牛津译林版（2019）必修 第一册Units 1-2 语法复习：句子成分、句型、句子结构讲义
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| 名称 | 牛津译林版（2019）必修 第一册Units 1-2 语法复习：句子成分、句型、句子结构讲义 |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-04-05 21:46:16 | ||
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必修一U1U2语法复习：句子成分、句型、句子结构
句子成分 （9）
主语(S) 、谓语(V) 、宾语(O) 、表语(P) 、定语(Att) 、状语(A) 、补足语(C) 、同位语和 插入语。其中，主语和谓语是句子的主干，是句子的核心。
定语(Att)
定语修饰名词或代词，用来说明人或事物的品质和特征，单个词作定语通常放在被修饰词的前面；短语或从句作定语时，放在被修饰词之后。
找出下列句中的定语：
He is one of the most popular teachers in our school.他是我们学校最受欢迎的老师之一。
Excuse me， is this your bag 打扰一下，这是你的包吗
I've got so much teaching experience.我获得了许多教学经验。
There are five people in my family.我家有五口人。
The woman outside the room is my mother.屋外的妇女是我的妈妈。
Mozi founded the philosophy called Mohism.墨子创立了墨家学说。
Health care is free for everyone living in Britain.每个英国居民都享有免费保健服务。
It contains a powerful drug which affects mosquitoes.它含有一种强效的药物防治蚊虫叮咬。
问题：哪些成分能够做定语？
状语(A)
状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、程度、伴随等意义。
找出下列句中的状语：
He always goes to bed late.他总是睡觉很晚。
There is a house between the two trees.两棵树之间有一栋房子。
Seeing his mother，the boy ran towards her.男孩一看见妈妈就跑过去了。
We canceled the football match because of the heavy rain.因为暴雨我们取消了足球赛。
It got dark when they got back home.他们到家时，天已经黑了。
I’ ll do some shopping tomorrow.明天我要去购物。
问题：哪些成分能够做状语？
表语（P）
表语说明主语的身份、特征和状态等，位于系动词之后， 构成系表结构。
系动词：感官 变 不变 似乎 表明 是
感官5:look, sound, smell, taste, feel
变7:become, go, get, grow, turn, fall,come
不变3: stay, keep, remain
似乎2: seem, appear
表明2: prove, turn out
是1: be
找出下列句中的表语：
My ideal job is to be a journalist.我理想的工作是当一名记者。
The cakes smell delicious.
The maple leaves have turned red.
Everything will turn out all right in the end.
Keep calm and patient in case of emergency.
补足语(C)
包括宾语补足语和主语补足语，对宾语或主语起补充说明的作用。
常见的能带复合宾语的动词有：
看听感 see, notice, watch, hear, smell, feel, consider, think,want, expect
使得 have, make, let, get，keep
发现 find, catch
其他 allow, ask, cause,tell, wish
They called /him /the prince of gymnasts.他们称他为体操王子。
We found /the ruins / interesting.我们发现废墟很有趣。
Wear more clothes to keep /yourself /warm.
We invite /you/ to bring your family and friends.我们邀请您带上亲朋好友。
I’ve never heard /the word/ used in spoken English.我从未听到这个词用在英语口语中。
I saw /my best friend /chatting with another girl.我看到我最好的朋友和另一个女孩聊天。
He/ was caught /cheating on the exam.他考试作弊被抓了。
练习：
Ⅰ.指出下列画线部分是什么成分。
1.Studying English is very important.
2.Chinese people are brave and hard-working.
3.Doctors often advise us to pay more attention to our diets.
4.It's obvious that he was wrong.
5.The patients expressed their gratitude to the doctor.
6.My classmates enjoy reading English novels in their spare time.
7. Susan took good care of her sick mother.
8.He sat there，saying nothing.
9.These things should be kept in the box.
10.The cultural background of China is totally different from that of the US.
11. The girl in a yellow dress came to ask me for advice.
12. He found it important to master English.
13. He sat there, reading a newspaper.
14.All people present at the party were his supporters.
