新课学习必修第三册 Unit4（语法学习&写作过关）
目录 语法导航：学习语法知识 写作导航：学习单元写作 小试牛刀：基础精练+能力提升
过去分词（一）作定语和宾语补足语
过去分词一般表示完成的和被动的动作。 规则动词的过去分词由动词原形加-ed 构成；不规则动词的过去 分词没有统一的构成规则。 过去分词一般在句子中可以用作定语、宾语补足语、表语和状语，但不能单独
作谓语。
一．过去分词作定语的用法
（一）过去分词作定语的位置
1. 一般情况下，单个 过去分词作前置定语， 即 放在被修饰词之 前。 注意：有时为了表示强 调，也可放在被修饰词 之后。 tired visitors a well-organised trip beautifully dressed stars The disease was caused by polluted water. We finished the run in less than half the time allowed. 日 He is one of those invited.
2.过去分词短语作定 语时往往作后置定语， 即放在被修饰词之后。 visitors tired of the long wait a trip organised well by my workplace stars dressed beautifully at the event The river polluted by daily waste is now dirty and smelly.
（二） 过去分词作定语的时态和语态
1. 及物动词的过去分词作定语通常表 示被动和完成。被修饰词是其逻辑主 语，和被修饰词构成被动关系，且该 动作已经完成。 过去分词作定语时， 相当于定语从句。 I don't like the book written by Martin (=which was written by Martin). It is a house built by the Romans （= which was built by the Romans）. The problem, discussed yesterday (=which was discussed yesterday）,
过去分词（短语）作非限定性定语， 相当于非限定性定语从句，用来补充 说明被修饰词的情况，通常用逗号与 主句隔开。 has been solved. They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack （=which is known as the Union Jack）.
2. 不及物动词的过去分词作定语仅表 示完成，不表示被动。 fallen leaves boiled water the developed countries
注意：过去分词和现在分词作定语的区别：
现在分词作定语，和被修饰词构成主 动关系， 且该动作正在进行， 即表“主 动、进行” ； 过去分词作定语，和被 修饰词构成被动关系，且该动作已经 完成，即表“被动、完成”。 The workers building the houses work day and night. w（orkers 和 build 是主动关系） The houses built last year are for the villagers .（houses 和 build 是被 动关系）
二．过去分词作宾语补足语的用法
“及物动词＋宾语＋宾补”结构中，过去分词 done 作宾语补足语，表示与宾语构成被动关系。
1. 用 于 feel, find, hear, notice, see, smell, observe, watch, think 等表示感 觉或心理状态的动词后作宾语补足 语。 I saw an old man knocked down by a car just now. When he woke up in the hospital, he found himself surrounded by doctors and nurses.
2.用于get, have, make, keep, leave 等使 役动词后作宾语补足语。 The speaker raised his voice but still couldn't make himself heard. He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. They had castles built all around England.
3. 用于 wish, want, would like, expect, order 等表示“ 意欲”“命令” 的动词后面 作宾语补足语。 The boss ordered the plan carried out as soon as possible. The father wants his daughter taught Japanese.
4. 用于 with 复合结构 中作宾语补足 语。 With the work finished, he went out for a walk. The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.
注意：过去分词和现在分词作宾语补足语的区别：
过去分词 done 作宾语补足语， 表示与 宾语构成被动关系；现在分词 doing 作 宾语补足语，表示与宾语构成主动关 I heard her singing an English song when I passed by. I often heard the English song sung by young people at the party. It was cold, and she had the fire burning day and night. I had my car repaired last week.
系。
随堂小练
单句语法填空
1.Some of the people (invite)to the party can't come.
2.The room is empty except for a bookshelf (stand)in one corner.
3.The trees (blow)down in the storm have been moved off the road.
4.You'd better have your shoes (mend).
5.The father wants his daughter (teach)the piano.
6.I saw an old man (knock)down by a car.
