广东省部分区2023-2024学年高一上学期期末英语汇编：阅读理解（含解析）

广东省部分区2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题汇编：
阅读理解
广东省汕头市澄海区2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
San Francisco Winery Tour
Running: February 1st through April 30th
This delicious tour goes through the city on its way to Treasure Island where we will stop at the famous Winery SF. Here you can enjoy 4 pours of some of the best wine San Francisco has to offer. (Included in tickets price)
Departing from the Cannery: Tour times upon request
Duration (时长): 2 hours
Price: $90
Back to the Fifties Tour
Running: August 16th through August 31st
This tour transports you back in time to one of San Francisco’s most fantastic periods, the 1950s! Enjoy fun history as we take you through San Francisco for a free taste of ice cream.
Departing from the Cannery: 5:00 pm and 7:30 pm
Duration: 2 hours
Price: $90
Spooky Halloween Tour
Running: October 10th through October 31st
Join us for a ride through the historical Presidio district. Authentic fire gear (服装) is provided for your warmth as our entertainers take you to some of the most thrilling parts of San Francisco.
Departing from the Cannery: 6:30 pm and 8:30 pm
Duration: 1 hour and 30 minutes
Price: Available upon request
Holiday Lights Tour
Running: December 6th through December 23rd
This attractive tour takes you to some of San Francisco’s most cheerful holiday scenes. Authentic fire gear is provided for your warmth as you get into the holiday spirit.
Departing from the Cannery: 7:00 pm and 9:00 pm
Duration: 1 hour and 30 minutes
Advance reservations required.
1. Which of the tours is suitable for tourists who are interested in history
A. San Francisco Winery Tour. B. Back to the Fifties Tour.
C. Spooky Halloween Tour. D. Holiday Lights Tour.
2. What is the requirement for tourists to go on Holiday Lights Tour？
A. Take some drinks． B. Set off early in the morning．
C. Wear warm clothes． D. Make reservations in advance．
3. Where is the passage most likely to be taken from
A. Travel brochure. B. Encyclopedia. C. Textbook. D. Biography.
B
One weekend last summer, I paid a visit to the Sahara Desert with my boyfriend David. Before we went to the Sahara Desert, we had heard about the sandstorms there. But we didn’t believe we would be so unlucky to experience one.
We were in a jeep with our guide when someone who was traveling with us said a sandstorm was approaching. But the guide shook his head, saying we shouldn’t worry. He took us straight to the place where we would take a camel ride.
We were losing ourselves in watching sunrise after the camel ride when the sandstorm struck us. The winds roared through the valleys between dunes, lifting the sand until it was impossible to breathe.
David found me in the sand. Then he began taking off his long scarf around his neck and face, wanting to put it around my face instead. But I rejected it. Instead, I managed to put on a travel jacket that I had put in my backpack and pulled the hood around my face. David held me and we walked clumsily in the sand. All I wanted was to get back to our camp and out of the storm.
Unfortunately, getting back to the camp meant having to make our way through the storm. Both David and I climbed on our camels. Sand hit every part of my body. With eyes shut tight, I was blind, unable to control the camel. When we finally stopped, David helped me to get off the camel and led me to the side of a long black tent, where he rolled out a blanket and helped me to sit. We saw our guide near us. “I thought you guys were going to kill me,” he said, “There were signs, if I had paid attention. The driver reminded me twice to do the ride tomorrow morning instead of tonight, but everyone was so eager about riding camels that I didn’t expect to see all of you feel upset.”
Most of us laughed it off. A few even took a pleasure in the experience. Though I suffered a lot, I didn’t regret my trip there. How many people can say they’ve ridden a camel through a sandstorm in the Sahara Desert
4. What happened to the author and her boyfriend
A. They lost their way in the Sahara Desert.
B. They were cheated by a guide.
C. They were caught in a strong sandstorm.
D. They lost their travel jackets and sand hit their body.
5. What can be learned about the author and her boyfriend
A. They became blind and lost their eyesight in the sandstorm.
B. They suffered a lot on the way back to the camp.
C. They had enough good survival skills in sandstorms.
D. They had prepared to experience a sandstorm before they went to the Sahara Desert.
6. Why didn’t the guide move the camel ride to the next day
A. The driver encouraged him to do so.
B. He thought the sandstorm would stop soon.
C. He was excited to ride camels in the sandstorm.
D. He didn’t want to let the tourists down.
7. What does the author most probably think of the experience
A. Worthwhile. B. Regretful. C. Painful. D. Unfortunate
C
Bogre Udell, who speaks four languages, met Frederico Andrade, who speaks five, at the Parsons New School in New York City. In 2014, they started a project which was scheduled to make the first public records of every language in the world. They’ve already recorded more than 350 languages, and plan to hit 1, 000 in the coming years.
“When humans lose a language, we also lose greater diversity (多样化) in art and traditions,” said Bogre Udell. Between 1950 and 2010, 230 languages disappeared. Today, a third of the world's languages have fewer than 1, 000 speakers left. Every two weeks a language dies with its last speaker, and 50 to 90 percent of them are said to disappear by the next century.
Wikitongues, a non-profit organization seeking to save world languages, has asked for volunteers in 40 countries to film native speakers talking in the past, present, and future tenses of their mother languages. Native speakers are requested to recall childhood, share their stories, and discuss their hopes and goals. One volunteer in the South Pacific islands of Vanuatu recorded a language that had never been studied by language experts before. Another volunteer found a speaker of Ainu, a language in Japan that has no relation to any other known language, and he also recorded it. However, priceless recording opportunities disappear regularly. Not long ago, one of the last two speakers of a Saami language in the Russian steppes died right before his recording session with Wikitongues.
Being short of protection and globalization are responsible for reducing language diversity. For much of the 20th century, governments across the world forced some local people to use official languages. More than 100 languages in Australia have disappeared since European settlers arrived. However, most languages die today because of other factors; climate change and urbanization contribute greatly to the extinction of languages.
8. What was the goal of the project established by Bogre Udell and Frederico Andrade
A. To work out how many languages had been lost.
B. To offer language courses with the traditions to people.
C. To find out the reasons for the serious language loss.
D. To document all the languages in the world.
9. How does the author organize his opinion in Paragraph 2
A. By making comparison. B. By quoting Frederico’s idea.
C. By giving examples and data. D. By explaining cause and result.
10. Which of the followings are NOT the factors leading to the disappearance of languages
A. Foreign languages and governments’ laws. B. Urbanization and the lack of protection.
C. Globalization and foreign settlers. D. Spread of official languages and Climate change.
11. What would be the most suitable title for the text
A. The Record of Languages B. The History of Languages
C. The Disappearance of Languages D. The Diversity of Languages
D
According to a new study, great whites and whale sharks are among the species at risk of dying out over the next century.
