人教版（2019）选择性必修 第三册Unit 4 Adversity and Courage单元测试卷（二）（含解析）
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人教版（2019）选择性必修三Unit 4 Adversity and Courage
周测试卷（二）
满分：100分 测试时间：40分钟。
品词填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
1．It is reported that everyone (在船上) was injured in the accident.
2．Honestly speaking, I do (羡慕) you getting the title of the Excellent Graduate and I should follow your example.
3．The ship would have (下沉) with all on board but for the captain.
4．If you put on (潮湿的) clothes in such weather, you will probably catch cold.
5．Men must consider eating, drinking, clothing and finding shelter before they can pursue entertainment and (消遣)．
6．Engineers carried out a (彻底的)inspection of the track to ensure the safety of the trains.
7．Though the house was shabby, it was neatly decorated with beautifully designed (家具)．
8．Friends are not books, yet books are friends. Friends may betray you, while books are always (忠诚的)．
9．To be honest, I find it difficult to be (热情的) about mathematics while my brother does.
10．This exercise is beneficial to your health and will improve strength and (忍耐力)．
11.He saw the corner of a magazine sticking out from under the (毛毯).
12.She is said to be very (痛苦) about the way she was fired.
13.My heart s because I thought he was going to leave me behind.
14.I don’t know much about it,so I don’t feel (符合资格) to comment.
15.The moment the son was about to go a the ship,they kissed good-bye with tears.
单句语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
1. Kate signed in relief and ___ ___ (sink) down again to her seat.
2.A retired engineer 76-year-old Wilson _____________________(offer) free rights to college students for the past eight years.
3.This lady was (genuine) surprised at what happened to her decent banjo.
4. I have nothing but personal __ ____ (belong) .
5.The lawyer’s advice led to the (resolve) of this difficult problem.
6.The telephone_________ (ring) for almost a minute, why doesn't someone answer it
7 The child was found_______ (abandon) but unharmed.
8.The girl has a great interest in sports and_________________ (take) Badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.
9.He has never stopped trying and showed great (persevere).
10.It was the most extreme example of (cruel) to animals I had ever seen.
阅读理解(共8小题;每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
In our daily life, it’s the unexpected acts of kindness that often bring us the most joy. This is a story about one such act that occurred in the most unlikely of places — a crowded airplane. It’s a reminder that despite the chaos, there’s always time for sympathy, something Kelsey Zwick and her baby experienced in person.
The mom was traveling to the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia with her daughter, who required special medical attention due to her premature birth. The journey was filled with the extra luggage of medical equipment and the concerns of a caring mother. As they were settled into their economy seats, a flight attendant approached with the sweetest offer. Just at that time, a first — class passenger noticed them and wanted to offer his seat, hoping it would provide more comfort for them. On hearing that, Zwick was moved to tears by the gesture.
The flight proceeded smoothly with Zwick and her daughter enjoying the unexpected comfort of first class. However, upon landing, Zwick was unable to find the man, as they lost each other in the crowd. Determined to thank him appropriately, she detailed the encounter, from the struggles of traveling with a baby and medical equipment to the heartfelt exchange with the stranger. Then she posted online the message, expressing thanks and recognition of the man’s generosity.
The story, once shared, caught fire online, receiving over 579,000 shares. The viral nature of this post eventually led to the airline connecting Zwick with the benefactor, Jason Kunselman. In an interview, Kunselman humbly shared his perspective, stressing the importance of kindness. This encounter between Zwick and Kunselman serves as a powerful reminder of the impact a simple act of kindness can have. It’s a call to action for all of us to be more observant and considerate of those around us.
1. Why was Zwick moved on the plane
A. Her baby was looked after on the plane.
B. Her problem was solved by a flight attendant.
C. A first-class passenger offered his seat to her.
D. The passengers on the plane told the story of kindness.
2. Why did Zwick want to find the man
A. To give him the extra fee. B. To express her gratitude.
C. To praise his generosity. D. To make an apology to him.
3. What does the underlined word “benefactor” in paragraph 4 refer to
A. Contributor. B. Reporter. C. Conductor. D. Organizer.
4. What is implied in the story of Zwick
A. Few people care about the persons around us.
B. The story posted online always attracts a lot of fans.
C. A near neighbor is better than a distant cousin.
D. Acts of kindness always start from our considerateness.
B
We all know eating ultra-processed foods that make our lives easier — such as sauces, and frozen pizza — isn’t good for our health. Studies have found they can raise our risk of obesity, heart problems, diabetes and cancer. They may even shorten our lives. Now, a new study has revealed eating more ultra-processed foods may contribute to overall cognitive decline, including the brain executive functioning — the ability to process information and make decisions.