7.I'd like the job (do)when I come back from the journey.
8.The speaker raised his voice but still couldn't make himself (hear).
9.An old man was brought in ，with his hands (tie)behind his back.
10.With all the work (do) ，I feel very relaxed now.
11.Listening to music at home is one thing ，going to hear it (perform)live is quite another.
12.The boy made the baby (laugh)by making a face at him.
13.She fell asleep with the light (burn).
介绍一个地方
描述一个漂亮或者特殊的地方总体上属于介绍事物的说明文。它的要点内容可包括：地理位置、面积、
人口、气候状况、著名的地方以及与众不同之处等。
时态应以现在时为主，人称以第三人称为主。
[基本框架]
开头：介绍该地方的基本信息(位置，面积等)；
主体：描述该地方的一些具体信息(著名的地方，与众不同之处)；
结尾：作者对此地点的感受或总结陈述以吸引读者去旅游。
[常用词块]
1 ．...is/lies/is located/is situated＋地点状语
2 ．...is/lies＋数词＋metres above sea level
3 ．...is surrounded by... … …
4 ．...be very/quite/extremely cold/hot/warm/dry/humid/sunny/rainy/mild...all the year round 某地气候终年寒
冷/炎热/温暖/干燥/潮湿/日光充足/多雨/温和……
5 ．...is rich in... ，like/such as... … …
6 ．...is famous/well-known for... … …
7 ．...has a (long)history of... … …
8 ．...dates/goes back to... … …
[常用语句]
★精彩开头
1 ．It is located/lies in... ，with an area of...
2 ．It covers an area of... ，with a history of...
3 ．... ，located in...and covering an area of... ，is one of China's most famous scenic spots.
4 ．The history of...dates back to...
5 ．It has become the most popular tourist attraction since...
★正文佳句
1 ．There are many places of interest ，such as...
2 ．You can enjoy... ，which has a high reputation both at home and abroad.
3 ．With... ，...is/are attracting more and more tourists.
4 ．An interesting feature of...is...
5 ．With its pleasant climate ，rich natural resources and beautiful scenery ，...is one of China's major tourist
cities.
6 ．A trip along...will enable you to get to know...
★余味结尾
1 ．...is well worth visiting.
2 ．...is a place you have to visit and the extraordinary view will make you unwilling to leave.
练习 1
假定你叫李华，你的朋友 Jo 将从英国到你的家乡海口旅游。她来信询问有关海口的基本情况，请你给
她回信。信的内容包括：
1 ．海口的基本情况：
(1)地理位置(海南岛北部) (2)人口(227.21 万人) (3)面积(2304.84 平方公里) (4)气候
2 ．至少介绍两个著名景点。
[参考范文]
Dear Jo，
I am so excited to know that you will come to Haikou, my hometown, . I'm so
honored to show it to you.
2,272, 100, Haikou, the capital of Hainan Province, the north of Hainan Island, about 2,305 square kilometers. the
pleasant climate — not too hot in summer and not too cold in winter.
There are many here, the Holiday Beach, which enjoys a beautiful and gentle coastline（海岸线） with sparkling （波光粼粼的） waters, waving coconut trees （椰子树）
and plenty of sunshine. Besides, Wugong Temple, which is now an attractive ancient architecture, was constructed （纪念） five famous people during Tang and Song Dynasties.
Looking forward to your arrival!
Yours,
Li Hua
练习 2
假定你是英国学生 Harry，有一位中国笔友 Li Hua 想了解一下你的家乡爱丁堡， 请你根据提示回复一封
电子邮件。
爱丁堡 苏格兰(Scotland)的首府，政治和文化中心
人口 约 50 万
面积 260 平方千米(square kilometres)
地理位置 苏格兰的东南部
交通 公共交通十分便利
天气 气候温和(mild climate)
旅游 最受欢迎的旅游城市之一；古老建筑众多
注意：词数 80 左右。开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Li Hua，
Today I'm writing to tell you something about Edinburgh which you asked about in the last e-mail.
