非谓语动词
目录 语法导航：温习语法知识 小试牛刀：基础过关+能力提升
考点一非谓语动词的形式和句法功能
种类 不定式 动词 ing 动词 ed
时态 一般式 进行式 完成式 一般式 完成式 一般式
主动 to do to be doing to have done doing having done ×
被动 to be done × to have been done being done having been done done(vt.)表示被动 完成
主语 √ √ ×
宾语 √ √ ×
宾补 √ √ √
表语 √ √ √
定语 √ √ √
状语 √ √ √
考点二非谓语动词作状语
1.动词 ing
（1.）表示：结果，时间，伴随，原因，条件，方式，让步...
①结果：表示顺其自然的结果
I always study hard, (make) me have a good grade.我总是努力学习，使得我有好成绩。
写作经常可以搭配含义“使” 的动词（make,leave）使用来变成一个高级句子=由 which“这” 引导的定从
I always study hard,making(make) me have a good grade.
=I always study hard,which makes/leaves me have a good grade.
②时间：doing 表示与谓语动作发生时间差不多但发生在谓语动词之前强调先后要用 having done！！！
如果被动需变成 having been done 可写在作文
(hear) the news,they got very excited.“ 听到这个消息，他们很兴奋”
（clean） the desks,we began reading books.“擦完桌子之后，我们便开始读书”
(show) around the classroom,we were taken to see the library.“我们被带领看
了教室后，又被带去看图书馆”
2.动词 ed
（1. ）表示动作与主语之间为动宾关系（被动）
(see) from the top of the mountain,the city is very beautiful.“从山顶上看，这座城市很美”
3.动词 todo
① 目的状语，不定式的动作必须由主语发出，位于句首和句中，形式上还可用 in order to do ，so as to do，
但是 so as to do 不能放于句首
In order (pass) the exam,he worked hard.“为了通过考试，他努力学习”
They made a study (study)the creature.
“为了研究这个生物，他们制定研究”
②结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果，常于 only 连用（only to do）被动语态 only to be done
We hurried to the station,only (find) that the train had left.“我们匆忙地赶到车站，结果发
现车已经走了”
We hurried to the station,only (tell) that the train had left.“我们匆忙地赶到车站，结果被
告诉车已经开车了”
③原因状语，放在形容词和动词-ed 形式之后做表语，与其构成原因状语，常见的有
(happy,lucky,sorry,proud,disappointed,surprised,ready,delighted,clever,foolish,pleased...)
一般搭配 be：be+adj./v-ed+to do（固定）
We’re proud (be) young people of China.“我们做为中国青年而自豪”
4.独立主格结构（ 充当状语）
作文高分的写法
①结构：真正主语+谓语+逻辑主语+分词；也可以反过来逻辑主语+分词+真正主语+谓语 ！！记住要，隔
开（两个主语）
②独立主格=逻辑主语+分词
③做状语
④逻辑主语（名词/代词）+分词（adj./n./doing/done/to do...）！！！写作分词部分我们就写 adj.doing（主
动）done（被动）
The work（逻辑主语）done（分词）,we(真正的主语) went（谓语） home.“工作做完之后，我们回家”
Mom(真主)insisted（谓语）that we（should）go camping in the next village，her eyes （逻辑主语）twinkling
（分词）with joy.“妈妈坚持要求我们在一下个村庄野营，她的眼中闪烁着兴奋的光芒”
随堂小练 1
1.Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period, (exceed) the expected number of 12,000 held by
market analysts.
2.Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online (save) their valuable time.
3.The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, (allow) more patients to be treated.
4.Many Chinese brands, (develop) their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the
modern market.
5.Sixteen years earlier, Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring (cook) a meal.
6.Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal (create)special designs.
7.People probably cooked their food in large pots, (use) twigs(树枝)to remove it.
8. (make)it easier to get in touch with us, you乌d better keep this card at hand.
9. (order)over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.
10.Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, (turn)the old town into a dreamland.
考点三非谓语动词作定语
1.动词 ing
①单个动词 ing 一般做前置定语，动词 ing 形式的短语一般是后置定语，表示用途，说明名词/代词的性质，
特征，强调动作。a sleeping car=a car for sleeping
②主动进行
You spend a day driving along the new highway (connect) Cusco to Lake Titicaca.
