厦门双十中学2025届高二(上)月考(一)英语试卷
第一卷(选择题, 共95分)
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第二部分 阅读理解(共2节, 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题, 每题2.5分, 满分37.5分)
A
On many travelers’ lists of things to do before they die, you’ll find “See the northern lights” written down. Rightfully so these lights are one of nature’s most jaw-dropping views.
In Sweden, the northern lights usually appear from late March or early April. Your best chance of catching a glimpse of them is on cold winter nights when the sky is clear, dark with little to no moonlight, and cloudless. You need to be away from city lights and go to the countryside. For those willing to brave the cold on winter nights, here are some of the best locations.
Abisko National Park
Abisko Natinal Park is a main location. The scientifically confirmed “blue hole”, a piece of sky over the Tornetrask lake that usually remains clear despite cloudy weather nearby, gives Abisko its own microclimate (局部地区气候), which is suitable for catching the lights.
Jukkasjarvi
The village of Jukkasjarvi only has about 550 people. But don’t let the small population size fool you: Jukkasjarvi owns the world’s first ice hotel and is one of the best places to view the northern lights. The ice hotel organizes guided tours for guests to the Esrange Space Center. There you can eat at a camp outside and see the Arctic winter sky for aurora borealis (北极光). Or why not try to get closer to the northern lights and watch them through an aeroplane window The ice hotel arranges flights for the amazing northern lights experience.
Gallivare
You can drive a snowmobile to the mountain top in Gallivare for a private light show, or head a few kilometers to nearby villages to watch those lights shining across the dark winter sky. But remember if you do get the chance to see the northern lights in person, never whistle to them. According to ancient Sumi fairy, it brings you bad luck.
21. When are you likely to best enjoy the northern lights in Swede
A. On cold winter nights with clear sky and a little moonlight.
B. On freezing winter nights in the rural area without moonlight or cloud.
C. On chilly winter nights in the city center with few lights and little cloud.
D. On winter nights when the sky is dark with little moonlight and no cloud.
22. What do you know about Jukkasjarvi
A. It has up to 550 people.
B. It owns the world’s first hotel.
C. It is among the best places to view the northern lights.
D. You can eat at a camp inside and see the aurora borealis.
23. Where can the text be found
A. A science report. B. An art magazine. C. A travel guide. D. A botanical book.
B
When the people first came round, they were all sitting around drinking tea nervously and occasionally glancing at the cupboards. I didn’t like the atmosphere. I was beginning to wonder why I had asked these people round to go through my stuff and take what they wanted. This is what happens when you open your home to your family and friends, telling them they can help themselves to everything within it.
Last month, I moved abroad to study for two years, taking just a single suitcase with me. I couldn’t afford to keep my flat, so when it came to my possessions, I decided to offer them up for a long-term loan. It’s not recycling, or even freecycling: I’m calling it “share cycling”. It was my beloved tent that formed the premise (前提) of it. I made the decision as I thought about the pointlessness of putting stuff into storage for two years. Instead, I imagined someone I loved putting my tent onto their back and setting off into the countryside in the summer sunshine. I was moving to the other side of the world, but this made it feel as though I would still be with my friends. To get rid of it all, I had an open house, inviting everyone I knew to take my property.
Now I am sitting in a flat on the other side of the world as rain is pouring down outside, forcing the street sellers to shelter under doorways and umbrellas. I feel very far from my home and my stuff. That list made of the things I want back I’m not sure how much I’ll need them. I don’t miss any of my belongings. Instead, my mind now is filled with thoughts of my family and friends.
My “sharecycling” plan ties me to them. A friend took my tent to a music festival. And my favourite picture ended up on the wall of my best friend’s flat back home. It’s like I’ve pressed “pause” on my city life rather than “stop”, making the move easier.
24. What’s the author’s feeling in paragraph 1
A. Embarrassed. B. Uncomfortable. C. Passionate. D. Insecure.
25. What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 2 refer to
A. The idea of “sharecycling”. B. The experience of moving abroad.
C. The idea of putting stuff into storage. D. The experience of living in the countryside.
26. What is the author doing now
A. Seeking a more affordable flat. B. Protecting street sellers from the rain.
C. Making a list of things she wants back. D. Missing her family and friends far from home.
27. What’s the main idea of this text
A. Moving on isn’t always a good option.
B. I got rid of nearly everything I owned.
C. Don’t stuff your house with useless things.
D. Giving away my belongings made my move easier.
C
A recent paper describes bees rolling tiny wooden balls, not for a reward, but apparently just for fun. This discovery emphasizes a long-standing conflict in our view of animals. On the one hand, we want to find the features that distinguish humans from other animals: tools, language and a theory of mind. On the other hand, we delight in finding animals that break those boundaries: chimps, crows and now bees that use tools, dolphins with signature whistles. But what do those boundaries mean
As a biologist who studies animal behaviour, I am puzzled by this effort to rank animals by their capabilities. I applaud the desire to show that animals are like us, but we can recognize animals for what they are, and be amazed at their abilities, without having to make their behaviour mirror that of humans.
Once we get out from the assumption that animals have to be like people with human motivations and feelings, we are freed up to consider the mechanisms (机理) behind the behaviours. For example, the same serotonin (血清素) influences anxiety in humans and maze (迷宫) exploration in crayfish. In a tank divided into well-lit and shadowy areas, crayfish explore both, but prefer the darker areas, consistent with their night lifestyle.
Does this mean crayfish experience anxiety No. In the bees’ case, they might be exhibiting some very interesting behaviour that has nothing to do with wanting to “have fun”—but we will never examine it if we simply assume they are playing just like people. I am not disparaging the bee researchers’ conclusions, and I am not trying to be a killjoy, but there is something about all this humanizing that prevent exploration, instead of encouraging it.
28. What’s the purpose of paragraph 1
A. To list out facts. B. To raise an argument.
C. To arouse readers’ interest. D. To explain a concept.
29. What can we learn from paragraph 3
A. Behaviour mechanisms work. B. Crayfish prefer the light sections.
C. The assumption proves reasonable. D. Animals are similar to human in mind.
30. What does the underlined word “disparaging” mean in paragraph 4
A. Criticizing. B. Explaining.
C. Confirming. D. Acknowledging.
31. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Feelings: Guiding Human Being B. Boundaries: Making No Sense
C. Humanizing: Covering the Truth D. Animals: Mirroring Human Behaviours
D
Search engines have changed the way we use the Internet, putting vast sources of information just a few clicks away. But Harvard professor of psychology Line Daniel Wegner’s recent research proves that websites and the Internet are changing much more than technology itself. They are changing the way our memories function. Wegner’s latest study shows that when people have access to search engines, they remember fewer facts and less information because they know they can rely on “search” as a readily available shortcut.
Wegner believes the new findings show that the Internet has become part of a transactive memory source, a method by which our brains divide information, which means you don’t have to remember everything in the world yourself. You just have to remember who knows it. Now computers and technology are becoming virtual extensions of our memory.
Wegner conducted several experiments to demonstrate the phenomenon, using various forms of memory recall to test reliance on computers. In one experiment, participants demonstrated that they were more likely to think of computer terms like “Yahoo” or “Google” after being asked a set of difficult trivia questions. In another experiment, participants typed some statements into a computer and they were told the statements would be saved in specific folders. Next, they were asked to recall the statements. Finally, they were given cues to the wording and asked to name the folders where the statements were stored. The participants proved better able to recall the folder locations than the statements themselves.