Pimiento is the lead author of a research published in Science Advances. The research looks at how the extinction of large marine (海洋的) species would influence the ecological roles of ocean ecosystems. “The worrying extinction challenges scientists to better measure the variety of biology: how will the total variety of life on Earth be affected as human activities lead to the losses of more and more creatures ” they said. In the oceans, the biggest animals are thought to play important ecological roles, and are also facing high levels of threat from human activities such as fisheries and climate change.
The team was looking to move beyond traditional species extinctions, to find out more about the functional diversity, the range of roles that these species perform, and how biodiversity (生物多样性) might respond under different extinction scenarios (预测). They ran two different extinction scenarios. In one, researchers looked at extinction probability based on their current IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) status. In the second, they assumed all species listed as threatened, around 40 percent, had gone extinct.
Sharks were found to be one of the worst affected groups. “We already knew that sharks are one of the most threatened groups in the ocean,” they said. “They are also very easily hurt due to their large size and low reproductive rate. Our results show that the most functionally unique and special shark species would be more likely to die out in the future, contributing to greater ecological losses.” They also found the biggest threats to marine megafauna (大型哺乳动物群) are fishing, either through getting caught up by accident or directly targeted, and climate change. Reducing these threats could be the best way to protect these species.
The good news is that the study identifies key species that can be targeted and protected. Sometimes ocean preservation can be a triage game. The science helps us know which species really need our help and which species we really cannot afford to lose.
12. Why did Pimiento carry out the study
A. To show that great white sharks and whale sharks are endangered.
B. To study the main cause of the extinction of some large species in the sea.
C. To work out the ecological role of large animals in the ocean.
D. To offer us the best way of balancing variety of biology with human acts.
13. How did the team conduct its research
A. By checking current data. B. By predicting extinction rates.
C. By measuring marine biodiversity. D. By analyzing traditional experiments.
14. What does the research result show
A. The risk of sharks reproducing in the ocean.
B. The reasons for sharks being hit hardest in the sea.
C. The influence of sharks’ extinction on the ocean.
D. The solution to large sea animals’ dying out.
15. The underlined word “triage” in Paragraph 5 means _________.
A. challenging B. interesting C. easy D. sorting
广东省揭阳市揭西区2023-2024学年高一上学期1月期末英语试题
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Activities for Families with Children
If you get a vacation to spend with your children but have no idea what to do, you and your children can have great fun in the following amazing activities around Cusco, Peru.
Horse riding
Many children long for an opportunity to ride a horse and get close to animals. The Happy Ranch horse farm organizes horse rides through the countryside passing wheat fields, small towns, wooden huts and open air markets. Children will be exposed to the beauty of nature. Price for a horse ride is 12 per person.
Cooking class
If you enjoy local food, taking a cooking class with your children would be fun. Several restaurants there offer cooking classes, which start with a visit to a local market to buy fresh ingredients (原料). Wearing a cook’s hat, children can help washing and cutting. Price for a 3-hour class is $13 per person.
Hot-air balloon ride
A hot-air balloon ride will give you great views of the city. The balloon goes up about 200 meters if weather conditions are OK, less if it is windy. The balloon will stay at that altitude for about 10 minutes. Prices are $20 for an adult, half price for children.
1. What can we know about cooking classes
A. Visitors prepare ingredients by themselves.
B. It takes a family of three $13 to take one.
C. They are usually offered by cooking schools.
D. Children will take part in the whole cooking process.
2. How much will it take a couple with two children to ride a hot-air balloon
A. $20. B. $40. C. $50. D. $60.
3. In which section of a magazine can you probably read the text
A. Education. B. Travel. C. Science. D. Health.
B
At present, I was diagnosed(诊断) with a kind of attention disorder. It made school difficult for me. When everyone else in the class was focusing on tasks, I could not.
In my first literature class, Mrs. Smith asked us to read a story and then write on it, all within 45 minutes. I raised my hand right away and said, “Mrs. Smith, you see, the doctor said I have attention problems. I might not be able to do it.”
She glanced down at me through her glasses, “You are not different from your classmates, young man.”
I tried, but I didn’t finish the reading when the bell rang. I had to take it home.
In the quietness of my bedroom, the story suddenly all became clear to me. It was about a blind person, Louis Braille. He lived in a time when the blind couldn’t get much education. But Louis didn’t give up. Instead, he invented a reading system of raised dots(点), which opened up a whole new world of knowledge to the blind.
Wasn’t I the “blind” in my class, being made to learn like the “sighted” students My thoughts spilled out and my pen started to dance. I completed the task within 40 minutes. Indeed, I was not different from others; I just needed a quieter place. If Louis could find his way out of his problems, why should I ever give up
I didn’t expect anything when I handed in my paper to Mrs. Smith, so it was quite a surprise when it came back to me the next day-with an “A” on it. At the bottom of the paper were these words: “See what you can do when you keep trying ”
Inspired and touched, I began to keep trying hard in my study and struggled against attention disorder. I believe one can find his way out of predicament with determination and efforts.
4. The author didn’t finish the reading in class because .
A. he was new to the class B. he was tired of literature
C. he had an attention disorder D. he wanted to take the task home
5. What do we know about Louis Braille from the passage
A He had good sight. B. He made a great invention.
C. He gave up reading. D. He learned a lot from school.
6. What was Mrs. Smith’s attitude to the author at the end of the story
A. Angry. B. Impatient. C. Sympathetic. D. Encouraging.
7. The underlined word “predicament” in the last paragraph probably means
A. sorrow B. destination C. difficulty D. fortune
C
“Have a nice day!”may be a pleasant gesture or a meaningless expression. When my friend Maxie says “Have a nice day” with a smile, I know she sincerely cares about what happens to me. I feel loved and secure since another person cares about me and wishes me well.
“Have a nice day. Next!”This version of expression is spoken by a salesgirl at the supermarket who is rushing me and my groceries out the door. The words come out in the same tone(腔调)with a fixed procedure. They are spoken at me, not to me. Obviously, the concern for my day and everyone else’s is the management’s attempt to increase the business.
The expression is one of those behaviors that help people get along with each other. Sometimes it indicates the end of a meeting. As soon as you hear it, you know the meeting is at an end. Sometimes the expression serves us when we don’t know what to say.“Oh, you just had a tooth out I’m terribly sorry, but have a nice day.”
The expression can be pleasant. If a stranger says “Have a nice day” to you, you may find it heart-warming because someone you don’t know has tried to be nice to you.
Although the use of the expression is an insincere, meaningless social custom at times, there is nothing wrong with the sentence except that it is a little uninteresting. The salesgirl, the waitress, the teacher, and all the countless others who speak it without thinking may not really care about my day. But in a strange and comfortable way, it’s nice to know they care enough to pretend they care when they really don’t care all that much. While the expression may not often be sincere, it is always spoken. The point is that people say it all the time when they like.