2.动词 ed
①单个动词 ed 一般做前置定语，动词 ed 形式的短语一般是后置定语，表示用途，说明名词/代词的性质，
特征，强调状态。
The polluted water caused diseases and death.
②被动完成
Tsinghua University, (found) in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures. “成立于 1911 的清华大学是许多杰出人物的家”
③由前面 doing 强调动作正在进行和 done 强调状态完成，可得某些短语的区别：
boiling water 正在沸腾的水
boiled water 已经烧开的水（开水）
3.动词 todo
①通常位于所修饰的名词或者代词之后，与其构成主谓或者动宾的关系
She is always the first to come and the last to leave.(主谓)
Have you got a letter to write (动宾)
②当名词或代词前有序数词，形容词最高级，the very ，the last ，the only 修饰，且与逻辑主语为主谓关
系时，用动词不定式做定语！！！被动语态 to be done
He is the best man to do the job.
He is the last man to be told the news.
③当名词是表示将来的抽象意义（dream ，goal ，ability ，chance ，idea ，plan ，way ，opportunity...）用 to
do 做后置定语（固定）主动表被动
She got a chance to study abroad.
④作定语的动词不定式中，其中动词为不及物动词，不定式要加必要的介词。
He is a very nice person to work with.
随堂小练 2
1.A sugar painting is made with (melt) brown or white sugar.
2.Although I had money and a place (sleep), but I recognized that I needed help too.
3.The survey of a team in Canada found that one in four of all microfibers in the samples (take) across
Canada, from Toronto to the Arctic were blue jeans.
4.They feel the full stop once (use) in traditional texting is not essential at all because the message is now
ended just by sending it.
5.In the experiments, the researchers asked hundreds of participants to write an email to someone close to them
(express) their appreciation and giving a specific example of how that person made their lives better.
6.TOYOTA has announced an e-Palette Concept Vehicle( 概念车) (design)to meet various demands of
future transportation and business applications.
7.The HZMB, (locate) at the waters of the Lingdingyang of Pearl River estuary, is a huge sea-crossing
bridge, linking Hong Kong and Macao to the Chinese mainland city of Zhuhai.
8.As we all know, the marathon is another, which is a long-distance race (create) in honour of a Greek
soldier running from Marathon to Athens to report the victory at the Battle of Marathon.
9.On average, fresh organic fruits and vegetables contain 50 percent more vitamins and minerals than food
(treat)with chemicals.
10.Louis Cha,better (know) by his pen name Jin Yong, died on Tuesday at the Hong Kong Sanatorium &
Hospital at age 94.
考点四 非谓语动词作宾补
复合结构
(
With
)
1.with+O.+OC.(充当定语和状语)
OC. ① :形容词或介词短语或副词（形容词比较常见）
With everything ready:一切准备就绪
②:doing:主动进行
③ :done:被动完成
④ :to do:主动将来
(
Find
)
（found ，found）
2.find+o.+oc.
Oc. ① :形容词或者介词短语
②：doing：主动进行
③：done：被动完成或者状态
扩展：find+it(形式宾语)+形容词/名词+to do(真正的宾语)...
感官动词
感官动词+o.+oc.（see,notice,look at,watch,observe,spot,listen to,hear,feel,taste,smell...）
Oc.①doing:主动进行
②done：被动完成
③（to）do：主动，全过程！！！省略 to 的不定式！！！
扩展：③用于被动语态中要还原 to，此时宾补变成主补。I see him enter the building.(主动)
He was seen to enter the building.(被动)
使役动词
使役动词+o.+oc.(make,have,drive,leave,get,let,)
Oc.①doing:主动进行
②done：被动完成
③（to）do：主动持续！！！get 和 let 不省略 to
随堂小练 3
1.As I approached my car, I noticed one person (stand) beside me.
2.During the Qin Dynasty, to keep the enemy out of his empire, Qin Shi Huang had all the walls (join) up.
3.With less people (choose) to make sugar paintings, the traditional Chinese folk craft might have become a
distant memory in some ways.
4.In western countries, after a long day with the sun (burn) your back, a bottle of cold water sounds like the
perfect solution.
5.Do not open your mouth to talk, unless you have swallowed your food. Also, chew food with your mouth
(close).
