人教版（2019）必修第一册Unit 4 Natural Disasters 词汇单词讲解课件-(共113张PPT)

(共113张PPT)
Unit 4 Natural Disasters
Vocabulary
1. _________v. 死亡；消亡→ _________n. 死；死亡→________adj. 死的；枯萎的→ adj. 垂死的；临死的→ adj. 致命的
2. _________v. 影响；侵袭→_________n. 影响；结果；效果→__________adj. 有效的→_____________ adv. 有效地→ n. 喜爱；关爱
3._________v. (使)震惊 n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克→____________adj. 令人震惊的→ ____________adj. 感到震惊的
4. __________v. 呼吸→ __________n. 呼吸→ ____________adj. 气喘吁吁的→ adv. 气喘吁吁地
5. _________ adj. 明智的→________adv. 明智地→_________n. 智慧；才智
词性转换
die
death
died
dying
deadly
affect
effect
effective
effectively
affection
shock
shocking
shocked
breathe
breath
breathless
breathlessly
wise
wisely
wisdom
6. ________v. 统一；使成为一体→________adj. 统一的→ n. 联合；统一
7. __________v. 复活；(使)苏醒→ _____________n. 复苏；振兴
8. __________vi. 生存；存活 vt. 幸存→ _____________n. 幸存；残存物→ _____________n. 幸存者
9. __________v. 遭受；蒙受；因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→ ___________n. 苦难；痛苦→ __________n. 患病者; 受苦者
9. __________v. (火山)爆发；喷发→_____________n. 爆发；喷发
10. ________adj. 长的；长期的→_________ n. 长；长度→___________v.
(使)变长；加长
unify
unified
unification
revive
revival
survive
survival
survivor
suffer
suffering
sufferer
erupt
eruption
long
length
lengthen
11.____________n．能力；力量；电力供应；控制力→____________ adj.强大的；有力的→ adj. 无力的；无能力的→ v. 授权
vt. & vi. (使)平静; (使)镇定 adj. 镇定的；沉着的→ _________
adv. 镇定的；沉着的→ __________n. 平静; 镇定
13. n. 电；电能→ adj. 电动的；用电的
→ adj. 与(用)电有关的；电气科学的→ adj. 电子的
14. __________n. 努力；尽力→ adj. 不用费力的
15. n. 金属→ n. 模特；榜样→ n. 奖章；勋章→ n. 新闻媒体；媒体
power
powerful
powerless
empower
calm
calmly
calmness
electricity
electric
electrical
electronic
effort
effortless
metal
model
medal
media
vt. 递送；生；接生；发表→ n. [U]递送
→ n. 投递者
17. n. 突发事件；紧急情况→ adj. 出现的；紧急的 → n. 出现；浮现
vi. & vt. &n. 打；撞击；罢工→ (过去式)→ .
(过去分词) → adj. 迷人的→ n. 罢工者；前锋
n. 总结；概括→ v. 总结；概括
n. 供应；补给；[pl.] 补给品 vt. 供应；供给→ n. 供应商
deliver
delivery
deliverer
emergency
emergent
emerge
strike
struck
stricken
striking
striker
summary
summarize
supply
supplier
disaster
n. [C]&[U]灾难;不幸;彻底失败的人/事
a natural disaster 自然灾害
an air disater
【单词辨析】灾难
disaster 普通用词，指大破坏、痛苦或伤亡。misfortune 普通用词，多批较为严重的不幸，强调不幸多由外界因素所致。
catastrophe 语气最强，指可怕的灾难，强调最终的结局。
disaster-proof
抗灾防灾；防灾；抗灾
disaster-prone
易受灾；易受灾害；灾害频繁
slide
v. (slid, slid) ①vi&vt(使)滑行; (使)滑动
②vi&vt(使)悄悄移到; (使)悄悄移动
slide into ...偷偷地溜进...
e.g. The thief slid into the room.
小偷悄悄溜进房间。
n. ①滑(动);滑道;滑梯;衰落
landslide n[C] (山地或悬崖的崩塌;滑坡
(=landfall)
on the slide每况愈下
②幻灯片
flood
n. ①[C]&[U]洪水;水灾 ②[C]大批;大量
a flood of ...大量的...
e.g. More than 70 people were killed in the floods.
70多人因洪灾丧生。
v . ①vi&vt(被)淹没; (使) 泛滥
②vi (洪水般地)涌进(=pour)
flood in 涌入
e.g. Telephone calls flooded in from all over the country.