“While in need of further study, the new results are quite compelling and emphasize the critical role for proper nutrition in preserving and promoting brain health and reducing risk for brain diseases,“ said Tanzi, professor at Harvard Medical School. He was not involved in the study but he said in his book, “They, are, very high in sugar, salt and fat, promoting systemic inflammation, perhaps the most major threat to healthy aging. Meanwhile, since they are convenient and quick, they also replace fiber foods important for maintaining the health and balance of bacteria in your gut,” he added, “which is particularly important for brain health and reducing risk of age-related brain diseases like Alzheimer’
The study, presented at the 2022 Alzheimer’s Association International Conference, followed over 10,000 Brazilians for 10 years. “In Brazil, ultra-processed foods make up 25% to 30% of total calorie intake. We have McDonald’s and Burger King. It is not very different from many other Western countries,” said coauthor Dr. Suemoto. Ultra-processed foods are defined as ”industrial formulations of food substances containing little or no whole foods and typically include flavorings, colorings and other chemical additives“ according to the study.
“People consuming over 20% of daily calories from processed foods had a 28% faster decline in global cognition and a 25% faster decline in executive functioning compared to people who not,” said study coauthor Natalia. Those in the study who ate the most ultra-processed foods ware “more likely to be younger, women, White, had higher education and incomes, and were more likely to have never smoked,” the study found.
“People need to know they should cook more,” Suemoto said. “And it’s worth it because you’re going to protect your heart and guard your brain,” she added.
5. What does the underlined word “compelling” mean in Paragraph 2
A. Convincing. B. Surprising. C. Suspicious. D. Invaluable.
6. What do we know from the passage
A. Whoever never cooks is sure to develop Alzheimer.
B. Ultra-processed foods only affect your executive function.
C. Tanzi is the first to find the problem with Ultra-processed foods.
D. Brazilians’calorie intake is not different from most westerners.
7. Who is likely to eat more ultra-processed foods
A. An old beggar. B. A heavy smoker. C. A young professor. D. A low-income man.
8. What’s the main idea of this passage
A. Ultra-processed foods can harm your health.
B. Fiber foods can reduce the risk of Alzheimer.
C. Fiber foods may maintain the balance of bacteria.
D. Ultra-processed foods will lead to cognitive decline.
四、 完形填空(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Two new residents in Aarwangen, a small village in Swiss, complained that the constant ringing of cowbells affect their life. They asked for the cows’ bell to be ___1___ at night so they could sleep.
Long-term residents, and the village’s remaining farmers were ___2___ . They thought it was a (n) ___3___ on their traditional culture. “We want to ___4___ and keep our lived traditions in the future,” they say.
Cowbells have been used in rural Switzerland for centuries. They were once useful for ___5___ cows on the hill side in summer. Farmers say they can___6___ each cow by the sound of its own bell. ___7___ in modern times, many farmers have switched to using electronic chips ___8___ bells.
Over the past few decades, many new___9___ have arrived here from large cities and they are not so____10____ to the traditional way of rural life.
This year’s battle is not the first time that residents have ____11____ cowbells. In 2005, a Zurich appeals (呼吁) court ____12____ a farmer to remove the bells from his 27 cows from 10: 00 to 7: 00 am, because the cows were safe in a small farm and the neighbors could sleep ____13____ .
Next month, Aarwangen’s villagers will gather for a public meeting to vote (投票) on the ____14____ of their bells. They will decide how the sound of the bells can ____15____ without breaking noise pollution laws.
1.
A. marked B. watched C. intended D. removed
2
A. angry B. proud C. frightened D. excited
3.
A. effect B. comment C. attack D. threat
4.
A. study B. preserve C. record D. restore
5.
A. counting B. tracking C. entertaining D. feeding
6.
A. catch B. contact C. spot D. hear
7.
A. Besides B. Therefore C. However D. Meanwhile
8.
A. instead of B. thanks to C. regardless of D. according to
9.
A. residents B. researchers C. tourists D. visitors
10.
A. attracted B. used C. addicted D. related
11.
A. thought over B. gave up C. put on D. complained about
12.
A. hoped B. promised C. ordered D. refused
13.
A. well B. wore C. good D. bad
14.
A. future B. number C. pressure D. design
15.
A. rise B. continue C. forgive D. return
五、语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上。
The Chinese couplet (对联) refers to two poetic lines obeying certain rules, often 1. ________ (write) on red paper for 2.___________ (appreciate).
As a form of Chinese literature, the couplet 2.________ (vary) in content and style. Some express people’s love to their motherland, some describe the beauty of nature, 4. _________ some convey best wishes for the coming year.
Chinese couplets originated in the Five Dynasties, and since then they 5. ___________ (become) commonplace everywhere in China. It was the custom for people 6. __________ (hang) peach wood charms to drive away evil spirits during the Spring Festival. Nowadays, couplets are used in a similar way.
It was said that the 7._________ (early) couplet was created by Meng Chang, king of Later Shu and it was 8___________ (wide) popular in the Northern Song Dynasty. At present, writing couplets 9. __________ (regard) as a mark of the cultured life of scholars.
The couplet has two equal-length lines. However, 10. ______ number of characters in each line can be from four to seven or more. The first and the second lines have opposite tone patterns. The last character of the first line is of an oblique tone, and its opposite in the second line, is of a level tone.