Wegner admits that questions remain about whether dependence on computers will affect memories negatively: “Nobody knows now what the effects of these tools are on logical thinking.” Students who have trouble remembering distinct facts, for example, may struggle to employ those facts in critical thinking. But he believes that the situation overall is beneficial, comparing dependence on computers to dependence on a mechanical hand or other prosthetic device.
And even though we may not be using our memories to recall distinct facts, we are still using them to consider where the facts are located and how to access them. “We still have to remember things,” Wegner explains. “We’re just remembering a different range of things.” He believes his study will lead to further research into understanding computer dependence, and looks forward to tracing the extent of human interdependence with the computer world — pinpointing the “movable dividing line between us and our computers in cyber networks.”
32. From the experiment, when asked to provide facts that are not familiar to them, people tend to ________.
A. think of specific information sources B. type into computer and remember them
C. recall them from their deep memories D. link the unfamiliar facts to their experiences
33. Which one can be an example of the transactive memory
A. An actor organizes today’s schedule with his agent.
B. A student asks his teacher for today’s homework.
C. A husband relies on his wife to remember a relative’s birthday
D. A boss asks the staff about the performance of the previous month.
34. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph
A. Computer dependence affects our thinking capacities in other distinct fields.
B. Reliance on computers does not necessarily reduce human memory.
C. Computers have helped people to understand the memory system better.
D. Researches should be done to reveal the side effect of computer dependence.
35. Which of the following can serve as the best title
A. Wegner’s Research Has Pinpointed The Dividing Line
B. Technological Networks Reshaping Our Brain Functions
C. Human’s Memory Capability Becoming Inevitably Weaker
D. Heavy Reliance On Computer For Storing More Information
第二节(共5小题, 每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分)
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Order Coffee at Starbucks
Learning how to order coffee at Starbucks can be tricky, and if you think that ordering coffee at Starbucks is confusing, you are not alone.
___36___ Things move quickly as their employees try to serve customers as efficiently as possible. Orders are generally taken at one of the cash registers. You will be asked for your first name, which you should state clearly. ___37___ Don’t be mad if they spell or read your name incorrectly. People who have unique or hard-to-spell names will sometimes use an easy "Starbucks" name when ordering, like Mike or Amy.
___38___ Their names for size are: Tall, Grande, Venti, and Trenta. However, if you order a small, medium, large, or extra-large drink, they will still understand you.
For ordering basic coffee, beyond specifying the size you want, you need to tell the servers whether you want regular or decaffeinated coffee. ___39___ If you intend to add cream or milk to your coffee, say with room for cream, or simply, with room. If you want a full cup, say no room. Read the list above the counter ahead of time, because they may not ask you which you would like. ___40___ You will have to wait a bit longer for a new batch (批) to get prepared. Once you you’re your coffee, you will find milk, cream and sweeteners on a nearby counter.
In a word, when you order, say the size you want first, then give the name of the drink, and finally add the special instructions.
A. Starbucks offers all kinds of coffee.
B. Starbucks is often a very busy place.
C. Otherwise, they will assume that you want regular.
D. Sometimes they will write your name in short forms.
E. The ordering process is somehow complicated because they use terms to describe drink size.
F. Finally, if you are very particular about the freshness of your coffee, it’s time to ask about that.
G. Your name will immediately be written on your cup and called out when your drink is ready.
第三部分 语言知识运用
第一节 完形填空(共15题, 每题1分, 满分15分)
Dan Mancina is a professional skateboarder known for being visually impaired and sharing clips of his skating on Instagram. He has a large following of fans, all ____41____ to see his skillful tricks. And videos of him using his walking stick to skateboard inspires curiosity and ____42____ from fans around the world.
The Michigan native started skating at 7, and took it more ____43____ at 13, developing his passion for the sport which he says helps him express himself. A rare genetic eye disease began to ____44____ his vision at 15, and after a year and a half, he completely lost his ____45____.
He stopped skating for a couple of years. This was the ____46____ point of his life. ____47____ letting his blindness dominate (主导) what he could or would do, he gradually ____48____ to doing what he loved—spending time outdoors.
One day, he wanted to see if he could still skate, so he ___49___ a video of a trick, which eventually got _____50_____ on social media and received great feedback. That inspired him to try a bit more, and slowly he got back into skateboarding.
In order to help make skateboarding more _____51_____ to people with vision impairments, Dan has launched a fundraising _____52_____ to build the world’s first adaptive skate park. Mancina has _____53_____ around $40,000 for the park. He hopes to be _____54_____ skate workshops for visually impaired kids by next spring or summer.
“I’m honored I can be a(n) _____55_____ for our community. Never let others define you and what you are capable of”, he said.
41.
A. eager B. nervous C. cautious D. hesitant
42.
A. gratitude B. admiration C. reflection D. evaluation
43.
A. constantly B. severely C. honestly D. seriously
44.
A. defeat B. improve C. affect D. promote
45.
A. fortune B. temper C. thought D. sight
46.
A. lowest B. starting C. finishing D. highest
47.
A. Other than B. Apart from C. Rather than D. Regardless of
48
A. objected B. returned C. preferred D. contributed
49
A. filmed B. developed C. watched D. replaced
50.
A. resisted B. exchanged C. shared D. involved
51.
A. achievable B. affordable C. remarkable D. accessible
52.
A. occupation B. competition C. assignment D. campaign
53.
A. collected B. distributed C. spent D. wasted
54.
A. applying B. running C. committing D. exploring
55.
A. signal B. alarm C. voice D. surprise
第二卷(非选择题 共55分)
第一节 单句语法填空 (共15题, 每题1分, 满分15分)
在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，使句子形式准确，意义完整。
56. The teacher considered my ________ (analyse) was reasonable. (U1单元考) (所给词的适当形式填空)
57. We have gained ________ (permit) from the directors to use some of our funds. (U1单元考) (所给词的适当形式填空)
58. I________(infer) from the article that the pilot was responsible for the accident. （所给词的适当形式填空）
59. In my opinion, the world needs more scientists than ______(politics). (所给词的适当形式填空)
60. I insist ________ your taking immediate action to put this right. (白本P7) (用适当的词填空)
61. This boy showed a strong ________(prefer) for building blocks (积木) when he was young. (用所给词的正确形式填空)
62. She arranged everything with her special ________(efficient). (用所给词的适当形式填空)
63. Who do you think are the _________ (intend) audience of the movie Oppenheimer (U2金句短语)(所给词的适当形式填空)
64. The mother took advantage of the children’s ________ (absent) to clean up their rooms. (白本P141) (所给词的适当形式填空)
65. We __________ (instant) stepped away and ran as fast as we could to the helicopter. (所给词的适当形式填空)
66. Many young people, most of ________were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.(用适当的词填空)
67. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, ________ which he could see what was happening inside the house. (U1非限制性定语从句练习25题) (用适当的词填空)
68. Stories like that are more common in parts of the world ________ multigenerational living is more firmly rooted. (用适当的词填空)
69. The 150-metre-tall bridge crosses a deep, narrow valley, ________ aim is to bring in thrill-seeking tourists. (用适当的词填空)
70. ________was reported, COVID-19 is genetically similar to the known bat coronaviruses. (用适当的词填空)
第四部分 书面表达(40分)
第一节 应用文(15分)
71. 假设你是李华。你们学校英语校报就科学家的成功品质出一期专栏，请你代表你们班给报社撰稿，内容包括：
1. 什么品质促成了科学家的成功；
2. 给出至少两个科学家的例子证明你的看法；
3. 你对未来科学家寄语。
注意：
4. 词数：80 左右；可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节 读后续写(25分)
72. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写。
At first, Michael didn’t see the black smoke or flames shooting from the windows of his neighbors’ home. He and his wife had just parked around the corner from their own house when they got a call from one of his daughters: “The house next door is on fire!” He went to check. That’s when he saw two women and a girl helpless and heartbroken on their doorway.
