非限制性定语从句&必修第二册 Unit1-Unit3 知识回顾
目录 温习知识：温习知识(词汇，易错考点) 语法导航：温习语法知识 写作导航：温习重点写作 小试牛刀：核心单词语法填空+能力提升
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Unit
1 Cultural Heritage
)
former adj. 以前 的 ； （两 者 中 ） 前 者 的 n. 前者 ...; the latter... 前者.... ；后者....
preserve (1)vt.保存;保护;维持 preserve ... ... 保护...免受.... preserve sth. for... 为....而保存某物 (2) n.保护区 nature preserve 自然保护区 well-preserved adj.保存良好的 (3) n.保存,保留
promote vt.促进;提升;推 销;晋级 promote sb. (from sth.) to sth. 把某人（从某职位）提升到某职位 n. 提升；晋级；促进 get/win promotion 获得晋级
application n. 申请(表); 用途;运用;应用(程序) (1) apply vt.涂,敷;应用,运用;(后常接 oneself)使致力(于),使专心从事(+to) vi. 申 请;应用,使用;适用 申请,请求 apply (to sb) for... (向某人)申请…… apply oneself to 专心致志于 apply...to... 把……运用到…… 中去;将……涂抹 到……上面 (2) n. 申请人 (3) adj.应用的;实用的 applied science 应用科学
balance n. 平衡；均匀 v. 使平衡 balance between ... and... 平衡...与... 保持/失去平衡 adj.平衡的 keep a balanced diet 保持一个健康的饮食 keep a balance between... and... 保持...与... 的平衡 keep the balance of nature 保持生态平衡
limit vt. 限制;限定, n. 限 度, 限制 adj.有限的 n. 限度；局限 limit... to... 把... 限制到... be limited to 局限于.....
contribution n.捐款；贡 献；捐赠 对....做出贡献 vi.&vt. 捐献；捐助 contribute sth to.... 把某物捐献给.... contribute to 有助于；捐献；导致；投稿
worthwhile adj. 值得做 的；值得花时间的 （1）It’s worthwhile to do/doing sth. 做……是值得的 （2） adj.& n. 值…… 的;价值 be worth +some money 值多少钱 be (well) worth doing ……(非常)值得被做(主动形式表被动意义) of being done （3） adj.值得的 be worthy to be done 值得…… of +n.
contrast n. 对 比 ; 对 照 vt.对比;对照 by contrast 相比之下；相反 in contrast (to/with) 与 …相比较 contrast to 对比；对照
单词变形练习.
1. I’m sorry to tell you that the entrance the museum was closed for renovations(维修).
2. Dragon Dance and Lion Dance are (tradition) performed during the Spring Festival.
3. We could do nothing but wait for (far)information, though it is not what we wish to do.
4. If you (comparison) this book with that one, you will find this one much more interesting.
5. wasn’t worthwhile to continue the project.
6. He was awarded a prize for his (contribute) to world peace.
7. Martin’s idea was to create some interesting (image) and then move on to another subject.
8. Everyone is (limit) in his energy, so we cannot do everything all by ourselves.
9. The (history) building is as much part of our heritage as the paintings.
10. With the development of science and technology, many of today’s medical images are processed
(digital).
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Unit 2 Wildlife Prot
ection
)
die out 灭亡;逐渐消失 逐渐模糊;逐渐消失;逐渐减弱 逐渐变弱;逐渐暗淡; 逐渐平息 相继死去;先后死 死于
aware adj. 知 道 ; 发 觉 ; 有…… 意识的 be aware of 意识到;知道 be aware that...意识到…… n.知道;意识;认识;兴趣 adj.没意识到;未察觉;不知 道
concerned adj. 担心的; vt. 涉及;让……担忧 concerning prep.关于
关切的 be concerned about as far as...be concerned
adapt vi. 适应 vt. 使 适应;使适合 n.适应 adj.能适应的 adapt to adapt oneself to
measure n. 措施; 方法 vt. 测量;度量;估量 vi. 长(宽、高等)为 采取措施 make...to sb’s measure 按照某人的尺寸做…… n.测量
make out ( 勉强) 看 出; 辨认出;听出 make up 组成;化妆;构成;编造(故事);弥补 make up with sb 与…… 言归于好 make for 向 ……移动;促成 make the most of sth 充分利用
observe vt. 观察(到);注 视;遵守 observe sb doing sth 注意某人在做某事 observe traffic rules 遵守交通规则 observe sb do sth 注意某人做了某事 observe the festivals 庆祝节日 n. 观察;观测
attack n.,vi.& vt. 攻 击 ; 抨击 under attack 遭到袭击 a heart attack 心脏病发作 make an attack on...对……发起攻击
recover vi. 恢 复 ; 康 复 vt.寻回;找回 n.恢复;痊愈;改善;复苏;收回 adj.可收回的;可重新获得的 vt.揭开盖子;揭露 sth 从…… 中恢复过来
intend vi.& vt. 打算; 计 划;想要 intend doing/to do sth 打算做某事 intend sb to do sth 想要某人去做某事 intend that... 打算…… be intended for... 为……打算(或设计)的 with the intention of 有…… 的意图
exist vi. 存在;生存 n.存在 adj. 现存的;现有的 come into existence/being 产生;存在
harmony n. 和谐;融洽 adj. 协调的;和谐的 (be) in harmony with...与……协调 (be) out of harmony with... 与……不协调
threaten vt. 威胁;危及 n. 威胁 adj. 恐吓的;威胁的 adj. 受 到威胁的 threaten sb. with sth. 用某事威胁某人 threaten (sb.) to do sth 威胁某人做某事
due adj. 由于; 因为; 到期的;预期的 由于;因为 be due to do sth 预期做某事
单词变形练习
1. Do you think the film (adapt) is faithful to the book
2. This traditional Chinese medicine is very (effect) in relieving COVID-19.
3. One of the (beautiful) of living here is that it’s so peaceful.
4. To our surprise, the disease has spread at an (alarm) rate.
5. Many languages including Chinese are all (live) languages.
6. To protect my computer from (attack) by hackers, I equipped it with anti-virus software.
7. (plain), he is interested in her present appearance and manner.