参考答案：
词汇运用：
1. aboard 2. envy 3. sunk
4．damp 5. recreation 6. thorough
7．furniture 8. loyal 9. enthusiastic
10．Endurance
11.blanket 12.bitter 13.sank 14.qualified 15.aboard
单句语法填空：
1.sank 2.has being offering 3.genuinely 4.belongings 5.resolution
6.has been ringing 7.has being taking 8.abandoned 9.perseverance 10.cruelty
阅读理解
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了飞机上一个头等舱的陌生乘客主动与经济舱的一位带有患病婴儿的乘客Zwick交换座位，以便为其提供舒适方便的故事。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句“Just at that time, a first-class passenger noticed them and wanted to offer his seat, hoping it would provide more comfort for them. On hearing that, Zwick was moved to tears by the gesture.(就在这时，一位头等舱乘客注意到了他们，想让座给他们，希望能让他们更舒服。听到这个，兹威克被这个姿态感动得流下了眼泪)”可知，一个头等舱的乘客主动提出跟Zwick换座位，这让Zwick非常感动。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“However, upon landing, Zwick was unable to find the man, as they lost each other in the crowd. Determined to thank him appropriately, she detailed the encounter, from the struggles of traveling with a baby and medical equipment to the heartfelt exchange with the stranger. (然而，着陆后，兹威克无法找到这个人，因为他们在人群中失去了彼此。为了适当地感谢他，她详细描述了这次相遇，从带着婴儿和医疗设备旅行的挣扎，到与陌生人的真诚交流)”可知，兹维克想找那个男人来表达她的感激之情。故选B。
【3题详解】
词句猜测题。根据上文的内容及下文的“In an interview, Kunselman humbly shared his perspective, stressing the importance of kindness.(在一次采访中，Kunselman谦虚地分享了他的观点，强调了善良的重要性)””可知，划线词意为“捐赠者，恩人”，与A项同义。故选A。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“This encounter between Zwick and Kunselman serves as a powerful reminder of the impact a simple act of kindness can have. It’s a call to action for all of us to be more observant and considerate of those around us.(兹威克和昆塞尔曼的相遇有力地提醒了我们，一个简单的善举也能产生巨大的影响。这是对我们所有人的行动呼吁，让我们更加观察和体谅我们周围的人)”可推知，Zwick的故事告诉我们，善举总是从我们的体贴开始的。故选D。
【答案】5. A 6. D 7. C 8. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，吃更多的超加工食品可能会导致整体认知能力下降，包括大脑执行功能——处理信息和做出决定的能力。文章解释了研究开展的过程、发现以及人们对此研究的看法。
【5题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“While in need of further study”以及后文“and emphasize the critical role for proper nutrition in preserving and promoting brain health and reducing risk for brain diseases”可知，while引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”，为让步转折关系，说明虽然还需要进一步的研究，但新的研究结果相当令人信服，并强调了适当的营养在保护和促进大脑健康、降低大脑疾病风险方面的关键作用。故画线词意思是“令人信服的”。故选A。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“In Brazil, ultra-processed foods make up 25% to 30% of total calorie intake. We have McDonald’s and Burger King. It is not very different from many other Western countries(在巴西，超加工食品占总热量摄入的25%至30%。我们有麦当劳和汉堡王。它与许多其他西方国家没有太大不同)”可知，巴西人的卡路里摄入量与大多数西方人没有什么不同。故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Those in the study who ate the most ultra-processed foods ware “more likely to be younger, women, White, had higher education and incomes, and were more likely to have never smoked,” the study found.(研究发现，研究中食用超加工食品最多的人“更可能是年轻人、女性、白人、受过高等教育和收入较高的人，而且更可能从不吸烟”)”可知，一位年轻的教授可能会吃更多的超加工食品。故选C。
【8题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Now, a new study has revealed eating more ultra-processed foods may contribute to overall cognitive decline, including the brain executive functioning — the ability to process information and make decisions.(现在，一项新的研究表明，吃更多的超加工食品可能会导致整体认知能力下降，包括大脑执行功能——处理信息和做出决定的能力)”结合文章解释了研究开展的过程、发现以及人们对此研究的看法。可知，这篇文章的主旨是超加工食品会导致认知能力下降。故选D。
完形填空
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. B 6. D 7. C 8. A 9. A 10. B 11. D 12. C 13. A 14. A 15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了瑞士小村庄阿尔旺根的两名新居民投诉村里不断响起的牛铃声，要求在晚上将牛铃取下以便能够安睡，但是长期居民和农民反对这种改变，认为这是对传统文化的攻击，他们希望维护和保护传统生活方式。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们要求在晚上把牛铃拿掉，这样他们就可以睡觉了。A. marked标记；B. watched注视；C. intended打算；D. removed移除。根据下文“In 2015, a Zurich appeals court ____12____ a farmer to remove the bells from his 27 cows from 10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m.”可知，这两名新居民要求的是在晚上把牛铃拿掉，removed在下文有同词复现。故选D。