8. How does the author understand Maxie’s words
A. Maxie shows her anxiety to the author.
B. Maxie really wishes the author a good day.
C. Maxie encourages the author to stay happy.
D. Maxie really worries about the author’s security.
9. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean
A. The salesgirl is polite. B. The salesgirl is bored.
C. The salesgirl cares about me. D. The salesgirl says the words as a routine.
10. By saying “Have a nice day,” a stranger may ______.
A. try to be polite to you B. express respect to you
C. give his blessing to you D. share his pleasure with you
11. What is the best title of the passage
A. Have a Nice Day—a Social Custom
B. Have a Nice Day—a Pleasant Gesture
C. Have a Nice Day—a Heart-warming Greeting
D. Have a Nice Day—a Polite Ending of a Conversation
D
A tiny Alaska village has experienced a boom in tourism in recent years as polar bears spend more time on land than on Arctic sea ice.
More than 2,000 people visited the northern Alaska village of Kaktovik in 2018 to see polar bears in the wild. The far north community lies in an area where increasingly higher temperature has sped up the movement of sea ice, the primary habitat (栖息地) of polar bears. As ice has gradually moved to deep water beyond the continental shelf, more bears are remaining on land to look for food.
Polar bears have always been a common sight on sea ice near Kaktovik, but villagers started noticing a change in the mid 1990s. More bears seemed to stay on land, and researchers began taking note of more female bears making homes in the snow on land instead of on the ice to raise their babies. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service biologists began hearing reports of the increasing number of polar bears in the area in the early 2000s. As more attention was given to the plight (困境) of polar bears about a decade ago, more tourists started heading to Kaktovik.
The village had fewer than 50 visitors annually before 2011, said Jennifer Reed, of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. “Today we’re talking about hundreds and hundreds of visitors, many from around the world each year,” Reed said. Most tourists visit in the fall, when bears are forced toward land because sea ice is farthest away from the shore. Bruce Inglangasak, a local hunter who sometimes offers wildlife viewing tours, said he's been offering polar bear tours since 2004. Most of his clients (客户) are from China and Europe, as well as from the lower 48 U. S. states. Many tourists stay several days in the village, which has two small hotels. The villagers have benefited a lot from that. In turn, they provide more effective protection for polar bears with financial support from tourism development.
12. What causes more polar bears to stay on land in Kaktovik
A. Food shortage. B. Climate change.
C. Habitats’ movement to shore. D. Their preference for land.
13. How did common people feel about more sight of bears on land
A. Excited. B. Puzzled. C. Concerned. D. Shocked.
14. What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A. Hotels in Kaktovik are in demand in autumn. B. Kaktovik has about 50 visitors annually.
C. Inglangasak makes a living as a tour guide. D. Tourism affects the balance of nature.
15. Which saying can describe the text
A. The fittest can survive. B. After a storm comes a calm.
C. One man’s fault is another man’s lesson. D. Every coin has two sides.
广东省阳江市高新区2023-2024学年高一上学期1月期末英语试题
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
BEIJING — Chinese President Xi Jinping announced that China will launch the Global Artificial Intelligence (AI) Governance Initiative, which presents a constructive approach to addressing universal concerns over AI development and governance and drew up blueprints for relevant international discussions and rule-making, a foreign ministry spokesperson said on Wednesday.
Xi made the announcement in his keynote speech at the opening ceremony of the third Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation (BRF) in Beijing on Wednesday.
“It is part of China’s active effort to advance the vision of a community with a shared future for mankind and the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative and the Global Civilization Initiative,” the spokesperson said.
AI is a new frontier of human development, and it comes with major opportunities and hard-to-predict risks and challenges that require global response, the spokesperson said.
The spokesperson said the Initiative systematically outlines China’s proposals on AI governance from three aspects, namely, the development, security and governance of AI. The core components of the Initiative are: We should uphold a people-centered approach in developing AI and adhere to the principle of developing AI for the good of humanity, so that AI is developed in a way that is beneficial to human progress; We should uphold the principles of mutual respect, equality and mutual benefit in AI development, and oppose drawing ideological lines or forming exclusive groups to obstruct other countries from developing AI; We should promote the establishment of a testing and assessment system based on AI risk levels, so as to make AI technologies more secure, reliable, controllable and equitable; We support efforts to develop AI governance frameworks, norms and standards based on broad consensus and with full respect for policies and practices among countries, and support discussions within the United Nations framework to establish an international institution to govern AI; Efforts should be made to conduct international cooperation with and provide assistance to developing countries, to bridge the gap in AI and its governance capacity.
“China stands ready to have exchanges and practical cooperation with all sides on global AI governance and deliver benefit for all human beings through AI technology,” the spokesperson added.
1. What announcement was made according to Paragraph 1
A. Rules about AI control in China.
B. A initiative about governing AI globally.
C. Universal concerns about AI development.
D. Domestic plans for AI rule-making.
2. We can learn from the spokesman that __________.
A. AI development needs global concerns
B. China has made every effort to develop AI
C. The initiative was launched related to four aspects
D. AI should advance based on the needs of robots
3. What’s China’s attitude towards AI development according to the text
A. Supportive if it’s for human-kind.
B. Indifferent if it’s for some people’s benefit.
C. Disapproved if it is not for education.
D. Neutral whatever it is.
B
I was cutting up lettuce (生菜) in the kitchen when I suddenly remembered watching a video about putting the lettuce stub (残余部分) in water to grow a whole new vegetable. So I took out a wide-mouthed mug (大杯) and placed the stub into it, gave it a little water, and placed it by the window.
On a snowy morning, I noticed the first sign. A first small leaf from its heart spread out. A tiny green flag of hope. Beaten, but not defeated. Within days, it was impossible to see the cuts where I had removed the leaves. The growth was explosive. And when I lifted the blossoming head out of the mug, tiny root threads fell down, seeking for the earth. What is growing here Lettuce or hope
If I were a lettuce in a similar condition, I’d want to doubtfully assess where I found myself before being devoted to full growth. Yet for this lettuce, my inadequate offering of water and a place by a window was enough for it to decide to reclaim itself again. It grew in a mug of water, in faith. This is the heart of this lettuce: alive, strong and fearless. It deserved a name. I decided to call it Monty.
Monty wanted to grow, as we all do. I think I gave him a little love and freedom. Those two ingredients were all he needed to return to himself. I see joy in this lettuce. The return to self is always an expression of joy, which is life itself. With the right ingredients, this is the tendency of all living things.
Monty still lives in a mug, but I’m going to transplant him outside. He deserves to become his full self. The only problem I see now is my capacity to support Monty. I hope I have enough of a green finger.
I’m surprised to find myself where I am. Maybe Monty is, too. I have the same choice as he does: give in and decay (腐烂), or start again. The prospect of starting again is discouraging. But my lettuce-friend, Monty, leads the way. I can only hope to be as brave.