Yours faithfully，
Harry
基础精练
一．用所给动词的正确形式填空
1.The mountain village （surround）by beautiful natural landscape looks amazing.
2.The family's ancestors once attended to （wound）soldiers in the First World War.
3.The young people （ attract ）by the legend of Loch Ness watched over the lake with their cameras and
binoculars （position）on the hill.
4.Judy and I had our car ark）in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square, where we could get our
car battery （charge）.
5.When we finally reached the service desk to ask for audio guides, we heard it （ announce ）that there
were no audio guides left.
6.Judy had her eyes （fix）on Van Gogh's Sunflowers. It was hard to approach the painting as there were
so many people around.
7.She had a copy of the painting （box）to ensure that it was delivered safely.
8. The scientist attended the meeting (hold) in the Great Hall of the People.
9. Linjiang Bridge (build) in a shape of fish in Wuhu, Anhui Province was put into use in 2008.
10.With all the tasks (finish) ahead of time, he decided to set out on his travel.
11. Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself (remind ) of his own dreams.
12. Claire had her luggage (check) an hour before her plane left.
13. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English (improve) in a
short period.
14. Listen! Do you hear someone (call) for help
15. So far, about 40 houses have fallen down under the weight of the snow, with 22 people （injure）.
二.短文语法填空
The Amber Room was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it.The
1. (select)amber had 2. beautiful yellow-brown colour like honey.The design of the room was 3. the fancy style popular in those days.It was also a treasure 4. (decorate)with gold and jewels ，5. took the country's best 6. (artist)about ten years to
make.
Later ，Catherine Ⅱhad the Amber Room 7. (move)to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent
her summers.8. (sad) ，the Amber Room 9. (consider)one of the wonders of the world，
is now 10. (miss).
三.语法填空
In much of Asia ， especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China ，Japan ，Korea ， 1.
Vietnam ，food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
Chopsticks are usually two long ，thin pieces of wood or bamboo.They can also be made of plastic ，animal bone or metal.Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic.Truly elegant chopsticks might 2. (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 3. (create)
special designs.
The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years.People probably cooked their food in large pots ， 4. (use) twigs (树枝) to remove it.Over time，5. the population grew，people began cutting food
into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which
6. (gradual) turned into chopsticks.
Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius ， 7. lived from roughly 551 to 479 B ．C. ，influenced the 8. (develop) of chopsticks.Confucius believed knives would remind people of
killings and 9. (be) too violent for use at the table.
Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India，for example，most people traditionally eat 10.
their hands.
能力提升
2022 年全国甲卷英语
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.
A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step 41
(journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, 42 lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation 43 (bold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient
Silk Road. 44 friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental 45 (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more 46 (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000
plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.
In the last five cars. Cao 47 (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the
top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s 48 (high) mountain.
Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700
kilometers 49 Xi’an to Kashgar on seat. 20, 50 (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
2022 年全国甲卷英语
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Important Things to Know When Dining Out
Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. 16 . Knowing
some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the
world.
Chopstick Rules
The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down
between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you.
17 .
___
Hands or Utensils (餐具)
In India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you
to eat with a utensil in each hand. 18 , instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touch
any food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons.
Making Requests
19 . In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their
seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.
Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various
countries. 20 , the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.
A. The more friends you make in your lifetime
B. The more time you spend in any given country
C. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
D. Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E. It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate
F. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
G. It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal新课学习必修第三册 Unit4（语法学习&写作过关）
目录 语法导航：学习语法知识 写作导航：学习单元写作 小试牛刀：基础精练+能力提升
过去分词（一）作定语和宾语补足语
过去分词一般表示完成的和被动的动作。 规则动词的过去分词由动词原形加-ed 构成；不规则动词的过去 分词没有统一的构成规则。 过去分词一般在句子中可以用作定语、宾语补足语、表语和状语，但不能单独
作谓语。
一．过去分词作定语的用法
（一）过去分词作定语的位置
1. 一般情况下，单个 过去分词作前置定语， 即 放在被修饰词之 前。 注意：有时为了表示强 调，也可放在被修饰词 之后。 tired visitors a well-organised trip beautifully dressed stars The disease was caused by polluted water. We finished the run in less than half the time allowed. 日 He is one of those invited.