【2题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：村里的长期居民和留下来的农民都很生气。A. angry生气的；B. proud自豪的；C. frightened害怕的；D. excited兴奋的。根据下文“We want to ____4____ and maintain our lived traditions in the future”可知，他们想维护自己的生活传统，因此会对新居民的要求感到生气。故选A。
【3题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们认为这是对他们传统文化的攻击。A. effect效果；B. comment评论；C. attack攻击；D. threat威胁。根据下文“We want to ____4____ and maintain our lived traditions in the future”可知，他们想维护自己的生活传统，因此会觉得新居民的要求是对传统文化的攻击。故选C。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们说：“我们希望在未来保护和维护我们的生活传统。”A. study研究；B. preserve保护；C. record记录；D. restore恢复。根据下文“keep our lived traditions in the future”可推知，preserve“保护”符合语境，和keep并列，表示在未来保护和维护这种生活传统。故选B。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们曾经在夏天用来追踪山坡上的奶牛。A. counting计算；B. tracking追踪；C. entertaining娱乐；D. feeding喂养。根据下文“cows on the hill side in summer”可推知，夏天奶牛被放养到山坡上，需要靠牛铃来追踪它们。故选B。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：农民们说，他们可以通过奶牛的铃铛声来听到每头奶牛的叫声。A. catch捕捉；B. contact联系；C. spot发现；D. hear听到。根据下文“by the sound of its own bell”可推知，通过奶牛的铃铛声，这些农民可以确保听到每头奶牛的声音。故选D。
【7题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，在现代，许多农民已经改用电子芯片代替铃铛。A. Besides此外；B. Therefore因此；C. However然而；D. Meanwhile与此同时。根据上文“Cowbells have been used in rural Switzerland for centuries.”和下文“in modern times, many farmers have switched to using electronic chips ____8____ bells”可知，上文描述之前的情况，表明牛铃在瑞士农村已经使用了几个世纪，下文描述现在的情况，表明许多农民已经改用电子芯片， 上下文之间形成转折，应用However“然而”来衔接。故选C。
【8题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：然而，在现代，许多农民已经改用电子芯片代替铃铛。A. instead of代替；B. thanks to由于；C. regardless of不管；D. according to根据。根据上文“many farmers have switched to using electronic chips”可推知，农民们是用电子芯片代替铃铛，起到定位管理奶牛的作用。故选A。
【9题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在过去的几十年里，许多新居民从大城市来到这里，他们不太习惯传统的农村生活方式。A. residents居民；B. researchers研究人员；C. tourists游客；D. visitors参观者。根据本文开头“ Two new residents in Aarwangen, a small village in Swiss, complained that the constant ringing of cowbells affect their life. ”可知，抱怨村子里的牛铃的是新居民，由此推知，是新居民从大城市来到这里。故选A。
【10题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在过去的几十年里，许多新居民从大城市来到这里，他们不太习惯传统的农村生活方式。A. attracted被吸引的；B. used习惯于；C. opposed反对的；D. devoted致力于的。根据上文“Two new residents in Aarwangen, a small village in Swiss, complained that the constant ringing of cowbells affect their life.”可知，新居民抱怨村子里的牛铃，因此是不太习惯传统农村的生活方式，固定短语be used to意为“习惯于”。故选B。
【11题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：今年的斗争并不是居民第一次抱怨牛铃。A. thought over考虑；B. gave up放弃；C. put on穿上；D. complained about抱怨。根据上文“Two new residents in Aarwangen, a small village in Swiss, complained that the constant ringing of cowbells affect their life.”可知，这不是居民第一次抱怨牛铃，complained about“抱怨”和上文的complaints呼应。故选D。
【12题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：2015年，一个苏黎世人上诉法院命令一名农民在晚上10点至早上7点期间从他27头奶牛身上取下铃铛，因为它们在一个小农场里是安全的，邻居们睡得很好。A. hoped希望；B. promised承诺；C. ordered命令；D. refused拒绝。根据上文“a Zurich appeals court”可推知，这个人上诉法院，是想让法院遵循法律，命令农民在这段时间取下铃铛。故选C。
【13题详解】
考查形容词、副词和动词词义辨析。句意：2015年，一个苏黎世人上诉法院命令一名农民在晚上10点至早上7点期间从他的27头奶牛身上取下铃铛，因为牛在一个小农场里是安全的，邻居们睡得很好。A. well好地；B. wore穿（衣服等），过去式；C.good好的；D. bad坏的。根据上文“They asked for the cows’ bells to be ____1____ at night so they could sleep.”可知，这些抱怨的居民都是因为晚上被牛铃吵到，无法睡觉，所以铃铛取下来了，会睡得很好。故选A。
【14题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：下个月，阿尔旺根的村民们将举行公开会议，投票决定他们的牛铃的未来。A. future未来；B. number数量；C. pressure压力；D. design设计。根据上文叙述的新居民希望在晚上取下牛铃，村里的长期居民和留下来的农民希望保留这种传统可推知，村民的公开会议是投票决定牛铃的未来，决定究竟是取下，还是保留。故选A。
【15题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们将决定如何在不违反噪音污染法的情况下继续发出铃声。A. rise上升；B. continue继续；C. forgive原谅；D. return返回。根据下文“without breaking noise pollution laws”可推知，他们是想在不违反噪音污染法的情况下保留牛铃，让铃声继续。故选B。
语法填空
【答案】
1．written 2．appreciation 3．varies 4．and 5．have become
6．to hang 7．earliest 8．widely 9．is regarded 10．the
周测试卷（二）
满分：100分 测试时间：40分钟。
品词填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
1．It is reported that everyone (在船上) was injured in the accident.
