Unit 4 Don’t eat in class.知识点总结归纳学案【人教版七年级下册英语】

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 4 Don’t eat in class.
Section A
1a
(1) rule 的用法
rule 可数名词，“规则；规章”
school rule 校规 class rule 班规
follow the rules 遵守规则 break the rule 违反规则
1. Don't eat in class. 在课堂上不准吃东西。
2. Don't arrive late for class, you must be on time. 不准上课迟到，务必守时。
辨析 on time / in time
on time 表示“准时”， in time 表示“及时”。
She didn’t catch the bus in time, so she couldn’t arrive there on time.
她没有及时赶上公交车，因此她不能准时到那里。
3. Don’t run in the hallways. 不准在走廊内乱跑。
4. Don’t eat in the classroom. You must in the dining hall.
不准在教室里吃东西，务必在餐厅里吃东西。
5. Don’t listen to music in class. 不准在课堂上听音乐。
6. Don’t fight.不要打架。
fight作动词，意为“打架、打仗”。
fight for“为…而斗争”，
They are fighting for freedom.他们正为自由而战。
fight against“为反对…而战斗”，
They fought against the enemy.他们和敌人作战。
fight with“和…打架”，“同…（并肩）战斗”，
Don’t fight with him.不要和他打架。
“Don’t +动词原形”祈使句
“Don’t +动词原形”，是祈使句的否定形式，表示“不要…；禁止…”，
相当于“You mustn’t +动词原形。”
Don’t take photos here.= You mustn’t take photos here.
2a
辨析 wear / put on / dress /in 表示“穿衣”的区别
① wear 表示“穿着…”，表示状态。宾语可以是衣服、鞋帽、眼镜等。
He is wearing a hat. 他正戴着一顶帽子。
② put on 表示“穿；戴”的动作。
Please put on your coat. 请穿上你的大衣。
③ dress + 人“给…穿衣”
She dresses her little daughter every day. 她每天给她的小女儿穿衣。
④ in +颜色“穿着什么颜色的衣服”
She is in red today. 她今天穿着红色的衣服。
2d
(1) but there are a lot of rules.但是这里有很多规矩。
a lot of = lots of 许多
a lot of/ lots of +可数名词复数或不可数名词
(2) Don't be late for class. This is very important. 不准迟到，这非常重要。
① be late for=arrive late for 做某事迟到。
Don't arrive late for class.= Don't be late for class.
② important 形容词“重要的” importance 名词“重要性”
It’s important for sb . to do sth. “对某人来说做某事是很重要的”
It’s important for us to learn English well.
(3) Can we bring music players to school 我们可以带音乐播放器起学校吗
bring 指“带来；取来”
bring sb. sth. =bring sth. for sb. 给某人带来某物
Please bring the book for me. = Please bring me the book.
请把那本书带给我。
辨析：bring 和take
① bring 指从别处带到说话者所在的地方。
② take 意为“拿走；带走”，指从说话者所在的地方带到远处去。
bring sth. to sp./sb. 把某物带来给某人/带来到某地
take sth. to sb./sp. 把某物带去给某人/带去到某地
Please take the book to him. 请把这本书带给他。
Please bring the book for me. 请把那本书带给我
(4) Oh, and we also have to be quite in the library.
哦，在图书馆也必须要保持安静
be+ 形容词 表示某种状态
介词短语
Grammar Focus.
祈使句
定义：祈使句一般用来表示请求、命令、劝说、号召、警告等。祈使句通常省略主语you, 其肯定形式以动词原形开头，其否定形式在动词原形前加don’t, 句尾用句号或感叹号。为表示礼貌，可以在句首或句尾加上please，加在句末时用逗号与前句隔开。
形式：
Do型
肯定句：动词原形 (+宾语) +其他!
否定句：Don’t + 动词原形 (+宾语) +其他!
Go and wash your hands! Look at the blackboard. Open the door.
Don’t throw the rubbish everywhere. 别到处乱扔垃圾！
Don’t watch TV. Don't talk loudly.
b. Be型
肯定句：Be+表语+其他!
否定句：Don’t+ Be+表语+其他!
Be kind to your sister, please！ Be quiet. please!
Don’t be so careless! 别再这么粗心了！ Don’t be late.
c. Let型
肯定句：Let+宾语+动词原形+其他!
否定句：Don’t +let+宾语+动词原形+其他! / Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他!
Let him go! Let me help you. Let's play football.
Don’t let him go! = Let him not go!
d. No+n./v.-ing型
No smoking! 禁止吸烟！No talking!
No food! 谢绝食物！ No photos! 禁止拍照！
e. Never代替don’t来加强语气
Never give up! 永不放弃！
情态动词have to和must
共同点：二者都表示“必须”，其后都接动词原形一起构成谓语。
不同点：
must表示因主观需要或责任感的驱使而有必要或有义务去做某事，意为“必须”。没有人称和数的变化，没有时态的变化。其否定形式mustn’t表示“禁止；不准”。
We must be on time. 我们必须准时。
We must do something to protect the environment. 我们必须保护环境。
We mustn’t smoke in the public. 我们不被允许在公众场合吸烟。
※以must开头的一般疑问句的肯定回答用must, 而否定回答用needn’t/don’t have to，意为“不必”。
e.g. -Must I finish my homework tonight
-Yes, you must.
