myself known to them first and then we talked about our hobbies.
我先向他们做了自我介绍，然后我们谈论了我们的爱好。
②have＋宾语＋
do sth使……做某事(主动)
doing sth使……持续做某事(主动、进行)
done使……被做(被动)
Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt.
妈妈让我去商店买些食盐。
He had us laughing all through the meal.
整顿饭下来他让我们笑个不停。
My elder sister had her wallet stolen on a bus last month.
上个月，我姐姐的钱包在公共汽车上被偷了。
③get＋宾语＋
to do sth使……做某事(主动)
doing sth使……开始做某事(主动)
done使……被做(被动)
He got me to post the letter for him.
他让我替他寄信。
The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.
休息了片刻之后，上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进。
I’ll get my cellphone repaired tomorrow.
我明天要(请人)修一下我的手机。
④keep＋宾语＋
doing sth使……一直做某事(主动、进行)
done使……被做(被动)
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting so long.
对不起，让你久等了。
She kept her eyes shut and stayed where she was.
她紧闭双眼，待在原地未动。
with＋
sb/sth doing(主动、进行)
sth done(被动、完成)
sth to do(表示将来)
(3)with复合结构中宾语补足语的比较：
WeChat is like a public network，with people sharing information publicly.
微信像是一个公开网络，人们公开分享信息。
With a great weight taken off her mind，she passed all the tests successfully.
由于放下了极大的思想包袱，她成功地通过了所有考试。
返 回
达标检测
用所给动词的适当形式填空
The Amber Room 1. (give) this name because several tons of amber 2. (use) to make it.The 3. (select) amber had a beautiful yellow-brown colour like honey.The design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days.It was also a treasure 4. (decorate) with gold and jewels，which 5. (take) the country’s best artists about ten years 6. (make).
Later，Catherine Ⅱ had the Amber Room 7. (move) to a palace outside St.Petersburg where she spent her summers.Sadly，the Amber Room，8. (consider) one of the wonders of the world，is now missing.
返 回
was given
were used
selected
decorated
took
to make
moved
considered