2．Honestly speaking, I do (羡慕) you getting the title of the Excellent Graduate and I should follow your example.
3．The ship would have (下沉) with all on board but for the captain.
4．If you put on (潮湿的) clothes in such weather, you will probably catch cold.
5．Men must consider eating, drinking, clothing and finding shelter before they can pursue entertainment and (消遣)．
6．Engineers carried out a (彻底的)inspection of the track to ensure the safety of the trains.
7．Though the house was shabby, it was neatly decorated with beautifully designed (家具)．
8．Friends are not books, yet books are friends. Friends may betray you, while books are always (忠诚的)．
9．To be honest, I find it difficult to be (热情的) about mathematics while my brother does.
10．This exercise is beneficial to your health and will improve strength and (忍耐力)．
11.He saw the corner of a magazine sticking out from under the (毛毯).
12.She is said to be very (痛苦) about the way she was fired.
13.My heart s because I thought he was going to leave me behind.
14.I don’t know much about it,so I don’t feel (符合资格) to comment.
15.The moment the son was about to go a the ship,they kissed good-bye with tears.
单句语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
1. Kate signed in relief and ___ ___ (sink) down again to her seat.
2.A retired engineer 76-year-old Wilson _____________________(offer) free rights to college students for the past eight years.
3.This lady was (genuine) surprised at what happened to her decent banjo.
4. I have nothing but personal __ ____ (belong) .
5.The lawyer’s advice led to the (resolve) of this difficult problem.
6.The telephone_________ (ring) for almost a minute, why doesn't someone answer it
7 The child was found_______ (abandon) but unharmed.
8.The girl has a great interest in sports and_________________ (take) Badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.
9.He has never stopped trying and showed great (persevere).
10.It was the most extreme example of (cruel) to animals I had ever seen.
阅读理解(共8小题;每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
In our daily life, it’s the unexpected acts of kindness that often bring us the most joy. This is a story about one such act that occurred in the most unlikely of places — a crowded airplane. It’s a reminder that despite the chaos, there’s always time for sympathy, something Kelsey Zwick and her baby experienced in person.
The mom was traveling to the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia with her daughter, who required special medical attention due to her premature birth. The journey was filled with the extra luggage of medical equipment and the concerns of a caring mother. As they were settled into their economy seats, a flight attendant approached with the sweetest offer. Just at that time, a first — class passenger noticed them and wanted to offer his seat, hoping it would provide more comfort for them. On hearing that, Zwick was moved to tears by the gesture.
The flight proceeded smoothly with Zwick and her daughter enjoying the unexpected comfort of first class. However, upon landing, Zwick was unable to find the man, as they lost each other in the crowd. Determined to thank him appropriately, she detailed the encounter, from the struggles of traveling with a baby and medical equipment to the heartfelt exchange with the stranger. Then she posted online the message, expressing thanks and recognition of the man’s generosity.
The story, once shared, caught fire online, receiving over 579,000 shares. The viral nature of this post eventually led to the airline connecting Zwick with the benefactor, Jason Kunselman. In an interview, Kunselman humbly shared his perspective, stressing the importance of kindness. This encounter between Zwick and Kunselman serves as a powerful reminder of the impact a simple act of kindness can have. It’s a call to action for all of us to be more observant and considerate of those around us.
1. Why was Zwick moved on the plane
A. Her baby was looked after on the plane.
B. Her problem was solved by a flight attendant.
C. A first-class passenger offered his seat to her.
D. The passengers on the plane told the story of kindness.
2. Why did Zwick want to find the man
A. To give him the extra fee. B. To express her gratitude.
C. To praise his generosity. D. To make an apology to him.
3. What does the underlined word “benefactor” in paragraph 4 refer to
A. Contributor. B. Reporter. C. Conductor. D. Organizer.
4. What is implied in the story of Zwick
A. Few people care about the persons around us.
B. The story posted online always attracts a lot of fans.
C. A near neighbor is better than a distant cousin.
D. Acts of kindness always start from our considerateness.
B
We all know eating ultra-processed foods that make our lives easier — such as sauces, and frozen pizza — isn’t good for our health. Studies have found they can raise our risk of obesity, heart problems, diabetes and cancer. They may even shorten our lives. Now, a new study has revealed eating more ultra-processed foods may contribute to overall cognitive decline, including the brain executive functioning — the ability to process information and make decisions.
“While in need of further study, the new results are quite compelling and emphasize the critical role for proper nutrition in preserving and promoting brain health and reducing risk for brain diseases,“ said Tanzi, professor at Harvard Medical School. He was not involved in the study but he said in his book, “They, are, very high in sugar, salt and fat, promoting systemic inflammation, perhaps the most major threat to healthy aging. Meanwhile, since they are convenient and quick, they also replace fiber foods important for maintaining the health and balance of bacteria in your gut,” he added, “which is particularly important for brain health and reducing risk of age-related brain diseases like Alzheimer’
The study, presented at the 2022 Alzheimer’s Association International Conference, followed over 10,000 Brazilians for 10 years. “In Brazil, ultra-processed foods make up 25% to 30% of total calorie intake. We have McDonald’s and Burger King. It is not very different from many other Western countries,” said coauthor Dr. Suemoto. Ultra-processed foods are defined as ”industrial formulations of food substances containing little or no whole foods and typically include flavorings, colorings and other chemical additives“ according to the study.