-No, you needn’t./ No, you don’t have to.
b. have to强调因客观因素影响而不得不做某事，可以通过上下文的暗示来看出客观的因素，意为“不得不”。有人称和数的变化，第三人称形式为has to, 否定句会提助动词don’t/doesn’t到have to之前,即don’t/doesn’t have to。有时态的变化。
We have to be quiet in class.
It’s raining outside, you have to take an umbrella with you.
She has to help her mother make dinner.
Do they have to go home now
Does she have to go home It’s ten o’clock.
We don't have to come to school every day.
Section B
1b
（1）practice the guitar. 练习弹吉他。
. practice ①动词，“练习”，
I often practice my English in the morning. 我经常在早上练习英语。
practice doing sth. 练习做某事
He practices playing the piano every day.
②不可数名词，“练习”。Practice makes perfect. 孰能生巧。
（2）help his mom make breakfast 帮他妈妈做早饭
help sb. (to) do sth. 意为“帮助某人做某事”
He often helps me (to) clean the classroom. 他经常帮助我打扫教室。
help sb. with sth. 意为“帮助某人做某事”
Gina often helps me with my English.
2b
(1) There are too many rulers! 这里有太多的规矩！
too many ,too much与much too
易混词组 意义及用法 例句
too many 形容词，“太，太多”，接可数名词 There are too many people in the park.
too much 形容词，“太多”，接不可数名词 I have too much homework today.
much too 副词，“太，非常”，接形容词或副词 My mother is much too busy.
I have ________skirts and this one is ________large for me, so you can take it if you like.
A. too many; too much B. too much; much too C. too many; much too
(2) Don't leave the dirty dishes in the kitchen 不要把脏餐具留在厨房
leave 1. 离开 leave home
2. 放下，丢下，留下 leave+宾语+宾语补足语
Leave your book on the desk.
3. 把某物遗忘在某地。leave sth+地点
Don't leave your book at home.
(3) After dinner, I can't relax either. 晚餐后，我也不能放松。
either, too与also
易混词 意义及用法 例句
either “也”，用于否定句中，置于句末时用“，”隔开 I won’t go there, either.
too “也”，用于肯定句句末，用“，”隔开 I like dancing, too.
also “也”，用于肯定句句中 I also like English.
（4）Parents and schools are sometimes strict, but remember, they make rules to help us.父母和学校有时是严格的，但记住，他们制定规章制度是为了我们。
strict 的用法
① strict adj. “严格的；严厉的”。 She is a strict teacher. 她是一位严厉的老师。
② be strict with sb. “对某人要求严格”。
She is strict with his students. 她对她的学生要求严格。
Mr. White is very strict with us. 怀特先生对我们要求很严格。
We should be strict with ourselves. 我们应该对自己要求严格。
③ be strict in sth. “对某事要求严格”。
She is strict in his work. 她对他的工作要求严格。
Our boss is strict in our work. 我们的老板对我们的工作要求严格
remember 的用法
① remember v. “记住；记起”
I can’t remember his phone number. 我记不起他的电话号码。
② remember to do sth. “记得要去做某事”，说明事情还没有做。
Please remember to close the door. 请记得好关门。
Remember to post the letter for me.记得给我寄这封信。
Please remember to water the flowers. 请记得给花浇水。
③ remember doing sth. “记得做过某事“，说明事情已经做过。
I remember seeing this movie. 我记得看过这部电影。
I remember seeing him once.我记得见过他一次。
forget“忘记，忘了”，作remember反义词时，用法和remember相同
3a.
(1) I have to keep my hair short.
“keep +sb./sth.+形容词”表示“使某人或者某物保持某种状态”。此句式中的keep是动词，意为“保留，保存，保持”。
How long may I keep these books 我可以保存这些书多久？
Too much work keeps me busy and tired. 太多的工作让我忙碌而且疲惫。
We must keep the class clean. 我们必须保持教室干净。
keep doing sth/ keep on doing sth 继续/一直做某事。
Gina keeps doing her homework.
(2) I have to learn to play the piano. 我必须要学习弹钢琴。
learn 的用法
① learn v. “学习”learn English 学习英语
② learn to do sth. “学习做某事”learn to play piano 学习弹钢琴
③ learn from … “向….学习”
We should learn from each other. 我们应该互相学习。
④ learn about… “学习关于…”
we should learn about some rules. 我们应该学习一些规则。
(3) I never have fun.我过得从来都不快乐。
(never译为“从来没有”，表示否定，否定句中表示“任何，一些”，用any)
have fun是固定搭配，意为“玩的开心，过得愉快”，其后可接动词ing形式。常用结构have fun（in）doing sth,做某事很开心
have fun with sb/sth和某人玩的很开心
Have fun in playing with your friends.和你的朋友玩的开心！
He had fun with his friend.他和他的朋友玩的很开心。
作文
Dear Lucy,
How is it going There are too many rules in my home. I have to get up at 6:30 every morning because I have to go to school at 7:20. I eat at home because my mom always says, “Don’t eat outside!” I can’t watch TV on school nights. After school, I have to get home before 6:00. I have to do my homework in the evening. Then on weekends, I must go to learn the guitar. The rules are terrible but my parents want to make rules to help me. I must follow them.
Yours,
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)