2024届高考英语二轮复习阅读：推理判断题课件(共34张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2024届高考英语二轮复习阅读：推理判断题课件(共34张PPT) |  | |
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| 文件大小 | 10.7MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-04-06 11:31:20 | ||
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文档简介
(共34张PPT)
Maid
“ I was ironing his school uniform for tomorrow.”
Who might be the murderer And why
Lead-in
Mark and Nancy had a 5-year-old son. On a Saturday afternoon, they went out to celebrate their anniversary. When they returned after dinner, their son was dead.
Baby-sitter
Chef
Inference(推断)
“ I was cutting up meat for tomorrow’s breakfast.”
“ I was cleaning the corners of the house.”
-- A Murder Case
Inference Questions
Reading Comprehension
全国卷类型 总题数 细节理解 推理判断 主旨大意 词义猜测
2023 新高考Ⅰ卷 15 7 6 1 1
新高考Ⅱ卷
15 8
5
1
1
甲卷 15 10 4 0 1
乙卷
15 7
6
1
1
2022 新高考Ⅰ卷 15 6 7 1 1
新高考Ⅱ卷
15 8
4
1
2
甲卷 15 7 4 3 1
乙卷
15 8
5
1
1
2021 新高考Ⅰ卷 15 6 6 2 1
新高考Ⅱ卷 15 11 2 1 1
甲卷 15 6 7 1 1
乙卷 15 7 6 1 1
全国卷近三年阅读理解考点分布
整体上以考查__________和_________为主。
新高考Ⅰ卷中推理判断占比整体高于其他全国卷，说明新高考Ⅰ卷更注考察学生思维能力。
细节理解
推理判断
推理判断题（Inference Questions）
考纲解读：推理判断题属于高层次阅读理解题，要求学生在理解表面文字信息(literal meaning)的基础上，领会作者言外之意(implied meaning)，做出正确的推理和判断。
Part 1 Introduction of Inference Questions
观点态度
Attitude
隐含推断
Implied Meaning
写作意图
Intention
文章出处/目标读者
Source/Target
预测内容
Prediction
...
观点态度
Attitude
隐含推断
Implied Meaning
写作意图
Intention
What can be inferred from the last paragraph
Which of the following best describes Tom’s job
What can we learn about Baby Boomers
Match the types with the inference questions.
What’s Craig’s attitude towards art
What does the author think of himself
What is the purpose of this text
What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou
Part 1 Introduction of Inference Questions
eg. Group 1 are inference questions of ____.
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
推断未明确提及之事
题干含infer/imply/suggest/indicate, can we learn/know, best describe, probably/likely
分为文章意图(近三年未考)和举例意图
题干含purpose, mention
分为作者和人物观点态度
题干含attitude, think of...
1. 非原文中直接细节，须为推断所得；
2. 不出现绝对概念，如only, absolutely, all等；
3. 用词模糊化，表达有余地，出现can, could, possibly, sometimes, usually等。
锁定题干
定位原文
解读原文
合理推断
比较选项
选出答案
Part 2 Tips for Inference Questions
解题过程：
推断题答案特点：
eg.1. (2021新高考Ⅰ卷D篇)Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis on emotion by employers educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
Tip 1: 主旨定乾坤 (Main idea)
Part 2 Tips for Inference Questions
The answer agrees with the topic sentence (main idea).
topic sentence
All the examples, details and quotes should center around the main idea.
What is the purpose of the paragraph
A. To express how lucky he was.
B. To show his good quality of not wasting.
C. To advocate people to lead a thrifty life.
D. To prove his success as an iconic figure.
Tip 1:主旨定乾坤 (main idea)
直奔中心句 (topic sentence)
Part 2 Tips for Inference Questions
逻辑词后
Other logic words
However, therefore, but, nevertheless...
How to find the main idea
eg. 2. Zong Qinghou was the founder and chairman of Hangzhou Wahaha Group. Although he was one of the most iconic figures in Chinese business history, he led a simple and thrifty(节俭的) life. It was common to see him dressed in a white shirt and black cloth shoes. He once said, “I am an ordinary person, but luckily I was born in such an era.”
eg. 3. In March 2017, a five-year-old girl who was locked at home alone and left to watch cartoons jumped from the 11th floor with an umbrella in imitation of a cartoon scene. In Shaanxi Province, a 10-year-old girl cut off her younger sister’s nose with an electric saw in March 2016, after watching a similar scene in a cartoon.