全国各地的电话像潮水般打来。
【同根词】
flooded adj洪水泛滥的
flooding n[U]水灾;洪水泛滥
erupt vi. ①（火山）爆发；（岩浆、烟等）喷出；②突然发生；爆发
erupted (过去式; 过去分词)
【派生词】
eruption n. 喷发；（战争、怒气等的）爆发
volcanic eruption 火山喷发
rescue n.&vt. 营救；救援 rescuer n. 救援者
(1) The soldiers rescued the man from the flood.
(2) A boy was trapped in the building and soon a rescue team came to his rescue.
总结归纳
1. ______worker 　　　　救援人员
2. one’s rescue 援救某人
3. rescue. . . _____. . . 把……从……解救出来
rescue
come/go to
from
运
用
1. He was about to give up when they came __ his rescue.
2. The sisters were treated as local heroes after ________
(rescue) a two-year-old boy from drowning.
3. Helicopters rescued nearly 20 people the roof of the burning building.
to
rescuing
from
damage n. & vt. 损失；损害
总结归纳
1. do/cause damage to 　　给……带来/造成毁坏
2. be badly damaged 遭受严重损害
(1) A number of ________ (damage) houses and roads in the earthquake have been repaired up to now.
(2) A number of typhoons have caused great damage _____ parts of Asia in recent years.
damaged
to
destroy
vt.①毁坏;摧毁;毁掉 ②消灭;杀死
【同根词】
destruction n[U]毁坏，毁灭
destructive adj.具有毁灭性的
第三人称单数：destroys
过去式：destroyed
现在分词：destroying
过去分词：destroyed
词义辨析：damage, destroy和ruin
◆ damage 的名词和动词都侧重“损”，表示可修复，常和badly、seriously等副词搭配；
◆ destroy 侧重“毁”，表示不可修复，不复存在，常和entirely、completely等副词搭配；
◆ ruin 侧重“毁坏”，使美好的事物失去用途或优良特性，尽管此物仍然存在。（毁坏美好的事物，不能恢复。）
头发经常烫、染，容易损伤（damage）头发，需要做护理修复。烫坏、烫焦，头发就毁（destroy）了 ，只能剪掉。做个美美的发型出门，遇到大雨，头发还在，但发型被毁（ruin）了。
选词填空：damage/destory/ruin
1. You have ________ my bike; you’d better get it repaired.
2. My car was ___________ in an accident, so I have to buy a new one.
3. To our disappointment, the bad weather _______ our trip.
4. The accident caused some _________ to my car, but it’s nothing serious.
damaged
destroyed
ruined
damage
evacuate
v.①vt (把人从危险的地方)疏散;撤离
②vt&vi (从危险的地方)撤出;撤空
When the forest fires broke out, we were told to evacuate.
当森林大火爆发时，我们被通知撤离。
death
n.①[U]&[C]死;死亡 ②[U]灭亡;毁灭
be bored / scared / frightened to death 无聊得/怕得要死
a matter of life or death 生死攸关的问题
【反义词】
birth n.出生
No deaths, no injuries.
没有人员伤亡。
Two children were burnt to death in the fire.
两个孩子被大火烧死。
【同根词】词根：dead
dead
adj. 无生命的；呆板的；废弃了的
n. 死者
dying
adj. 临终的，垂死的
deadly
adj. 致命的；非常的；死一般的
adv. 非常；如死一般地
deathlike
adj. 像死人的；死了一样的
die
vt. 死，死于…
affect 语义网络图
affect
影响
基本义
“影响”情感
疾病“影响”身体
使感动；打动
使感染（疾病）
影响
“影响”人或物
affect
vt.①影响（“影响”人或物）=influence
②使感动；打动（“影响”情感）
③使感染(疾病)（疾病“影响”身体）
n.情感；感情；渴望
be affected by ... 被....影响/感动
effective adj 有效的
effectively adv 有效地
effectiveness n [U] 有效性
【同根词】
affection n. [U]喜爱,钟爱;[常用复数]爱慕;爱情
【形近词】effect
n. 结果；作用；影响；效果(=influence)；效力；
v. 使发生；实现；实行；
affect v. 影响；侵袭
(1) Since last October, about 43 percent of the winter wheat in China has been affected by lack of rainfall.
(2) Individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower.
总结归纳
1. be affected ___　　 受……的影响
2. affect sb. /sth. 影响某人或某物
by
总结归纳
have an effect on... 对… …有影响
bring / put ... into effect 实施；实行
in effect 在实施中；有效; 实际上；事实上
take effect 生效 (=come into effect)；起作用
side effect 副作用
运
用
1. Don’t play around here! Your noise ____________ my job badly.
2. Playing computer games too much will have a bad ____________ on your study.
3. The firefighter’s lung ________________ because of breathing in the poisonous gas.
由于吸入了有毒气体，那位消防队员的肺部受到了侵袭。
4. What you say or do will others.
你所说或所做的每一件事都会对别人产生影响。
affects
effect
was affected
have an effect on/affect
shelter
n.①[U]遮盖物;躲避处;避难所
②[U]居所;住处
③[U]保护;掩蔽;庇护
under the shelter of 在...的掩蔽下
v.①vt.掩蔽;保护;为...提供避难所 ②vi.躲避;避难
shelter from...躲避...