2.过去分词短语作定 语时往往作后置定语， 即放在被修饰词之后。 visitors tired of the long wait a trip organised well by my workplace stars dressed beautifully at the event The river polluted by daily waste is now dirty and smelly.
（二） 过去分词作定语的时态和语态
1. 及物动词的过去分词作定语通常表 示被动和完成。被修饰词是其逻辑主 语，和被修饰词构成被动关系，且该 动作已经完成。 过去分词作定语时， 相当于定语从句。 I don't like the book written by Martin (=which was written by Martin). It is a house built by the Romans （= which was built by the Romans）. The problem, discussed yesterday (=which was discussed yesterday）,
过去分词（短语）作非限定性定语， 相当于非限定性定语从句，用来补充 说明被修饰词的情况，通常用逗号与 主句隔开。 has been solved. They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack （=which is known as the Union Jack）.
2. 不及物动词的过去分词作定语仅表 示完成，不表示被动。 fallen leaves boiled water the developed countries
注意：过去分词和现在分词作定语的区别：
现在分词作定语，和被修饰词构成主 动关系， 且该动作正在进行， 即表“主 动、进行” ； 过去分词作定语，和被 修饰词构成被动关系，且该动作已经 完成，即表“被动、完成”。 The workers building the houses work day and night. w（orkers 和 build 是主动关系） The houses built last year are for the villagers .（houses 和 build 是被 动关系）
二．过去分词作宾语补足语的用法
“及物动词＋宾语＋宾补”结构中，过去分词 done 作宾语补足语，表示与宾语构成被动关系。
1. 用 于 feel, find, hear, notice, see, smell, observe, watch, think 等表示感 觉或心理状态的动词后作宾语补足 语。 I saw an old man knocked down by a car just now. When he woke up in the hospital, he found himself surrounded by doctors and nurses.
2.用于get, have, make, keep, leave 等使 役动词后作宾语补足语。 The speaker raised his voice but still couldn't make himself heard. He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. They had castles built all around England.
3. 用于 wish, want, would like, expect, order 等表示“ 意欲”“命令” 的动词后面 作宾语补足语。 The boss ordered the plan carried out as soon as possible. The father wants his daughter taught Japanese.
4. 用于 with 复合结构 中作宾语补足 语。 With the work finished, he went out for a walk. The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.
注意：过去分词和现在分词作宾语补足语的区别：
过去分词 done 作宾语补足语， 表示与 宾语构成被动关系；现在分词 doing 作 宾语补足语，表示与宾语构成主动关 I heard her singing an English song when I passed by. I often heard the English song sung by young people at the party. It was cold, and she had the fire burning day and night. I had my car repaired last week.
系。
随堂小练
单句语法填空
1.Some of the people (invite)to the party can't come.
2.The room is empty except for a bookshelf (stand)in one corner.
3.The trees (blow)down in the storm have been moved off the road.
4.You'd better have your shoes (mend).
5.The father wants his daughter (teach)the piano.
6.I saw an old man (knock)down by a car.
7.I'd like the job (do)when I come back from the journey.
8.The speaker raised his voice but still couldn't make himself (hear).
9.An old man was brought in ，with his hands (tie)behind his back.
10.With all the work (do) ，I feel very relaxed now.
11.Listening to music at home is one thing ，going to hear it (perform)live is quite another.
12.The boy made the baby (laugh)by making a face at him.