Tip 1: 主旨定乾坤 (main idea)
抓关键找共性 (to summarize)
Part 2 Tips for Inference Questions
Cartoon scenes can lead to children doing dangerous things.
Main idea：
children
dangerous things
cartoon scenes
What can we infer from the paragraph
A. Children shouldn’t watch cartoons.
B. Children are very good at imitating.
C. Children shouldn’t be left at home alone.
D. Children can be misled by cartoon scenes.
2. (2022全国乙卷B篇) They(the girls) moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.
What can we learn about the girls A.They enjoyed much respect. B.They had a room with a bathtub.C.They lived with the local kids. D.They suffered severe hardships.
3.(2023全国甲卷C篇)Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work in the context of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. This, more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life.
Why does the author list great philosophers
A. To compare Weiner with them.
B. To give examples of great works. C. To praise their writing skills.
D. To help readers understand Weiner’s book.
Practice for Tip 1 (main idea)
1. (2023新高考Ⅱ卷C篇) Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity.
What does the author want to say by mentioning the e-reader
A. The printed book is not totally out of date.
B. Technology has changed the way we read.
C. Our lives in the 21st century are networked.
D. People now rarely have the patience to read.
What does the author want to say by mentioning the e-reader
A. The printed book is not totally out of date.
B. Technology has changed the way we read.
C. Our lives in the 21st century are networked.
D. People now rarely have the patience to read.
1. (2023新高考Ⅱ卷C篇) Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity.
Practice for Tip 1 (main idea)
topic sentence
Practice for Tip 1 (main idea)
What can we learn about the girls A. They enjoyed much respect. B. They had a room with a bathtub.C. They lived with the local kids. D. They suffered severe hardships.
2. (2022全国乙卷B篇) They(the girls) moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.
Main idea: Their living conditions are _______.
terrible
3. (2023全国甲卷C篇) Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work in the context (背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. This, more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life.
Practice for Tip 1 (main idea)
Why does the author list great philosophers
A. To compare Weiner with them.
B. To give examples of great works. C. To praise their writing skills.
D. To help readers understand Weiner’s book.
The answer is a paraphrase (同义替换) of the main idea.
Main idea: To _________ the book.
introduce
eg.1. (2021新高考Ⅰ卷B篇) “A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don’t turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot.” Mr Titterton explained.
Part 2 Tips for Inference Questions
Tip 2：同义替换 (paraphrase)
Using words with the same or similar meaning to retell a sentence without changing its meaning.
The answer is often a paraphrase of the text.
Which of the following best describe Titterton’s job on stage
A. Boring. B. Well-paid. C. Demanding. D. Dangerous.
needing lots of skills
Part 2 Tips for Inference Questions
1.___________ straightforward→frank
2.__________ high school and college graduates→students
3.______benefit→ beneficial
4. ________
agree→disagree
5.______ impress →be impressed by
Paraphrase: Zhang Xuefeng is always f______ when offering advice on major selection to s_______, which has been b________ to students. Although some professors d_______ with his opinion, the public is i_________ by his realistic consideration for students .
tudents
eneficial
isagree
mpressed
rank
同义/近义词
上/下义词
How are the underlined words paraphrased
Zhang Xuefeng is always straightforward when offering advice on major selection to high school and college graduates, which has benefited students. Though some professors don’t agree with his opinion, his realistic consideration for students impresses the society.
thumb up...
Part 2 Tips for Inference Questions
上/下义词替换
2. b_____ l________
clap
1. g_____
facial
expressions
3. s_____
6. ____
senses
smelling
hearing
seeing
tasting
touching
mile
ody
anguage
wave
4. f_____
rown
5. w___
estures
ink
Tip 2：同义替换 (paraphrase)
Zhang Xuefeng is always straightforward when offering advice on major selection to high school and college graduates, which has benefited students. Though some professors don’t agree with his opinion, his realistic consideration for students impresses the society.