8. It’s well known that money can be exchanged for (good) or services.
9. A great many species in the world are at the edge of (extinct).
10. One day the cat was caught in a trap laid by a (hunt).
11. He didn't answer my question (immediate), which made me very upset.
12. As far as I'm (concern), it's everyone's duty to protect the environment.
13. I've got a (reserve) for two nights.
14. The university is known for its language and culture courses (intend) for international students.
15. The boy (removed)from school because of fighting with others.
16. Halley made his discovery by means of his own careful (observe).
17. Those who hunt animals (illegal) will be punished by law.
18. He gained weight after (recover) from his illness.
19. It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some (measure) over 90 meters.
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Unit3 The Internet
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look up (1) (在词典、参考书 或通过电脑)查阅, 检 查 (2) 抬头往上看 (3)（生意、某人情况 等）好转，改善 归纳拓展：look up to sb look into sth look back on sth look down on sb look forward to (doing) sth look on sb/sth as... 把……看作…… look out for 当心;小心
identify vt. 认出;确认 n. 识别;鉴定;确 (1) n.［C ，U］身份 identity card（ID card）身份证 identity theft 身份盗窃 (2)n.［U］（区别人或群体的）特性 a sense of identity 自我认同感
民族/文化/社会认同
convenient be convenient for sb/sth 对某人/某事来说是方便的 It is convenient for sb to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是方便的 A is convenient for/to B A 到 B 近 归纳拓展:(1) n.方便;便利 at one’s convenience 在某人方便的时候 for (the sake of )convenience 为方便起见 (2) adj.不方便的;不便利的 (3) n.不 方便;不便利
stuck adj. 卡住； 陷 入 be/get stuck in … . 被卡在/被困在 … . be/ get stuck on … . 被 …难住 … 归纳拓展:stick (stuck, stuck) vt&vi. 刺，插入；粘贴 vi. 卡住 n.[C]枝条；棍状物 stick to 坚持
benefit (1)n. [U,C] 益处，优势 for the benefit of sb = for sb’s benefit 为了某人的利益 be of benefit to 对……有益 (2)vi. 得益于 vt. 使受益，对某人有用 benefit from sth. 得益于某事 benefit sb. 使某人受益，对某人有用 归纳拓展: adj.有益的 be beneficial to 对……有益的
distance (1)n. [C,U] 距离； [U] 遥远 in the distance 在远处 at/from a distance 离一段距离；从远处 at/from a distance of… 从 …远的地方（of 后跟具体的距离） (2)n. [U,C] 冷淡，疏远 keep sb. at a distance 同某人疏远，与某人保持一定距离 归纳拓展: adj.遥远的；远亲的；冷淡的 be distant from…. 离 …远；与 …不同 adv.远地；冷淡地； n.距离；远方；遥远；疏远
inspire v. 鼓励， 鼓 舞，激励 inspire sb to do sth 鼓舞某人做某事 inspire sb with sth= inspire sth in sb 使某人产生某 种情感 归纳拓展： (1) n.[U]灵感； [C] 鼓舞人心的人或事物 inspiration for sth/to do sth 对于某物/做某事的灵感 an inspiration to/for sb 激励某人 的人或事物 (2) adj.鼓舞人心的；启发灵感的 (3) adj. 品质优秀的； 借助于灵感创作的
access (1)n. [U] （使用或见到的）机会，权利 have/get/gain access to …拥有 … 的机会；可以进入 …give (sb) access to… 准许（某人） 使用/见到 … . (2)n. [U] 通道，通路，入径 access to+n. 通往 … . 的路
(3)vt. 访问，存取（计算机文件）；到达，进入 归纳拓展： adj. 可接近的，可使用的；容易理解的 be accessible to sb …..能为某人接近/使用 inaccessible adj. 难以达到的；不可得到的
confirm n.证实；确认书 adj.(仅用于名词前)坚定的；根深 蒂固的 (1)vt. 证实，证明，确认 confirm that/wh- 从句 …证实…… It is/has been confirmed that …据/已证实……; 已确认…… (2)vt.使感觉更强烈，使确信 confirm sb in sth 使某人确信某事 confirm one's belief/determination 坚定某人的 信念/决心 (3) vt.批准(职位、协议等) confirm sb as …任命某人担任……
embarrassing adj.让人难堪(尴尬、 害羞)的 (1) vt.使尴尬，使窘迫；使困惑，使为难 (2) adj.尴尬的，窘迫的，害羞的 It embarrasses/embarrassed sb to do…做……使某人尴尬。 (3) n.[U]窘迫，难堪； [C]困境；令人为难(或难堪、尴尬)的人 to one's embarrassment 令某人难堪的是 be/feel embarrassed about/at ... 因 ……而尴尬/窘迫 be embarrassed to do sth 做某事 尴尬/窘迫
upset (1)adj.心烦的；苦恼的；沮丧的 be /feel/get upset about/by/with sth 为某事感到不安/沮丧 It upset(s) sb to do sth/that ..…做某事让某人心烦/让某人心烦的是…… (2)vt. (upset, upset)使烦恼，使心烦意乱；打翻；打乱，搅乱；使(肠胃)不适 be upset that … 因 ……而心烦/沮丧
keep/ bear (..…) in mind 将 …… 记在 心中；牢记；考虑 mind (sb/sb's) doing..…介意(某人)做…Do/Would you mind if.… 如果……你介意吗？ make up one's mind change one's mind 归纳拓展: bring/call … to mind fix one's mind on/upon… 把注意 力集中在……
case (1)n.[C] 容 器 ， 箱，盒，套 (2)n.［C]实例， 事例， 具体情况 ；[sing.] 实 情，事实 (just) in case in case of … in no case 决不(位于句首时用部分倒装结构) in any case 无论如何,不管怎样 in some/most cases 在一些/大多数情况下 in this/that case 假使这样/那样的话；既然这样/那样
as is often the case 这是常有的事；正如经常发生的那样 It is often the case (that)…通常情况是……
单词变形练习.
1 ．First, our meeting will begin a song.
2 ．I have no mood to chat you.
3 ．He was so excited he could say nothing.
4 ．If you look at a world map, you can (identity) the major wine-producing regions.
5 ．Do you spend much time (search) through dictionaries for words that are not included
6 ．Kate functioned a mother to the child while his parents were away.
7 ．I'm still waiting for (confirm) of the test results.
8 ．Your new computer will have a variety of (function) .
9 ．There two keys can't be (press) .
10 ．He sat behind a desk on which were half a dozen (file) .
11 ．This kind of apps keeps you (update) on all topics which you prefer.
12 ．You can also choose (receive) the news you are interested in.
13 ．The hotel has 110 bedrooms, all with (privacy) bathrooms.
非限制定语从句
必要知识拓展
定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明 确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分
开，将非限定性定语从句放在句子中间，其前后都需要用逗号隔开。
限制定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
类别 作用 形式 关系代词/副词 例句
限制性 定语从 句 是先行词不可缺少的 部分，去掉后主句意思 不明确 紧跟于先 行词后， 无 逗号 that/who/whom/which/ whose/as when/where/why She is the girl who wanted to see you.
非限制 性 定语从 句 既可修饰先行词， 也可 修饰一个句子，是对先 行词/句子的附加说 明，去掉不会影响主句 用逗号与 其修饰的 句子/名词 或代词隔 不可用 that 引导，其他 的关系代词和关系副 词都可以使用且不可 省略 Hangzhou , I visited last week, is a beautiful city.
意思 开
Part 2 要点回顾
1.when 既可以指代具体的时间名词，也可指代抽象时间名词，常见的有 occasion（时机） , time, age, period
等。
2.where 既可以指代具体的地点名词，也可指代抽象地点名词，常见的抽象地点名词：case, point, situation,
condition, scene, stage, position ，activity, platform, job, family, race, environment, atmosphere 等。
3.区别 which 和 that
(1)先行词是物, 关系代词用 that，不用 which 的情况
①当先行词为不定代词：everything, anything, nothing, all, any, much, many, some, few, little, none 等或当先行
词被 no, some, any, all, much, little 等词修饰时，只能用 that。
To get the job started, all I need is your permission.
He answered few questions were asked by the reporters.
②当先行词被 the only, the very, the same 等词修饰时。
That’s the only thing we can do now . This is the very pen I am looking
for.
③当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。
This was one of the most interesting books were sold in this book store.
④当先行词中同时包括人和物时。
I’m going to talk about the countries and people I have visited.