4. Why did the author put the stub in water
A. To hope that it would grow. B. To decorate the nice mug.
C. To conduct an experiment. D. To remove his bad mood.
5. What is the first sign of life in the author’s eyes
A. The remaining stub. B. The small leaf.
C. The disappearing cuts. D. The tiny root threads.
6. How would the author feel if in the lettuce’s situation
A. Hesitant. B. Fearless. C. Confident. D. Annoyed.
7. Which can be a suitable title of the passage
A. Enjoy your own life to the fullest. B. Believe in yourself when in trouble.
C. Never be afraid to restart yourself. D. Give freedom to the heart in a way.
C
Antibiotics, which can destroy or prevent the growth of bacteria and cure infections, are vital to modern medicine. Their ability to kill bacteria without harming the patient has saved billions of lives and made surgical procedures much safer. But after decades of overuse, their powers are fading. Some bacteria have evolved resistance, creating a growing army of superbugs, against which there is little effective treatment. Antimicrobial (抗菌的) resistance, expected to kill 10 million people a year by 2050 up from around 1 million in 2019, has been seen as a crisis by many.
It would be unwise to rely on new antibiotics to solve the problem. The rate at which resistance emerges is increasing. Some new drugs last only two years before bacteria develop resistance. When new antibiotics do arrive, doctors often store them, using them only reluctantly and for short periods when faced with the most persistent infections. That limits sales, making new antibiotics an unappealing idea for most drug firms.
Governments have been trying to fix the problem by channeling cash into research in drug firms. That has produced only limited improvements. But there is a phenomenon worth a look. Microbiologists have known for decades that disease-causing bacteria can suffer from illnesses of their own. They are supersensitive to attacks by phages, specialized viruses that infect bacteria and often kill them. Phages are considered a promising alternative to antibiotics.
Using one disease-causing virus to fight bacteria has several advantages. Like antibiotics, phages only tend to choose particular targets, leaving human cells alone as they infect and destroy bacterial ones. Unlike antibiotics, phages can evolve just as readily as bacteria can, meaning that even if bacteria do develop resistance, phages may be able to evolve around them in turn.
That, at least, is the theory. The trouble with phages is that comparatively little is known about them. After the discovery of penicillin, the first antibiotic, in 1928, they were largely ignored in the West. Given the severity of the antibiotic-resistance problem, it would be a good idea to find out more about them.
The first step is to run more clinical trials. Interest from Western firms is growing. But it is being held back by the fact that phages are an even less appealing investment than antibiotics. Since they are natural living things, there may be trouble patenting them, making it hard to recover any investment.
Governments can help fun d basic research into phage treatment and clarify the law around exactly what is and is not patentable. In time they can set up phage banks so as to make production cheaper. And they can spread awareness of the risks of overusing antibiotics, and the potential benefits of phages.
8. We can learn from paragraphs 1 and 2 that .
A. doctors tend to use new antibiotics when the patients ask for them
B. antimicrobial resistance is developing more rapidly than predicted
C. new antibiotics fail to attract drug firms due to limited use of them
D. previous antibiotics are effective in solving modern health problems
9. What is phages’ advantage over antibiotics
A. They can increase human cells when fighting bacteria.
B. They are not particular about which cells to infect and kill.
C. They can evolve accordingly when bacteria develop resistance.
D. They are too sensitive to be infected by disease-causing bacteria.
10. According to the passage, the obstacle to phage treatment is that .
A. there is little chance of patenting phages in the future
B. governments provide financial support for other research
C. the emergence of superbugs holds back drug firms’ interest
D. over-dependence on antibiotics distracts attention from phages
11. What is the main idea of the passage
A. Governments fail to stop the use of antibiotics.
B. Phages could help prevent an antibiotics crisis.
C. Development of antibiotics is limited by phages.
D. Antimicrobial resistance calls for new antibiotics.
D
Tonal languages use pitch (音调) to distinguish words that otherwise might sound the same. In Mandarin, for instance, m means horse whereas m means mother. Nontonal languages like Spanish sometimes include pitch changes to suggest emotion, for example, but not to change a word’s meaning.
As a Mandarin speaker and musician Jingxuan Liu wondered about the crossover (融合) between language and music. While studying at Duke University, Liu helped analyze the musical abilities of nearly half a million people from 203 countries. Her colleagues had launched an online game in which participants completed several musical tasks, including identifying matching melodies at different pitches and finding beat tracks that fit songs’ rhythms.
On average, native speakers of the 19 represented tonal languages were better at the melody task compared with speakers of 29 nontonal languages. And the effect wasn’t small a tonal first language strengthened melodic understanding by about half the amount that music lessons did, which was also surveyed. But tonal languages speakers tended to be worse at the rhythm task.
Humans must be choosy about what they pay attention to. Pitch patterns are quite important in tonal languages, which might explain the balancing act in music. “You’ve got a finite resource of attention, and you’ve got to divide up that somehow,” says study coauthor Courtney Hilton, a scientist at the University of Auckland in New Zealand.
Prior research on language and music often compared just two tongues, usually English and Mandarin. But other cultural influences, such as Eastern and Western music styles, could have affected results. By examining a wide range of people, the new study included languages never estimated in this way and reached more generalizable conclusion.
“Our result here is showing that the language someone speaks which is an important part of culture — also shapes cognition,” Hilton says.
12. Why did Liu’s colleagues launch the online game
A. To attract more students to do the research.
B. To learn about different people’s musical abilities.
C. To confirm the role of music in people’s language learning.
D. To find the difference between tonal languages and nontonal ones.
13. What were native speakers of tonal languages better at than those of nontonal languages
A. Finding beat tracks. B. Suggesting emotion.
C. Distinguishing word meanings. D. Figuring out matching melodies.
14. What does the underlined word “finite” in paragraph 4 mean
A. Valued. B. Limited. C. Special. D. Potential.
15. Which of the following words can best describe Liu’s study
A. Ground-breaking. B. Brain-washing. C. Inefficient. D. Unreliable.
广东省深圳市龙华区统考2023-2024学年高一上学期1月期末英语试题
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Everyone knows a power nap feels good, but do you know that power naps fit right into your normal sleep or wake cycle And, if done right, they can really help you get through the day.
We are built to nap
Our bodies have an inside timekeeper called the circadian rhythm (昼夜节律). The term “circadian” comes from the Latin words meaning “about (circa) a day (diem)”. It is based on 24-hour light/dark cycle and allows your body to keep with the light/dark environment. The circadian rhythm helps you fall asleep and wake up. It changes during the day, as shown in the picture.
Keys to power napping
Your body’s circadian rhythm falls and rises throughout the day. With the largest fall in the afternoon, your body becomes more tired during this time. That is to say, in the afternoon, you are designed for napping.
In studies, a nap lasting a quarter can do the most help in school performance and thinking ability. It helps you to concentrate on your class and reduce stress without affecting your ability to fall asleep at night. As for when to start, the best answer will be around 2:00 pm according to the variation of circadian rhythm.
In addition to the length and the timing, there are other ways you can make the most of your power naps:
Try deep-breathing or another relaxation technique as you start.
Choose a quiet, darkened location. A sleep mask may help.
Lie down or sit in a comfortable chair.
Listen to soft music or white noise.
Try a bit of stretching and walking around to refresh after your nap.