“The baby’s in there!” one of the women cried. Though the fire department had been called, Michael, then 64, immediately ran inside. “The baby” was 8-year-old Tiara, the woman’s granddaughter and a playmate of Michael’s three youngest kids.
The thick smoke caused Michael to stumble blindly around, burned his eyes, and made it impossible to breathe.
After a few minutes in the smoke-filled house, he retreated outside to catch his breath. “Where is Tiara ” he asked desperately.
“The second floor,” her aunt shouted back.
Michael knew he couldn’t hold his breath for long. However, taking a deep breath, he went in a second time. The darkness was overwhelming. Yet because the house had a similar design to his, he made it to the second floor. He turned to the right and was met by intense heat. He was already out of breath.
“Baby girl, where are you ”
His throat and lungs burned as if he’d inhaled fire instead of the smoke in the air. Every blink stung his eyes. All he could hear was the crackling and popping of burning wood. Then a soft but distinct moan emerged. Still unable to see, Michael fell to his knees on the hot wood floor. He crawled toward the sound, feeling around for any sign of the girl. An unlucky thought crossed his mind: I’m probably gonna die up here.
注意：
1．续写词数应为80左右；
2．每段开头语已为你写好。
Paragraph 1:
Finally, Michael touched something.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
Tiara was safe now; however, Michael fainted down to the ground, unconscious.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________厦门双十中学2025届高二(上)月考(一)英语试卷
第一卷(选择题, 共95分)
第二部分 阅读理解(共2节, 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题, 每题2.5分, 满分37.5分)
A
On many travelers’ lists of things to do before they die, you’ll find “See the northern lights” written down. Rightfully so these lights are one of nature’s most jaw-dropping views.
In Sweden, the northern lights usually appear from late March or early April. Your best chance of catching a glimpse of them is on cold winter nights when the sky is clear, dark with little to no moonlight, and cloudless. You need to be away from city lights and go to the countryside. For those willing to brave the cold on winter nights, here are some of the best locations.
Abisko National Park
Abisko Natinal Park is a main location. The scientifically confirmed “blue hole”, a piece of sky over the Tornetrask lake that usually remains clear despite cloudy weather nearby, gives Abisko its own microclimate (局部地区气候), which is suitable for catching the lights.
Jukkasjarvi
The village of Jukkasjarvi only has about 550 people. But don’t let the small population size fool you: Jukkasjarvi owns the world’s first ice hotel and is one of the best places to view the northern lights. The ice hotel organizes guided tours for guests to the Esrange Space Center. There you can eat at a camp outside and see the Arctic winter sky for aurora borealis (北极光). Or why not try to get closer to the northern lights and watch them through an aeroplane window The ice hotel arranges flights for the amazing northern lights experience.
Gallivare
You can drive a snowmobile to the mountain top in Gallivare for a private light show, or head a few kilometers to nearby villages to watch those lights shining across the dark winter sky. But remember if you do get the chance to see the northern lights in person, never whistle to them. According to ancient Sumi fairy, it brings you bad luck.
21. When are you likely to best enjoy the northern lights in Swede
A. On cold winter nights with clear sky and a little moonlight.
B. On freezing winter nights in the rural area without moonlight or cloud.
C. On chilly winter nights in the city center with few lights and little cloud.
D. On winter nights when the sky is dark with little moonlight and no cloud.
22. What do you know about Jukkasjarvi
A. It has up to 550 people.
B. It owns the world’s first hotel.
C. It is among the best places to view the northern lights.
D. You can eat at a camp inside and see the aurora borealis.
23. Where can the text be found
A. A science report. B. An art magazine. C. A travel guide. D. A botanical book.
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了瑞士北极光的几个最佳观赏点。
【21题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“Your best chance of catching a glimpse of them is on cold winter nights when the sky is clear, dark with little to no moonlight, and cloudless. You need to be away from city lights and go to the countryside.”（你瞥见它们的最佳机会是在寒冷的冬夜，天空晴朗，黑暗，几乎没有月光，没有云。你需要远离城市的灯光，到乡村去。）可推知，在寒冷的冬夜，在没有月光和云的农村地区，你最能欣赏到北极光。故选B项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Jukkasjarvi中“Jukkasjarvi owns the world’s first ice hotel and is one of the best places to view the northern lights.”（Jukkasjarvi拥有世界上第一家冰雪酒店，也是观赏北极光的最佳地点之一。）可知，Jukkasjarvi是观赏北极光的最佳地点之一。故选C项。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第一段“On many travelers’ lists of things to do before they die, you’ll find “See the northern lights” written down. Rightfully so these lights are one of nature’s most jaw-dropping views.”（在许多旅行者临终前要做的事情清单上，你会发现“看北极光”被写了下来。因此，这些光线是自然界最令人瞠目结舌的景观之一。）可知，我们发现文章介绍北极光主要是为了吸引游客，因此这篇文章可以在旅游指南中找到。故选C项。
B
When the people first came round, they were all sitting around drinking tea nervously and occasionally glancing at the cupboards. I didn’t like the atmosphere. I was beginning to wonder why I had asked these people round to go through my stuff and take what they wanted. This is what happens when you open your home to your family and friends, telling them they can help themselves to everything within it.
Last month, I moved abroad to study for two years, taking just a single suitcase with me. I couldn’t afford to keep my flat, so when it came to my possessions, I decided to offer them up for a long-term loan. It’s not recycling, or even freecycling: I’m calling it “share cycling”. It was my beloved tent that formed the premise (前提) of it. I made the decision as I thought about the pointlessness of putting stuff into storage for two years. Instead, I imagined someone I loved putting my tent onto their back and setting off into the countryside in the summer sunshine. I was moving to the other side of the world, but this made it feel as though I would still be with my friends. To get rid of it all, I had an open house, inviting everyone I knew to take my property.
Now I am sitting in a flat on the other side of the world as rain is pouring down outside forcing the street sellers to shelter under doorways and umbrellas. I feel very far from my home and my stuff. That list made of the things I want back I’m not sure how much I’ll need them. I don’t miss any of my belongings. Instead, my mind now is filled with thoughts of my family and friends.
My “sharecycling” plan ties me to them. A friend took my tent to a music festival. And my favourite picture ended up on the wall of my best friend’s flat back home. It’s like I’ve pressed “pause” on my city life rather than “stop”, making the move easier.