⑤当要避免与疑问词 which 重复时。
Which is the T-shirt fits me most
(2)先行词是物, 关系用 which，不用 that 的情况
①在非限制性定语从句中
Football, is an interesting game, is played all over the world.
②介词提前时，不用 that，而用 which，介词不提前时，用 that 和 which 都可。
This is the room my father lived last year.
= This is the room my father lived in last year.
Part 3 关系代词和关系副词易错点
1.关系代词的省略 关系代词做宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可省略，在非限制性定语从句中不省略。
Hangzhou is a beautiful city I always want to visit.（在限制性定语从句中作 visit 的宾语，可以
省略） 杭州是我总想参观的一个美丽城市。
Hangzhou , I visited last week, is a beautiful city. （在非限制性定语从句中作 visited 的宾语，不
可省略） 杭州是一个美丽的城市，我上周去参观过。
2.whose+n.= the+n +of which
=of which+the+n. 【注意】名词之前必须有 the。
I live in the room window/the window of / which the window
faces south.我住在窗子朝南开的房间里。
3.介词＋关系代词”(相当于关系副词) 引导的定语从句
A.在这种结构中，若先行词指人，关系代词用 whom 不能用 who；若先行词指物，关系代词用 which 不能
用 that。
B.关系代词前介词的选择。
(1)根据先行词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。先行词通常是表示时间、地点、原因、方式等的词。
I can’t remember the age at he won the prize.(at the age）
(2)根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。
The documents for they were searching have been recovered.（search for）
(3)根据定语从句中主要形容词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。
He referred me to some reference books with I am not very familiar.（be familiar with）
(4)根据句子所表达的意思来确定介词
The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.
C. 介词可以后移， 此时关系代词可以省略（省略时，介词必须后移）This is the book for which you asked. =This
is the book which/that you asked for.
注意 一些与动词搭配的介词可以提到关系代词之前构成“介词＋关系代词”结构，但有些含有介词的动词短
语一般不能拆开，如 look for, look after, call on, care for, hear of, take care of 等。
. 我必须要照顾的最小的妹妹非常可爱。
【正】My youngest sister, whom I have to look after, is very lovely.
【误】My youngest sister, after whom I have to look, is very lovely.
4. The way 做先行词
①先行词 the way 在定语从句中充当方式状语， 关系词用 that 或 in which ，也可省略。（注意不用 how, how
不能引导定语从句。）
②先行词 the way 充当主语、宾语 关系词用 that 或 which，做主语时不可省略，做宾语时可省略。
5. the same…as…和 the same…that…
①the same…as…表示“类似的一个，而不是同一个” （相似性）
②the same…that…表示“ 同一个” （同一性）
I have bought the same watch you have. 我买了一块和你的一样的手表。（相似的，非同一个）
This is the same watch I lost. 这就是我丢的那块手表。（同一个）
6. so/such….. that 与 such…..as
so/such….. that 用于引导结果状语从句 It was such cold that there was nobody on the street.
such….as 用于引导定语从句 I’ve never heard such stories as he told.
区别：引导词在从句中不充当成分， 则该从句为状语从句，引导词词用 that
引导词在从句中充当成分， 则该从句为定语从句，关系词用 as
Part 4 能力提升
（一）分割式定语从句
定语从句和它所修饰的先行词中间插入谓语、状语或另外的定语等成分，使定语从句与所修饰的名词分割
开来，或者插入语把引导词与定语从句分割。理解句子时，注意找准先行词。
A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach us English.
The scientist has made another discovery, which , of course, is of great importance.
（二）易混从句对比
1.Is this factory the one (that )you visited yesterday (the one 作表语， that 引导定语从句，修饰 the one) Is this the factory (that/ which) you visited yesterday (that/which 引导定语从句并作宾语，可省略)
2.The old man has three sons , one of whom is a teacher. (定语从句，用引导词 whom) The old man has three sons, and one of them is a teacher.(并列句，用代词 them)
3.The news (that/ which) he told us is true.(定语从句，引导词用 that 和 which 都可) The news that our team won the game is true. (同位语从句，引导词只用 that，不用 which)
4.The doctor did all (that) he could to save the boy. （有先行词 all ，that 引导定语从句） The doctor did what he could to save the boy. (没有先行词， what 引导宾语从句)
5.As is known to the world, Mark Twain was a famous writer. (as 引导非限制性定语从句) It is known to the world that Mark Twain was a famous writer. (it 是形式主语， that 从句是真正的主语) What is known to the world is that Mark Twain was a famous writer. (what 引导主语从句)
6.You should leave things at the place where you can find them again easily. (有先行词， where 引导定语从句, 也 可用 at which) You should leave things where you can find them again easily. (没有先行词， where 引导地点状语从句， 不可用 at which)
7.It was in this place that he was born. (强调句) This is the place where he was born. (定语从句) It was in the factory where he worked that we met each other together. (where 引导定语从句， that 构成强调句)
8.He is such a good teacher /so good a teacher as we all like. (as 引导定语从句) He is such a good teacher /so good a teacher that we all like him. （that 引导结果状语从句）
9.This is the first time (that) I have come to Beijing. (time 表“次数” ，从句引导词用 that，也可省略) There was a time when I didn’t like English. (time 表“ 时间” ，定语从句引导词用 when)
10.The reason why he didn’t come yesterday is that he was ill. (why 引导定语从句， that 引导表语从句)
（三）定语从句中的主谓一致:
关系代词在定语从句中做主语时,从句谓语通常与先行词在人称和数上保持一致。
注意：当先行词为“one of +复数名词” 时定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式；
当先行词为“the (only/very)one of +复数名词” 时定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。
He is a good student who to help others.他是一个乐于助人的好学生。
They are good students who to help others.他们是乐于助人的好学生。
He is one of the students who praised.他是一个受到表扬的学生之一。
He is the one/ the only one of the students who praised. 他是唯一一个受到表扬的学生。
用正确的关系词填空
1. —— Do you have anything to say for yourselves
—— Yes, there’s one point we must insist on.
2. In an hour, we can travel to places would have taken our ancestors days to reach.
3. ——Why does she always ask you for help
—— There is no one else .（turn to sb.）
4. We went to see our teacher husband lost his life in the earthquake.
5. The tree I thought was dying is sending out new leaves!
6. I am very thankful to my parents have always encouraged me to play the piano.
7. He is the only one of those workers was able to do this job.
8. Yesterday I ran into a friend I haven’t seen for many years.
9. He lost his heart to a pretty girl turned out to be the daughter of his enemy.
10. That was the same hospital I left ten minutes ago.
11. The boss, in company my sister works, is kind to his workers.
12. We like the way he treat others.
13. Those come late will be punished.
14. The girl with we talked is good at English.
15. The way he came up with is practical.
(
Unit
1 Cultural Heritage
)
假定你是校英语报的记者，上周日你校学生会举办了以“保护城市文化遗产”为主题的摄影活动。请你为校
英文报写一篇报道，内容包括：
1.活动主题参加人员；2.活动详情；3.活动反响。
注意：1.词数 80 左右，标题给出，不算入字数； 2.可以适当增加细节，使行文流畅。
背诵参考范文
A Picture Is Worth A Thousand Words
A photography activity, was preserving city’s cultural heritage, was held
by the students’ union last Sunday.