“People consuming over 20% of daily calories from processed foods had a 28% faster decline in global cognition and a 25% faster decline in executive functioning compared to people who not,” said study coauthor Natalia. Those in the study who ate the most ultra-processed foods ware “more likely to be younger, women, White, had higher education and incomes, and were more likely to have never smoked,” the study found.
“People need to know they should cook more,” Suemoto said. “And it’s worth it because you’re going to protect your heart and guard your brain,” she added.
5. What does the underlined word “compelling” mean in Paragraph 2
A. Convincing. B. Surprising. C. Suspicious. D. Invaluable.
6. What do we know from the passage
A. Whoever never cooks is sure to develop Alzheimer.
B. Ultra-processed foods only affect your executive function.
C. Tanzi is the first to find the problem with Ultra-processed foods.
D. Brazilians’calorie intake is not different from most westerners.
7. Who is likely to eat more ultra-processed foods
A. An old beggar. B. A heavy smoker. C. A young professor. D. A low-income man.
8. What’s the main idea of this passage
A. Ultra-processed foods can harm your health.
B. Fiber foods can reduce the risk of Alzheimer.
C. Fiber foods may maintain the balance of bacteria.
D. Ultra-processed foods will lead to cognitive decline.
四、 完形填空(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Two new residents in Aarwangen, a small village in Swiss, complained that the constant ringing of cowbells affect their life. They asked for the cows’ bell to be ___1___ at night so they could sleep.
Long-term residents, and the village’s remaining farmers were ___2___ . They thought it was a (n) ___3___ on their traditional culture. “We want to ___4___ and keep our lived traditions in the future,” they say.
Cowbells have been used in rural Switzerland for centuries. They were once useful for ___5___ cows on the hill side in summer. Farmers say they can___6___ each cow by the sound of its own bell. ___7___ in modern times, many farmers have switched to using electronic chips ___8___ bells.
Over the past few decades, many new___9___ have arrived here from large cities and they are not so____10____ to the traditional way of rural life.
This year’s battle is not the first time that residents have ____11____ cowbells. In 2005, a Zurich appeals (呼吁) court ____12____ a farmer to remove the bells from his 27 cows from 10: 00 to 7: 00 am, because the cows were safe in a small farm and the neighbors could sleep ____13____ .
Next month, Aarwangen’s villagers will gather for a public meeting to vote (投票) on the ____14____ of their bells. They will decide how the sound of the bells can ____15____ without breaking noise pollution laws.
1.
A. marked B. watched C. intended D. removed
2
A. angry B. proud C. frightened D. excited
3.
A. effect B. comment C. attack D. threat
4.
A. study B. preserve C. record D. restore
5.
A. counting B. tracking C. entertaining D. feeding
6.
A. catch B. contact C. spot D. hear
7.
A. Besides B. Therefore C. However D. Meanwhile
8.
A. instead of B. thanks to C. regardless of D. according to
9.
A. residents B. researchers C. tourists D. visitors
10.
A. attracted B. used C. addicted D. related
11.
A. thought over B. gave up C. put on D. complained about
12.
A. hoped B. promised C. ordered D. refused
13.
A. well B. wore C. good D. bad
14.
A. future B. number C. pressure D. design
15.
A. rise B. continue C. forgive D. return
五、语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上。
The Chinese couplet (对联) refers to two poetic lines obeying certain rules, often 1. ________ (write) on red paper for 2.___________ (appreciate).
As a form of Chinese literature, the couplet 2.________ (vary) in content and style. Some express people’s love to their motherland, some describe the beauty of nature, 4. _________ some convey best wishes for the coming year.
Chinese couplets originated in the Five Dynasties, and since then they 5. ___________ (become) commonplace everywhere in China. It was the custom for people 6. __________ (hang) peach wood charms to drive away evil spirits during the Spring Festival. Nowadays, couplets are used in a similar way.
It was said that the 7._________ (early) couplet was created by Meng Chang, king of Later Shu and it was 8___________ (wide) popular in the Northern Song Dynasty. At present, writing couplets 9. __________ (regard) as a mark of the cultured life of scholars.
The couplet has two equal-length lines. However, 10. ______ number of characters in each line can be from four to seven or more. The first and the second lines have opposite tone patterns. The last character of the first line is of an oblique tone, and its opposite in the second line, is of a level tone.