15. To get a good view, he climbed to the top of the hill.
16. Arriving there, call me up.
17. At the news, he stood there dumbfounded.
18. His job is to train swimmers.
19. He noticed a man enter the room.
20. The apples tasted sweet.
21. She wrote me a letter to apologize.
简单句的句型（8）
简单句就是由一个主语和一个谓语构成的句子。
1.主谓：(SV)
这种结构中，谓语一般由不及物动词充当。
Mrs Black and her children talked and laughed.布莱克夫人和她的孩子们有说有笑。
主谓宾：(SVO)
这种结构中，谓语一般由及物动词或不及物动词+介词 充当。
I like taking risks.
我喜欢冒险。
The workers talked about eating out after work.
博物馆里有一家极好的餐馆。
3.主系表：(SVP)
Mary seems pleased.adj.
玛丽似乎很高兴。
All of the food looks， smells and tastes wonderful.adj.
所有的食物都色、香、味俱佳。
4.主谓宾宾：(SVOO)
I will lend you some books.=lend some books to you我会借几本书给你看。
You gave me some good advice.=give some good advice to you你给了我一些好建议。
My close friends bought me a Barbie doll.=bought a Barbie doll for me.我的好朋友给我买了一个芭比娃娃。
5.主谓宾宾补：(SVOC)
宾语和宾语补足语合称为复合宾语。
They called him James.他们称呼他詹姆斯。
We will keep the table clean.我们会保持桌子干净。
She asked me to hang out with her this weekend.她请我这个周末和她一起出去玩。
6.主谓状：(SVA)，是主谓结构SV的升级版
在主谓结构里，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等作状语。
The old man breathed deeply.老人呼吸急促。
They are staying in the Peace Hotel.他们住在和平宾馆。
7.主谓宾状：(SVOA)，是主谓宾结构的升级版
We looked at the group of people in panic.我们惊恐地看着这群人。
They are reading books in the library.他们正在图书馆看书。
8.There be
be在人称和数上应和其后的主语(名词)保持一致，即主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词时用单数，主语为复数可数名词时用复数。若be后有两个或两个以上的名词作主语时，谓语动词常与邻近的主语在数上保持一致。也叫“就近原则5个”。其他使用就近原则的句型有：either...or...或者，或者; neither... nor...既不，也不; not only...but also...; not...but...不是，而是
There is a pen and some books on the desk.书桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。
There seems to be something wrong about it.好像有点不对头。
练习：
Ⅱ.分析下列句子是哪种基本句型。
1.They have finished their tasks.
2.My suggestion is that we should start at once.
3.More highways have been built in China.
4. Mr Smith gave him a lot of valuable advice.
This is an English dictionary.
I told him exciting news.
It began to rain heavily.
There is no need to spend money on the dinner.
9. I find your suggestions useful.
10. There are seven days in a week.
11.My mother asked me to comeback soon.
三、句子结构 （3）
英语句子按其结构分为简单句、并列句和复合句。
1. 简单句（the Simple Sentence）
简单句是指由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子。简单句有八种基本句型。
2. 并列句（the Compound Sentence）
并列句是由并列连词或用逗号、分号把两个或以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。
并列连词可以分为四种：
①________关系的连词and, then, both…and…,not only …but also…, as well as；
②________关系的连词but, while, however, yet, still；
③________关系的连词or, or else, otherwise, either… or…, neither …nor…, not …but…；
④_________关系的连词so, for, therefore
练习：划出并列连词，并说明是什么样的关系。
I often help her and she often helps me.
I like fish, but he likes meat.
Hurry up, or you will be late.
He is singing while she is dancing.
Either come in or go out.
It rained heavily outside, so I had to stay at home.
Let’s start early; we have a long way to go.
3. 复合句 (the Complex Sentence)
复合句是由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成的句子。复合句包括三种从句：
1.定语从句：一个从句充当主句的定语
2.名词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句）：一个从句充当主句的主语、宾语、表语、同位语
3.状语从句：一个从句充当主句的状语
练习：划出从句，并说明从句类型。
What he says is right.