24. What’s the author’s feeling in paragraph 1
A. Embarrassed. B. Uncomfortable. C. Passionate. D. Insecure.
25. What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 2 refer to
A. The idea of “sharecycling”. B. The experience of moving abroad.
C. The idea of putting stuff into storage. D. The experience of living in the countryside.
26. What is the author doing now
A. Seeking a more affordable flat. B. Protecting street sellers from the rain.
C. Making a list of things she wants back. D. Missing her family and friends far from home.
27. What’s the main idea of this text
A. Moving on isn’t always a good option.
B. I got rid of nearly everything I owned.
C. Don’t stuff your house with useless things.
D. Giving away my belongings made my move easier.
【答案】24. B 25. A 26. D 27. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了作者的“共享循环”理念的产生以及作者从中获得的体验，让移居变得更容易。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。文章第一段讲到“I didn’t like the atmosphere (我不喜欢这里的气氛)”可知，作者在第一段中感到不舒服。故选B。
【25题详解】
词义猜测题。文章第二段讲到“It’s not recycling, or even freecycling: I’m calling it “share cycling”. It was my beloved tent that formed the premise (前提) of it. (这不是回收，甚至不是自由循环：我称之为“共享循环”。是我心爱的帐篷构成了它的前提)，以及“Instead, I imagined someone I loved putting my tent onto their back and setting off into the countryside in the summer sunshine. (相反，我想象着我爱的人背上我的帐篷，在夏日的阳光下出发去乡村。)”可知，作者的“共享循环”带来了积极的效果，即使深处异地，仍能感受到朋友和家人的陪伴。因此，第二段中带下划线的单词“this”指的是“共享循环”的理念。故选A。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。文章倒数第二段讲到“Instead, my mind now is filled with thoughts of my family and friends (相反，我现在满脑子都是对家人和朋友的思念)”可知，作者现在在想念远离家乡的家人和朋友。故选D。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。主要介绍了作者的“共享循环”理念的产生以及作者从中获得的体验，让搬家变得更容易。文章最后一段讲到“It’s like I’ve pressed “pause” on my city life rather than “stop”, making the move easier.(这就像我在城市生活中按下了“pause”键，而不是“stop”键，让搬家变得更容易。)”可知，这篇文章的主旨是“赠送我的物品让移居更容易”。故选D。
C
A recent paper describes bees rolling tiny wooden balls, not for a reward, but apparently just for fun. This discovery emphasizes a long-standing conflict in our view of animals. On the one hand, we want to find the features that distinguish humans from other animals: tools, language and a theory of mind. On the other hand, we delight in finding animals that break those boundaries: chimps, crows and now bees that use tools, dolphins with signature whistles. But what do those boundaries mean
As a biologist who studies animal behaviour, I am puzzled by this effort to rank animals by their capabilities. I applaud the desire to show that animals are like us, but we can recognize animals for what they are, and be amazed at their abilities, without having to make their behaviour mirror that of humans.
Once we get out from the assumption that animals have to be like people with human motivations and feelings, we are freed up to consider the mechanisms (机理) behind the behaviours. For example, the same serotonin (血清素) influences anxiety in humans and maze (迷宫) exploration in crayfish. In a tank divided into well-lit and shadowy areas, crayfish explore both, but prefer the darker areas, consistent with their night lifestyle.
Does this mean crayfish experience anxiety No. In the bees’ case, they might be exhibiting some very interesting behaviour that has nothing to do with wanting to “have fun”—but we will never examine it if we simply assume they are playing just like people. I am not disparaging the bee researchers’ conclusions, and I am not trying to be a killjoy, but there is something about all this humanizing that prevent exploration, instead of encouraging it.
28. What’s the purpose of paragraph 1
A. To list out facts. B. To raise an argument.
C. To arouse readers’ interest. D. To explain a concept.
29. What can we learn from paragraph 3
A. Behaviour mechanisms work. B. Crayfish prefer the light sections.
C. The assumption proves reasonable. D. Animals are similar to human in mind.
30. What does the underlined word “disparaging” mean in paragraph 4
A. Criticizing. B. Explaining.
C. Confirming. D. Acknowledging.
31. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Feelings: Guiding Human Being B. Boundaries: Making No Sense
C. Humanizing: Covering the Truth D. Animals: Mirroring Human Behaviours
【答案】28. B 29. A 30. A 31. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲的是作者赞赏展示动物和我们一样的愿望，但我们可以认识动物的本来面目，并对它们的能力感到惊讶，而不必把它们的行为模仿成人类的行为，一旦我们摆脱了动物必须像人类一样具有人类动机和情感的假设，我们就可以自由地考虑行为背后的机制。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的“A recent paper describes bees rolling tiny wooden balls, not for a reward, but apparently just for fun. This discovery emphasizes a long-standing conflict in our view of animals.(最近的一篇论文描述了蜜蜂滚动小木球，不是为了奖励，而显然只是为了好玩。这一发现强调了我们对动物的看法中一个长期存在的冲突。)”可推知，第一段的目的是提出论点——我们对动物的看法中一个长期存在的冲突。故选B。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“Once we get out from the assumption that animals have to be like people with human motivations and feelings, we are freed up to consider the mechanisms (机理) behind the behaviours. For example, the same serotonin (血清素) influences anxiety in humans and maze (迷宫) exploration in crayfish. In a tank divided into well-lit and shadowy areas, crayfish explore both, but prefer the darker areas, consistent with their night lifestyle.(一旦我们摆脱了动物必须像人类一样具有人类动机和情感的假设，我们就可以自由地考虑行为背后的机制。例如，同样的血清素影响人类的焦虑和小龙虾的迷宫探索。在一个被分成光线充足和阴暗的区域的水箱里，小龙虾会在两个区域都探索，但更喜欢黑暗的区域，这与它们的夜间生活方式一致。)”可知，我们可以从第三段中了解到行为机制起作用。故选A。
【30题详解】
词句猜测题。根据最后一段的“In the bees’ case, they might be exhibiting some very interesting behaviour that has nothing to do with wanting to “have fun”—but we will never examine it if we simply assume they are playing just like people.(在蜜蜂的例子中，它们可能会表现出一些非常有趣的行为，这些行为与想要“玩得开心”无关——但如果我们简单地假设它们像人一样玩耍，我们就永远不会研究它。)”和“and I am not trying to be a killjoy, but there is something about all this humanizing that prevent exploration, instead of encouraging it(我并不想扫兴，但所有这些人性化的东西阻碍了探索，而不是鼓励探索)”可知，作者在此声明的是自己并不是在贬低蜜蜂研究人员的结论，也不是想要扫兴，因此划线词disparaging的意思是“贬低，诋毁”，和criticizing意思相近，故选A。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段的“As a biologist who studies animal behaviour, I am puzzled by this effort to rank animals by their capabilities. I applaud the desire to show that animals are like us, but we can recognize animals for what they are, and be amazed at their abilities, without having to make their behaviour mirror that of humans.(作为一名研究动物行为的生物学家，我对这种按能力给动物排序的做法感到困惑。我赞赏展示动物和我们一样的愿望，但我们可以认识动物的本来面目，并对它们的能力感到惊讶，而不必把它们的行为模仿成人类的行为。)”和第三段的“Once we get out from the assumption that animals have to be like people with human motivations and feelings, we are freed up to consider the mechanisms (机理) behind the behaviours.(一旦我们摆脱了动物必须像人类一样具有人类动机和情感的假设，我们就可以自由地考虑行为背后的机制。)”可知，本文主要讲的是作者赞赏展示动物和我们一样的愿望，但我们可以认识动物的本来面目，并对它们的能力感到惊讶，而不必把它们的行为模仿成人类的行为，一旦我们摆脱了动物必须像人类一样具有人类动机和情感的假设，我们就可以自由地考虑行为背后的机制，也就是说动物的人性化掩盖了关于它们的行为，因此最好的标题是C选项“Humanizing: Covering the Truth(人性化：掩盖真相)”，故选C。
D
Search engines have changed the way we use the Internet, putting vast sources of information just a few clicks away. But Harvard professor of psychology Line Daniel Wegner’s recent research proves that websites and the Internet are changing much more than technology itself. They are changing the way our memories function. Wegner’s latest study shows that when people have access to search engines, they remember fewer facts and less information because they know they can rely on “search” as a readily available shortcut.