How are the underlined words paraphrased
Part 2 Tips for Inference Questions
1.___________ straightforward→frank
2.__________ high school and college graduates→students
3.______benefit→ beneficial
4. ________
agree→disagree
5.______ impress →be impressed by
Paraphrase: Zhang Xuefeng is always f______ when offering advice on major selection to s_______, which has been b________ to students. Although some professors d_______ with his opinion, the public is i_________ by his realistic consideration for students .
tudents
eneficial
isagree
mpressed
rank
同义/近义词
上/下义词
同根词
反义词
变语态
Eg. 2. (2023全国甲卷C篇) The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging...
Part 2 Tips for Inference Questions
1. 同义/近义词
2. 同根词
Tip 2：同义替换 (paraphrase)
3. 上/下义词
4. 反义词
5. 变语态
多重替换
同时运用多种同义替换方式
What does the author think of Weiner’s book
A. Objective and plain. B. Daring and ambitious.
C. Serious and hard to follow. D. Humorous and straightforward.
simplicity→ simple → straightforward
1.(2022新高考Ⅱ卷D篇) Dr. Nieca Goldberg, a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association, says Levine’s findings are a great start. But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.
What does Dr. Nieca suggest
A. Making use of the findings.
B. Interviewing the study participants.
C. Conducting further research.
D. Clarifying the purpose of the study.
2. (2021全国乙卷B篇) More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor－only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers who’ve perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn’t the only factor; I’d say it’s also to do with the makeup of your household.
What can we say about Baby Boomers
A. They like smart phones games.
B. They enjoy guessing caller’s identity.
C. They keep using landline phones.
D. They are attached to their family.
Practice for Tip 2 (paraphrase)
1.(2022新高考Ⅱ卷D篇) Dr. Nieca Goldberg, a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association, says Levine’s findings are a great start. But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.
What does Dr. Nieca suggest
A. Making use of the findings.
B. Interviewing the study participants.
C. Conducting further research.
D. Clarifying the purpose of the study.
Practice for Tip 2 (paraphrase)
What can we say about Baby Boomers
A. They like smart phones games.
B. They enjoy guessing caller’s identity.
C. They keep using landline phones.
D. They are attached to their family.
Practice for Tip 2 (paraphrase)
2. (2021全国乙卷B篇) More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor－only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers who’ve perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn’t the only factor; I’d say it’s also to do with the makeup of your household.
1. (2022新高考Ⅰ卷C篇) Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.” Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”
What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs
2.(2021全国乙卷C篇) Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that’s part of Von Wongs artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.
Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragragh3
Part 3 Competition
Design a correct answer for the inference question.
3. (2022新高考Ⅱ卷B篇) Sorry, kid. This book is not part of your high-tech world. It’s an outdated, lifeless thing. An antique, like your grandfather. Well, I may be old, but I’m not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit video and produce audio. I use mobile payment. I’ve even built websites.
What does the author think of himself
1. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs
A. It is well received. B. It needs to be more creative.C. It is highly profitable. D. It takes ages to see the results.
3. What does the author think of himself
A. Socially ambitious. B. Physically attractive.
C. Financially independent. D. Digitally competent.
2. Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragragh3
A. To show the difficulty of their recycling.
B. To explain why they are useful.
C. To voice his views on modern art.
D. To find a substitute for them.
Part 3 Competition
Design a correct answer for the inference question.
What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs
A. It is well received. B. It needs to be more creative.C. It is highly profitable. D. It takes ages to see the results.
Design a correct answer for the inference question.
Part 3 Competition
1. (2022新高考Ⅰ卷C篇) Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.” Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”
Main idea: The project receives wide recognition.
/People are positive about the project.
Design a correct answer for the inference question.
Part 3 Competition
2.(2021全国乙卷C篇) Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source of plastic pollution, but they've recently come under fire because most people don't need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that' s part of Von Wongs artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.
Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragragh3
A. To show the difficulty of their recycling
B. To explain why they are useful.
C. To voice his views on modern art.
D. To find a substitute for them.
Main idea: Plastic straws can’t be recycled easily.
3. (2022新高考Ⅱ卷B篇) Sorry, kid. This book is not part of your high-tech world. It’s an outdated, lifeless thing. An antique, like your grandfather. Well, I may be old, but I'm not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit video and produce audio. I use mobile payment. I've even built websites.
not challenged digitally
Design a correct answer for the inference questions.
Part 3 Competition
What does the author think of himself
A. Socially ambitious. B. Physically attractive.
C. Financially independent. D. Digitally competent.
Design a correct answer for the questions.