Trees were planted to shelter this area from strong sand storm.s.
shelter 的语义网络
vt 掩蔽；保护；为…提供避难所
vi 躲避；避难
保护；掩蔽；庇护
居所；住处
遮盖物；躲避处；避难所
抽象的提供保护的地方
为人们提供长期遮风避雨的地方
为人们提供暂时的遮风避雨或避难的地方
提供保护的建筑物(基本义)
名词
动词
现代英语中很多名词可转化为动词，常表示具有该名词的活动特点或性质特征的动作。其中有一类是表示地点或场所的名词转化为动词。
读下面的句子，体会画线词的含义：
As soon as I had parked the car, I rushed into the bank.
Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations. 2021 新高考
A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who had been trapped in the mountains for two days. 2018 北京
I was wrapped（包裹）heavily and well sheltered from the freezing and blowing weather. 2014 四川
I had roomed with him in New Haven when we were both at Yale Law School.
名词动化
停（车）
给……房子住 / 提供住处
使陷入困境
受到庇护
合住
本单元金句汇总
1. When we visited my old family home, memory came flooding back.
2. Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.
3. Don’t damage your health for a good figure.
4. Don’t let a small disagreement ruin your friendship.
5. In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins.
6. She was deeply affected by the story.
7. Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world.
8. We should find a shelter from the wind.
9. Trees were planted to shelter this area from strong sand storms.
随堂检测
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. They talk to the flood of international tourists and to visiting Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas. (2023 全国改) ___________
2. Food supplies in the flood-stricken area are running out. We must act immediately before there’s none left. ___________
3. The rain caused the streets to flood and the subway system almost came to a stop. ___________
4. Donations began flooding in from hundreds of people. (2017 天津) ___________
flood
大量的 / 大批的
洪水泛滥的地区
被淹没
大量涌入
rescue
汉译英。
1. 救援人员 ______________________
2. 营救某人 (n) ______________________
3. 营救行动 ______________________
4. 从……中救出某人 (v) ______________________
rescue workers
come to sb’s rescue
rescue effort / operation / attempt
rescue sb from
1. The bus was badly ______________ when it hit the wall.
2. The building was completely ______________ by fire.
3. It poured with rain and my dress got ______________.
4. Who hasn’t received an email so annoying that it ___________ an entire day (2020 全国)
5. Ninety percent of their island was _____________ and they had nothing.
6. The homeless shelter was entirely _____________ in the huge earthquake.
一、从方框中选择合适的单词填空。
ruin damage destroy
damaged
destroyed
ruined
ruined
destroyed
destroyed
damage, destroy, ruin
1. The bad weather __________________ (毁了我们的旅行).
2. Too much packaging is ______________________________ (对……造成严重损坏) the environment.
3. A number of paintings in this castle are believed to
___________________ (被毁掉) in a fire in 2009.
二、根据所给汉语提示完成下列句子。
doing / causing serious damage to
have been destroyed
ruined our trip
一、根据句意选出 affect 的最佳释义。
__________ 1. Welch examined a sick boy, Billy, and knew he had diphtheria, a deadly disease mainly affecting children. (2016 北京改)
__________ 2. The Silence Machine is a device specially designed to stop unwanted sound from affecting you. (2020 天津)
__________ 3. I was deeply affected by the film.
影响
[常用于被动语态]使感动；打动
使感染（疾病）



affect, effect
二、根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。
1. Humor raises your energy, and that can ______________ (对……产生影响) everything you do at school, at work, or in your personal life. (2020 江苏)
2. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport — an unwelcome __________________ (副作用) researchers have already found in ride-hailing (叫车) services. (2018 北京)
3. According to the recent research, heavy coffee drinking and heart attack is not necessarily __________________ (因果关系).