13.She fell asleep with the light (burn).
【答案】1.invited 2.standing 3.blown 4.mended5.taught6.knocked7.done8.heard9.tied10.done
11.being performed12.laugh13.burning
介绍一个地方
描述一个漂亮或者特殊的地方总体上属于介绍事物的说明文。它的要点内容可包括：地理位置、面积、
人口、气候状况、著名的地方以及与众不同之处等。
时态应以现在时为主，人称以第三人称为主。
[基本框架]
开头：介绍该地方的基本信息(位置，面积等)；
主体：描述该地方的一些具体信息(著名的地方，与众不同之处)；
结尾：作者对此地点的感受或总结陈述以吸引读者去旅游。
[常用词块]
1 ．...is/lies/is located/is situated＋地点状语 某地位于……
2 ．...is/lies＋数词＋metres above sea level 某地海拔为……
3 ．...is surrounded by...……周围被……环绕
4 ．...be very/quite/extremely cold/hot/warm/dry/humid/sunny/rainy/mild...all the year round 某地气候终年寒
冷/炎热/温暖/干燥/潮湿/日光充足/多雨/温和……
5 ．...is rich in... ，like/such as...……盛产/富于……例如/像……
6 ．...is famous/well-known for...……以……著名
7 ．...has a (long)history of...……有……年的(悠久)历史
8 ．...dates/goes back to...……可追溯到……
[常用语句]
★精彩开头
1 ．It is located/lies in... ，with an area of...
2 ．It covers an area of... ，with a history of...
3 ．... ，located in...and covering an area of... ，is one of China's most famous scenic spots.
4 ．The history of...dates back to...
5 ．It has become the most popular tourist attraction since...
★正文佳句
1 ．There are many places of interest ，such as...
2 ．You can enjoy... ，which has a high reputation both at home and abroad.
3 ．With... ，...is/are attracting more and more tourists.
4 ．An interesting feature of...is...
5 ．With its pleasant climate ，rich natural resources and beautiful scenery ，...is one of China's major tourist
cities.
6 ．A trip along...will enable you to get to know...
★余味结尾
1 ．...is well worth visiting.
2 ．...is a place you have to visit and the extraordinary view will make you unwilling to leave.
练习 1
假定你叫李华，你的朋友 Jo 将从英国到你的家乡海口旅游。她来信询问有关海口的基本情况，请你给
她回信。信的内容包括：
1 ．海口的基本情况：
(1)地理位置(海南岛北部) (2)人口(227.21 万人) (3)面积(2304.84 平方公里) (4)气候
2 ．至少介绍两个著名景点。
[参考范文]
Dear Jo，
I am so excited to know that you will come to Haikou, my hometown, for a visit. I'm so honored to show it to
you.
With a population of 2,272, 100, Haikou, the capital of Hainan Province, is located in the north of Hainan
Island, covering an area of about 2,305 square kilometers. It is well-known for the pleasant climate — not too hot
in summer and not too cold in winter.
There are many tourist attractions here, especially the Holiday Beach, which enjoys a beautiful and gentle coastline（海岸线） with sparkling （波光粼粼的）waters, waving coconut trees （椰子树）and plenty of sunshine. Besides, Wugong Temple, which is now an attractive ancient architecture, was constructed in honor of （纪念） five famous people during Tang and Song Dynasties.
Looking forward to your arrival!
Yours,
Li Hua
练习 2
假定你是英国学生 Harry，有一位中国笔友 Li Hua 想了解一下你的家乡爱丁堡， 请你根据提示回复一封
电子邮件。
爱丁堡 苏格兰(Scotland)的首府，政治和文化中心
人口 约 50 万
面积 260 平方千米(square kilometres)
地理位置 苏格兰的东南部
交通 公共交通十分便利
天气 气候温和(mild climate)
旅游 最受欢迎的旅游城市之一；古老建筑众多
注意：词数 80 左右。开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Li Hua，
Today I'm writing to tell you something about Edinburgh which you asked about in the last e-mail.