参考答案：
词汇运用：
1. aboard 2. envy 3. sunk
4．damp 5. recreation 6. thorough
7．furniture 8. loyal 9. enthusiastic
10．Endurance
11.blanket 12.bitter 13.sank 14.qualified 15.aboard
单句语法填空：
1.sank 2.has being offering 3.genuinely 4.belongings 5.resolution
6.has been ringing 7.has being taking 8.abandoned 9.perseverance 10.cruelty
阅读理解
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了飞机上一个头等舱的陌生乘客主动与经济舱的一位带有患病婴儿的乘客Zwick交换座位，以便为其提供舒适方便的故事。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句“Just at that time, a first-class passenger noticed them and wanted to offer his seat, hoping it would provide more comfort for them. On hearing that, Zwick was moved to tears by the gesture.(就在这时，一位头等舱乘客注意到了他们，想让座给他们，希望能让他们更舒服。听到这个，兹威克被这个姿态感动得流下了眼泪)”可知，一个头等舱的乘客主动提出跟Zwick换座位，这让Zwick非常感动。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“However, upon landing, Zwick was unable to find the man, as they lost each other in the crowd. Determined to thank him appropriately, she detailed the encounter, from the struggles of traveling with a baby and medical equipment to the heartfelt exchange with the stranger. (然而，着陆后，兹威克无法找到这个人，因为他们在人群中失去了彼此。为了适当地感谢他，她详细描述了这次相遇，从带着婴儿和医疗设备旅行的挣扎，到与陌生人的真诚交流)”可知，兹维克想找那个男人来表达她的感激之情。故选B。
【3题详解】
词句猜测题。根据上文的内容及下文的“In an interview, Kunselman humbly shared his perspective, stressing the importance of kindness.(在一次采访中，Kunselman谦虚地分享了他的观点，强调了善良的重要性)””可知，划线词意为“捐赠者，恩人”，与A项同义。故选A。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“This encounter between Zwick and Kunselman serves as a powerful reminder of the impact a simple act of kindness can have. It’s a call to action for all of us to be more observant and considerate of those around us.(兹威克和昆塞尔曼的相遇有力地提醒了我们，一个简单的善举也能产生巨大的影响。这是对我们所有人的行动呼吁，让我们更加观察和体谅我们周围的人)”可推知，Zwick的故事告诉我们，善举总是从我们的体贴开始的。故选D。
【答案】5. A 6. D 7. C 8. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，吃更多的超加工食品可能会导致整体认知能力下降，包括大脑执行功能——处理信息和做出决定的能力。文章解释了研究开展的过程、发现以及人们对此研究的看法。
【5题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“While in need of further study”以及后文“and emphasize the critical role for proper nutrition in preserving and promoting brain health and reducing risk for brain diseases”可知，while引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”，为让步转折关系，说明虽然还需要进一步的研究，但新的研究结果相当令人信服，并强调了适当的营养在保护和促进大脑健康、降低大脑疾病风险方面的关键作用。故画线词意思是“令人信服的”。故选A。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“In Brazil, ultra-processed foods make up 25% to 30% of total calorie intake. We have McDonald’s and Burger King. It is not very different from many other Western countries(在巴西，超加工食品占总热量摄入的25%至30%。我们有麦当劳和汉堡王。它与许多其他西方国家没有太大不同)”可知，巴西人的卡路里摄入量与大多数西方人没有什么不同。故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Those in the study who ate the most ultra-processed foods ware “more likely to be younger, women, White, had higher education and incomes, and were more likely to have never smoked,” the study found.(研究发现，研究中食用超加工食品最多的人“更可能是年轻人、女性、白人、受过高等教育和收入较高的人，而且更可能从不吸烟”)”可知，一位年轻的教授可能会吃更多的超加工食品。故选C。
【8题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Now, a new study has revealed eating more ultra-processed foods may contribute to overall cognitive decline, including the brain executive functioning — the ability to process information and make decisions.(现在，一项新的研究表明，吃更多的超加工食品可能会导致整体认知能力下降，包括大脑执行功能——处理信息和做出决定的能力)”结合文章解释了研究开展的过程、发现以及人们对此研究的看法。可知，这篇文章的主旨是超加工食品会导致认知能力下降。故选D。
完形填空
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. B 6. D 7. C 8. A 9. A 10. B 11. D 12. C 13. A 14. A 15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了瑞士小村庄阿尔旺根的两名新居民投诉村里不断响起的牛铃声，要求在晚上将牛铃取下以便能够安睡，但是长期居民和农民反对这种改变，认为这是对传统文化的攻击，他们希望维护和保护传统生活方式。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们要求在晚上把牛铃拿掉，这样他们就可以睡觉了。A. marked标记；B. watched注视；C. intended打算；D. removed移除。根据下文“In 2015, a Zurich appeals court ____12____ a farmer to remove the bells from his 27 cows from 10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m.”可知，这两名新居民要求的是在晚上把牛铃拿掉，removed在下文有同词复现。故选D。