4. Few laws are so effective that you can see results just days after they __________________ (生效).
have an effect on
side effect
cause and effect
take effect
三、选出适当的单词，并用其适当形式填空。
(affect, effect)
1. I tried to persuade (说服) him, but with little or no ____________.
2. When I was 50, my weight problem began to ____________ me seriously. (2017 天津改)
effect
affect
一、英译汉。
1. to take shelter from the storm ______________________
2. food and shelter ______________________
3. a homeless shelter ______________________
二、汉译英。
1. 备受呵护的生活 ______________________
2. 动物收容所 ______________________
3. 在……的庇护下 ______________________
4. 躲避…… (n) ______________________
躲避暴风雨
under the shelter of
take shelter from
a well / very sheltered life
食物和住处
无家可归者的收容所
an animal shelter
shelter
三、根据提示完成下列句子。
1. He is trying to __________________________ (庇护他弟弟不受责备). (v)
2. I was dressed heavily and _________________________ (在寒风凛冽的天气里受到了很好的庇护). (freezing and blowing) (2014 四川阅读改)
3. He ____________________________ (避雨) under a bridge.
shelter his brother from blame
well sheltered from the freezing and blowing weather
found / took shelter from the rain 或 sheltered from the rain
crack
v.(使)发出爆裂声; (使)破裂; (使)裂开
crack a smile 勉强一笑
n.[C]裂缝;裂痕;爆裂声
as if=as though
【注意】
as if/ though常用于引导表语从句或状语从句，如果是不真实的情况，从句中常用过去时表示虚拟语气。
even if / though
即使 ; 尽管 ; 虽然 ; 纵然
似乎；好像
ruin n. [U] 毁灭；毁坏；使破产;[常用复数]废墟
vt. (使)毁坏；成为废墟
ruined adj[只用于名词前]毁坏了的;严重受损的
In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.
总结归纳
1. 成为废墟
2. 衰落，败落
3. 使…毁灭；使…没落；使…破产
4. 毁掉自己；自取灭亡
5. 毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途
lie/be in ruins　　
go to ruin/fall into ruin
bring…to ruin
ruin oneself
ruin one's health/fame/future
运
用
地震之后整个城市成了一片废墟，这让我们彻夜未眠。
1. The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake and it made us awake all night.
2. The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake, __________________________. (定语从句)
3. The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake，__________________________. (非谓语动词作状语)
which made us awake all night
making us awake all night
percent
n.[亦作per cent,单复数相同]百分之...
adj.&adv.百分之…的
【注意】
“percent of+名词/代词”作主语，名词/代词为复数时，谓语动词用复数;名词为不可数名词或代词为单数时，谓语动词用单数。
shock
n.①[C]&[U] (爆炸、地震等引起的)剧烈震动;冲击
culture shock文化冲击
②[C]（电流对人的）电击;触电
electric shock触电
③[U]&[C] [常用单数] (精神上的)震惊;打击;令人震惊的事
in shock 震惊;吃惊
to one’s shock 令某人震惊的是
④[U]（医学领域浩如烟海）休克
vt.使震惊;使气愤
【同根词】
shocked adj（人感到）震惊的;愤慨的
shocking adj令人震惊的;令人憎恶的
shock n.震惊[U]，令人震惊的事；休克
He was shocked at the shocking news.
(2) We were shocked at her grade.
(3) She is still in shock after the accident.
总结归纳
1. be shocked at/by… 对…感到震惊
2. in shock 震惊，吃惊, 休克
3. be a shock to sb. 对某人是个打击
运
用
用shock的适当形式填空
1. It was a ________story, and we all got _______.
2. They _____ _______ __how the children had been treated.
孩子们受到的对待令他们深感震惊。
3. The news of Stephen Hawking’s death shocked the whole world greatly. 同义替换(每空一词)
→The news of Stephen Hawking’s death came n
the whole world.
shocking
shocked
were
shocked
at
as
a
shock
to
great
electricity
n.[U]电;电学;电流
【同根词】词根：electric
electric
adj. 电的；电动的；发电的；导电的；令人震惊的
n. 电；电气车辆；带电体
electrical
adj. 有关电的；电气科学的
electrically
adv. 电力地；有关电地
trap vt. ( trapped)使落入；使陷入圈套
They trapped her into marrying their son.
She was trapped in the burning house.
Once you fall into a trap, it will not be easy to get out of it.
总结归纳
1. set / lay / place a trap 设一个圈套
2. trap sb into (doing).... 骗某人（做）....
3. fall into / get out of a trap 落入 / 摆脱圈套
4. be trapped in 被困住，陷入......
运
用
1. __________ (trap) in the heavy traffic, we had to wait and might be late for the meeting.
2. He dug a hole on the ground _______ (trap) a rabbit.
3. A trap ____ (set) last night causes trouble to ourselves now.
4. They trapped her into______(sell) her house at a low
price.
Trapped
to trap
set
selling
bury vt.①埋葬;掩藏;遮盖
②专心于（某事）：陷入，沉浸于
Though ______ ( bury ) in books these days, I have still joined several student clubs in order to improve myself.