11. At which time does the circadian rhythm decrease
A. From 7:00 am to 10:00 am. B. From 10:00 am to 12:00 pm.
C. From 12:00 pm to 2:00 pm. D. From 2:00 pm to 10:00 pm.
12. Which of the following nap length best helps your study
A. 20 minutes. B. 15 minutes. C. 10 minutes. D. 5 minutes.
13 How can we recover after a nap according to the text
A. Stay in a quiet place. B. Play country music.
C. Stretch our bodies. D. Remove the eye mask.
B
Dear Alexa,
The Irish poet Yeats said, “The intellect (才智出众者) of man is forced to choose: perfection of the life, or of the work.” He was wrong. You could have both.
You’re noticing that time spent on academic learning is time not spent with friends. That time cost will get worse as you get older, rounded with working, achievement-hunting or family responsibilities. Many achievers have woken up at age 50 or 70, only to wonder where all of their friends and soft memories were.
It is too easy to forget why we are trying to gain money and knowledge. It is for a life well-lived instead of money and knowledge themselves. Smart people make this stupid mistake all the time, in search for the means to an end so much that they forget the end altogether.
The trick is to see your day, not your life, as the place where you carry out your priorities. Every day there will be one more task you could do. Teach yourself to stop even though there’s more to do. Think of things you have missed out in your life and promise yourself you won’t do them again: “I won’t cancel on a friend’s birthday” or “I won’t speak to my family as though I’m the lead.”
Giving slightly less time to work doesn’t mean achieving less. I have been lucky to know some seriously achieving people in my life from Rhodes scholars to Nobel Prize and Pulitzer Prize winners. None of them are in their office at 11 p.m. flapping papers. If they were, they would not have such energy for their greatness.
You don’t have to choose between life and work since making time for one helps the other. But you have to make the time since how you plan your day is how you plan your life.
Eleanor Gordon-Smith
14. What problem is troubling Alexa
A. How to adapt to her school life.
B. How to balance her studies and social life.
C. How to improve her test grades.
D. How to get along well with her classmates.
15. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 2 mean
A. It is too late to make friends at 50 or 70.
B. Many people lose their memory at 50 or 70.
C. The elderly are fond of thinking back the old days.
D. Regret on the time spending may be expressed by old achievers.
16. Why does Mr. Smith share the examples of award-winning people
A. To encourage necessary rest among tasks.
B. To summarize useful methods in learning.
C. To praise their achievements in their fields.
D. To list common qualities of successful people.
17. Which of the following would the author most likely agree with
A. Hard work is the key to success.
B. A friend is easier lost than found.
C. There are more important things than prizes.
D. It is significant to make the most of time in a day.
C
One of Twitter’s main characters recently was a man who chose to keep his middle seat between a couple on a flight instead of moving to the side. The situation raised some questions: Who are these middle-seat lovers What do they want
Many of the thousands of replies suggested that the majority of the flying public cannot understand why someone would ever choose the middle over a window or an aisle (走廊). But among the majority appeared a few people who endorse middle seats. “In the middle seat I don’t feel I should lean one way or another and generally sit pretty comfortably,” one person wrote. Another added: “I’m not getting hit by someone walking down the aisle or luggage either.”
Kyle Burke, in Florida, said on Twitter that he usually exchanged seats when asked. “I didn’t want to sit between a couple that were upset with me,” he told The Washington Post. At 6-foot-7, Burke, 41, said he didn’t fit well in plane seats, anyway. So, he preferred the middle, which gives him double chance of having a chatty neighbor.
Frederick resident Samantha Jones told The Post by email that she usually chose the middle seat when traveling alone. As a mother of three, “Having personal space is a far-off memory.” she said. “Middle seats have the least amount of responsibility,” she wrote. “I don’t control the window shade and only have to get by one person to get out or to go to the bathroom.”
Despite the few fans, middle seats are still not likely to get much respect. “There’s nothing good in the middle seat,” Scott McCartney, the writer of the journal Middle Seat said. “The position’s infamy (臭名昭著) was part of the reason for the journal’s name.” He added: “People really care about the ‘middle seat’, so they are more likely to pick up this magazine on seeing it.”
18. How does the author start the text
A. By challenging a common belief. B. By raising a couple’s questions.
C. By comparing travelers’ preferences. D. By presenting an unusual seat choice.
19. What does the underlined word “endorse” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A. Exchange. B. Resist. C. Support. D. Indicate.
20. Why does Samantha prefer the middle seat
A. It provides larger space. B. It reduces unnecessary trouble.
C. It avoids family responsibilities. D. It offers networking opportunities.
21. Why did Scott choose “Middle Seat” as the name of his journal
A. To catch readers’ eyes. B. To voice his own taste.
C. To make people think. D. To urge airlines to change.
D
In the continuing fever for outdoor sports and activities, China’s young generation now find themselves drawn to a new activity—lure fishing (假饵钓鱼).
Traditional fishing methods use real bait (饵) and often require hours of patient waiting. However, lure fishing takes a different approach. Here, fishermen use man-made bait to copy the movements of a fish’s natural prey (捕食) such as swimming, struggling and escaping. In this way, fish will mistake the bait for the real prey and make attack. Because fishermen need to frequently throw and take back the line to seek for fish, the sport looks elegant and is called “water golf”.
“The fish shakes and struggles sharply. The feeling is just like putting your hand out of the window while driving at fifty miles per hour,” a fishing lover says, recalling his experience of catching a big fish using a lure fishing technique.
In recent months, many young Chinese have taken to social media to share their experiences. The topic “lure fishing” has over 140,000 posts on the lifestyle platform Xiaohongshu, and videos with the same tag have billions of views on the short video platform Douyin.
Another feature that attracts the young generation is lure fishing’s environmentally-responsible approach. By using green man-made bait, the activity does not bring trouble to the natural environment of the water. Also, the general agreement in the lure fishing community is to “catch and release”, which is to let the little fish go and grow, in order to protect fish.
Moreover, lure fishing is beginner-friendly and requires less equipment compared with traditional fishing. A basic set costs between 500 and 2,000 yuan. But costs can rise significantly if you seek to take a more professional approach.
“Each fishing scene has its fishing rod (竿), and each fishing technique also has its fishing rod,” another lure fishing lover says. He adds he has seven to eight sets of fishing rods, which should come to thousands of yuan in cost.
22. How is lure fishing different from traditional methods
A. It is a more active way. B. It uses real small fish as bait.
C. It is a more time-consuming way. D. It saves fishing lovers’ energy.
23. Which of the following best describes the feeling of the lure fishing lover in paragraph 3
A. Tired. B. Relaxed. C. Surprised. D. Touched.
24. Why is lure fishing thought as environmentally-friendly
A. It uses more natural bait. B. It requires fewer resources.
C. It improves the quality of water. D. It maintains fish’s living condition.
25. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about lure fishing
A. Its expenses. B. Its skills. C. Its benefits. D. Its audiences.
广东省广州市越秀区2023-2024学年高一上学期期末统考英语试题
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Do you like museums Have you been to the Louvre in Paris, the Museum of Anthropology in Mexico City or any of those other “must see” museums Well, now it’s time to go off the beaten path. There are some museums that try to be a little different.