【2题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：村里的长期居民和留下来的农民都很生气。A. angry生气的；B. proud自豪的；C. frightened害怕的；D. excited兴奋的。根据下文“We want to ____4____ and maintain our lived traditions in the future”可知，他们想维护自己的生活传统，因此会对新居民的要求感到生气。故选A。
【3题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们认为这是对他们传统文化的攻击。A. effect效果；B. comment评论；C. attack攻击；D. threat威胁。根据下文“We want to ____4____ and maintain our lived traditions in the future”可知，他们想维护自己的生活传统，因此会觉得新居民的要求是对传统文化的攻击。故选C。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们说：“我们希望在未来保护和维护我们的生活传统。”A. study研究；B. preserve保护；C. record记录；D. restore恢复。根据下文“keep our lived traditions in the future”可推知，preserve“保护”符合语境，和keep并列，表示在未来保护和维护这种生活传统。故选B。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们曾经在夏天用来追踪山坡上的奶牛。A. counting计算；B. tracking追踪；C. entertaining娱乐；D. feeding喂养。根据下文“cows on the hill side in summer”可推知，夏天奶牛被放养到山坡上，需要靠牛铃来追踪它们。故选B。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：农民们说，他们可以通过奶牛的铃铛声来听到每头奶牛的叫声。A. catch捕捉；B. contact联系；C. spot发现；D. hear听到。根据下文“by the sound of its own bell”可推知，通过奶牛的铃铛声，这些农民可以确保听到每头奶牛的声音。故选D。
【7题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，在现代，许多农民已经改用电子芯片代替铃铛。A. Besides此外；B. Therefore因此；C. However然而；D. Meanwhile与此同时。根据上文“Cowbells have been used in rural Switzerland for centuries.”和下文“in modern times, many farmers have switched to using electronic chips ____8____ bells”可知，上文描述之前的情况，表明牛铃在瑞士农村已经使用了几个世纪，下文描述现在的情况，表明许多农民已经改用电子芯片， 上下文之间形成转折，应用However“然而”来衔接。故选C。
【8题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：然而，在现代，许多农民已经改用电子芯片代替铃铛。A. instead of代替；B. thanks to由于；C. regardless of不管；D. according to根据。根据上文“many farmers have switched to using electronic chips”可推知，农民们是用电子芯片代替铃铛，起到定位管理奶牛的作用。故选A。
【9题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在过去的几十年里，许多新居民从大城市来到这里，他们不太习惯传统的农村生活方式。A. residents居民；B. researchers研究人员；C. tourists游客；D. visitors参观者。根据本文开头“ Two new residents in Aarwangen, a small village in Swiss, complained that the constant ringing of cowbells affect their life. ”可知，抱怨村子里的牛铃的是新居民，由此推知，是新居民从大城市来到这里。故选A。
【10题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在过去的几十年里，许多新居民从大城市来到这里，他们不太习惯传统的农村生活方式。A. attracted被吸引的；B. used习惯于；C. opposed反对的；D. devoted致力于的。根据上文“Two new residents in Aarwangen, a small village in Swiss, complained that the constant ringing of cowbells affect their life.”可知，新居民抱怨村子里的牛铃，因此是不太习惯传统农村的生活方式，固定短语be used to意为“习惯于”。故选B。
【11题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：今年的斗争并不是居民第一次抱怨牛铃。A. thought over考虑；B. gave up放弃；C. put on穿上；D. complained about抱怨。根据上文“Two new residents in Aarwangen, a small village in Swiss, complained that the constant ringing of cowbells affect their life.”可知，这不是居民第一次抱怨牛铃，complained about“抱怨”和上文的complaints呼应。故选D。
【12题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：2015年，一个苏黎世人上诉法院命令一名农民在晚上10点至早上7点期间从他27头奶牛身上取下铃铛，因为它们在一个小农场里是安全的，邻居们睡得很好。A. hoped希望；B. promised承诺；C. ordered命令；D. refused拒绝。根据上文“a Zurich appeals court”可推知，这个人上诉法院，是想让法院遵循法律，命令农民在这段时间取下铃铛。故选C。
【13题详解】
考查形容词、副词和动词词义辨析。句意：2015年，一个苏黎世人上诉法院命令一名农民在晚上10点至早上7点期间从他的27头奶牛身上取下铃铛，因为牛在一个小农场里是安全的，邻居们睡得很好。A. well好地；B. wore穿（衣服等），过去式；C.good好的；D. bad坏的。根据上文“They asked for the cows’ bells to be ____1____ at night so they could sleep.”可知，这些抱怨的居民都是因为晚上被牛铃吵到，无法睡觉，所以铃铛取下来了，会睡得很好。故选A。
【14题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：下个月，阿尔旺根的村民们将举行公开会议，投票决定他们的牛铃的未来。A. future未来；B. number数量；C. pressure压力；D. design设计。根据上文叙述的新居民希望在晚上取下牛铃，村里的长期居民和留下来的农民希望保留这种传统可推知，村民的公开会议是投票决定牛铃的未来，决定究竟是取下，还是保留。故选A。
【15题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们将决定如何在不违反噪音污染法的情况下继续发出铃声。A. rise上升；B. continue继续；C. forgive原谅；D. return返回。根据下文“without breaking noise pollution laws”可推知，他们是想在不违反噪音污染法的情况下保留牛铃，让铃声继续。故选B。
语法填空
【答案】
1．written 2．appreciation 3．varies 4．and 5．have become
6．to hang 7．earliest 8．widely 9．is regarded 10．the