Teachers and students who are interested in photography it. They took
some wonderful photos of cultural heritages in our city. , some students some
senior citizens and asked more about cultural heritages. , after returning to school everyone
shared the photos and had a discussion about how to protect the cultural heritages.
The activity a great success. it raise the
awareness of protecting the cultural heritage but it also our school life.
By Li Hua
School Newspaper
(
Unit 2 Wildlife prot
ection
)
假定你是李华， 你们学校将举办以“Protect Wild Animals”为主题的英语演讲比赛。请你根据以下提示写一篇
英语演讲稿。
1.野生动物的现状； 2.保护建议(建保护区、提高保护意识等）； 3.愿景。
注意： 1）词数 80 左右； 3）开头和结尾已经写好，不计入总词数。
背诵参考范文
Good morning, everyone!
give a speech today. The topic of my speech is Protect Wild Animals.
Asweallknow, animals also keeping the balance of nature.
Unfortunately they , and some of them are .
So take some measures to protect them. First, we must build nature reserves. Second, we should raise our awareness of environmental protection. . Therefore,
let's take the responsibility and do what we can to protect them. I hope in the future we can live
and happily together with animals.
Thank you!
(
Unit 3 The
internet
)
假如你是李华，你的英国笔友 Jean 来信了解中国青少年的上网喜好。请你予以回复，并以自己为例，谈谈
你最喜欢的网站或 APP 及理由。
注意： 1. 词数 80 左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Jean,
Glad toknowthat you are interested in , I am writing to
tell you more about it.
As smart phones , many teenagers online with their phones. Shopping online and chatting with friends via Wechat or QQ are becoming increasingly
popular. , I like an Alipay app called the Ant Forest, encourages users to
low-carbon activities. I have a great sense of achievement when I turn the energy from
low-carbon life into real trees through it. Are you using this app
What aboutyour favorite application Looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours
Li Hua
核心单词语法填空
一
语法填空
Although most people know there are Seven Wonders in the ancient world, only few people can name 1. . This is because most of them are no longer there except the pyramids. However, there is 2.
growing list of wonders of the world today.
About nine years ago, UNESCO’s World Cultural and Natural Heritage List had 411 places and 136 countries were responsible for (protect) them, and the list keeps on 4. (grow). Usually it is the task of a group of 21 experts to decide which places go on the list. The experts 5. (choose) to work for six years. Their work is to examine and discuss the suggestions from different countries. They also manage the World Heritage Fund(基金) 6. can offer help to countries for protection work. Over the past centuries a lot of historic places 7. (destroy) by man or nature. Protecting our natural and 8. (culture) heritage is a long and difficult task. Earthquakes, floods, pollution, wars, or even tourism are some of the
9. (danger) that harm the heritage.
When a historic place is 10. great danger, it is put on the List of World Heritage in Danger and necessary things will be done to protect it. Places which are on the danger list include Historic Bridges of
Indiana, Saint Elizabeths Hospital, Rosenwald School in Southern US, etc.
二
语法填空
We arrived at the plain in Tibet. We could just make 1. a herd of graceful animals moving slowly across the green grass. I am struck by their 2. (beautiful) and that is 3. we’re here—to observe
Tibetan antelopes. Meanwhile, I am clear that they are still in danger. They are being 4. (illegal) hunted.
My guide, Zhaxi, 5. works at the Changtang National Nature Reserve, loves his job deeply. He says,
“We are not trying to save the animals. Actually, we are saving 6. (we).”
In the 1980s and 1990s, antelopes suffered most. Hunters were shooting them 7. (make) profits crazily. Therefore, their population dropped 8. more than 50 percent. The Chinese government later realized
the seriousness of the situation and took positive measures to save this species from 9. (extinct).
To our joy, the Tibetan antelope 10. (remove) from the endangered species list. But the government
doesn’t intend to stop protecting antelopes, as threats still exist.
I think only when we learn to live in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our
planet.
三
语法填空
The Internet recently raised its eyebrows after Chinese state media claimed that online shopping, high-speed
rail, bike sharing and electronic payment systems are China's “four new great inventions” .
Xinhua News Agency said the country deserved credit for the discoveries, 1. (compare) them to the
inventions of ancient China: compass, gunpowder, paper, and printing.
According to SCMP, the so-called “four new great inventions” were based 2. last year's research conducted by the Silk Road Research Institute. In a survey, China's foreign students from 20 countries near the “Belt and Road Initiative” 3. (ask) to pick China's “four new great inventions” that they wanted their
home countries 4. (use) .
Xinhua's article notes that“ Among 5. four, online shopping was invented and pioneered by Michael Aldrich in the U. K. in 1979, while the Japanese 6. (operate) the first modern high-speed rail in 1964. But it is Chinese people that bring the inventions to the world's top level with 7. (they) intelligence and
creativity.”
Despite the origins, in recent years, a number of China's technological 8. (advance) have been making their moves in the world. Among them, four stand out with a reputation of China's “four new great inventions” in modern times, 9. have made the daily life of the public more 10.
(convenience) .
2023 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国甲卷)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) 41 (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the 42 (six) century, B. C. Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, 43 Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for
Tomorrow.”
Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America, 44 all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, 45 (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.
Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message 46 (intend) for everyone.
47 (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility 48
saving their environment.
The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty 49 (warn) about environmental destruction. Carson proves that a simple literal form that has
been passed down through the ages can still 50 (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.非限制性定语从句&必修第二册 Unit1-Unit3 知识回顾
目录 温习知识：温习知识(词汇，易错考点) 语法导航：温习语法知识 写作导航：温习重点写作 小试牛刀：核心单词语法填空+能力提升
(
Unit
1 Cultural Heritage
)
former adj. 以前 的 ； （两 者 中 ） 前 者 的 n. 前者 the former...; the latter... 前者.... ；后者....
preserve (1)vt.保存;保护;维持 preserve ... from... 保护... 免受.... preserve sth. for... 为....而保存某物 (2) n.保护区 nature preserve 自然保护区 well-preserved adj.保存良好的 (3) preservation n.保存,保留
promote vt.促进;提升;推 销;晋级 promote sb. (from sth.) to sth. 把某人（从某职位）提升到某职位 promotion n. 提升；晋级；促进 get/win promotion 获得晋级
application n. 申请(表); 用途;运用;应用(程序) (1) apply vt.涂,敷;应用,运用;(后常接 oneself)使致力(于),使专心从事(+to) vi. 申 请;应用,使用;适用 apply for 申请,请求 apply (to sb) for... (向某人)申请…… apply oneself to 专心致志于apply...to... 把……运用到…… 中去;将……涂抹到……上面(2) applicant n. 申请人(3) applied adj.应用的;实用的applied science 应用科学
balance n. 平衡；均匀 v. 使平衡 balance between ... and... 平衡...与... keep/ lose one’s balance 保持/失去平衡 balanced adj.平衡的 keep a balanced diet 保持一个健康的饮食 keep a balance between... and... 保持...与... 的平衡 keep the balance of nature 保持生态平衡
limit vt. 限制;限定, n. 限 度, 限制 limited adj.有限的 limitation n. 限度；局限 limit... to... 把... 限制到... be limited to 局限于.....
contribution n.捐款；贡 献；捐赠 make a contribution/ contributions to 对....做出贡献 contribute vi.&vt. 捐献；捐助 contribute sth to.... 把某物捐献给.... contribute to 有助于；捐献；导致；投稿
worthwhile adj. 值得做 的；值得花时间的 （1）It’s worthwhile to do/doing sth. 做……是值得的 （2）worth adj.& n. 值…… 的;价值 be worth +some money 值多少钱 be (well) worth doing ……(非常)值得被做(主动形式表被动意义) of being done （3）worthy adj.值得的 be worthy to be done 值得…… of +n.
contrast n. 对 比 ; 对 照 vt.对比;对照 by contrast 相比之下；相反 in contrast (to/with) 与 …相比较 contrast to 对比；对照
单词变形练习.