考点五非谓语动词作主语和宾语和表语
1 ．动词不定式和动名词(短语)作主语
不定式(短语)作主语，表示某一具体的，尤其是未发生的动作；动名词(短语)作主语，表示抽象的、泛 指的动作， 尤其是一般行为倾向。两者可位于句首， 也可用 it 作形式主语， 而把不定式或动名词(短语)置于 后面。动名词(短语)用 it 作形式主语代替时， 常用于“Itisnouse/gooddoingsth”结构中。不定式和动名词(短
语)作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
①It's not easy to learn English well. as much as possible is necessary.学好英语不容易，广泛阅
读是有必要的。
②It is no good without practice.只学习不实践没有好处。
③It's important for the figures regularly.对数字进行定期更新很重要。
2 ．动词不定式和动名词可用作宾语
(1)afford, agree, ask, decide, desire, expect, fail, hope, manage, promise, pretend, plan, intend, refuse, wish 等动词
后要接不定式作宾语。
①The small boy wanted a computer of his own.这个小男孩想拥有一台属于自己的电脑。
(2)come, get, grow 后接不定式作宾语时，意为“逐渐地 … …”。
②She has a hot temper, but you will grow her.她脾气很急，但你会渐渐喜欢她的。
(3)admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, risk, resist, suggest 等动词后要接动名词作宾语。
③Bill suggested a meeting on what to do for the Expo during the vacation. 比尔建议召开一个
关于在假期为世博会做些什么的会议。
(4)give up, feel like, keep on, insist on, look forward to, put off, devote ... to, object to, be busy (in), get down to, have difficulty/trouble (in), have a good/wonderful/hard time (in), have fun 等短语后要接动名词作宾语。
④I had great difficulty (in) the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.在那个餐馆，我
很难从菜单上找到合适的食物。
(5)动词 like, love, prefer, hate 等后接不定式或动名词作宾语均可。但表示经常性的动作要用动名词， 表示具
体的行为要用不定式。
⑤I like swimming, but I don't like to swim this afternoon.我喜欢游泳，但今天下午不想去。
(6)动词 need, require, want作“ 需要”讲时，其后要用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语。且句子
的主语通常为表示事物的名词。与此有相同用法的动词还有 deserve “值得”。
⑥The window needs cleaning/to be cleaned.窗户需要擦了。
(7)介词后一般要接动名词作宾语。但介词 but/except 后接不定式作宾语时，如前面有实义动词 do，不定式
就要省略 to。
⑦Upon at the airport, he delivered an important speech.一到机场，他就发表了重要演讲。
⑧He has nothing to do but down and sleep.无事可做，他只能躺下睡觉。
(8)动词，如：find, feel, think, expect, consider, make 等常用于“... it＋adj./n. ＋to do”结构中， it 为形式宾语， to
do 为真正的宾语，形容词或名词作宾语补足语。
⑨He found difficult to work out the problem.他发现很难解决这一问题。
(9)既可用动名词，又可用不定式作宾语，但意义区别明显的动词：
例词 后接动名词 后接不定式
remember/ forget/ regret remember/forget/regret doing 表示动作已发生 remember/forget/regret to do 表示动作未发生
try try doing 试着做 try to do 努力做
stop stop doing 停止正在干的事 stop to do 停下来做别的事
⑩I still remember being taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.我仍记得别人带我去过法门寺，并记
得在那里所看到的事物。
—I regret to inform you that your application has not been successful.
—Not successful I performed pretty well in my interview!