The Kimchi Museum, Seoul, South Korea
If you don’t know about kimchi, a trip to the Kimchi Museum is an eye-opening experience. The museum was founded in 1986 to highlight South Korea’s rich kimchi culture. The show includes displays of cooking utensils and materials related to making, storing, and eating the famous pickled vegetables. The museum also provides details about the history and nutritional (有营养的) benefits of South Korea’s most beloved side dish. Finally, stop by the souvenir (纪念品) shop to try various types of kimchi. Don’t forget to buy your favourite kind to bring home for dinner!
The Museum of Gold, Bogota, Colombia
If you want to see beautiful objects, the Museum of Gold is the place. It holds one of South America’s most amazing collections. Because the exhibits (展品) shine so brightly, you can take photographs without using a flash on your camera! Not everything is made of gold, though. Among the exhibits are ancient pre-Columbian items. Many of them are made from a mixture of gold and copper, known as tumbaga. The museum also features coins, jewelry, and pieces of rare art.
The Chocolate Museum, Cologne, Germany
The Chocolate Museum will teach you everything about chocolate-from cocoa bean to candy bars. You’ll learn about chocolate’s 3,000-year history and discover how it was once used as money in South America. Did you know that it wasn’t popular in Europe until the nineteenth century A real chocolate factory shows you how chocolate is made. After you’ve finished the tour, you can have a free drink of rich, sticky pure chocolate-perfect for those with a sweet tooth.
1. What is the main characteristic of the exhibits in the Museum of Gold
A. They are made entirely of pure gold.
B. They are ancient pre-Columbian items.
C. They shine brightly, allowing flash-free photography.
D. They are made of tumbaga, a mixture of gold and copper.
2. What do the museums in Seoul and Cologne in the passage have in common
A. They display amazing collections of the food.
B. They offer visitors a chance to taste the food.
C. They sell varieties of souvenirs about the food.
D They tell visitors the nutritional benefits of the food.
3. Where can you find this passage
A. In a textbook. B. In an advertisement. C. In a brochure. D. In an encyclopedia.
B
Most of us know about hurricanes, droughts, and floods. But from time to time, nature delivers a weather event that is really unusual.
One day in 2005, people in a small town in Serbia saw an unusual sight. It was raining frogs! Without any warning, they found their streets filling with the little jumping creatures. “There were thousands of them,” one person told a local newspaper. “I thought perhaps a plane carrying frogs had exploded (爆炸),” said another. Scientists believe a tornado passed over a lake and sucked (吸) up the frogs. It then dropped them on the town, far away. Surprisingly, many survived the fall to the ground.
As if tornadoes aren’t dangerous enough, some can actually be made of fire. When a wildfire reaches very high temperatures, it causes the air to heat up and then rise. Cooler air moves quickly to replace the hot air. This create s strong winds, which suck up the fire. When this happens — like it did in 2014, in Denver, United States-a fire tornado is created. A tornado like this can become 15meters wide and grow as tall as a 40-store y building. It is one of nature’s most frightening creations.
In 1942, hundreds of thousand-year-old skeletons (骨架) were found under the ice of Lake Roopkund in the Himalayas. Many had holes in their skulls-but they weren’t hurt in any other way. For years, the cause of their deaths was a mystery. Today, scientists think they were killed by giant hailstones. Hailstones are balls of ice that form when raindrops turn into ice. The ice pieces increase in size until the wind cannot hold them up. This results in hailstones falling to the ground, often at speeds of over 160 kilometers an hour. For the unlucky people at Lake Roopkund, there was nowhere to run. Sadly, they were all killed that day.
4. Why did the frogs appear in Serbia one day in 2005
A. A large flood washed the frogs down. B. The frogs were brought by heavy rains.
C. A plane carrying the frogs had exploded. D. The frogs were dropped by a strong wind.
5. What does the underlined word “this” refer to in paragraph 3
A. Hot air rises from the fire. B. Strong winds suck up the fire.
C. Cooler air removes the hot air. D. Wildfires reach high temperatures.
6. What can we know about the skeletons at Lake Roopkund
A. They were turned into ice balls. B. They had no signs of injury.
C. They showed the force of nature. D. They were hundreds of years old.
7. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage
A. When Strange Weather Strikes B. Protect Ourselves In Disasters
C. The Great Power of Nature D. What Causes Extreme Weather
C
Guangzhou has long been famous for various kinds of flowers and local people have developed their enthusiasm for flowers since the time of Nanyue King in the Western Han Dynasty, which was founded over 2,000 years ago.
According to historical records, in the Western Han Dynasty, blooming flowers were seen everywhere in ancient Guangzhou, also known as Canton. Many people, whether men or women, wore flowers as decorations (装饰). There were even more varieties of flowers and plants grow n in the royal garden owned by Zhao Tuo, the founder of Nanyue Kingdom.
During the Tang and Song dynasties, Huadi, the land of flowers in Chinese, located in present-day Fangcun area of Guangzhou, was where Datong Port (港口), a major harbor for foreign trade, lay. Many businessmen from different places brought various flower seeds to the port by sea, turning a large wetland into flower fields. Besides, Cantonese farmers also grew flowers on the farmlands of thirty-three villages located south of the Pearl River.
The flower trade also contributed to the boom (繁荣) of Canton, which was the starting point of the ancient Maritime Silk Road (海上丝绸之路). As early as the Western Han Dynasty, people of Lingnan region had sailed to Sri Lanka. In the Tang and Song dynasties, a shipping route of over 14,000 kilometers was established, allowing people to travel to as far as the Persian Gulf. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, several ocean-crossing routes had connected Canton with many other parts of the world. In the period of Emperor Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty, Canton was served as the only port open for foreign trade.
Starting off from the Lingnan region, all kinds of flowers found their way to the West, including camellia and Chinese rose, which were developed into more varieties in only 300 years.
The ancient Maritime Silk Road played a key role in supporting the selling of locally-grown flowers of the Lingnan region to other countries. It also brought special foreign flowers from countries and regions along the route to Canton, which promoted the city’s fame for giving people excellent views of blossoms of flowers in all seasons.
8. What’s the function of paragraph 2
A. To introduce the topic. B. To make a comparison.
C. To raise readers’ interest. D. To support the content above.
9. What was Huadi known for during the Tang and Song dynasties
A. Being a major harbor for foreign trade within China.
B. Developing new varieties of flowers in only 300 years.
C. Growing various flower seeds brought by businessmen.
D. Serving as the starting point of the Maritime Silk Road.
10. What can be inferred from paragraph 4
A. The ancient Maritime Silk Road led to the flower trade in Canton.
B. Emperor Qianlong paid special attention to Canton’s development.
C. Canton developed into the starting point of the long world trade route.
D. Trade with foreigners decreased to a large degree in the Qing Dynasty.
11. What’s the main idea of the text
A. Huadi had an important effect on the development of Canton.
B Canton’s economic success roots back to the Western Han Dynasty.
