读后续写中常用的修辞手法比喻
修辞是一种语言运用艺术技巧,通过使用特定的词语、句子结构、修辞手法等,达到理想的表达效果,增强语言艺术性和表现力、感染力。修辞手法主要包括比喻、拟人、排比、夸张等,这些手法通过改变语言形式、结构、音韵、意义等方面来达到修辞效果。在读后续写中,灵活运用修辞手法,有助于避免语言枯燥,提高语言表达效果,使续写情节更生动。常用的修辞手法有比喻、拟人和夸张等。在续写中若能适当运用修辞手法进行细节描写,能加强文章的表现力和感染力。在平时学习中,掌握积累修辞手法并学会灵活运用是提高读后续写的关键。本文详细解读高中阶段常用的英语修辞手法的使用,为了让大家更好地理解并使用各种修辞手法,我们同样为大家整理了一些优美句子。
适当的修辞可以让我们的句子增光添彩。试着比较一下,下面两个句子:
第1个句子:Jenny was very happy. (Jenny很开心。)
第2个句子:Jenny couldn't resist her inner joy, flying into the door like a bird.
(Jenny控制不住内心的喜悦,像小鸟一样飞进了家门。)
第二个用了比喻后,Jenny开心的画面跃然纸上,非常生动。
第一种修辞:比喻
比喻将具有具备共同特征的两种不同事物连接起来的一种修辞手法。分为明喻和暗喻。
修辞1:比喻
比喻是最常见的修辞手法,是以两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比,从而更生动、更深刻地说明道理,增强语言的表现力。比喻分为明喻和和暗喻。
例如:She is an angel.是暗喻;而She is as innocent as an angel.是明喻。
(明喻) Shenzhen is like a melting pot where new ideas are mixed.深圳就像一个混合了新想法的大熔炉。
(暗喻) Shenzhen is a melting pot where new ideas are mixed.深圳是一个混合了新思想的大熔炉。
1)明喻
直接表明本体和喻体的相似之处,常用的明喻标志词有 like, as, seem, as...as, as if, as though, similar to等。
基本格式是:本体+比喻词+喻体。例如:The USA is like a big melting pot where immigrants of different cultures or races form an integrated society. The USA是本体,喻体是melting pot, 比喻词是like, 喻体和本体的相似之处都是拥有“包容”的特点。
和as … as … 相关的词块积累:
as soft as water 柔情似水
as pure as snow 纯净如雪
as clear as crystal 清如水晶
as weak as water 软弱无力,弱不禁风
as unique as a fingerprint 独一无二
as drunk as a mouse 烂醉如泥
●和like相关的词块积累:
like a duck to water 如鱼得水
like a drowned cat 落汤鸡
like a cat on hot bricks 热锅上的蚂蚁
like a rat in a hole 如瓮中之鳖
1.Her laughter was like a warm blanket.她的笑声温暖得像毛毯一样。(情感描写)
2.Her skin was as smooth as silk.她的皮肤像丝绸一样光滑。(人物描写)
3.He walked as if he were drunk.他走起路来摇摇晃晃,好像喝醉了一样。(人物写)
4.Life is an unexplored river,full of twists and turns.生活就像一条未被涉足的河流,有各种曲折。(哲理)
v句型赏析
① Love is like the wind, you can't see it but you can feel it.(情感描写)
爱如风,你看不见,但你能感受到它。
② The house looks something like a castle. (景物描写)
那房子看上去有点像一座城堡。(something like...有点像…)
③ Kyle looked at the test with a stare as blank as his notebook.(情景描写)
Kyle茫然地看着试卷,头脑如同笔记本一样的空白。
④ As in depths of many seas, my heart was drowned in memories.(情绪描写)
如同在大海深处,我的心里沉溺于回忆之中。
⑤ He moved like lightening before the police came. (动作描写)
还没等警察到来,他像闪电一样地跑了。
⑥ The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow.(情景描写)
这个国家,覆盖着樱花,看起来好像被粉红色的雪覆盖着。
⑦ I couldn't move my legs. It was as if they were stuck to the floor. (动作描写)我的腿动不了,就好像给固定在地板上似的。
⑧ The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow.开满樱花的乡村,看起来有如粉红雪铺满地。
⑨ The smile on her face shone like a diamond.她的笑容像宝石一样闪闪发光。
⑩ The scenery along the Lijiang River in Guilin is just like a beautiful landscape painting.桂林漓江的沿途风景就像一幅美丽的山水画。
His heart is as hard as a stone.他铁石心肠。
Her soul is as pure as snow.她的心灵纯洁无比。
2)暗喻
也叫隐喻,本体喻体都出现,中间常用喻词“是”等连接,有时不用喻词。暗喻的典型形式为:甲是乙,而不用like, as等喻词,通常直接用“be, become等词”。
a bed of roses 安乐窝
clean hands 两袖清风
curtain-lecture 枕头风
like mushroom 雨后春笋
mushroom fame 一夜成名
a mushroom millionaire 暴发户
例如Money sometimes is a poison. 钱有时候是一种毒药。