——我很遗憾地通知你，你的申请没有成功。
——没成功？在面试中我表现得很出色呀！
3．动词不定式、动词-ing 形式和过去分词可用作表语
(1)当动词-ing 形式或过去分词作表语时，它们大多数是已经形容词化的，而且大多数是与心理状态有联系
的词。
①The story sounds interesting.这个故事听起来有趣。
②She is interested in the story.她对那个故事感兴趣。
(2)表示一般的概念时，不定式、动词-ing 形式可以互换，而表示具体的、个别的动作或有将来含义时，一
般用不定式。
③What she likes is watching/to watch children play.她喜欢的事情就是看孩子们玩耍。
④ My wish is to become a good teacher.我的愿望就是要当个好老师。
注意：下列情况下不定式作表语通常省略 to：
（1）主语是 all乌其后有 that 引导的定语从句乌或 what 引导的从句，且从句中含有 do 的某种形式时。
（2）主语是 the only， the first， the last，形容词最高级或被这些词修饰，主语后有定语乌从句乌，且定语
乌从句乌中含有 do 的某种形式时。
All you need to do now is complete the form.你现在要做的是把这张表填好。
What I want to do most in senior high school is improve my English.我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英语水
平。
The only thing to do now is go on.前进是现在唯一的出路。
4．“特殊疑问词/whether ＋不定式”结构。该结构是对不定式用法的一个扩展其用法为：
a.语法功能：作主语、宾语、表语等
(
和疑问副词
how
，
when
，
where
等
c.“特殊疑问词/whether＋不定式”相当于一个名词
性从句，所以常常可以用对应的从句来代替
){b.常见特殊疑问词：疑问代词 who， what， which 等
①The teacher taught the students how to do the experiment.(作宾语)老师教学生们如何做这个实验。
②When to start (＝When we shall start) has not been decided.(作主语)何时动身尚未决定。
③The problem is where to put this computer.(作表语)问题是该把这台计算机放在哪儿。
注意：（1）“特殊疑问词/whether＋不定式”通常用在 tell，show， understand， explain， teach， learn， discuss
等词后作宾语。
（2）“特殊疑问词/whether＋不定式”作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。
（3）“特殊疑问词/whether＋不定式” 中，用特殊疑问副词和 whether 时，不定式用主动形式；用疑问代词， 且构成不定式的动词与疑问代词为动宾关系时，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义，且不定式后一般不能再
加宾语。
随堂小练 3
1.The daughter, Zhi Nu, and the cowherd, Niu Lang, got (marry) and the couple lived happily for several
years.
2.It would be good (explain) to the students what skills they can get through courses or assignments at
different stages.
3.First of all, (become)aware of what causes your worry will help to reduce the stress.
4.They often seem (dislike) being questioned.
5.But mobile phones are also a threat to our health. (use) them for too long tends to make us passive and
ignore physical exercise,which will cause obesity and poor eyesight.
6.To really appreciate and understand another language you need (understand) its culture and philosophy.
7.World Industrial Design Day is for teaching people about the history of industrial design and potentially
(get) people interested in the profession.
8.He walked away from his real estate career to commit his life to (help) others change their lives and
overcome their challenges.
基础过关
考点一、单词语法填空
1.They started towards the village with the boy (lead) the way.
2.There is one thing I dislike about him. He never admits (make) a mistake.
3 ．A lot of people attach great importance to (become) rich and famous.
4 ．His dearest wish is (see) his grandchildren again.
5 ．If you don’t know what you want, you might end up (get) something you don’t want.
6 ．John is not here. Try (phone) his home number, and maybe you can find him.
7 ．Molly told me (use) flash cards was one of the most useful learning strategies.
8 ．The educational software (aim) at helping students improve their math skills has been updated to include
more interactive lessons and additional exercises.
9 ．Her job is (teach) sign language in a school.
10 ．With his eyes (focus)on his screen, he didn’t notice me enter his studio.
11 ．The digital age also enables us (find) people who share our interests, such as collecting model cars
or playing an unusual instrument.
12 ．For Alistair, his decision was easy (explain).
13 ．We need to try other approaches to (solve) the problem.
14 ．With the night (fall), there was no news and I was on pins and needles.
15 ．The only way for us (survive) is to live in harmony with nature.
16 ．On social media sites, people tend (post) only positive updates that make them appear happy and
friendly.
17 ．You couldn’t imagine the trouble we had (learn) the English idioms.
18 ．Our monitor was sitting in the library, with her head (bury) in the book in her hands.
19 ． (occupy) himself with the job, the president has little time with his family.
20 ．Our (late) for school made the teacher angry.
能力提升
一、语法填空
The idea of 1. (be) able to walk on the water has long interested humans greatly.Sadly,biological facts prevent us ever 2. (accomplish) such a thing without artificial aid—we simply weigh too much,and all our mass(质量) pushes down through our relatively small feet, 3. (result) in a lot of pressure that makes us 4.
(sink).
However, several types of animals can walk on the water. One of the most 5. (interest) animals is the common basilisk Basilicus basilicus, a lizard(蜥蜴)native to Central and South America.It can run across the water for a distance of several meters, avoiding 6. (get) wet by rapidly 7. (hit) the water’s surface with its feet. The lizard will take as many as 20 steps per second to keep 8. (move) forward. For humans 9.
(do) this, we’d need huge feet that we could bring up to our ears 10. (create) adequate “hitting” .