Yours faithfully，
Harry
[参考范文]
Dear Li Hua ，
Today I'm writing to tell you something about Edinburgh which you asked about in the last e-mail.
Edinburgh ，located in the southeast of Scotland ，is the capital of Scotland as well as its political and cultural
centre.It covers an area of 260 square kilometres with a small population of about five hundred thousand.In the city,
you can easily get wherever you are going，using public transport.Close to seaside，Edinburgh has a mild climate， which makes it one of the most popular tourism cities in the UK.What's more ，what makes it unique is its splendid
ancient buildings standing along streets.
I would be happy to guide you around our city if you would arrange a visit here.
Yours faithfully ，
Harry
基础精练
一．用所给动词的正确形式填空
1.The mountain village （surround）by beautiful natural landscape looks amazing.
2.The family's ancestors once attended to （wound）soldiers in the First World War.
3.The young people （ attract ）by the legend of Loch Ness watched over the lake with their cameras and
binoculars （position）on the hill.
4.Judy and I had our car ark）in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square, where we could get our
car battery （charge）.
5.When we finally reached the service desk to ask for audio guides, we heard it （ announce ）that there
were no audio guides left.
6.Judy had her eyes （fix）on Van Gogh's Sunflowers. It was hard to approach the painting as there were
so many people around.
7.She had a copy of the painting （box）to ensure that it was delivered safely.
8. The scientist attended the meeting (hold) in the Great Hall of the People.
9. Linjiang Bridge (build) in a shape of fish in Wuhu, Anhui Province was put into use in 2008.
10.With all the tasks (finish) ahead of time, he decided to set out on his travel.
11. Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself (remind ) of his own dreams.
12. Claire had her luggage (check) an hour before her plane left.
13. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English (improve) in a
short period.
14. Listen! Do you hear someone (call) for help
15. So far, about 40 houses have fallen down under the weight of the snow, with 22 people （injure）.
一．1. surrounded 2. wounded 3. attracted； positioned 4. parked ； charged 5. announced6. fixed 7. boxed 8.held
9.built 10.finished 11.reminded 12.checked 13. improved 14. calling15. injured
二.短文语法填空
The Amber Room was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it.The
1. (select)amber had 2. beautiful yellow-brown colour like honey.The design of the
room was 3. the fancy style popular in those days.It was also a treasure 4.
(decorate)with gold and jewels ，5. took the country's best 6. (artist)about ten years to make.
Later ，Catherine Ⅱhad the Amber Room 7. (move)to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent
her summers.8. (sad) ，the Amber Room 9. (consider)one of the wonders of the world，
is now 10. (miss).
【答案】1.selected2.a 3.in 4.decorated5.which 6.artists7.moved8.Sadly9.considered10.missing
三.语法填空
In much of Asia ， especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China ，Japan ，Korea ， 1.
Vietnam ，food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
Chopsticks are usually two long ，thin pieces of wood or bamboo.They can also be made of plastic ，animal bone or metal.Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic.Truly elegant chopsticks might 2. (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 3. (create)
special designs.
The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years.People probably cooked their food in large pots ， 4. (use) twigs (树枝) to remove it.Over time，5. the population grew，people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which
6. (gradual) turned into chopsticks.
Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius ， 7. lived from roughly 551 to 479 B ．C. ，influenced the 8. (develop) of chopsticks.Confucius believed knives would remind people of
killings and 9. (be) too violent for use at the table.
Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India，for example，most people traditionally eat 10.
their hands.