C. The long-standing tradition of flower contributed to Canton’s history.
D. The Maritime Silk Road was formed due to the flower trade in Canton.
D
One year after WildAid started its new program to protect ocean wildlife in China, Chinese world-famous pianist Lang Lang has joined the latest public campaign (运动), “Play Your Part in the Oceans Symphony” on Friday.
The campaign video public service announcement (PSA) impressed the public with Lang Lang playing his song “Stay”, greatly calling attention to the beauty and importance of protecting the marine life in China’s waters such as whale sharks, sea turtles, dolphins and spotted seals.
A new series of messages calls on the public to help protect marine biodiversity (生物多样性) by supporting marine protected areas (MPAs) and the protection of ocean wildlife. The campaign video PSA and billboards, which will be displayed across China, were released (发布) at a Beijing press event hosted by WildAid, with China Green Carbon Foundation and the First Institute of Oceanography of the Ministry of Natural Resources (FIO) as key partners.
Ranked among “the world’s 100 most influential people” by Time magazine, Lang Lang has served as WildAid ambassador for more than 12 years, contributed to protecting endangered wildlife and nature. Speaking at the event he said, “we can all play our part in protecting our oceans by taking simple steps, such as refusing to eat endangered wildlife such as sea turtles, reporting illegal wildlife trade, and reducing the use of single-use plastics.”
WildAid also designed online activities for this campaign in which Lang Lang invites users to re-create his song “Stay” through the two most popular social platforms in China: Weibo and Tik Tok.
Lang Lang joined this campaign following a survey report conducted by WildAid and FIO that discusses public awareness of MPAs and marine biodiversity in China.
The report finds that more than 80% of the survey takers believe that MPAs are very important, but their understanding of the functions of MPAs is low. More than half do not know the term “marine biodiversity” and have not received enough information about marine protection.
“Play Your Part in the Oceans Symphony” campaign PSA and billboards will be given out at outdoor places across China, reaching millions of viewers.
12. What is the purpose of the latest PSA of WorldAid
A. To show the special beauty of marine life in China’s waters.
B. To stress the importance of protecting China’s ocean wildlife.
C. To call on the public to support marine protected areas (MPAs).
D. To invite world-famous pianist Lang Lang to join the campaign.
13. What does Lang Lang ask people to do to protect the ocean life
A. Report illegal wildlife hunting to FIO. B. Stop eating endangered wildlife.
C. Re-create his song “Stay” on line. D. Call on friends to join the campaign.
14. What is one of the findings of the survey report
A. Lots of Chinese do not clearly know how to protect the ocean life.
B. The Chinese public would like to help protect marine biodiversity.
C. The Chinese public awareness of marine biodiversity should be raised.
D. Weibo and Tik Tok are the two most popular social platforms in China.
15. Which of the following best describe the campaign PSA
A. Interesting. B. Demanding. C. Beneficial. D. Enjoyable.
答案
广东省汕头市澄海区2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了旧金山的四个不同旅游景点的价格、时间和景点。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Back to the Fifties Tour标题下“Enjoy fun history as we take you through San Francisco for a free taste of ice cream.”（我们将带您游览旧金山，享受有趣的历史，并免费品尝冰淇淋。）可知，Back to the Fifties Tour适合对历史感兴趣的游客。故选B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Holiday Lights Tour标题下“Advance reservations required.”可知，Holiday Lights Tour对游客的要求是需要提前预订。故选D项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章的四个小标题“San Francisco Winery Tour”（旧金山酒庄之旅）、“Back to the Fifties Tour”（回到五十年代的巡演）、“Spooky Halloween Tour”（幽灵万圣节之旅）及“Holiday Lights Tour”（节日彩灯之旅）可知，本文主要介绍了旧金山的四个旅游景点，推断出这篇文章出自旅游手册。故选A项。
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. D 7. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和她的男朋友去撒哈拉沙漠不幸遇到一场强烈的沙尘暴的故事。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Before we went to the Sahara Desert, we had heard about the sandstorms there. But we didn’t believe we would be so unlucky to experience one.”（在我们去撒哈拉沙漠之前，我们听说过那里的沙尘暴。但我们不相信我们会如此不幸地经历一次。）可知，作者和她的男朋友遇到了一场严重的沙尘暴。故选C项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“Unfortunately, getting back to the camp meant having to make our way through the storm. Both David and I climbed on our camels. Sand hit every part of my body. With eyes shut tight, I was blind, unable to control the camel.”（不幸的是，回到营地意味着我们必须穿过风暴。大卫和我都骑上了骆驼。沙子打在我身体的每一个部位。我紧闭双眼，双目失明，无法控制骆驼。）可知，作者和她的男朋友在回营地的路上遭受了很多痛苦。故选B项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“The driver reminded me twice to do the ride tomorrow morning instead of tonight, but everyone was so eager about riding camels that I didn’t expect to see all of you feel upset.””（车夫提醒了我两次，把今天晚上改到明天早上，但大家都很想骑骆驼，我没想到你们都很难过。”）可知，导游不想把骑骆驼的时间挪到第二天，是因为他不想让游客失望。故选D项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Though I suffered a lot, I didn’t regret my trip there. How many people can say they’ve ridden a camel through a sandstorm in the Sahara Desert ”（虽然我受了很多苦，但我不后悔去那里旅行。有多少人能说他们曾在撒哈拉沙漠的沙尘暴中骑过骆驼 ）可知，作者不后悔进行这次旅行，她认为这段经历是值得的。故选A项。