二、语法填空
The truth that trees are vital to our life is not a secret. They provide us with food, wood and most importantly,
oxygen. Now there is one more thing we can add to this list—1. (block)out harmful bacteria from water.
The discovery was made by a team 2. (consist) of scientists from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and high school students who were seeking a natural water filter—one that would help
communities in 3. (develop) countries that do not have access to modern water filter systems.
The researchers, 4. (lead) by Professor Rohit Karnik, decided 5. (turn) to trees for help because
they could allow liquid 6. (flow) through, while blocking out air bubbles.
They began by 7. (cut) 1.5-inch-wide sections of tree bark from the branches of a white pine tree. The people 8. (relate) then tested the wood’s filtering ability by pouring water 9. (contain) red dye particles of different sizes through. To their amazement, they found that it was effective in trapping all the articles. 10. (encourage), the team conducted another experiment, this time with water that contained bacteria. Sure
enough, the sapwood held back 99% of the bacteria, allowing only 1% to flow through.
2022 年新高考全国Ⅱ卷
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1. 2-metre fence, and held out his arms to
catch the 36 (fall) child.
Eric Brown, only three years old, knocked Henry down when he fell. The boy is in the hospital and doctors say
he'll be OK.
37 Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto. On the day of the accident, Mrs. Brown
was at work and Eric was at home with his father. They both fell 38 (sleep) while watching TV.
Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and
climbed up 39 (see) them. When he looked down, he 40 (accidental ) slipped and fell over the edge. He
hung on for a few minutes 41 screamed for his father, but his father didn't hear him.
Henry 42 (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony.
He quickly 43 (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
He saved my 44 (son) life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know 45 to thank him. ”
"I just didn't want the boy to be hurt," said Henry.
2022 年全国甲卷
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.
A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step 41
(journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, 42 lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car
accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International
Cooperation 43 (bold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient
Silk Road. 44 friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental 45 (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more 46 (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000
plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.
In the last five cars. Cao 47 (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top
of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s 48 (high) mountain.
Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700
kilometers 49 Xi’an to Kashgar on seat. 20, 50 (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.非谓语动词
目录 语法导航：温习语法知识 小试牛刀：基础过关+能力提升
考点一非谓语动词的形式和句法功能
种类 不定式 动词 ing 动词 ed
时态 一般式 进行式 完成式 一般式 完成式 一般式
主动 to do to be doing to have done doing having done ×
被动 to be done × to have been done being done having been done done(vt.)表示被动 完成
主语 √ √ ×
宾语 √ √ ×
宾补 √ √ √
表语 √ √ √
定语 √ √ √
状语 √ √ √
考点二非谓语动词作状语
1.动词 ing
（1.）表示：结果，时间，伴随，原因，条件，方式，让步...
①结果：表示顺其自然的结果
I always study hard,making (make) me have a good grade.我总是努力学习，使得我有好成绩。
写作经常可以搭配含义“使” 的动词（make,leave）使用来变成一个高级句子=由 which“这” 引导的定从
I always study hard,making(make) me have a good grade.
=I always study hard,which makes/leaves me have a good grade.
②时间：doing 表示与谓语动作发生时间差不多但发生在谓语动词之前强调先后要用 having done！！！
如果被动需变成 having been done 可写在作文
Hearing (hear) the news,they got very excited.“ 听到这个消息，他们很兴奋”
Having cleaned（clean） the desks,we began reading books.“擦完桌子之后，我们便开始读书”
Having been shown (show) around the classroom,we were taken to see the library.“我们被带领看了教室后，
又被带去看图书馆”
2.动词 ed
（1. ）表示动作与主语之间为动宾关系（被动）
Seen (see) from the top of the mountain,the city is very beautiful.“从山顶上看，这座城市很美”
3.动词 todo
① 目的状语，不定式的动作必须由主语发出，位于句首和句中，形式上还可用 in order to do ，so as to do，
但是 so as to do 不能放于句首
In order to pass(pass) the exam,he worked hard.“为了通过考试，他努力学习”
They made a study to study (study)the creature.