Wegner believes the new findings show that the Internet has become part of a transactive memory source, a method by which our brains divide information, which means you don’t have to remember everything in the world yourself. You just have to remember who knows it. Now computers and technology are becoming virtual extensions of our memory.
Wegner conducted several experiments to demonstrate the phenomenon, using various forms of memory recall to test reliance on computers. In one experiment, participants demonstrated that they were more likely to think of computer terms like “Yahoo” or “Google” after being asked a set of difficult trivia questions. In another experiment, participants typed some statements into a computer and they were told the statements would be saved in specific folders. Next, they were asked to recall the statements. Finally, they were given cues to the wording and asked to name the folders where the statements were stored. The participants proved better able to recall the folder locations than the statements themselves.
Wegner admits that questions remain about whether dependence on computers will affect memories negatively: “Nobody knows now what the effects of these tools are on logical thinking.” Students who have trouble remembering distinct facts, for example, may struggle to employ those facts in critical thinking. But he believes that the situation overall is beneficial, comparing dependence on computers to dependence on a mechanical hand or other prosthetic device.
And even though we may not be using our memories to recall distinct facts we are still using them to consider where the facts are located and how to access them. “We still have to remember things,” Wegner explains. “We’re just remembering a different range of things.” He believes his study will lead to further research into understanding computer dependence, and looks forward to tracing the extent of human interdependence with the computer world — pinpointing the “movable dividing line between us and our computers in cyber networks.”
32. From the experiment, when asked to provide facts that are not familiar to them, people tend to ________.
A. think of specific information sources B. type into computer and remember them
C. recall them from their deep memories D. link the unfamiliar facts to their experiences
33. Which one can be an example of the transactive memory
A. An actor organizes today’s schedule with his agent.
B. A student asks his teacher for today’s homework.
C. A husband relies on his wife to remember a relative’s birthday
D. A boss asks the staff about the performance of the previous month.
34. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph
A. Computer dependence affects our thinking capacities in other distinct fields.
B. Reliance on computers does not necessarily reduce human memory.
C. Computers have helped people to understand the memory system better.
D. Researches should be done to reveal the side effect of computer dependence.
35. Which of the following can serve as the best title
A. Wegner’s Research Has Pinpointed The Dividing Line
B. Technological Networks Reshaping Our Brain Functions
C. Human’s Memory Capability Becoming Inevitably Weaker
D. Heavy Reliance On Computer For Storing More Information
【答案】32. A 33. C 34. B 35. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了计算机和技术正在重塑我们大脑的功能，并说明了研究开展的过程及意义。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“In one experiment, participants demonstrated that they were more likely to think of computer terms like “Yahoo” or “Google” after being asked a set of difficult trivia questions. In another experiment, participants typed some statements into a computer and they were told the statements would be saved in specific folders. Next, they were asked to recall the statements. Finally, they were given cues to the wording and asked to name the folders where the statements were stored. The participants proved better able to recall the folder locations than the statements themselves.(在一项实验中，参与者在被问及一系列复杂的琐事问题后，他们更有可能想到“雅虎”或“谷歌”等计算机术语。在另一项实验中，参与者在电脑中输入一些语句，并被告知这些语句将被保存在特定的文件夹中。接下来，他们被要求回忆这些陈述。最后，研究人员给他们提示，并要求他们说出存放这些语句的文件夹名称。事实证明，参与者能够更好地回忆文件夹位置，而不是语句本身)”可知，从实验中我们知道，当被要求提供他们不熟悉的事实时，人们倾向于想到特定的信息源。故选A。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Wegner believes the new findings show that the Internet has become part of a transactive memory source, a method by which our brains divide information, which means you don’t have to remember everything in the world yourself. You just have to remember who knows it.(韦格纳认为，新的发现表明，互联网已经成为交互记忆来源的一部分，这是我们的大脑划分信息的一种方法，这意味着你不必自己记住世界上的所有事情。你只要记住谁知道就行了)”可推知，C选项“丈夫依靠妻子记住亲戚的生日”是交互记忆的例子。故选C。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中““We still have to remember things,” Wegner explains. “We’re just remembering a different range of things.” He believes his study will lead to further research into understanding computer dependence, and looks forward to tracing the extent of human interdependence with the computer world — pinpointing the “movable dividing line between us and our computers in cyber networks.(韦格纳解释道：“我们仍然需要记住一些事情。我们只是记住了不同范围的事情。”他相信他的研究将导致对计算机依赖性的进一步研究，并期待追踪人类与计算机世界的相互依赖程度——确定“在网络中我们与计算机之间的可移动分界线”)”可推知，对计算机的依赖并不一定会减少人类的记忆。故选B。
【35题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Search engines have changed the way we use the Internet, putting vast sources of information just a few clicks away. But Harvard professor of psychology Line Daniel Wegner’s recent research proves that websites and the Internet are changing much more than technology itself. They are changing the way our memories function. (搜索引擎已经改变了我们使用互联网的方式，只需点击几下就能获得大量的信息。但哈佛大学心理学教授莱恩·丹尼尔·韦格纳最近的研究证明，网站和互联网正在发生的变化远不止技术本身。它们正在改变我们记忆的运作功能)”结合文章主要说明了计算机和技术正在重塑我们大脑的功能，并说明了研究开展的过程及意义，故B选项“技术网络重塑我们的大脑功能”符合文章大意，适合做标题，故选B。
第二节(共5小题, 每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分)
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Order Coffee at Starbucks
Learning how to order coffee at Starbucks can be tricky, and if you think that ordering coffee at Starbucks is confusing, you are not alone.
___36___ Things move quickly as their employees try to serve customers as efficiently as possible. Orders are generally taken at one of the cash registers. You will be asked for your first name, which you should state clearly. ___37___ Don’t be mad if they spell or read your name incorrectly. People who have unique or hard-to-spell names will sometimes use an easy "Starbucks" name when ordering, like Mike or Amy.
___38___ Their names for size are: Tall, Grande, Venti, and Trenta. However, if you order a small, medium, large, or extra-large drink, they will still understand you.