Part 3 Competition
4.(2022新高考Ⅰ卷B篇) Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story
A. We pay little attention to food waste.
B. We waste food unintentionally at times.
C. We waste more vegetables than meat.
D. We have good reasons for wasting food.
Main idea: Though I didn’t mean to waste food, I still did.
用词模糊不____
观点态度
Attitude
隐含推断
Implied meaning
写作意图
Intention
Part 3 Summary for Inference Questions
推断紧随____动
________寻影踪
____词后在句中
____词句莫放松
助力推理定成功
词句转换成选项
同__同__本就像
__义语态也一样
__义__义皆可傍
____转换细思量
主旨
段首段尾
逻辑
关键
义
根
反
上
下
答案须从____推
绝对
文中
多重
主旨定乾坤
同义替换
Homework
Finish the exercise. (3 parts)
Part 1: Find the main idea
Part 2: Paraphrase the sentences
Part 3: Reading comprehension for inference questions
THANK YOU
2021年·新高考全国Ⅰ卷·D We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.2. Why does the author mention "doctor" and "cheater" in paragraph 2 A.To explain a rule. B.To clarify a concept.C.To present a fact. D.To make a prediction.
Part 3 Exercise
6. (2022全国乙卷D篇)Today’s figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy
A. It is a short-sighted decision. B. It is a success story.C. It benefits manufacturers. D. It upsets customers.
1. (2022新高考Ⅱ卷B篇) There's one notable gap in my new-media experience, however: I've spent little time in front of a camera, since I have a face made for radio. But that didn't stop China Daily from asking me last week to share a personal story for a video project about the integration of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei province.
Anyway, grandpa is now an internet star－two minutes of fame! I promise not to let it go to my head. But I will make sure my 2-year-old grandson sees it on his tablet.
What can we learn about the author as a journalist
A.He lacks experience in his job. B.He seldom appears on TV.
C.He manages a video department. D.He often interviews internet stars.
Practice for Tip 2 (paraphrase)
Part 3 Exercise
9. (2023新高考Ⅰ卷B篇) Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage(污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou
A. To review John’s research plans.
B. To show an application of John’s idea.
C. To compare John’s different jobs.
D. To erase doubts about John’s invention.
Main idea: He invented things and applied them to solving problems.
Maid
“ I was ironing his school uniform for tomorrow.”
Who might be the murderer And why
Lead-in
Mark and Nancy had a 5-year-old son. On a Saturday afternoon, they went out to celebrate their anniversary. When they returned after dinner, their son was dead.
Baby-sitter
Chef
Inference(推断)
“ I was cutting up meat for tomorrow’s breakfast.”
“ I was cleaning the corners of the house.”
-- A Murder Case
Inference Questions
Reading Comprehension
全国卷类型 总题数 细节理解 推理判断 主旨大意 词义猜测
2023 新高考Ⅰ卷 15 7 6 1 1
新高考Ⅱ卷
15 8
5
1
1
甲卷 15 10 4 0 1
乙卷
15 7
6
1
1
2022 新高考Ⅰ卷 15 6 7 1 1
新高考Ⅱ卷
15 8
4
1
2
甲卷 15 7 4 3 1
乙卷
15 8
5
1
1
2021 新高考Ⅰ卷 15 6 6 2 1
新高考Ⅱ卷 15 11 2 1 1
甲卷 15 6 7 1 1
乙卷 15 7 6 1 1
全国卷近三年阅读理解考点分布
整体上以考查__________和_________为主。
新高考Ⅰ卷中推理判断占比整体高于其他全国卷，说明新高考Ⅰ卷更注考察学生思维能力。
细节理解
推理判断
推理判断题（Inference Questions）
考纲解读：推理判断题属于高层次阅读理解题，要求学生在理解表面文字信息(literal meaning)的基础上，领会作者言外之意(implied meaning)，做出正确的推理和判断。
Part 1 Introduction of Inference Questions
观点态度
Attitude
隐含推断
Implied Meaning
写作意图
Intention
文章出处/目标读者
Source/Target
预测内容
Prediction
...
观点态度
Attitude
隐含推断
Implied Meaning
写作意图
Intention
What can be inferred from the last paragraph
Which of the following best describes Tom’s job
What can we learn about Baby Boomers
Match the types with the inference questions.