“为了研究这个生物，他们制定研究”
②结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果，常于 only 连用（only to do）被动语态 only to be done
We hurried to the station,only to find (find) that the train had left.“我们匆忙地赶到车站，结果发现车已经走
了”
We hurried to the station,only to be told (tell) that the train had left.“我们匆忙地赶到车站，结果被告诉车已
经开车了”
③原因状语，放在形容词和动词-ed 形式之后做表语，与其构成原因状语，常见的有
(happy,lucky,sorry,proud,disappointed,surprised,ready,delighted,clever,foolish,pleased...)
一般搭配 be：be+adj./v-ed+to do（固定）
We’re proud to be (be) young people of China.“我们做为中国青年而自豪”
4.独立主格结构（ 充当状语）
作文高分的写法
①结构：真正主语+谓语+逻辑主语+分词；也可以反过来逻辑主语+分词+真正主语+谓语 ！！记住要，隔
开（两个主语）
②独立主格=逻辑主语+分词
③做状语
④逻辑主语（名词/代词）+分词（adj./n./doing/done/to do...）！！！写作分词部分我们就写 adj.doing（主
动）done（被动）
The work（逻辑主语）done（分词）,we(真正的主语) went（谓语） home.“工作做完之后，我们回家”
Mom(真主)insisted（谓语）that we（should）go camping in the next village，her eyes （逻辑主语）twinkling
（分词）with joy.“妈妈坚持要求我们在一下个村庄野营，她的眼中闪烁着兴奋的光芒”
随堂小练 1
1.Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period, (exceed) the expected number of 12,000 held by
market analysts.
答案 exceeding
2.Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online (save) their valuable time.
答案 to save
3.The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, (allow) more patients to be treated.
答案 allowing
4.Many Chinese brands, (develop) their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the
modern market.
答案 having developed
5.Sixteen years earlier, Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring (cook) a meal.
答案 to cook
6.Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal (create)special designs.
答案 to create
7.People probably cooked their food in large pots, (use) twigs(树枝)to remove it.
答案 using
8. (make)it easier to get in touch with us, you乌d better keep this card at hand.
答案 To make
9. (order)over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.
答案 Ordered
10.Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, (turn)the old town into a dreamland.
答案 turning
考点三非谓语动词作定语
1.动词 ing
①单个动词 ing 一般做前置定语，动词 ing 形式的短语一般是后置定语，表示用途，说明名词/代词的性质，
特征，强调动作。a sleeping car=a car for sleeping
②主动进行
You spend a day driving along the new highway connecting(connect) Cusco to Lake Titicaca.
2.动词 ed
①单个动词 ed 一般做前置定语，动词 ed 形式的短语一般是后置定语，表示用途，说明名词/代词的性质，
特征，强调状态。
The polluted water caused diseases and death.
②被动完成
Tsinghua University,founded (found) in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures. “成立于 1911 的清华大学是许多杰出人物的家”
③由前面 doing 强调动作正在进行和 done 强调状态完成，可得某些短语的区别：
boiling water 正在沸腾的水
boiled water 已经烧开的水（开水）
3.动词 todo
①通常位于所修饰的名词或者代词之后，与其构成主谓或者动宾的关系
She is always the first to come and the last to leave.(主谓)
Have you got a letter to write (动宾)
②当名词或代词前有序数词，形容词最高级，the very ，the last ，the only 修饰，且与逻辑主语为主谓关
系时，用动词不定式做定语！！！被动语态 to be done
He is the best man to do the job.
He is the last man to be told the news.
③当名词是表示将来的抽象意义（dream ，goal ，ability ，chance ，idea ，plan ，way ，opportunity...）用 to
do 做后置定语（固定）主动表被动
She got a chance to study abroad.
④作定语的动词不定式中，其中动词为不及物动词，不定式要加必要的介词。
He is a very nice person to work with.
随堂小练 2
1.A sugar painting is made with (melt) brown or white sugar.
答案 melted
2.Although I had money and a place (sleep), but I recognized that I needed help too.
答案 to sleep
3.The survey of a team in Canada found that one in four of all microfibers in the samples (take) across
Canada, from Toronto to the Arctic were blue jeans.
答案 taken
4.They feel the full stop once (use) in traditional texting is not essential at all because the message is now
ended just by sending it.
答案 used
5.In the experiments, the researchers asked hundreds of participants to write an email to someone close to them
(express) their appreciation and giving a specific example of how that person made their lives better.
答案 expressing
6.TOYOTA has announced an e-Palette Concept Vehicle( 概念车) (design)to meet various demands of
future transportation and business applications.