1. I’m sorry to tell you that the entrance the museum was closed for renovations(维修).
2. Dragon Dance and Lion Dance are (tradition) performed during the Spring Festival.
3. We could do nothing but wait for (far)information, though it is not what we wish to do.
4. If you (comparison) this book with that one, you will find this one much more interesting.
5. wasn’t worthwhile to continue the project.
6. He was awarded a prize for his (contribute) to world peace.
7. Martin’s idea was to create some interesting (image) and then move on to another subject.
8. Everyone is (limit) in his energy, so we cannot do everything all by ourselves.
9. The (history) building is as much part of our heritage as the paintings.
10. With the development of science and technology, many of today’s medical images are processed
(digital).
1. to 2. traditionally 3. further 4. compare 5.It 6. contribution 7. images8. limited 9. historic 10. digitally
(
Unit 2 Wildlife Prot
ection
)
die out 灭亡;逐渐消失 die away 逐渐模糊;逐渐消失;逐渐减弱 die down 逐渐变弱;逐渐暗淡;逐渐平息 die off 相继死去;先后死 die of/from 死于
aware adj. 知 道 ; 发 觉 ; 有…… 意识的 be aware of 意识到;知道 be aware that...意识到…… awareness n.知道;意识;认识;兴趣 unaware adj.没意识到;未察觉;不知道
concerned adj. 担心的; 关切的 concern vt. 涉及;让……担忧 concerning prep.关于 be concerned about 对……关切的;为……担忧的
as far as...be concerned 就……而言;关于
adapt vi. 适应 vt. 使 适应;使适合 adaptation n.适应 adaptable adj.能适应的 adapt to 适应 adapt oneself to (使)适应
measure n. 措施; 方法 vt. 测量;度量;估量 vi. 长(宽、高等)为 take measures 采取措施 make...to sb’s measure 按照某人的尺寸做…… measurement n.测量
make out ( 勉强) 看 出; 辨认出;听出 make up 组成;化妆;构成;编造(故事);弥补 make up with sb 与…… 言归于好 make for 向 ……移动;促成 make the most of sth 充分利用
observe vt. 观察(到);注 视;遵守 observe sb doing sth 注意某人在做某事 observe traffic rules 遵守交通规则 observe sb do sth 注意某人做了某事 observe the festivals 庆祝节日 observation n. 观察;观测
attack n.,vi.& vt. 攻 击 ; 抨击 under attack 遭到袭击 a heart attack 心脏病发作 make an attack on...对……发起攻击
recover vi. 恢 复 ; 康 复 vt.寻回;找回 recovery n.恢复;痊愈;改善;复苏;收回 recoverable adj.可收回的;可重新获得的 uncover vt.揭开盖子;揭露 recover from sth 从…… 中恢复过来
intend vi.& vt. 打算; 计 划;想要 intend doing/to do sth 打算做某事 intend sb to do sth 想要某人去做某事 intend that... 打算…… be intended for... 为……打算(或设计)的 with the intention of 有…… 的意图
exist vi. 存在;生存 existence n.存在 existing adj. 现存的;现有的 come into existence/being 产生;存在
harmony n. 和谐;融洽 harmonious adj. 协调的;和谐的 (be) in harmony with...与……协调 (be) out of harmony with... 与……不协调
threaten vt. 威胁;危及 threat n. 威胁 threatening adj. 恐吓的;威胁的 threatened adj. 受到威胁的 threaten sb. with sth. 用某事威胁某人 threaten (sb.) to do sth 威胁某人做某事
due adj. 由于; 因为; 到期的;预期的 due to 由于;因为 be due to do sth 预期做某事
单词变形练习
1. Do you think the film (adapt) is faithful to the book
2. This traditional Chinese medicine is very (effect) in relieving COVID-19.
3. One of the (beautiful) of living here is that it’s so peaceful.
4. To our surprise, the disease has spread at an (alarm) rate.
5. Many languages including Chinese are all (live) languages.
6. To protect my computer from (attack) by hackers, I equipped it with anti-virus software.
7. (plain), he is interested in her present appearance and manner.
8. It’s well known that money can be exchanged for (good) or services.
9. A great many species in the world are at the edge of (extinct).
10. One day the cat was caught in a trap laid by a (hunt).
11. He didn't answer my question (immediate), which made me very upset.
12. As far as I'm (concern), it's everyone's duty to protect the environment.
13. I've got a (reserve) for two nights.
14. The university is known for its language and culture courses (intend) for international students.
15. The boy (removed)from school because of fighting with others.
16. Halley made his discovery by means of his own careful (observe).
17. Those who hunt animals (illegal) will be punished by law.
18. He gained weight after (recover) from his illness.
19. It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some (measure) over 90 meters.
1. adaptation 2.effective 3.beauties 4.alarming 5.living 6. being attacked 7. Plainly 8. goods 9. extinction10.hunter 11. immediately 12. concerned 13. reservation 14. intended 15. is removed 16. observation 17. illegally
18. recovery 19. measuring
(
Unit3 The Internet
)
look up (1) (在词典、参考书 或通过电脑)查阅, 检 查 (2) 抬头往上看 (3)（生意、某人情况 等）好转，改善 归纳拓展：look up to sb 钦佩;羡慕;尊敬 look into sth 往里看;调查,审查 look back on sth 回首(往事);回忆 look down on sb 轻视;瞧不起 look forward to (doing) sth 盼望(做)某事 look on sb/sth as... 把……看作…… look out for 当心;小心
identify vt. 认出;确认 identification n. 识别;鉴定;确
(1) n.［C ，U］身份 identity card（ID card）身份证 identity theft 身份盗窃 (2)n.［U］（区别人或群体的）特性 a sense of identity 自我认同感 national/cultural/ social identity 民族/文化/社会认同
convenient be convenient for sb/sth 对某人/某事来说是方便的 It is convenient for sb to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是方便的 A is convenient for/to B A 到 B 近 归纳拓展:(1)convenience n.方便;便利 at one’s convenience 在某人方便的时候 for (the sake of )convenience 为方便起见 (2)inconvenient adj.不方便的;不便利的 (3)inconvenience n.不方便;不便利
stuck adj. 卡住； 陷 入 be/get stuck in … . 被卡在/被困在 … . be/ get stuck on … . 被 …难住 … 归纳拓展:stick (stuck, stuck) vt&vi. 刺，插入；粘贴 vi. 卡住 n.[C]枝条；棍状物 stick to 坚持
benefit (1)n. [U,C] 益处，优势 for the benefit of sb = for sb’s benefit 为了某人的利益 be of benefit to 对……有益 (2)vi. 得益于 vt. 使受益，对某人有用 benefit from sth. 得益于某事 benefit sb. 使某人受益，对某人有用 归纳拓展: beneficial adj.有益的 be beneficial to 对……有益的
distance (1)n. [C,U] 距离； [U] 遥远 in the distance 在远处 at/from a distance 离一段距离；从远处 at/from a distance of… 从 …远的地方（of 后跟具体的距离） (2)n. [U,C] 冷淡，疏远 keep sb. at a distance 同某人疏远，与某人保持一定距离 归纳拓展: distant adj.遥远的；远亲的；冷淡的 be distant from…. 离 …远；与 …不同 distantly adv.远地；冷淡地； distance n.距离；远方；遥远；疏远
inspire v. 鼓励， 鼓 舞，激励 inspire sb to do sth 鼓舞某人做某事 inspire sb with sth= inspire sth in sb 使某人产生某 种情感 归纳拓展： (1)inspiration n.[U]灵感； [C] 鼓舞人心的人或事物 inspiration for sth/to do sth 对于某物/做某事的灵感 an inspiration to/for sb 激励某人 的人或事物 (2)inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的；启发灵感的 (3)inspired adj. 品质优秀的；借助于灵 感创作的
access (1)n. [U] （使用或见到的）机会，权利 have/get/gain access to …拥有 … 的机会；可以进入 …give (sb) access to… 准许（某人） 使用/见到 … .