2021年1月高考浙江卷,故事中的“我”万圣节中遇到尴尬事,头被卡在了南瓜里,请看下面的描写:Finally I managed to put my whole head into it, like a cork forced into a bottle.意思是“最后,我把整个头放进了里面,就像软木塞进了瓶子里。”这个句子中,就用到了明喻,“like a cork forced into a bottle”像软木塞进了瓶子里。出现了比喻词“like”。
2018年高考读后续写,讲的是作者和朋友一起骑车游玩,途中遇狼的故事。请看下面的句子:Paul looked out the back window and saw the wolf standing over Mac’s bike as if it were a kill. 意思是“保罗从后窗望出去,看见那只狼站在麦克的自行车上,好像是要杀人似的。”这句话也用到了明喻,比喻词是“好像as if”。
如果你要形容“她”笑得很美,你会怎么写呢?请看这一句:The smile on her face shone like a diamond.她脸上的笑容像钻石一样闪闪发光。
当我们要表达“悲伤”的时候,就可以用下面这句了。肯定要比” I am sad”要有感觉:I feel like I am floating in an ocean of sadness.我感觉自己像漂浮在悲伤的海洋中。
图片如果要表达一个人的脸很冰凉,你会怎么写呢?你可能会用His face was cold.在这里,我们可以用上之前讲解过的“动作细化”原则,再加上今天学习的比喻,I reached out to touch her face, which was as cold as the ice. 我伸手去摸她的脸,发现她的脸像冰一样冰冷。
如果要描写一个女孩的头发很好看,“She has beautiful hair.”实在太普通,请看这句:Her hair was a flowing golden river streaming down her shoulders. 她的头发是一条流淌的金色河流,顺着她的肩膀流淌。
v句型赏析
① Her hair was a flowing golden river streaming down her shoulders. (肖像描写)
她的头发像是一条流淌在她肩上的金色河流。
② Life is an unexplored river. full of twists and turns.(哲理)
生活就像一条未被涉足的河流,有各种曲折。
③ I felt a lump in my throat, tearing welling up in my eyes.(情感描写)
我如鲠在喉,泪水湿润了眼眶。
④ A heavy silence blanketed the room.(环境描写)
整个房子沉浸在一片寂寞中。
⑤ The old man's face is a map of time.(哲理)老人的脸是岁月的写照。
⑥ Life is a ship on the ocean meeting both sunny days and stormy days.生活是一艘在海上航行的船,既会遇到晴天,也会遇到暴风雨天。
⑦ Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face.笑是驱走人们脸上寒意的太阳。
⑧ She is going through a roller coaster of emotions.她正经历着情感的过山车。
⑨ At once, the Eastern and Western Chang’an Roads became roaring oceans.霎时间,东西长安街成了喧腾的大海。
3)Metonymy 借喻,转喻
借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称。
I.以容器代替内容,例如:
1>.The kettle boils. 水开了。
2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着。
II.以资料、工具代替事物的名称,例如:
Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说。
III.以作者代替作品,例如:
a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集
VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:
I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱。
4)Synecdoche 提喻
提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般。
例如:
1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体)
他的厂里约有100名工人。
2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般)
他是本世纪的牛顿。
3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.(整体代部分)
这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配。
5)Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉
这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来,借联想引起感觉转移,“以感觉写感觉”。
通感技巧的运用,能突破语言的局限,丰富表情达意的审美情趣,起到增强文采的艺术效果。比如:欣赏建筑的重复与变化的样式会联想到音乐的重复与变化的节奏;闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体;听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的半透明的纱子;又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“ 微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。
例如:
1>.The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice.(用视觉形容听觉,鸟落在树上,由它发出的声音联想到百合花)
鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似的声音。
2>.Taste the music of Mozart.(用嗅觉形容听觉)
品尝Mozart的音乐。