【语篇解读】 本文介绍了筷子的材质和中国使用筷子的悠久历史及文化内涵。
1 ．and 【解析】考查并列连词。分析句子结构及语境可知， Vietnam 与空前的“China ，Japan ，Korea”之间
是并列关系，故填并列连词 and。
2 ．be made 【解析】考查被动语态。此处指真正雅致的筷子可能是由金和银做成的。根据 make 与句子主
语“Truly elegant chopsticks”之间是动宾关系及空前的“might”可知，此处应填 be made。
3．to create 【解析】考查非谓语动词。熟练的工人也会把各种各样的硬木和金属组合起来以创作独特的设
计。根据句意可知，此处应用不定式作目的状语。
4．using 【解析】考查非谓语动词。 use 与其逻辑主语 people 之间是主谓关系， 故此处用现在分词作状语。 5 ．as 或 when 【解析】考查状语从句。随着人口的增长或当人口增长时，人们开始把食物切成小片。根
据句意和句子结构可知，空处引导状语从句，表示“ 随着”或“ 当…… 时” ，故填 as 或 when。
6 ．gradually 【解析】考查副词。应用副词修饰动词。
7 ．who 【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知， 空处在此引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为
Confucius，且关系词在从句中作主语，故填 who。
8 ．development 【解析】考查名词。根据空前的“the”及空后的“of”可知，此处应填名词 development。
9 ．were 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。根据句中的“believed”可知， 此处描述的是过去的情况， 应用一般
过去时；从句主语为 knives，谓语动词应用复数。故填 were。
10 ．with 【解析】考查介词。此处指大部分人用手吃饭，故填 with。
能力提升
2022 年全国甲卷英语
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.
A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step 41
(journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, 42 lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation 43 (bold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient
Silk Road. 44 friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental 45 (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more 46 (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000
plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.
In the last five cars. Cao 47 (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the
top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s 48 (high) mountain.
Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700
kilometers 49 Xi’an to Kashgar on seat. 20, 50 (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
【答案】41. to journey 42. who 43. held 44. A 45. protection 46. meaningful
47. has walked 48. highest 49. from 50. planning
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是一个失明的北京男子曹盛康徒步旅行一带一路的事情。
41 考查非谓语动词。句意：近日， 一名来自北京的盲人徒步 40 天来到西安，作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第 一步。分析句子结合句意可知， journey 为动词，表示“旅行” ，step 前面有序数词，应用不定式，作后置定
语。故填 to journey。
42 考查定语从句。句意：在 1100 公里的旅程中， 8 岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的 40 个城市和县。分析句子结合句意可知， 此处是非限定性定语从句， 先行词为 Cao Shengkang，指人， 在从句
中作主语，应用关系代词 who 引导。故填 who。
43 考查非谓语动词。句意：受到在北京举行的“一带一路” 国际合作高峰论坛的启发，曹决定徒步穿越这条 路线， 以向古代丝绸之路致敬。分析句子可知， 本句已有谓语动词 decided，所以 hold 应用非谓语动词形式，
hold 与 cooperation 之间为逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语，表被动。故填 held。
44 考查冠词。句意：他的一位朋友吴凡在旅行中自愿成为他的同伴。根据句意可知，此处泛指“他的一个朋
友” ，应用不定冠词， friend 以辅音音素开头，应用 a ，空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填 A。
45 考查名词。句意：曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾，以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词 environmental 可
知，此处应用名词 protection，作宾语， protection 表示“保护” 时，是不可数名词。故填 protection。
46 考查形容词。句意：曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是 make 复合结构，应用形容词
meaningful，作宾语补足语。故填 meaningful。
47 考查动词时态。句意：在过去的五年中，曹操穿越了六大洲的 34 个国家， 2016 年，他到达了乞力马扎 罗山顶， 这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语 in the last five years 可知， 此处应用现在完成时， 主语 Cao 为
第三人称单数，助动词用 has。故填 has walked。
48 考查形容词最高级。句意：在过去的五年中，曹穿越了六大洲的 34 个国家， 2016 年，他到达了乞力马 扎罗山顶， 这是非洲最高的山峰。根据空前 Africa’s 可知， 此处表示乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山脉， 应用
形容词最高级。故填 highest。
49 考查介词。句意： 9 月 20 日，他从 4700 公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。根 据句意和 Xi’an to Kashgar 可知，此处表示“从西安飞往喀什” ，应用介词 from，固定搭配 from…to…表示
“从…… 到 ……” 。故填 from。
50 考查非谓语动词。句意： 9 月 20 日，他从 4700 公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西 安。分析句子可知，已有谓语动词 flew，所以动词 plan(计划)应用非谓语动词形式， plan 与主语 He 之间为
逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，表主动。故填 planning。
2022 年全国甲卷英语
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Important Things to Know When Dining Out
Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. 16 . Knowing
some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the
world.
