2024年中考英语复习专题句子成分&句子结构（无答案）

句子成分&句子结构
句子成分
英语中句子成分共有8种，分别是主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、表语以及同位语。
主语
主语是句子的主体，是句子中要行使或接受某个动作的对象。
I ran away.
You are my best friend.
Winter is coming.
谓语
谓语是句子中描述主语“做什么”、“是什么”的一个整体，核心是谓语动词。
I can fly. →谓语动词是fly
She will come. →谓语动词是come
一个简单句只能有一个谓语动词，其余的动词为非谓语动词。非谓语动词没有原形。
We like to play. →谓语动词是like, play是非谓语动词。
宾语
宾语是被动词或介词支配的对象。
She rides a bike.
Nobody likes her.
I gave him a book.
定语
定语是形容、修饰名词的句子成分。
They're singing a beautiful song.
The boy has long hair.
Mooncakes are traditional food in China.
状语
状语是描述谓语动词状态的句子成分。这种状态可以是：时间、地点、原因、程度、让步、比较、伴随等
I get up at six o'clock. （时间）
He studied at home. （地点）
She died because of an accident. （原因）
It moves quickly. （程度）
Though looking bad, it tastes good. （让步）
I am older than you. （比较）
Police go everywhere with a gun. （伴随）
补语（宾语补足语）
补语即宾语补足语，简称宾补，是跟在宾语后对宾语的补充说明。
He makes me happy.
Keep the door open, please.
Don't leave me behind.
表语（主语补足语）
表语接在系动词后，对主语进行补充说明。
be 动词：
I am a student.
I am happy.
She looks sad.
同位语
同位语是一个词对另一个词的解释或补充说明，常紧挨在一起。同位语除表示其同位成分的全部意义外，还可以表示部分意义。
Mr. Jackson, our English teacher, is very nice.
I met my friend, Wendy, a beautiful girl, yesterday.
Tommy, comes from Thailand, is an actor.
练习一 划出句子中各个成分。
Ms. Green, a kind teacher, often talk about novels with her students.
The excited girls are chatting at the park happily.
My mother is a great doctor with technical skills.
She tried to give her family a good life when she was young.
A man is killed by his friend on a rainy night.
简单句的句子结构
主+谓
主谓结构句子的谓语动词一定是不及物动词，不及物动词无被动语态。
I am singing.
She can't swim.
We have finished.
主+谓+宾
Kids are flying kites.
We planted trees.
I am praised by my boss.
主+谓+直接宾语+间接宾语（主+谓+双宾）
A boy gave her a gift.
I will buy a house for myself.
The people selected him president.
主+谓+宾+宾补
Pets make people happier.
The workers painted the wall white.
The noise drives me crazy.
主+系+表
be动词
She was naughty.
They are idols.
We must be strong.
He had been a police.
感官动词
The picture looks amazing.
Many flowers smell good.
The silk feels smooth.
Music sounds great.
The shop seems closed.
The food tastes good.
Everything appears normal.
表示变化
Her face turned red.
The desert becomes an oasis.
Days are getting shorter.
The food goes bad.
表示延续
Hats keep our heads warm.
She remains immature.
We must stay calm.
练习二 判断句子结构
I can’t make myself understood.
We want to have the desk repaired.
He gave three yuan to me.
Mr. Smith teaches us Russian.
I ate a delicious piece of cake at home yesterday afternoon.
She has been making an extremely huge model for her brother at night these days.
The owner of the house hardly make the house tidy.
The astronauts, from different countries, are working hard on the space station
When we were young, we played at the park.