For ordering basic coffee, beyond specifying the size you want, you need to tell the servers whether you want regular or decaffeinated coffee. ___39___ If you intend to add cream or milk to your coffee, say with room for cream, or simply, with room. If you want a full cup, say no room. Read the list above the counter ahead of time, because they may not ask you which you would like. ___40___ You will have to wait a bit longer for a new batch (批) to get prepared. Once you you’re your coffee, you will find milk, cream and sweeteners on a nearby counter.
In a word, when you order, say the size you want first, then give the name of the drink, and finally add the special instructions.
A. Starbucks offers all kinds of coffee.
B. Starbucks is often a very busy place.
C. Otherwise, they will assume that you want regular.
D. Sometimes they will write your name in short forms.
E. The ordering process is somehow complicated because they use terms to describe drink size.
F. Finally, if you are very particular about the freshness of your coffee, it’s time to ask about that.
G. Your name will immediately be written on your cup and called out when your drink is ready.
【答案】36. B 37. G 38. E 39. C 40. F
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章向我们介绍了在星巴克如何点咖啡及有哪些注意事项。
【36题详解】
空格后句“Things move quickly as their employees try to serve customers as efficiently as possible.”意为“因为员工尽可能高效地为客户服务，所以事情进展迅速”，由此可推断出，在星巴克，服务是快速的。B项“Starbucks is often a very busy place.”意为“星巴克经常是一个非常繁忙的地方”，能够引起下文，下文阐述的内容解释了为什么那是个繁忙的地方。故选B项。
【37题详解】
空格后句“Don’t be mad if they spell or read your name incorrectly.”意为“如果他们拼写或读错了你的名字，不要生气”，由此可推断出，空格处应该与你的名字有关。G项“Your name will immediately be written on your cup and called out when your drink is ready.”意为“你的名字会立即被写在你的杯子上，等你的咖啡好了，就喊你的名字”，能够引起下文，在员工喊你的名字时出现了错误，这时请不要生气。故选G项。
【38题详解】
空格后句“Their names for size are: Tall, Grande, Venti, and Trenta.”意为“他们的饮品大小的名字是：Tall, Grande, Venti和Trenta”。由此可推断出，这里介绍的是在星巴克点咖啡时，如何形容饮品的尺寸。E项“The ordering process is somehow complicated because they use terms to describe drink size.”意为“点餐的过程有点复杂，因为他们用术语来描述饮品的大小”，能够引起下文，而且后文介绍了，他们的术语“Tall, Grande, Venti和Trenta”就相当于生活中的“小杯、中杯、大杯和超大杯”。故选E项。
【39题详解】
空格上句“For ordering basic coffee, beyond specifying the size you want, you need to tell the servers whether you want regular or decaffeinated coffee.”意为“除了指定你想要的咖啡尺寸之外，你还需要告诉服务员你想要普通咖啡还是不含咖啡因的咖啡。”C项“Otherwise, they will assume that you want regular.”意为“否则，他们会认为你想要普通的。”选项中的regular与上文的regular呼应，如果你不提前告诉他们你想要普通咖啡还是不含咖啡因的咖啡，他们就会认为你想要普通的咖啡，选项能够承接上文。故选C项。
【40题详解】
空格后句“You will have to wait a bit longer for a new batch (批) to get prepared.”意为“为了新做出的咖啡，你需要等待一段时间”。由此可推断出，这里讲述的是做咖啡的新鲜度和制作咖啡的时间问题。F项“Finally, if you are very particular about the freshness of your coffee, it’s time to ask about that.”意为“最后，如果你对咖啡的新鲜度很挑剔，是时候问问这个问题了。”选项能够引起下文，如果你想要新鲜的咖啡，就需要等待一段时间。故选F项。
第三部分 语言知识运用
第一节 完形填空(共15题, 每题1分, 满分15分)
Dan Mancina is a professional skateboarder known for being visually impaired and sharing clips of his skating on Instagram. He has a large following of fans, all ____41____ to see his skillful tricks. And videos of him using his walking stick to skateboard inspires curiosity and ____42____ from fans around the world.
The Michigan native started skating at 7, and took it more ____43____ at 13, developing his passion for the sport which he says helps him express himself. A rare genetic eye disease began to ____44____ his vision at 15, and after a year and a half, he completely lost his ____45____.
He stopped skating for a couple of years. This was the ____46____ point of his life. ____47____ letting his blindness dominate (主导) what he could or would do, he gradually ____48____ to doing what he loved—spending time outdoors.
One day, he wanted to see if he could still skate, so he ___49___ a video of a trick, which eventually got _____50_____ on social media and received great feedback. That inspired him to try a bit more, and slowly he got back into skateboarding.
In order to help make skateboarding more _____51_____ to people with vision impairments, Dan has launched a fundraising _____52_____ to build the world’s first adaptive skate park. Mancina has _____53_____ around $40,000 for the park. He hopes to be _____54_____ skate workshops for visually impaired kids by next spring or summer.
“I’m honored I can be a(n) _____55_____ for our community. Never let others define you and what you are capable of”, he said.
41.
A. eager B. nervous C. cautious D. hesitant
42.
A. gratitude B. admiration C. reflection D. evaluation
43.
A. constantly B. severely C. honestly D. seriously
44.
A. defeat B. improve C. affect D. promote
45.
A. fortune B. temper C. thought D. sight
46.
A. lowest B. starting C. finishing D. highest
47.
A. Other than B. Apart from C. Rather than D. Regardless of
48.
A. objected B. returned C. preferred D. contributed
49.
A. filmed B. developed C. watched D. replaced
50.
A. resisted B. exchanged C. shared D. involved
51.
A. achievable B. affordable C. remarkable D. accessible
52.
A. occupation B. competition C. assignment D. campaign
53.
A. collected B. distributed C. spent D. wasted
54.
A. applying B. running C. committing D. exploring
55.