【答案】8. D 9. C 10. A 11. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了世界上的语言由于多种因素消失严重，Bogre Udell和Frederico Andrade建立一个项目试图去记录这些语言。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“In 2014, they started a project which was scheduled to make the first public records of every language in the world.(2014年，他们开始了一个项目，计划制作世界上所有语言的首次公开记录)”可知，由Bogre Udell和Frederico Andrade建立的项目的目标是记录世界上所有的语言。故选D。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Between 1950 and 2010, 230 languages disappeared. Today, a third of the world's languages have fewer than 1, 000 speakers left. Every two weeks a language dies with its last speaker, and 50 to 90 percent of them are said to disappear by the next century.(从1950年到2010年，230种语言消失了。今天，世界上三分之一的语言的使用者不足1000人。每两周就有一种语言随着最后一个使用者而消亡，据说其中50%到90%的语言将在下个世纪消失)”可推知，作者在第二段通过举例子和列数据的方式来组织自己的观点。故选C。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Being short of protection and globalization are responsible for reducing language diversity. For much of the 20th century, governments across the world forced some local people to use official languages. More than 100 languages in Australia have disappeared since European settlers arrived. However, most languages die today because of other factors; climate change and urbanization contribute greatly to the extinction of languages.(缺乏保护和全球化是导致语言多样性减少的原因。在20世纪的大部分时间里，世界各国政府强迫一些当地人使用官方语言。自从欧洲移民到达澳大利亚以来，澳大利亚已经消失了100多种语言。然而，今天大多数语言因为其他因素而消亡；气候变化和城市化是语言灭绝的重要原因)”可知，外语和政府的法律不是导致语言消失的因素。故选A。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“However, most languages die today because of other factors; climate change and urbanization contribute greatly to the extinction of languages.(然而，今天大多数语言因为其他因素而消亡；气候变化和城市化是语言灭绝的重要原因)”及全文内容可知，文章讲述了世界上的语言由于多种因素消失严重，Bogre Udell和Frederico Andrade建立一个项目试图去记录这些语言。由此可知，C项：The Disappearance of Languages(语言的消失)适合作本文最佳标题。故选C。
【答案】12. C 13. B 14. B 15. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究发现，下个世纪，大白鲨和鲸鲨将面临灭绝的危险。文章介绍了这项研究开展的过程以及研究发现和重要意义。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Pimiento is the lead author of a study published in Science Advances that looks at how the extinction of large marine species would impact the ecological roles of ocean ecosystems.(Pimiento是发表在《科学进展》杂志上的一项研究的主要作者，该研究探讨了大型海洋物种的灭绝将如何影响海洋生态系统的生态角色)”可知，Pimiento的研究是关于海洋中大型动物的生态作用。故选C。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“The team was looking to move beyond traditional species extinctions, to find out more about the functional diversity, the range of roles that these species perform, and how biodiversity might respond under different extinction scenarios. They ran two different extinction scenarios. In one, researchers looked at extinction probability based on their current IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) status. In the second, they assumed all species listed as threatened, around 40 percent, had gone extinct.(该团队希望超越传统物种灭绝，了解更多关于功能多样性的信息，这些物种所扮演的角色范围，以及生物多样性在不同的灭绝情景下可能做出的反应。他们设想了两种不同的灭绝情景。在一项研究中，研究人员根据它们目前在国际自然保护联盟的地位来研究它们灭绝的可能性。在第二种情况下，他们认为所有被列为受威胁的物种，大约40%，已经灭绝)”可知，这个团队通过预测物种灭绝率进行研究。故选B。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中““We already knew that sharks are one of the most threatened groups in the ocean,” they said. “They are also very vulnerable due to their large size and low reproductive rate. Our results show that future extinctions would be selective against the most functionally unique and specialized shark species, resulting in greater projected losses.”(“我们已经知道鲨鱼是海洋中最受威胁的群体之一，”他们说。“由于体型大，繁殖率低，它们也非常脆弱。我们的研究结果表明，未来的灭绝将选择性地针对功能最独特和专门的鲨鱼物种，导致更大的预计损失。”)”可知，研究结果表明了鲨鱼在海里受害最严重的原因。故选B项。
【15题详解】
词句猜测题。根据最后一段“The science helps us know which species really need our help and which species we really cannot afford to lose.”（科学帮助我们知道哪些物种真的需要我们的帮助，哪些物种我们真的不能失去。）可知，有时候，海洋保护可以是一场分类游戏。所以划线词的意思是“分类”。故选D项。
广东省揭阳市揭西区2023-2024学年高一上学期1月期末英语试题
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了在秘鲁的库斯科为有孩子的家庭举办的几种活动。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Cooking class部分中“Several restaurants there offer cooking classes, which start with a visit to a local market to buy fresh ingredients (原料).(那里的几家餐馆提供烹饪课程，首先是去当地市场购买新鲜的食材)”可知，要参加烹饪课，参与者需要先买新鲜食材。故选A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Hot air balloon部分中“Prices are $20 for an adult, half price for children.(成人票价20美元，儿童半价)”可知，一对有两个孩子的夫妇乘坐热气球要花：20×2+10+10=60（美元）。故选D。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“If you get a vacation to spend with your children but have no idea what to do, you and your children can have great fun in the following amazing activities around Cusco, Peru.(如果你有一个假期和你的孩子一起度过，但不知道该做什么，你和你的孩子可以在秘鲁库斯科周围的惊人活动中获得巨大的乐趣)”可知，文章主要介绍了在秘鲁的库斯科为有孩子的家庭举办的几种活动。由此推知，文章可能出现在杂志的旅游部分。故选B。
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. D 7. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者患有注意力障碍，不能集中精力于所做的事情，他不愿努力而且想放弃。但在Louis Braille故事的激励下，作者克服困难，很好地完成作业并得到老师高度认可。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“At present, I was diagnosed(诊断)with a kind of attention disorder. It made school difficult for me. When everyone else in the class was focusing on tasks, I could not.（目前，我被诊断出患有一种注意力障碍。这让我上学很困难。当班上其他人都在集中精力做作业时，我却做不到。）”可知，作者患有一种注意力障碍的病症，当班上的每个人都专注于任务时，他做不到，所以作者没有在课堂上完成阅读任务。故选C项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中“It was about a blind person, Louis Braille. He lived in a time when the blind couldn’t get much education. But Louis didn't give up. Instead, he invented a reading system of raised dots(点), which opened up a whole new world of knowledge to the blind.（是关于一个叫Louis Braille的盲人。他生活在一个盲人不能得到太多教育的时代。但Louis并没有放弃。相反，他发明了一种凸起的圆点阅读系统，为盲人打开了一个全新的知识世界。）”可知，Louis Braille创造了一项伟大的发明。故选B项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“so it was quite a surprise when it came back to me the next day-with an “A” on it. At the bottom of the paper were these words: “See what you can do when you keep trying ”（ 因此，第二天当我拿回论文的时候，我大吃一惊，竟然得了一个“A”。在纸的底部有这样几个字：“当你不断尝试时，看看你能做什么？”）”可知，史密斯女士对作者的态度是令人鼓励的。故选D项。
【7题详解】
词句猜测题。根据“I believe one can find his way out of predicament with determination and efforts.”可知，作者相信一个人只要有决心和努力，就一定能走出predicament。根据句意，尤其“with determination and efforts”可知，此处是指有了决心和努力一个人一定能找到走出困境的路。由此可知，划线词predicament意为“困境，窘况，困难”。故选C项。
【答案】8. B 9. D 10. A 11. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是说明文。本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人们之间相互问候的用语“Have a nice day”的特点和不同场合下的一些意义。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第一段中I know she sincerely cares about what happens to me.可知，Maxie是真心祝福作者一天开心。故选B。
【9题详解】
句意猜测题。根据第二段的The words came out in the same tone （ 腔调 ） with a fixed procedure．可知女营业员这么说只是固定程序，没有特定含义。故选D。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段的“you may find it heart-warming because someone you don’t know has tried to be nice to you.( 你可能会觉得这很温暖，因为你不认识的人试图对你好。)”可知陌生人向你这样说，是想向你表示友好，故选A。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。通览全文及结合文章最后一段的第一句中“Although the use of the expression is an insincere，meaningless social custom at times(虽然这个表达的使用有时是一种不真诚、毫无意义的社会习俗)”，可知简单的一句“Have a nice day”已经成为一种交际习惯。故选A。
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. A 15. D
【解析】
【分析】本文