答案 designed
7.The HZMB, (locate) at the waters of the Lingdingyang of Pearl River estuary, is a huge sea-crossing
bridge, linking Hong Kong and Macao to the Chinese mainland city of Zhuhai.
答案 located
8.As we all know, the marathon is another, which is a long-distance race (create) in honour of a Greek
soldier running from Marathon to Athens to report the victory at the Battle of Marathon.
答案 created
9.On average, fresh organic fruits and vegetables contain 50 percent more vitamins and minerals than food
(treat)with chemicals.
答案 treated
10.Louis Cha,better (know) by his pen name Jin Yong, died on Tuesday at the Hong Kong Sanatorium &
Hospital at age 94.
答案 known
考点四 非谓语动词作宾补
复合结构
(
With
)
1.with+O.+OC.(充当定语和状语)
OC. ① :形容词或介词短语或副词（形容词比较常见）
With everything ready:一切准备就绪
②:doing:主动进行
③ :done:被动完成
④ :to do:主动将来
(
Find
)
（found ，found）
2.find+o.+oc.
Oc. ① :形容词或者介词短语
②：doing：主动进行
③：done：被动完成或者状态
扩展：find+it(形式宾语)+形容词/名词+to do(真正的宾语)...
感官动词
感官动词+o.+oc.（see,notice,look at,watch,observe,spot,listen to,hear,feel,taste,smell...）
Oc.①doing:主动进行
②done：被动完成
③（to）do：主动，全过程！！！省略 to 的不定式！！！
扩展：③用于被动语态中要还原 to，此时宾补变成主补。I see him enter the building.(主动)
He was seen to enter the building.(被动)
使役动词
使役动词+o.+oc.(make,have,drive,leave,get,let,)
Oc.①doing:主动进行
②done：被动完成
③（to）do：主动持续！！！get 和 let 不省略 to
随堂小练 3
1.As I approached my car, I noticed one person (stand) beside me.
答案 standing
2.During the Qin Dynasty, to keep the enemy out of his empire, Qin Shi Huang had all the walls (join) up.
答案 joined
3.With less people (choose) to make sugar paintings, the traditional Chinese folk craft might have become a
distant memory in some ways.
答案 choosing
4.In western countries, after a long day with the sun (burn) your back, a bottle of cold water sounds like the
perfect solution.
答案 burning
5.Do not open your mouth to talk, unless you have swallowed your food. Also, chew food with your mouth
(close).
答案 closed
考点五非谓语动词作主语和宾语和表语
1 ．动词不定式和动名词(短语)作主语
不定式(短语)作主语，表示某一具体的，尤其是未发生的动作；动名词(短语)作主语，表示抽象的、泛 指的动作， 尤其是一般行为倾向。两者可位于句首， 也可用 it 作形式主语， 而把不定式或动名词(短语)置于 后面。动名词(短语)用 it 作形式主语代替时， 常用于“Itisnouse/gooddoingsth”结构中。不定式和动名词(短
语)作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
①It's not easy to learn English well.Reading as much as possible is necessary.学好英语不容易，广泛阅读是有
必要的。
②It is no good learning without practice.只学习不实践没有好处。
③It's important for the figures to be updated regularly.对数字进行定期更新很重要。
2 ．动词不定式和动名词可用作宾语
(1)afford, agree, ask, decide, desire, expect, fail, hope, manage, promise, pretend, plan, intend, refuse, wish 等动词
后要接不定式作宾语。
①The small boy wanted to own a computer of his own.这个小男孩想拥有一台属于自己的电脑。
(2)come, get, grow 后接不定式作宾语时，意为“逐渐地 … …”。
②She has a hot temper, but you will grow to like her.她脾气很急，但你会渐渐喜欢她的。
(3)admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, risk, resist, suggest 等动词后要接动名词作宾语。
③Bill suggested holding a meeting on what to do for the Expo during the vacation. 比尔建议召开一个关于在
假期为世博会做些什么的会议。
(4)give up, feel like, keep on, insist on, look forward to, put off, devote ... to, object to, be busy (in), get down to, have difficulty/trouble (in), have a good/wonderful/hard time (in), have fun 等短语后要接动名词作宾语。