The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and _______(bury) the dead.
He sank into a chair, (bury) his face in his hands.
总结归纳
1. be buried in = bury oneself in 埋头于；专心于
2. bury one’s face in one’s hands 双手掩面
buried
to bury
burying
[能力提升]——一句多译
由于他埋头于读书，所以不知道外面下雨了。(bury)
4. Because he ________________ his books, he didn't know it was raining outside.
5. Because he _______________ his books, he didn't know it was raining outside.
6. ___________________ his books，he didn't know it was raining outside. (现在分词短语作状语)
7. ___________________, he didn’t know it was raining outside.
(过去分词短语作状语)
buried himself in
was buried in
Burying himself in
Buried in his books
【知识延伸】
表示“专心于”且与“be buried in”类似的表达还有:
pay attention to... / draw one’s attention to... / apply oneself to
be devoted to... / be addicted to...
be buried/occupied/absorbed/lost/involved/engaged in sth.
concentrate/fix/focus/keep one’s attention on sth.
put one's heart into sth.
breathe
v.呼吸
breathe in 吸气;吸入
breathe out 呼气;呼出
breathe (new) life into... 给...带来起色；注入活力
【同根词】
breathing n.[U]呼吸
breath n. 气体，气息；一次吸入的空气
breathe vi./vt. 呼吸
总结归纳
breath n. 呼吸 ；气息；一口气
take a deep breath 深吸一口气
hold one's breath 屏住呼吸
out of breath 上气不接下气
catch one's breath 恢复呼吸
运
用
1. The boy (breathe) to wait his test score.
2. The weak girl _______________(气喘吁吁) only after
five minutes’ walk.
3. It’s good _____________(吸入) fresh country air
instead of city smoke.
held his breathe
was out of breath
to breathe (in)
revive
v.复活; (使)苏醒
【同根词】
revival n[U]&[C]振兴;复苏
revive culture 振兴文化；复活文化
effort n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力effortless adj不需费力的
effortlessly adv.轻松地；毫不费劲地
(1) A good environment depends on the ______(effort)
made by everyone.
(2) No one can achieve anything _______effort.
总结归纳
1. make an effort/efforts/every effort to do sth.
尽一切努力做某事
2. spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力地做某事
3. with (an) effort 努力地
4. without effort 毫不费力地
efforts
without
unify
v. vt. &vi. 统一; (使)成一体
【同根词】
union n.联邦，联盟；协会
unified adj. 统一的；一致标准的
united adj.团结的；一致的；联合的
第三人称单数： unifies
现在分词： unifying
过去式： unified
过去分词： unified
wisdom
n.[U]智慧;明智
【同根词】
wise adj.明智的，有智慧的
wisely adv.明智地，聪明地
accepted wisdom
公认智慧；广泛接受；普遍认为
wisdom tooth 智齿；智牙
in someone's wisdom 凭某人的精明；自作聪明
suffer
v.①vi&vt患(病); (因疾病)受苦
suffer from...遭受...（疾病）
②遭受(困难等)
③（事情）变差;变糟
【同根词】
suffering n.
①[U](身体或精神上)疼痛;痛苦
②[常用复数]苦难;折磨
suffer for
为...受苦；因...受苦；因...受罪
suffer damage
遭受损失；蒙受损失
suffer loss
蒙受损失；遭受损失
suffer vt.& vi. 遭受；忍受；经历
1. (2017·全国卷Ⅰ) With no rain for over a year, the city is suffering unusually hot weather.
2. The old man is said to have gone through varieties of
(suffer) during the war.
3. To our delight, the (suffer) has decided to give up smoking.
from
sufferings
sufferer
1. .
遭受痛苦/失败/艰难/破坏
_______________ 遭受；患病
2. ____________ n. 痛苦；苦恼；让人痛苦的事
____________ n. 患难者；患病者
用法考点归纳总结：
suffer pain/defeat/hardship/damage
suffer from
suffering
sufferer
(1) suffer 用作及物动词，表示“遭受；蒙受”，其后常接pain，loss，defeat，poverty，hunger，punishment，hardship，damage等名词作宾语；
(2) suffer 用作不及物动词时，后常接from，表示“受……之苦；患某种疾病”。
volcano
n.[C] (pl volcanoes /volcanos)火山
被抑制的强烈情感；随时可能爆发的状态
【同根词】volcanic adj. 火山的;由火山作用引起的
erupt
vi .(火山、喷泉等)喷发; (战争、感情等)爆发;突然发生
【同根词】
eruption n[C]&[U]喷发;爆发
a volcanic eruption火山喷发
supply
vt.供给;供应;提供
supply sth to sb / supply sb with sth提供某物给某人
n.①[U]供应;供给
supply and demand供应与需求
in short supply供应不足
②[C]供应量;补给量
③[复数]生活必需品;补给品
【辨析】
supply sb. with sth.或supply sth. to sb
provide sth. for sb.或provide sb. with sth.
offer sb. sth.或offer sth to sb.