What’s Craig’s attitude towards art
What does the author think of himself
What is the purpose of this text
What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou
Part 1 Introduction of Inference Questions
eg. Group 1 are inference questions of ____.
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
推断未明确提及之事
题干含infer/imply/suggest/indicate, can we learn/know, best describe, probably/likely
分为文章意图(近三年未考)和举例意图
题干含purpose, mention
分为作者和人物观点态度
题干含attitude, think of...
1. 非原文中直接细节，须为推断所得；
2. 不出现绝对概念，如only, absolutely, all等；
3. 用词模糊化，表达有余地，出现can, could, possibly, sometimes, usually等。
锁定题干
定位原文
解读原文
合理推断
比较选项
选出答案
Part 2 Tips for Inference Questions
解题过程：
推断题答案特点：
eg.1. (2021新高考Ⅰ卷D篇)Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis on emotion by employers educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
Tip 1: 主旨定乾坤 (Main idea)
Part 2 Tips for Inference Questions
The answer agrees with the topic sentence (main idea).
topic sentence
All the examples, details and quotes should center around the main idea.
What is the purpose of the paragraph
A. To express how lucky he was.
B. To show his good quality of not wasting.
C. To advocate people to lead a thrifty life.
D. To prove his success as an iconic figure.
Tip 1:主旨定乾坤 (main idea)
直奔中心句 (topic sentence)
Part 2 Tips for Inference Questions
逻辑词后
Other logic words
However, therefore, but, nevertheless...
How to find the main idea
eg. 2. Zong Qinghou was the founder and chairman of Hangzhou Wahaha Group. Although he was one of the most iconic figures in Chinese business history, he led a simple and thrifty(节俭的) life. It was common to see him dressed in a white shirt and black cloth shoes. He once said, “I am an ordinary person, but luckily I was born in such an era.”
eg. 3. In March 2017, a five-year-old girl who was locked at home alone and left to watch cartoons jumped from the 11th floor with an umbrella in imitation of a cartoon scene. In Shaanxi Province, a 10-year-old girl cut off her younger sister’s nose with an electric saw in March 2016, after watching a similar scene in a cartoon.
Tip 1: 主旨定乾坤 (main idea)
抓关键找共性 (to summarize)
Part 2 Tips for Inference Questions
Cartoon scenes can lead to children doing dangerous things.
Main idea：
children
dangerous things
cartoon scenes
What can we infer from the paragraph
A. Children shouldn’t watch cartoons.
B. Children are very good at imitating.
C. Children shouldn’t be left at home alone.
D. Children can be misled by cartoon scenes.
2. (2022全国乙卷B篇) They(the girls) moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.
What can we learn about the girls A.They enjoyed much respect. B.They had a room with a bathtub.C.They lived with the local kids. D.They suffered severe hardships.
3.(2023全国甲卷C篇)Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work in the context of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. This, more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life.
Why does the author list great philosophers
A. To compare Weiner with them.
B. To give examples of great works. C. To praise their writing skills.
D. To help readers understand Weiner’s book.
Practice for Tip 1 (main idea)
1. (2023新高考Ⅱ卷C篇) Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity.
What does the author want to say by mentioning the e-reader
A. The printed book is not totally out of date.
B. Technology has changed the way we read.
C. Our lives in the 21st century are networked.
D. People now rarely have the patience to read.
What does the author want to say by mentioning the e-reader
A. The printed book is not totally out of date.
B. Technology has changed the way we read.
C. Our lives in the 21st century are networked.
D. People now rarely have the patience to read.
1. (2023新高考Ⅱ卷C篇) Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity.
Practice for Tip 1 (main idea)
topic sentence
Practice for Tip 1 (main idea)
What can we learn about the girls A. They enjoyed much respect. B. They had a room with a bathtub.C. They lived with the local kids. D. They suffered severe hardships.
2. (2022全国乙卷B篇) They(the girls) moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.
Main idea: Their living conditions are _______.
terrible
3. (2023全国甲卷C篇) Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work in the context (背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. This, more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life.
Practice for Tip 1 (main idea)
Why does the author list great philosophers
A. To compare Weiner with them.
B. To give examples of great works. C. To praise their writing skills.
D. To help readers understand Weiner’s book.
The answer is a paraphrase (同义替换) of the main idea.