(2)n. [U] 通道，通路，入径 access to+n. 通往 … . 的路 (3)vt. 访问，存取（计算机文件）；到达，进入 归纳拓展：accessible adj. 可接近的，可使用的；容易理解的 be accessible to sb …..能为某人接近/使用 inaccessible adj. 难以达到的；不可得到的
confirm confirmation n.证实；确认书 confirmed adj.(仅用于名词前)坚定的；根深蒂固的 (1)vt. 证实，证明，确认 confirm that/wh- 从句 …证实…… It is/has been confirmed that …据/已证实……; 已确认…… (2)vt.使感觉更强烈，使确信 confirm sb in sth 使某人确信某事 confirm one's belief/determination 坚定某人的 信念/决心 (3) vt.批准(职位、协议等) confirm sb as …任命某人担任……
embarrassing adj.让人难堪(尴尬、 害羞)的 (1)embarrass vt.使尴尬，使窘迫；使困惑，使为难 (2)embarrassed adj.尴尬的，窘迫的，害羞的 It embarrasses/embarrassed sb to do…做……使某人尴尬。 (3)embarrassment n.[U]窘迫，难堪； [C]困境；令人为难(或难堪、尴尬)的人 to one's embarrassment 令某人难堪的是 be/feel embarrassed about/at ... 因 ……而尴尬/窘迫 be embarrassed to do sth 做某事 尴尬/窘迫
upset (1)adj.心烦的；苦恼的；沮丧的 be /feel/get upset about/by/with sth 为某事感到不安/沮丧 It upset(s) sb to do sth/that ..…做某事让某人心烦/让某人心烦的是…… (2)vt. (upset, upset)使烦恼，使心烦意乱；打翻；打乱，搅乱；使(肠胃)不适 be upset that … 因 ……而心烦/沮丧
keep/ bear (..…) in mind 将 …… 记在 心中；牢记；考虑 mind (sb/sb's) doing..…介意(某人)做…Do/Would you mind if.… 如果……你介意吗？ make up one's mind 下定决心 change one's mind 改变决定/看法/主意 归纳拓展: bring/call … to mind 想起/记起…… fix one's mind on/upon… 把注意力 集中在……
case (1)n.[C] 容 器 ， 箱，盒，套 (2)n.［C]实例， 事例， 具体情况 ；[sing.] 实 情，事实 (just) in case 以防万一, 以防 in case of … 如果/假使…… in no case 决不(位于句首时用部分倒装结构) in any case 无论如何,不管怎样 in some/most cases 在一些/大多数情况下 in this/that case 假使这样/那样的话；既然这样/那样
as is often the case 这是常有的事；正如经常发生的那样 It is often the case (that)…通常情况是……
单词变形练习.
1 ．First, our meeting will begin a song.
2 ．I have no mood to chat you.
3 ．He was so excited he could say nothing.
4 ．If you look at a world map, you can (identity) the major wine-producing regions.
5 ．Do you spend much time (search) through dictionaries for words that are not included
6 ．Kate functioned a mother to the child while his parents were away.
7 ．I'm still waiting for (confirm) of the test results.
8 ．Your new computer will have a variety of (function) .
9 ．There two keys can't be (press) .
10 ．He sat behind a desk on which were half a dozen (file) .
11 ．This kind of apps keeps you (update) on all topics which you prefer.
12 ．You can also choose (receive) the news you are interested in.
13 ．The hotel has 110 bedrooms, all with (privacy) bathrooms.
1.with 2.with3.that4.identify5.searching6.as7.confirmation8.functions9.pressed10.files11.updated12.to receive
13.private
非限制定语从句
必要知识拓展
定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明 确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分
开，将非限定性定语从句放在句子中间，其前后都需要用逗号隔开。
限制定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
类别 作用 形式 关系代词/副词 例句
限制性 定语从 句 是先行词不可缺少的 部分，去掉后主句意思 不明确 紧跟于先 行词后， 无 逗号 that/who/whom/which/ whose/as when/where/why She is the girl who wanted to see you.
非限制 性 定语从 既可修饰先行词， 也可 修饰一个句子，是对先 行词/句子的附加说 用逗号与 其修饰的 句子/名词 不可用 that 引导，其他 的关系代词和关系副 词都可以使用且不可 Hangzhou ,which I visited last week, is a beautiful city.
句 明，去掉不会影响主句 意思 或代词隔 开 省略
Part 2 要点回顾
1.when 既可以指代具体的时间名词，也可指代抽象时间名词，常见的有 occasion（时机） , time, age, period
等。
2.where 既可以指代具体的地点名词，也可指代抽象地点名词，常见的抽象地点名词：case, point, situation,
condition, scene, stage, position ，activity, platform, job, family, race, environment, atmosphere 等。
3.区别 which 和 that
(1)先行词是物, 关系代词用 that，不用 which 的情况
①当先行词为不定代词：everything, anything, nothing, all, any, much, many, some, few, little, none 等或当先行
词被 no, some, any, all, much, little 等词修饰时，只能用 that。
To get the job started, all that I need is your permission.
He answered few questions that were asked by the reporters.
②当先行词被 the only, the very, the same 等词修饰时。
That’s the only thing that we can do now . This is the very pen that I am looking for.
③当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。
This was one of the most interesting books that were sold in this book store.
④当先行词中同时包括人和物时。
I’m going to talk about the countries and people that I have visited.
⑤当要避免与疑问词 which 重复时。
Which is the T-shirt that fits me most
(2)先行词是物, 关系用 which，不用 that 的情况
①在非限制性定语从句中
Football, which is an interesting game, is played all over the world.
②介词提前时，不用 that，而用 which，介词不提前时，用 that 和 which 都可。
This is the room in which my father lived last year.
= This is the room (that/ which) my father lived in last year.