【同根词】词根：supply
supplement
n.增补物；补充物
运
用
句型转换
We should provide some help for them.
= We should some help them.
= We should them some help.
=We should them some help.
supply/offer
to
supply/provide
with
offer
survive
v.①vt.比...活得长
survive sb by...比某人多活...（多长时间）
②（在灾难中）幸存(于)survive sth.
③（在困境中）挺过;熬过
survive on... 靠...活下来；靠...生存
④（物品或者风俗）保存下来
survive from 流传下来
【注意】
不能说 He survived from / after / in the earthquake.
正确说法： He survived the earthquake.
【同根词】
survivor n.[C]幸存者 survival n.幸存；存活
翻译下列句子：
(1) She survived her husband by ten years.
(2) Her parents died in the accident, but she survived.
(3) He had spent years surviving on little money, spending all her time writing.
(4) Some old customs have survived into the present.
power
n.①[U]能力; [可用复数](生理)机能
②[U]力量;威力
③[U]控制力;影响力
④[U]统治;政权 come into power掌权
⑤[U]权力;职权 have the power to do sth有权力做某事
⑥[C]大国;强国
⑦[U]（物理上的）动力;电力;功率
wind power风 能 a power station发电站 a power failure停电
vt.驱动;推动 （名词动词化）
【同根词】powerful adj. 强有力的；强大的
_____________________ 掌权；上台
_____________________ 在某人的掌控中
_____________________ 某人力所不能及的
.
尽力而为/竭尽全力做某事
用法考点归纳总结：
=
1. .
2. .
3. .
come to/into power
in one's power
beyond one's power
do all/everything in one's power to do sth
do/try one's best to do sth
make every effort to do sth.
spare no effort to do sth
1. I‘ll try my best to perform well in the volunteer job. (2019·高考全国卷 Ⅰ) [句式升级]
→I'll to perform well in the volunteer job.
2. As we all know, never before has our country been so
(power) as it is today.
do all/everything in my power
powerful
tap
n[C].①塞子;龙头 ②轻打;轻拍
v.①vt. &vi. 轻拍;轻打（名词动词化）
②vt. &vi. 开发;发掘; vt. 委任
tap into 使发挥最大功效
第三人称单数：taps
过去式：tapped
过去分词：tapped
whistle
vi.吹口哨;鸣笛 n.[C]哨子;口哨
【形近词】whisper
v.低语；耳语；私语；密谈；谣传；发沙沙声；发飒飒声；发潺潺声；造谣
n.低语；耳语；私语；密谈；谣言；飒飒声；暗示；沙沙声；潺潺声；流言飞语
emergency
n.[C]&[U]紧急情况;突发事件;非常时刻；急症病人；替补队员
an emergency exit 紧急出口
state of emergency 紧急状态
emergency room 急诊室
【同根词】emergent adj.紧急的
【单词辨析】危急
emergency 多指突然发生的出乎意料的紧急情况或事故。
crisis 含义广泛，可指国家存亡、历史、经济或人的生命、疾病等面临危急关头。也可指好的或恶化的转折点。
calm
adj.①(天气、海洋等)平静的
②(人)镇静的;沉着的
stay/keep/remain calm 保持冷静
v.(使)平静;平静下来
calm down (使)平静下来; (使) 镇静下来
calm sb down使某人镇静下来
n.平静;镇静
【同根词】calmly adv.平静地;镇静地
【单词辨析】
quiet 不吵;（人）文静。
calm 不慌;（天气）无风的;（海洋）风平浪静
still 不动
silent 不语
第三人称单数：calms
过去式：calmed
现在分词：calming
过去分词：calmed
比较级：calmer
最高级：calmest
运
用
1. Please _____________(冷静下来) and let me know what has happened.
2. The doctor has given her some pills (使她镇静下来).
3. I tried to________________(保持冷静). I knew that worrying wouldn't help me.
calm down
to calm her down
keep calm
aid
n.①[U]援助;救助;帮助
do / give / offer /perform/carry out first aid进行急救
with the aid of...在...帮助下，借助于
②[C]辅助者;有助之物
come to sb's aid=come to the aid of sb来帮助某人
in aid of...为了帮助...
v.[正式用语]帮助（比help正式）
aid sb in doing sth/aid sb to do sth帮助某人做某事
aid sb with sth在某方面帮助某人
运
用
1. _____the aid of modern medicine, the dog was
revived after half an hour’s death.