That is where I disagree.
I don’t know where he comes from.
Word came that we had won the game.
A plane is a machine that can fly.
They were talking when the teacher came in.
句子成分 （9）
主语(S) 、谓语(V) 、宾语(O) 、表语(P) 、定语(Att) 、状语(A) 、补足语(C) 、同位语和 插入语。其中，主语和谓语是句子的主干，是句子的核心。
定语(Att)
定语修饰名词或代词，用来说明人或事物的品质和特征，单个词作定语通常放在被修饰词的前面；短语或从句作定语时，放在被修饰词之后。
找出下列句中的定语：
He is one of the most popular teachers in our school.他是我们学校最受欢迎的老师之一。
Excuse me， is this your bag 打扰一下，这是你的包吗
I've got so much teaching experience.我获得了许多教学经验。
There are five people in my family.我家有五口人。
The woman outside the room is my mother.屋外的妇女是我的妈妈。
Mozi founded the philosophy called Mohism.墨子创立了墨家学说。
Health care is free for everyone living in Britain.每个英国居民都享有免费保健服务。
It contains a powerful drug which affects mosquitoes.它含有一种强效的药物防治蚊虫叮咬。
问题：哪些成分能够做定语？
状语(A)
状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、程度、伴随等意义。
找出下列句中的状语：
He always goes to bed late.他总是睡觉很晚。
There is a house between the two trees.两棵树之间有一栋房子。
Seeing his mother，the boy ran towards her.男孩一看见妈妈就跑过去了。
We canceled the football match because of the heavy rain.因为暴雨我们取消了足球赛。
It got dark when they got back home.他们到家时，天已经黑了。
I’ ll do some shopping tomorrow.明天我要去购物。
问题：哪些成分能够做状语？
表语（P）
表语说明主语的身份、特征和状态等，位于系动词之后， 构成系表结构。
系动词：感官 变 不变 似乎 表明 是
感官5:look, sound, smell, taste, feel
变7:become, go, get, grow, turn, fall,come
不变3: stay, keep, remain
似乎2: seem, appear
表明2: prove, turn out
是1: be
找出下列句中的表语：
My ideal job is to be a journalist.我理想的工作是当一名记者。
The cakes smell delicious.
The maple leaves have turned red.
Everything will turn out all right in the end.
Keep calm and patient in case of emergency.
补足语(C)
包括宾语补足语和主语补足语，对宾语或主语起补充说明的作用。
常见的能带复合宾语的动词有：
看听感 see, notice, watch, hear, smell, feel, consider, think,want, expect
使得 have, make, let, get，keep
发现 find, catch
其他 allow, ask, cause,tell, wish
They called /him /the prince of gymnasts.他们称他为体操王子。
We found /the ruins / interesting.我们发现废墟很有趣。
Wear more clothes to keep /yourself /warm.
We invite /you/ to bring your family and friends.我们邀请您带上亲朋好友。
I’ve never heard /the word/ used in spoken English.我从未听到这个词用在英语口语中。
I saw /my best friend /chatting with another girl.我看到我最好的朋友和另一个女孩聊天。
He/ was caught /cheating on the exam.他考试作弊被抓了。
练习：
Ⅰ.指出下列画线部分是什么成分。
1.Studying English is very important.
2.Chinese people are brave and hard-working.
3.Doctors often advise us to pay more attention to our diets.
4.It's obvious that he was wrong.
5.The patients expressed their gratitude to the doctor.
6.My classmates enjoy reading English novels in their spare time.
7. Susan took good care of her sick mother.
8.He sat there，saying nothing.
9.These things should be kept in the box.
10.The cultural background of China is totally different from that of the US.
11. The girl in a yellow dress came to ask me for advice.
12. He found it important to master English.
13. He sat there, reading a newspaper.
14.All people present at the party were his supporters.