A. signal B. alarm C. voice D. surprise
【答案】41. A 42. B 43. D 44. C 45. D 46. A 47. C 48. B 49. A 50. C 51. D 52. D 53. A 54. B 55. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了美国密歇根州的一名失明滑板运动员正在挑战我们对视障人士的认知——他不仅在滑板运动上取得了成功，而且还在努力影响他人。
【41题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他有一大群粉丝，他们都渴望看到他的绝技。A. eager渴望的；B. nervous紧张的；C. cautious谨慎的；D. hesitant犹豫的。根据上文“He has a large following of fans”可知，粉丝都渴望看到他的绝技。故选A。
【42题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他在滑板上使用手杖的视频激发了全世界粉丝的好奇心和崇拜。A. gratitude感激；B. admiration钦佩，崇拜；C. reflection反映；D. evaluation评价。根据上文“And videos of him using his walking stick to skateboard inspires curiosity”和下文“from fans”可知，Dan Mancina在滑板上使用手杖的视频激发了粉丝的崇拜。故选B。
43题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：这位密歇根人7岁开始滑板运动，13岁时更认真地对待这项运动，并对这项运动产生了热爱，他说这有助于他表达自己。A. constantly不断地；B. severely严重地；C. honestly诚实地；D. seriously认真地。根据下文“at 13, developing his passion for the sport which he says helps him express himself”可知，Dan Mancina在13岁时更认真地对待滑板这项运动。故选D。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一种罕见的遗传性眼病在15岁时开始影响他的视力，一年半后，他完全失明了。A. defeat打败；B. improve提高；C. affect影响；D. promote促进。根据上文“A rare genetic eye disease”可知，罕见的遗传性眼病开始影响Dan Mancina的视力。故选C。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一种罕见的遗传性眼病在15岁时开始影响他的视力，一年半后，他完全失明了。A. fortune运气；B. temper脾气；C. thought想法；D. sight视力。根据上文“A rare genetic eye disease began to ___4____his vision at 15”和下文“____7____ letting his blindness dominate (主导) what he could or would do”可知，罕见的遗传性眼病使得Dan Mancina完全失明。故选D。
【46题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是他人生的最低谷。A. lowest最低的；B. starting开始的；C. finishing结束的；D. highest最高的。根据上文“He stopped skating for a couple of years.”可知，因为失明不能从事滑板运动，所以这是他人生的最低谷。故选A。
【47题详解】
考查固定短语辨析。句意：他没有让自己的失明主宰自己能做或愿意做的事情，而是逐渐回到自己喜欢的事情上——花时间在户外。A. Other than除了；B. Apart from除……以外；C. Rather than而不是；D. Regardless of不管；不顾。根据下文“he gradually____8____to doing what he loved—spending time outdoors”可知，Dan Mancina不是让自己的失明主宰自己，而是开始从事户外活动。故选C。
【48题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他没有让自己的失明主宰自己能做或愿意做的事情，而是逐渐回到自己喜欢的事情上——花时间在户外。A. objected反对；B. returned返回；C. preferred更喜欢；D. contributed贡献。根据下文“spending time outdoors”可知，Dan Mancina逐渐回到自己喜欢的事情上。故选B。
【49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一天，他想看看自己还能不能滑板运动，于是他拍了一段视频，并最终在社交媒体上分享了这段视频，得到了很好的反馈。A. filmed把……拍成电影，拍摄；B. developed发展；C. watched观看； D. replaced取代。根据下文“a video of a trick”可知，Dan Mancina拍了一段自己滑板时的视频。故选A。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一天，他想看看自己还能不能滑板运动，于是他拍了一段视频，并最终在社交媒体上分享了这段视频，得到了很好的反馈。A. resisted抵抗；B. exchanged交换；C. shared分享；D. involved包含。根据上文“so he ____9____a video of a trick”和下文“on social media”可知，他把所拍的视频分享到社交媒体上。故选C。
【51题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为了帮助有视力障碍的人更容易接触滑板，Dan开始了一项筹款活动，以建立世界上第一个自适应滑板公园。A. achievable可完成的；B. affordable支付得起的；C. remarkable非凡的；D. accessible可接近的。根据下文“Dan has launched a fundraising____12____to build the world’s first adaptive skate park”可知，Dan Mancina建立自适应滑板公园是为了帮助有视力障碍的人更容易接触滑板。故选D。
【52题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了帮助有视力障碍人更容易接触滑板，Dan开始了一项筹款活动，以建立世界上第一个自适应滑板公园。A. occupation职业；B. competition竞赛；C. assignment作业；D. campaign活动。根据上文“In order to help make skateboarding more ____11____to people with vision impairments”可知，Dan Mancina开始了一项筹款活动，目的是帮助有视力障碍的人更容易接触滑板。故选D。
【53题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Mancina已经为公园筹集了大约4万美元。A. collected筹集；B. distributed分配；C. spent花费；D. wasted浪费。根据上文“Dan has started a fundraising____12____to build the world’s first adaptive skate park.”可知，Dan Mancina筹集活动筹集了大约4万美元。故选A。
【54题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他希望在明年春天或夏天为视障儿童开办滑板讲习班。A. applying申请；B. running开办，经营；C. committing（使）承诺，承担义务；D. exploring探索。根据下文“skate workshops for visually impaired kids by next spring or summer”可知，Dan Mancina打算开办滑板讲习班。故选B。
【55题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很荣幸能够为我们的社区发声。A. signal信号；B. alarm警报；C. voice声音；D. surprise惊讶。根据下文“Never let others define you and what you are capable of”可知，Dan Mancina很荣幸能够为自己的社区发声。故选C。
第二卷(非选择题 共55分)
第一节 单句语法填空 (共15题, 每题1分, 满分15分)
在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，使句子形式准确，意义完整。
56. The teacher considered my ________ (analyse) was reasonable. (U1单元考) (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】analysis
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：老师认为我的分析是合理的。my后跟名词，analyse的名词是analysis，可数名词，意为“分析”根据was可知，用单数，故填analysis。
57. We have gained ________ (permit) from the directors to use some of our funds. (U1单元考) (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】permission
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：我们已得到董事们的许可，可以使用我们的部分资金。分析句子可知，此处为名词作句子的宾语成分，permission“允许”为名词，满足句意要求。故填permission。
58. I________(infer) from the article that the pilot was responsible for the accident. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】inferred
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我从这篇文章中推断出飞行员应对事故负责。此处做主句谓语动词，句子陈述过去的动作，应用一般过去时。故填inferred。
59. In my opinion, the world needs more scientists than ______(politics). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】politicians
【解析】
【详解】考查名词复数。句意：在我看来，世界需要更多的科学家而不是政治家。more...than比较的是科学家们和政治家们，因此用表示人的名词复数，故填politicians。
60. I insist ________ your taking immediate action to put this right. (白本P7) (用适当的词填空)
【答案】on
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意：我坚决要求你立即采取行动把这件事纠正过来。insist on one’s doing sth.是固定短语，意为“坚决要求某人做某事”，因此空格处是介词on，故填on。
61. This boy showed a strong ________(prefer) for building blocks (积木) when he was young. (用所给词的正确形式填空)
【答案】preference
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：这个男孩小时候就对搭积木表现出强烈的偏好。分析句子可知，空处作showed的宾语，prefer的名词形式preference“偏好，喜好”符合题意，且空前有a strong，preference应用单数形式。故填preference。
62. She arranged everything with her special ________(efficient). (用所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】efficiency
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：她以她特有的效率安排一切。分析句子可知，空处作介词with的宾语，结合arranged everything可知，应用efficient的名词形式efficiency，意为“效率”，是不可数名词。故填efficiency。
63. Who do you think are the _________ (intend) audience of the movie Oppenheimer (U2金句短语)(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】intended
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：你认为谁是电影《奥本海默》的目标观众？由空后audience为名词可知，此处为形容词intended“为……打算（或设计）的”作定语修饰该名词，满足句意要求。故填intended。
64. The mother took advantage of the children’s ________ (absent) to clean up their rooms. (白本P141) (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】absence
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：母亲利用孩子们不在的机会打扫了他们的房间。由空前the children’s名词所有格可知，此处为名词形式作宾语。故填absence。
65. We __________ (instant) stepped away and ran as fast as we could to the helicopter. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】instantly
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：我们立刻走开，以最快的速度向直升机跑去。副词修饰动词，作状语。立刻地副词是instantly。故填instantly。
66. Many young people, most of ________were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.(用适当的词填空)
【答案】whom