Part 3 关系代词和关系副词易错点
1.关系代词的省略 关系代词做宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可省略，在非限制性定语从句中不省略。
Hangzhou is a beautiful city(that/which)I always want to visit. （在限制性定语从句中作 visit 的宾语， 可以省略）
杭州是我总想参观的一个美丽城市。
Hangzhou ,which I visited last week, is a beautiful city.（在非限制性定语从句中作 visited 的宾语，不可省略）
杭州是一个美丽的城市，我上周去参观过。
2.whose+n.= the+n +of which
=of which+the+n. 【注意】名词之前必须有 the。
I live in the room whose window/the window of which / of which the window faces south.我住在窗子朝南开的房
间里。
3.介词＋关系代词”(相当于关系副词) 引导的定语从句
A.在这种结构中，若先行词指人，关系代词用 whom 不能用 who；若先行词指物，关系代词用 which 不能
用 that。
B.关系代词前介词的选择。
(1)根据先行词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。先行词通常是表示时间、地点、原因、方式等的词。
I can’t remember the age at which he won the prize.(at the age）
(2)根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。
The documents for which they were searching have been recovered.（search for）
(3)根据定语从句中主要形容词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。
He referred me to some reference books with which I am not very familiar.（be familiar with）
(4)根据句子所表达的意思来确定介词
The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.
C. 介词可以后移， 此时关系代词可以省略（省略时，介词必须后移）This is the book for which you asked. =This
is the book which/that you asked for.
注意 一些与动词搭配的介词可以提到关系代词之前构成“介词＋关系代词”结构，但有些含有介词的动词短
语一般不能拆开，如 look for, look after, call on, care for, hear of, take care of 等。
. 我必须要照顾的最小的妹妹非常可爱。
【正】My youngest sister, whom I have to look after, is very lovely.
【误】My youngest sister, after whom I have to look, is very lovely.
4. The way 做先行词
①先行词 the way 在定语从句中充当方式状语， 关系词用 that 或 in which ，也可省略。（注意不用 how, how
不能引导定语从句。）
②先行词 the way 充当主语、宾语 关系词用 that 或 which，做主语时不可省略，做宾语时可省略。
5. the same…as…和 the same…that…
①the same…as…表示“类似的一个，而不是同一个” （相似性）
②the same…that…表示“ 同一个” （同一性）
I have bought the same watch as you have. 我买了一块和你的一样的手表。（相似的，非同一个）
This is the same watch that I lost. 这就是我丢的那块手表。（同一个）
6. so/such….. that 与 such…..as
so/such….. that 用于引导结果状语从句 It was such cold that there was nobody on the street.
such….as 用于引导定语从句 I’ve never heard such stories as he told.
区别：引导词在从句中不充当成分， 则该从句为状语从句，引导词词用 that
引导词在从句中充当成分， 则该从句为定语从句，关系词用 as
Part 4 能力提升
（一）分割式定语从句
定语从句和它所修饰的先行词中间插入谓语、状语或另外的定语等成分，使定语从句与所修饰的名词分割
开来，或者插入语把引导词与定语从句分割。理解句子时，注意找准先行词。
A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach us English.
The scientist has made another discovery, which , of course, is of great importance.
（二）易混从句对比
1.Is this factory the one (that )you visited yesterday (the one 作表语， that 引导定语从句，修饰 the one) Is this the factory (that/ which) you visited yesterday (that/which 引导定语从句并作宾语，可省略)
2.The old man has three sons , one of whom is a teacher. (定语从句，用引导词 whom) The old man has three sons, and one of them is a teacher.(并列句，用代词 them)
3.The news (that/ which) he told us is true.(定语从句，引导词用 that 和 which 都可) The news that our team won the game is true. (同位语从句，引导词只用 that，不用 which)
4.The doctor did all (that) he could to save the boy. （有先行词 all ，that 引导定语从句） The doctor did what he could to save the boy. (没有先行词， what 引导宾语从句)
5.As is known to the world, Mark Twain was a famous writer. (as 引导非限制性定语从句) It is known to the world that Mark Twain was a famous writer. (it 是形式主语， that 从句是真正的主语) What is known to the world is that Mark Twain was a famous writer. (what 引导主语从句)
6.You should leave things at the place where you can find them again easily. (有先行词， where 引导定语从句, 也 可用 at which) You should leave things where you can find them again easily. (没有先行词， where 引导地点状语从句， 不可用 at which)
7.It was in this place that he was born. (强调句) This is the place where he was born. (定语从句) It was in the factory where he worked that we met each other together. (where 引导定语从句， that 构成强调句)
8.He is such a good teacher /so good a teacher as we all like. (as 引导定语从句) He is such a good teacher /so good a teacher that we all like him. （that 引导结果状语从句）
9.This is the first time (that) I have come to Beijing. (time 表“次数” ，从句引导词用 that，也可省略) There was a time when I didn’t like English. (time 表“ 时间” ，定语从句引导词用 when)
10.The reason why he didn’t come yesterday is that he was ill. (why 引导定语从句， that 引导表语从句)
（三）定语从句中的主谓一致:
关系代词在定语从句中做主语时,从句谓语通常与先行词在人称和数上保持一致。
注意：当先行词为“one of +复数名词” 时定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式；
当先行词为“the (only/very)one of +复数名词” 时定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。
He is a good student who likes to help others.他是一个乐于助人的好学生。
They are good students who like to help others.他们是乐于助人的好学生。
He is one of the students who were praised.他是一个受到表扬的学生之一。
He is the one/ the only one of the students who was praised. 他是唯一一个受到表扬的学生。
用正确的关系词填空
1. —— Do you have anything to say for yourselves
—— Yes, there’s one point we must insist on.
2. In an hour, we can travel to places would have taken our ancestors days to reach.
3. ——Why does she always ask you for help
—— There is no one else .（turn to sb.）
4. We went to see our teacher husband lost his life in the earthquake.
5. The tree I thought was dying is sending out new leaves!
6. I am very thankful to my parents have always encouraged me to play the piano.
7. He is the only one of those workers was able to do this job.
8. Yesterday I ran into a friend I haven’t seen for many years.
9. He lost his heart to a pretty girl turned out to be the daughter of his enemy.
10. That was the same hospital I left ten minutes ago.
11. The boss, in company my sister works, is kind to his workers.
12. We like the way he treat others.
13. Those come late will be punished.
14. The girl with we talked is good at English.
15. The way he came up with is practical.
(
7.is
15.that/which/
)1.that/which/不填 2.which/that 3.(who/whom) she can turn to 4. whose 5.that/which 6. who/that
8.whom/that/不填 9.who/that 10.that 11.whose 12.in which/that/不填 13.who 14.whom
不填
(
Unit
1 Cultural Heritage
)
假定你是校英语报的记者，上周日你校学生会举办了以“保护城市文化遗产”为主题的摄影活动。请你为校
英文报写一篇报道，内容包括：
1.活动主题参加人员；2.活动详情；3.活动反响。
注意：1.词数 80 左右，标题给出，不算入字数； 2.可以适当增加细节，使行文流畅。
背诵参考范文
A Picture Is Worth A Thousand Words
A photography activity, whosetheme was preserving city’s cultural heritage, was held by the students’ union
last Sunday.
Teachers and students who are interested in photography participatedin it. They took some wonderful photos of cultural heritages in our city. Meanwhile, some students interviewedsome senior citizens and asked more about cultural heritages. Finally, after returning to school everyone shared the photos and had a discussion about how to
protect the cultural heritages.
The activity turnedoutto be a great success. Notonlydoesit raise the awareness of protecting the cultural
heritage butit alsoenriches our school life.