15. To get a good view, he climbed to the top of the hill.
16. Arriving there, call me up.
17. At the news, he stood there dumbfounded.
18. His job is to train swimmers.
19. He noticed a man enter the room.
20. The apples tasted sweet.
21. She wrote me a letter to apologize.
简单句的句型（8）
简单句就是由一个主语和一个谓语构成的句子。
1.主谓：(SV)
这种结构中，谓语一般由不及物动词充当。
Mrs Black and her children talked and laughed.布莱克夫人和她的孩子们有说有笑。
主谓宾：(SVO)
这种结构中，谓语一般由及物动词或不及物动词+介词 充当。
I like taking risks.
我喜欢冒险。
The workers talked about eating out after work.
博物馆里有一家极好的餐馆。
3.主系表：(SVP)
Mary seems pleased.adj.
玛丽似乎很高兴。
All of the food looks， smells and tastes wonderful.adj.
所有的食物都色、香、味俱佳。
4.主谓宾宾：(SVOO)
I will lend you some books.=lend some books to you我会借几本书给你看。
You gave me some good advice.=give some good advice to you你给了我一些好建议。
My close friends bought me a Barbie doll.=bought a Barbie doll for me.我的好朋友给我买了一个芭比娃娃。
5.主谓宾宾补：(SVOC)
宾语和宾语补足语合称为复合宾语。
They called him James.他们称呼他詹姆斯。
We will keep the table clean.我们会保持桌子干净。
She asked me to hang out with her this weekend.她请我这个周末和她一起出去玩。
6.主谓状：(SVA)，是主谓结构SV的升级版
在主谓结构里，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等作状语。
The old man breathed deeply.老人呼吸急促。
They are staying in the Peace Hotel.他们住在和平宾馆。
7.主谓宾状：(SVOA)，是主谓宾结构的升级版
We looked at the group of people in panic.我们惊恐地看着这群人。
They are reading books in the library.他们正在图书馆看书。
8.There be
be在人称和数上应和其后的主语(名词)保持一致，即主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词时用单数，主语为复数可数名词时用复数。若be后有两个或两个以上的名词作主语时，谓语动词常与邻近的主语在数上保持一致。也叫“就近原则5个”。其他使用就近原则的句型有：either...or...或者，或者; neither... nor...既不，也不; not only...but also...; not...but...不是，而是
There is a pen and some books on the desk.书桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。
There seems to be something wrong about it.好像有点不对头。
练习：
Ⅱ.分析下列句子是哪种基本句型。
1.They have finished their tasks.
2.My suggestion is that we should start at once.
3.More highways have been built in China.
4. Mr Smith gave him a lot of valuable advice.
This is an English dictionary.
I told him exciting news.
It began to rain heavily.
There is no need to spend money on the dinner.
9. I find your suggestions useful.
10. There are seven days in a week.
11.My mother asked me to comeback soon.
三、句子结构 （3）
英语句子按其结构分为简单句、并列句和复合句。
1. 简单句（the Simple Sentence）
简单句是指由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子。简单句有八种基本句型。
2. 并列句（the Compound Sentence）
并列句是由并列连词或用逗号、分号把两个或以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。
并列连词可以分为四种：
①________关系的连词and, then, both…and…,not only …but also…, as well as；
②________关系的连词but, while, however, yet, still；
③________关系的连词or, or else, otherwise, either… or…, neither …nor…, not …but…；
④_________关系的连词so, for, therefore
练习：划出并列连词，并说明是什么样的关系。
I often help her and she often helps me.
I like fish, but he likes meat.
Hurry up, or you will be late.
He is singing while she is dancing.
Either come in or go out.
It rained heavily outside, so I had to stay at home.
Let’s start early; we have a long way to go.
3. 复合句 (the Complex Sentence)
复合句是由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成的句子。复合句包括三种从句：
1.定语从句：一个从句充当主句的定语
2.名词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句）：一个从句充当主句的主语、宾语、表语、同位语
3.状语从句：一个从句充当主句的状语
练习：划出从句，并说明从句类型。
What he says is right.
That is where I disagree.
I don’t know where he comes from.
Word came that we had won the game.
A plane is a machine that can fly.
They were talking when the teacher came in.