2. We aided him in ________(finish) the work ahead of time.
3. We aided him (finish) the work ahead of time.
4. The rescue team consisting of 15 countries has come
to _____(they) aid.
With
finishing
to finish
their
【单词辨析】帮助
help 最普通用词，含义广泛。指一般性的或迫切需要的帮助，侧重积极地为他人提供物质、精神或其他方面的帮助。
assist 强调在提供帮助时，以受助者为主，所给的帮助起第二位或从属的作用。表示协助某人做某事，尤指在体力上或具体事务上帮助和扶持。
aid 正式用词，指帮助他人脱离危险或战胜困难，着重强者对急需帮助的弱者的帮助。
kit
n.[C]&[U]成套工具;成套设备：
a first-aid kit一套急救用品
tool kit 工具包；软件包
survival kit 救生包；求助手册
【形近词】kite
n. 风筝；非法（或秘密）的信件
v. 放风筝；开空头支票
on hand 在手头;现有;在场;到场
【拓展】
at hand 在手边；可能很快发生的
by hand 用手工
shake hands with sb=shake sb’s hand
与某人握手
hand in hand 手拉手；密切关联
hand in 交上；提交
hand out 分发
hand over 交出；移交
hand on 交付，传递
The holiday is close ________. We had better prepare for it from now on.
Good customs should _______________ from one generation to another.
The volunteers were ____________ food to the poor on the street.
Traditional clothes, always made ________, is popular with people.
运
用
at hand
be handed down
handing out
by hand
crash
v.①vi.&vt.(使)发出撞击声; (使)发出爆裂声
②vi.&vt.(使飞机)坠毁; (使汽车等)猛撞
③vi.(公司等)倒闭; (股票)暴跌; (计算机等)死机;崩溃（“撞碎”公司股票等）
n[C].①[常用单数]哗啦声;撞击声;爆裂声
②碰撞(事件); (飞机)坠毁
plane crash飞机失事
③暴跌; (计算机等的) 崩溃
sweep
v.(swept, swept)
①扫;打扫;扫除
Tomb Sweeping Day 清明节
sweep up 打扫;清扫
sweep out 打扫干净，清扫干净
②横扫;掠过; (暴风雨等)袭击;席卷
sweep away 消灭;彻底消除
sweep through... 席卷...；轻易通过...
第三人称单数： sweeps
现在分词： sweeping
过去式： swept
过去分词： swept
wave
v. ①vi .（物体）摇摆
②vt. （人）挥舞;挥动
③vt.&vi.挥手(表示.); (向...)挥手示意(人“摇摆”手)
wave at/to... 向...挥手
wave sb goodbye / wave goodbye to sb向某人挥手道别
n[U].①波(浪) ②挥手;招手
③(活动或感情的)风潮;浪潮
a wave of...一波/一阵...
④(声、光、电等的)波
复数： waves
第三人称单数： waves
现在分词： waving
过去式： waved
过去分词： waved
strike
v.(struck, struck/stricken)
①[正式用语]打;撞击
②(时钟等)敲响;报(时)
③(不幸等)突然降临;突然袭击
④(使)突然想到/意识到 it strikes sb. + that 主从 某人忽然想起...
⑤给...以某种印象
⑥罢工
n. [C]&[U]罢工 be/go on strike 开始罢工、罢课
【同根词】
stricken adj.[正式用语]受灾的;患病的;受苦的
striker n.[C] 罢工者; (足球的)前锋; (棒球的)击球手
striking adj.惊人的;显著的;引人注目的
【单词辨析】击打
beat 连续地打，心脏跳动、打拍子，雨水冲击
hit 打中，灾难侵袭
strike 用力地击打，灾难侵袭，敲钟、报时
复数： strikes
第三人称单数： strikes
现在分词： striking
过去式： struck / stricken
过去分词： struck / stricken
strike
1. The boy fell, striking his head on the edge of the table.
2. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods.
3. It struck me that we might have made the wrong decision.
4. We were struck by her kindness.
5. What struck me most was the enthusiasm of the local people.
6. The church clock began to strike twelve.
打; 撞击
(疾病,自然灾害等)突然降临; 突然袭击
突然想起/想到
打动
给......以印象
(时钟等)敲响; 报(时)
6. The girl struck a match to light a candle.
7. He listed some striking numbers of the injured, which took our breath away.
惊人的
点燃
strike
总结归纳
1. It strikes sb. that … 某人突然想到……
= It hits sb. that... / It occurs to sb. that...