Chopstick Rules
The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down
between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you.
17 .
Hands or Utensils (餐具)
In India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you
to eat with a utensil in each hand. 18 , instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touch
any food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons.
Making Requests
19 . In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their
seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.
Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various
countries. 20 , the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.
A. The more friends you make in your lifetime
B. The more time you spend in any given country
C. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
D. Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E. It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate
F. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
G. It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal
【答案】 16. D 17. F 18. C 19. G 20. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些外出就餐时要知道的一些重要事情。
16 根据文章标题“Important Things to Know When Dining Out (外出就餐时要知道的重要事情)”可知，本文主 要介绍的是外出就餐时应该知道的重要事情。由此可知， D 项“Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant (不要在餐馆犯尴尬的错误)”符合语境，其中“at a restaurant”对应标题中的“When Dining Out”， 同时引起下文“Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the world. (知道一些技巧将有助于确保你和朋友或家人一起享受一顿愉快的晚餐——
无论你在世界的哪个地方)”。故选 D。
17 根据本段小标题“Chopstick Rules”可知， 本段主要讲述的是使用筷子的规则。根据上文“When you put them
down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you.
(当你在吃的间隙把它们放下来的时候， 一定要把它们放在一起，这样它们就和你面前的桌子边缘平行了)” 可知， 此处讲述了正确使用筷子的方式。由此可知， F 项“Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them (不要把它们笔直地插在你的食物中， 也不要在使用它们时交叉放置)”讲述的也是使用筷子时的
注意事项，符合此处语境，其中“them”指的是上文的“chopsticks”。故选 F。
18 根据本段小标题“Hands or Utensils (餐具)”可知，本段主要讲述的是手和餐具的问题。根据上文“In India and
the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a
utensil in each hand. (在印度和中东， 用左手吃饭被认为是非常不礼貌的。法国人希望你每只手拿一个餐具吃 饭)”及下文“instead preferring to use their hands (相反更愿意使用他们的双手)”可知， 此处在讲述不同国家就餐 时习惯使用哪只手的问题。由此可知， C 项“Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils (墨西哥人认
为用餐具吃饭是不合适的)”符合语境，与下文形成转折关系。故选 C。
19 根据本段小标题“Making Requests”可知，本段主要讲述的是用餐时提请求的问题。根据下文“In
Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their seasoning skills.
Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food. (在葡萄牙， 这将是一个严重的错误， 因为这向 厨师表明你不喜欢他们的调味技巧。同样， 在意大利， 永远不要要求在食物中添加额外的奶酪)”可推知， 在 一些国家，用餐时提出要求是很无礼的。由此可知，G It may seem like simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal (吃饭时要盐和胡椒看似很简单)”符合此处语境， 其中“request”是关键词， 说明， 在用餐时提出一些
我们看来很平常的要求在某些国家是无礼的。故选 G。
20 根据下文“the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices. (你就会对它的外国文化
习俗感到越舒服)”可推知， 此处指在一个国家待得越久， 就会越习惯当地习俗， 且此处是“the+比较级， the+
比较级”结构， B 项“The more time you spend in any given country (你在某个国家待的时间越长)”符合文意，引
出下文。故选 B。