By Li Hua
School Newspaper
(
Unit 2 Wildlife prot
ection
)
假定你是李华， 你们学校将举办以“Protect Wild Animals”为主题的英语演讲比赛。请你根据以下提示写一篇
英语演讲稿。
1.野生动物的现状； 2.保护建议(建保护区、提高保护意识等）； 3.愿景。
注意： 1）词数 80 左右； 3）开头和结尾已经写好，不计入总词数。
背诵参考范文
Good morning, everyone!
It’smyhonourto give a speech today. The topic of my speech is Protect Wild Animals.
Asweallknow, animals also playapartin keeping the balance of nature. Unfortunately they arebeing over–hunted, and some of them are dyingout. So itisurgenttotake some measures to protect them. First, we must build nature reserves. Second, we should raise our awareness of environmental protection. To harm animals is to harm ourselves. Therefore, let's take the responsibility and do what we can to protect them. I
hope in the future we can live harmoniously and happily together with animals.
Thank you!
(
Unit 3 The
internet
)
假如你是李华，你的英国笔友 Jean 来信了解中国青少年的上网喜好。请你予以回复，并以自己为例，谈谈
你最喜欢的网站或 APP 及理由。
注意： 1. 词数 80 左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Jean,
Glad toknowthat you are interested in what Chinese teenagers like to do online, I am writing to tell you more
about it.
As smart phones have beenwidelyused, many teenagers prefersurfing online with their phones. Shopping online and chatting with friends via Wechat or QQ are becoming increasingly popular. Asfor me, I like an Alipay app called the Ant Forest, which encourages users to adopt low-carbon activities. I have a great sense of
achievement when I turn the energy from low-carbon life into real trees through it. Are you using this app
What aboutyour favorite application Looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours
Li Hua
核心单词语法填空
一
语法填空
Although most people know there are Seven Wonders in the ancient world, only few people can name 1. . This is because most of them are no longer there except the pyramids. However, there is 2.
growing list of wonders of the world today.
About nine years ago, UNESCO’s World Cultural and Natural Heritage List had 411 places and 136 countries were responsible for (protect) them, and the list keeps on 4. (grow). Usually it is the task of a group of 21 experts to decide which places go on the list. The experts 5. (choose) to work for six years. Their work is to examine and discuss the suggestions from different countries. They also manage the World Heritage Fund(基金) 6. can offer help to countries for protection work. Over the past centuries a lot of historic places 7. (destroy) by man or nature. Protecting our natural and 8. (culture) heritage is a long and difficult task. Earthquakes, floods, pollution, wars, or even tourism are some of the
9. (danger) that harm the heritage.
When a historic place is 10. great danger, it is put on the List of World Heritage in Danger and necessary things will be done to protect it. Places which are on the danger list include Historic Bridges of
Indiana, Saint Elizabeths Hospital, Rosenwald School in Southern US, etc.
1. them 2. a 3. protecting 4. growing 5. are chosen 6. which 7. have been destroyed 8. cultural 9.
dangers 10. in
二
语法填空
We arrived at the plain in Tibet. We could just make 1. a herd of graceful animals moving slowly across the green grass. I am struck by their 2. (beautiful) and that is 3. we’re here—to observe
Tibetan antelopes. Meanwhile, I am clear that they are still in danger. They are being 4. (illegal) hunted.
My guide, Zhaxi, 5. works at the Changtang National Nature Reserve, loves his job deeply. He says,
“We are not trying to save the animals. Actually, we are saving 6. (we).”
In the 1980s and 1990s, antelopes suffered most. Hunters were shooting them 7. (make) profits crazily. Therefore, their population dropped 8. more than 50 percent. The Chinese government later realized
the seriousness of the situation and took positive measures to save this species from 9. (extinct).
To our joy, the Tibetan antelope 10. (remove) from the endangered species list. But the government
doesn’t intend to stop protecting antelopes, as threats still exist.
I think only when we learn to live in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our
planet.
1.out2. beauty3. why 4. illegally 5. who 6. ourselves 7. to make 8. by9. extinction 10. was removed
三
语法填空
The Internet recently raised its eyebrows after Chinese state media claimed that online shopping, high-speed
rail, bike sharing and electronic payment systems are China's “four new great inventions” .
Xinhua News Agency said the country deserved credit for the discoveries, 1. (compare) them to the
inventions of ancient China: compass, gunpowder, paper, and printing.
According to SCMP, the so-called “four new great inventions” were based 2. last year's research conducted by the Silk Road Research Institute. In a survey, China's foreign students from 20 countries near the “Belt and Road Initiative” 3. (ask) to pick China's “four new great inventions” that they wanted their
home countries 4. (use) .
Xinhua's article notes that“ Among 5. four, online shopping was invented and pioneered by Michael Aldrich in the U. K. in 1979, while the Japanese 6. (operate) the first modern high-speed rail in 1964. But it is Chinese people that bring the inventions to the world's top level with 7. (they) intelligence and
creativity.”
Despite the origins, in recent years, a number of China's technological 8. (advance) have been making their moves in the world. Among them, four stand out with a reputation of China's “four new great inventions” in modern times, 9. have made the daily life of the public more 10.
(convenience) .
1-10comparing;on;were asked;to use;the;operated;their;advances;which;convenient
2023 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国甲卷)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) 41 (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the 42 (six) century, B. C. Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, 43 Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for
Tomorrow.”
Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America, 44 all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, 45 (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.
Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message 46 (intend) for everyone.
47 (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility 48
saving their environment.
The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty 49 (warn) about environmental destruction. Carson proves that a simple literal form that has
been passed down through the ages can still 50 (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
【答案】41. to teach 42. sixth 43. as 44. where 45. borrowing 46. intended 47. Different
48. for 49. warning 50. be employed
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。
41 考查非谓语动词。句意：几千年来， 人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意可知， 此处表达“来
传授知识和智慧” ，所以用不定式作目的状语。故填 to teach。
42 考查数词。句意：寓言是许多古代文化口述传统的一部分，而著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前 6 世纪。
century“世纪”前面要用序数词形式。故填 sixth。
43 考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔 · 卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。
引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词 as 引导。故填 as。
44 考查定语从句。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起
享受着和平的生活， ”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词为
town ，在非限定性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词 where 引导。故填 where。
45 考查非谓语动词。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一 起享受着和平的生活， ”她的寓言是这样开头的， 借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中已有谓语动
词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语 her fable 与 borrow 之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填
borrowing。
46 考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，在简洁的风格背后，是每个人都想要传达的严肃信息。 be intended for 打
算为……所用，在句中作定语，所以用过去分词形式。故填 intended。
47 考查形容词。句意：与传统寓言不同，卡森的故事以一种指责而不是道德结束。 be different from 与……
不同，所以用形容词作状语。故填 Different。
48 考查介词。句意：她警告社会面临的环境危险， 并教导人们必须承担起保护环境的责任。take responsibility
for 对…… 负责。故填 for。
49 考查名词。句意：然而，卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词 weighty 后接名词形式。根据
句中不定冠词 a 可知，用可数名词的单数形式。故填 warning。
50 考查语态。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的抒情形式，已经代代相传，今天仍然可以用来吸引人们对重要 真理的关注。从句主语 a simple lyric form 与 employ 之间为被动关系， 所以用被动语态。情态动词 can 后接
动词原形。故填 be employed。