Main idea: To _________ the book.
introduce
eg.1. (2021新高考Ⅰ卷B篇) “A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don’t turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot.” Mr Titterton explained.
Part 2 Tips for Inference Questions
Tip 2：同义替换 (paraphrase)
Using words with the same or similar meaning to retell a sentence without changing its meaning.
The answer is often a paraphrase of the text.
Which of the following best describe Titterton’s job on stage
A. Boring. B. Well-paid. C. Demanding. D. Dangerous.
needing lots of skills
Part 2 Tips for Inference Questions
1.___________ straightforward→frank
2.__________ high school and college graduates→students
3.______benefit→ beneficial
4. ________
agree→disagree
5.______ impress →be impressed by
Paraphrase: Zhang Xuefeng is always f______ when offering advice on major selection to s_______, which has been b________ to students. Although some professors d_______ with his opinion, the public is i_________ by his realistic consideration for students .
tudents
eneficial
isagree
mpressed
rank
同义/近义词
上/下义词
How are the underlined words paraphrased
Zhang Xuefeng is always straightforward when offering advice on major selection to high school and college graduates, which has benefited students. Though some professors don’t agree with his opinion, his realistic consideration for students impresses the society.
thumb up...
Part 2 Tips for Inference Questions
上/下义词替换
2. b_____ l________
clap
1. g_____
facial
expressions
3. s_____
6. ____
senses
smelling
hearing
seeing
tasting
touching
mile
ody
anguage
wave
4. f_____
rown
5. w___
estures
ink
Tip 2：同义替换 (paraphrase)
Zhang Xuefeng is always straightforward when offering advice on major selection to high school and college graduates, which has benefited students. Though some professors don’t agree with his opinion, his realistic consideration for students impresses the society.
How are the underlined words paraphrased
Part 2 Tips for Inference Questions
1.___________ straightforward→frank
2.__________ high school and college graduates→students
3.______benefit→ beneficial
4. ________
agree→disagree
5.______ impress →be impressed by
Paraphrase: Zhang Xuefeng is always f______ when offering advice on major selection to s_______, which has been b________ to students. Although some professors d_______ with his opinion, the public is i_________ by his realistic consideration for students .
tudents
eneficial
isagree
mpressed
rank
同义/近义词
上/下义词
同根词
反义词
变语态
Eg. 2. (2023全国甲卷C篇) The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging...
Part 2 Tips for Inference Questions
1. 同义/近义词
2. 同根词
Tip 2：同义替换 (paraphrase)
3. 上/下义词
4. 反义词
5. 变语态
多重替换
同时运用多种同义替换方式
What does the author think of Weiner’s book
A. Objective and plain. B. Daring and ambitious.
C. Serious and hard to follow. D. Humorous and straightforward.
simplicity→ simple → straightforward
1.(2022新高考Ⅱ卷D篇) Dr. Nieca Goldberg, a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association, says Levine’s findings are a great start. But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.
What does Dr. Nieca suggest
A. Making use of the findings.
B. Interviewing the study participants.
C. Conducting further research.
D. Clarifying the purpose of the study.
2. (2021全国乙卷B篇) More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor－only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers who’ve perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn’t the only factor; I’d say it’s also to do with the makeup of your household.
What can we say about Baby Boomers
A. They like smart phones games.
B. They enjoy guessing caller’s identity.
C. They keep using landline phones.
D. They are attached to their family.
Practice for Tip 2 (paraphrase)
1.(2022新高考Ⅱ卷D篇) Dr. Nieca Goldberg, a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association, says Levine’s findings are a great start. But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.
What does Dr. Nieca suggest
A. Making use of the findings.
B. Interviewing the study participants.
C. Conducting further research.
D. Clarifying the purpose of the study.
Practice for Tip 2 (paraphrase)
What can we say about Baby Boomers
A. They like smart phones games.
B. They enjoy guessing caller’s identity.
C. They keep using landline phones.
D. They are attached to their family.
Practice for Tip 2 (paraphrase)
2. (2021全国乙卷B篇) More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor－only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers who’ve perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn’t the only factor; I’d say it’s also to do with the makeup of your household.
1. (2022新高考Ⅰ卷C篇) Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.” Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”
What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs
2.(2021全国乙卷C篇) Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that’s part of Von Wongs artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.
Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragragh3
Part 3 Competition
Design a correct answer for the inference question.
3. (2022新高考Ⅱ卷B篇) Sorry, kid. This book is not part of your high-tech world. It’s an outdated, lifeless thing. An antique, like your grandfather. Well, I may be old, but I’m not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit video and produce audio. I use mobile payment. I’ve even built websites.
What does the author think of himself
1. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs
A. It is well received. B. It needs to be more creative.C. It is highly profitable. D. It takes ages to see the results.
3. What does the author think of himself
A. Socially ambitious. B. Physically attractive.
C. Financially independent. D. Digitally competent.
2. Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragragh3
A. To show the difficulty of their recycling.
B. To explain why they are useful.
C. To voice his views on modern art.
D. To find a substitute for them.
Part 3 Competition
Design a correct answer for the inference question.
What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs
A. It is well received. B. It needs to be more creative.C. It is highly profitable. D. It takes ages to see the results.
Design a correct answer for the inference question.
Part 3 Competition
1. (2022新高考Ⅰ卷C篇) Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.” Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”
Main idea: The project receives wide recognition.
/People are positive about the project.
Design a correct answer for the inference question.
Part 3 Competition
2.(2021全国乙卷C篇) Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source of plastic pollution, but they've recently come under fire because most people don't need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that' s part of Von Wongs artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.
Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragragh3
A. To show the difficulty of their recycling
B. To explain why they are useful.
C. To voice his views on modern art.
D. To find a substitute for them.
Main idea: Plastic straws can’t be recycled easily.
3. (2022新高考Ⅱ卷B篇) Sorry, kid. This book is not part of your high-tech world. It’s an outdated, lifeless thing. An antique, like your grandfather. Well, I may be old, but I'm not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit video and produce audio. I use mobile payment. I've even built websites.
not challenged digitally
Design a correct answer for the inference questions.
Part 3 Competition
What does the author think of himself
A. Socially ambitious. B. Physically attractive.
C. Financially independent. D. Digitally competent.
Design a correct answer for the questions.
Part 3 Competition
4.(2022新高考Ⅰ卷B篇) Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story
A. We pay little attention to food waste.
B. We waste food unintentionally at times.
C. We waste more vegetables than meat.
D. We have good reasons for wasting food.
Main idea: Though I didn’t mean to waste food, I still did.
用词模糊不____
观点态度
Attitude
隐含推断
Implied meaning
写作意图
Intention
Part 3 Summary for Inference Questions
推断紧随____动
________寻影踪
____词后在句中
____词句莫放松
助力推理定成功
词句转换成选项
同__同__本就像
__义语态也一样
__义__义皆可傍
____转换细思量
主旨
段首段尾
逻辑
关键
义
根
反
上
下
答案须从____推
绝对
文中
多重
主旨定乾坤
同义替换
Homework
Finish the exercise. (3 parts)
Part 1: Find the main idea
Part 2: Paraphrase the sentences
Part 3: Reading comprehension for inference questions
THANK YOU
2021年·新高考全国Ⅰ卷·D We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.2. Why does the author mention "doctor" and "cheater" in paragraph 2 A.To explain a rule. B.To clarify a concept.C.To present a fact. D.To make a prediction.
Part 3 Exercise
6. (2022全国乙卷D篇)Today’s figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy
A. It is a short-sighted decision. B. It is a success story.C. It benefits manufacturers. D. It upsets customers.
1. (2022新高考Ⅱ卷B篇) There's one notable gap in my new-media experience, however: I've spent little time in front of a camera, since I have a face made for radio. But that didn't stop China Daily from asking me last week to share a personal story for a video project about the integration of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei province.
Anyway, grandpa is now an internet star－two minutes of fame! I promise not to let it go to my head. But I will make sure my 2-year-old grandson sees it on his tablet.
What can we learn about the author as a journalist
A.He lacks experience in his job. B.He seldom appears on TV.
C.He manages a video department. D.He often interviews internet stars.
Practice for Tip 2 (paraphrase)
Part 3 Exercise
9. (2023新高考Ⅰ卷B篇) Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage(污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou
A. To review John’s research plans.
B. To show an application of John’s idea.
C. To compare John’s different jobs.
D. To erase doubts about John’s invention.
Main idea: He invented things and applied them to solving problems.