2. go on strike 举行罢工
3. be on strike 在罢工
deliver
v.①vt&vi递送;传送
②vt发表;表达;讲
deliver a speech / lecture发表演讲/授课
③vt.接生;使分娩
【同根词】
delivery n[U]& [C]
①递送(的物品)
a delivery man送货员
②分娩;生产
第三人称单数： delivers
现在分词： delivering
过去式： delivered
过去分词： delivered
运
用
1. I usually have fast food ___________ (deliver) to my office.
2. The man ___________ (deliver) a speech was our headmaster.
3. Every year, there are around 3000000 babies __________ (deliver) all over the world.
4. (翻译) Every morning, the delivery man appears in front of our house.
delivered
delivering
delivered
送货员
summary
adj.概括的;扼要的
n.[C]总结;摘要;概要
in summary总的来说
make a summary作总结
【同根词】
summarise / summarize vi.&vt.总结;概括;概述 (=sum up)
to summarize 总而言之
表示总结的连接词：in a word, on the whole, in short, briefly, in brief, to sum up, in all等。
effect
n.[C]&[U]结果;效应;作用;影响
greenhouse effect / side effect 温室效应/副作用
bring / put sth into effect 实施...;实行...
come into effect/ take effect 开始实施/生效
in effect ①在实施中;有效②实际上;事实上
take effect 生效(=come into effect);起作用
【同根词】
effective adj.有效的；生效的
efficient adj.效率高的；有能力的；能胜任的
affect v. 影响
effect
length
n.[U]&[C] ①（物体的）长;长度
3 meters in length长3米
②(时间的)长度
at length
①最后;终于②长时间地;详尽地
【同根词】
lengthen vt.&vi. (使)延长; (使)变长【反shorten】
long adj. 长的；长久的，长期的；漫长的；长篇的
（adj） （n） （v）
长 long length lengthen
宽 wide width widen
高 high height heighten
深 deep depth deepen
温暖 warm warmth warm
with复合结构在续写中的运用
在读后续写中，“with复合结构” 多用作原因状语或伴随状语，使得叙述的情节更具体；同时，在细节描写上使用该结构能形象、生动地营造画面，使得表达更深刻。
句型一：主谓…… with+sb/sth+doing;
With+ sb/sth+doing, 主谓……
Sentence writing
眼泪顺着他的脸颊流下，他回答说：“我尝试过了。我真的试过了。”
he replied, “ I did try. I really tried.”
Joe的手被割伤，她突然大哭，腿抖着。
Joe burst into tears and her legs trembled.
句型二：主谓……with+sb/sth+done；
With+sb/sth+done, 主谓……
他的妻子躺在床上，脸色苍白。
His wife lay in bed .
句型三：主谓……with+sb/sth+adj.
一到家门前，他惊讶地发一只小狗正好奇地看着他，它脸上带着震惊的表情。
Upon arriving at the door of his home, he was surprised to discover that a little dog was watching him curiously .
句型四:主谓……with+sb/sth+介词短语
With tears streaming down his cheek,
With her fingers cut,
with her face pale
with the expression of shock on its face
考点归纳
(1) as if从句用陈述语气：从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的
(2) as if从句用虚拟语气：
① 从句用一般过去时 (与现在的事实相反)
② 从句用过去完成时 (与过去的事实相反)
③ 从句用would/could/might do形式 (与将来的事实相反)
22. as if
[能力提升]——句式升级
(普通表达)The teacher walked here and there on the playground as if he was looking for something．
④(高级表达)The teacher walked here and there on the playground as if ______________________．(省略)
单句语法填空
① When a pencil is partly put into water, it looks as if it
(break).
② When he saw his mother at the street corner, the boy cried sadly as if he _______________(scold) by someone else.
were break
had been scolded
looking for something
看图识词
1.disaster
n.灾难；灾害
natural disasters
自然灾害
an air disaster
空难
2. tornado
n.(pl. -oes or -os) 龙卷风；旋风
3. drought
n.旱灾；久旱
4. landslide ( =landfall)
n. ( 山地或悬崖的）崩塌；滑坡
5. tsunami
n. 海啸
6. flood / fl d /
n. 洪水
7. volcano
n. 火山
volcanic eruption
火山喷发
8. typhoon
n.台风
9. hurricane n . ( 尤指大西洋的）飓风
10. helicopter n. 直升机
11. shelter
n.避难处
an animal shelter
动物收容处
12. crack
n.裂纹 ；裂缝
13. brick n. 砖 ；砖块
14. metal
n. 金属
15. pipe
n.管子；管道
water pipes
水管
16. kit
n. 成套工具；成套设备
medical kit
药箱
first aid kit
急救箱