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：许多年轻人，大多数受过良好教育，前往偏远地区追逐梦想。分析句子结构可知，“most of ________were well-educated”是介词+关系代词引导非限制性定语从句，从句缺介词of的宾语，先行词是“young people”，故用关系代词whom引导定语从句。故填whom。
67. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, ________ which he could see what was happening inside the house. (U1非限制性定语从句练习25题) (用适当的词填空)
【答案】through
【解析】
【详解】考查介词+关系代词的定语从句。句意：这个聪明的男孩在墙上打了一个洞，通过这个洞他可以看到房子里发生的事情。分析句子可知，此处为介词through+关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词hole在从句中作介词through的宾语成分，表示“通过墙上的洞”。故填through。
68. Stories like that are more common in parts of the world ________ multigenerational living is more firmly rooted. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】where
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这样的故事在世界上一些几代同堂的生活方式更加根深蒂固的地方更为常见。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是parts，指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，所以空处需用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。
69. The 150-metre-tall bridge crosses a deep, narrow valley, ________ aim is to bring in thrill-seeking tourists. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】whose
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这座150米高的桥横跨一个又深又窄的山谷，其目的是吸引寻求刺激的游客。分析句子，设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作定语，修饰先行词bridge，此处表示“桥的目的”故使用whose。故填whose。
70. ________was reported, COVID-19 is genetically similar to the known bat coronaviruses. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】As
【解析】
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句引导词。句意：正如所报道的，COVID-19在基因上与已知的蝙蝠冠状病毒相似。分析可知，“_______ was reported”为非限制性定语从句，其先行词为之后的主句，用关系代词“as”引导从句，as有“正如”之意。置于句首，首字母大写。故填As。
第四部分 书面表达(40分)
第一节 应用文(15分)
71. 假设你是李华。你们学校英语校报就科学家的成功品质出一期专栏，请你代表你们班给报社撰稿，内容包括：
1. 什么品质促成了科学家的成功；
2. 给出至少两个科学家的例子证明你的看法；
3. 你对未来科学家的寄语。
注意：
4. 词数：80 左右；可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Editor,
I am writing on behalf of my class to contribute to the English school newspaper on the topic of successful qualities of scientists. We believe that perseverance, creativity, and a thirst for knowledge are key qualities that contribute to scientists’ success.
Perseverance allows scientists to overcome challenges and obstacles they face in their research. Marie Curie’s work with radioactive materials is a good example of perseverance in the face of adversity. Creativity allows scientists to think outside the box and come up with innovative solutions. Thomas Edison’s invention of the light bulb is a great example of creative problem-solving.
Our message to future scientists is to keep developing their curiosity, persevere through obstacles, and think creatively in their pursuit of scientific knowledge.
Thank you for considering our contribution to the school newspaper.
Sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生代表你们班给学校英语校报就科学家的成功品质出一期专栏撰稿。
【详解】1.词汇积累
导致：contribute to →result in
关键的：key→crucial
克服：overcome → conquer
想出：come up with →think up
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Thomas Edison’s invention of the light bulb is a great example of creative problem-solving.
拓展句：Thomas Edison, who invented the light bulb, is a great example of creative problem-solving.
【点睛】【高分句型1】We believe that perseverance, creativity, and a thirst for knowledge are key qualities that contribute to scientists’ success.（运用了宾语从句和定语从句）
【高分句型2】Perseverance allows scientists to overcome challenges and obstacles they face in their research. （运用了定语从句）
第二节 读后续写(25分)
72. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写。
At first, Michael didn’t see the black smoke or flames shooting from the windows of his neighbors’ home. He and his wife had just parked around the corner from their own house when they got a call from one of his daughters: “The house next door is on fire!” He went to check. That’s when he saw two women and a girl helpless and heartbroken on their doorway.
“The baby’s in there!” one of the women cried. Though the fire department had been called, Michael, then 64, immediately ran inside. “The baby” was 8-year-old Tiara, the woman’s granddaughter and a playmate of Michael’s three youngest kids.
The thick smoke caused Michael to stumble blindly around, burned his eyes, and made it impossible to breathe.
After a few minutes in the smoke-filled house, he retreated outside to catch his breath. “Where is Tiara ” he asked desperately.
“The second floor,” her aunt shouted back.
Michael knew he couldn’t hold his breath for long. However, taking a deep breath, he went in a second time. The darkness was overwhelming. Yet because the house had a similar design to his, he made it to the second floor. He turned to the right and was met by intense heat. He was already out of breath.
“Baby girl, where are you ”
His throat and lungs burned as if he’d inhaled fire instead of the smoke in the air. Every blink stung his eyes. All he could hear was the crackling and popping of burning wood. Then a soft but distinct moan emerged. Still unable to see, Michael fell to his knees on the hot wood floor. He crawled toward the sound, feeling around for any sign of the girl. An unlucky thought crossed his mind: I’m probably gonna die up here.
注意：
1．续写词数应为80左右；
2．每段开头语已为你写好。
Paragraph 1:
Finally, Michael touched something.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
Tiara was safe now; however, Michael fainted down to the ground, unconscious.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Finally, Michael touched something. A shoe, then an ankle — It was Tiara! He scooped her into his arms and stood. Turning, he fought through the smoke and made his way to the outside. Michael put Tiara down on the doorway. And He started CPR — the first time he’d ever done so. The women stood behind him, praying silently. Soon a slight cough came from Tiara’s throat. He gave five more breaths. She opened her eyes and took a breath on her own.
Tiara was safe now; however, Michael fainted down to the ground, unconscious. After spending a couple of days in the hospital, Michael finally woke up. He suffered severe burns to his windpipe and the upper portion of his lungs. He spent over a week in the hospital. The fire worsened Michael’s pulmonary condition, and he feels the effects even two years later. As a result, he takes extra medication that helps open his airways. “It’s a small price to pay, he says. “I’d do it again in a heartbeat. I wouldn’t give it a second thought.”
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了64岁的迈克尔得知隔壁房子着火后，急忙赶去救火，浓烟使得迈克尔几乎无法呼吸。询问后得知孩子在二楼，尽管知道自己无法长时间屏住呼吸，迈克尔还是第二次走进火场，经历艰难，寻找孩子的踪迹。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“最后，迈克尔摸到了什么东西。”可知，第一段可描写迈克尔找到了蒂亚拉并将她带到外边，为蒂亚拉做人工呼吸，最终蒂亚拉醒来了。
②由第二段首句内容“蒂亚拉现在安全了；然而，迈克尔昏倒在地，不省人事。”可知，第二段可描写迈克尔的健康受到影响，但他还是不后悔自己当时的决定。
2.续写线索：迈克尔找到蒂亚拉——为蒂亚拉做人工呼吸——蒂亚拉醒来——迈克尔昏倒——接受治疗后醒来——不后悔自己的决定
3.词汇激活
行为类
①把她抱到怀里：scoop her into his arms/hold her in his arms
②开始：start/begin
③考虑：give it a second thought/think it over
情绪类
①奋力挣扎：fought/struggle
②祈祷：pray/supplicate
【点睛】【高分句型1】Turning, he fought through the smoke and made his way to the outside.（运用了现在分词作状语）
【高分句型2】As a result, he takes extra medication that helps open his airways.（运用了that引导限制性定语从句）