④I had great difficulty (in) finding the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.在那个餐馆，我很难从菜
单上找到合适的食物。
(5)动词 like, love, prefer, hate 等后接不定式或动名词作宾语均可。但表示经常性的动作要用动名词， 表示具
体的行为要用不定式。
⑤I like swimming, but I don't like to swim this afternoon.我喜欢游泳，但今天下午不想去。
(6)动词 need, require, want作“ 需要”讲时，其后要用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语。且句子
的主语通常为表示事物的名词。与此有相同用法的动词还有 deserve “值得”。
⑥The window needs cleaning/to be cleaned.窗户需要擦了。
(7)介词后一般要接动名词作宾语。但介词 but/except 后接不定式作宾语时，如前面有实义动词 do，不定式
就要省略 to。
⑦Upon arriving at the airport, he delivered an important speech.一到机场，他就发表了重要演讲。
⑧He has nothing to do but lie down and sleep.无事可做，他只能躺下睡觉。
(8)动词，如：find, feel, think, expect, consider, make 等常用于“... it＋adj./n. ＋to do”结构中， it 为形式宾语， to
do 为真正的宾语，形容词或名词作宾语补足语。
⑨He found it difficult to work out the problem.他发现很难解决这一问题。
(9)既可用动名词，又可用不定式作宾语，但意义区别明显的动词：
例词 后接动名词 后接不定式
remember/ forget/ regret remember/forget/regret doing 表示动作已发生 remember/forget/regret to do 表示动作未发生
try try doing 试着做 try to do 努力做
stop stop doing 停止正在干的事 stop to do 停下来做别的事
⑩I still remember being taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.我仍记得别人带我去过法门寺，并记
得在那里所看到的事物。
—I regret to inform you that your application has not been successful.
—Not successful I performed pretty well in my interview!
——我很遗憾地通知你，你的申请没有成功。
——没成功？在面试中我表现得很出色呀！
3 ．动词不定式、动词-ing 形式和过去分词可用作表语
(1)当动词-ing 形式或过去分词作表语时，它们大多数是已经形容词化的，而且大多数是与心理状态有联系
的词。
①The story sounds interesting.这个故事听起来有趣。
②She is interested in the story.她对那个故事感兴趣。
(2)表示一般的概念时，不定式、动词-ing 形式可以互换，而表示具体的、个别的动作或有将来含义时，一
般用不定式。
③What she likes is watching/to watch children play.她喜欢的事情就是看孩子们玩耍。
④ My wish is to become a good teacher.我的愿望就是要当个好老师。
注意：下列情况下不定式作表语通常省略 to：
（1）主语是 all乌其后有 that 引导的定语从句乌或 what 引导的从句，且从句中含有 do 的某种形式时。
（2）主语是 the only， the first， the last，形容词最高级或被这些词修饰，主语后有定语乌从句乌，且定语
乌从句乌中含有 do 的某种形式时。
All you need to do now is complete the form.你现在要做的是把这张表填好。
What I want to do most in senior high school is improve my English.我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英语水
平。
The only thing to do now is go on.前进是现在唯一的出路。
4．“特殊疑问词/whether ＋不定式”结构。该结构是对不定式用法的一个扩展其用法为：
a.语法功能：作主语、宾语、表语等
(
和疑问副词
how
，
when
，
where
等
c.“特殊疑问词/whether＋不定式”相当于一个名词
性从句，所以常常可以用对应的从句来代替
){b.常见特殊疑问词：疑问代词 who， what， which 等
①The teacher taught the students how to do the experiment.(作宾语)老师教学生们如何做这个实验。
②When to start (＝When we shall start) has not been decided.(作主语)何时动身尚未决定。
③The problem is where to put this computer.(作表语)问题是该把这台计算机放在哪儿。
注意：（1）“特殊疑问词/whether＋不定式”通常用在 tell，show， understand， explain， teach， learn， discuss
等词后作宾语。
（2）“特殊疑问词/whether＋不定式”作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。
（3）“特殊疑问词/whether＋不定式”中，用特殊疑问副词和 whether 时，不定式用主动形式；用疑问代词， 且构成不定式的动词与疑问代词为动宾关系时，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义，且不定式后一般不能再
加宾语。
随堂小练 3
1.The daughter, Zhi Nu, and the cowherd, Niu Lang, got (marry) and the couple lived happily for several
years.
答案 married
2.It would be good (explain) to the students what skills they can get through courses or assignments at
different stages.
答案 to explain
3.First of all, (become)aware of what causes your worry will help to reduce the stress.
答案 becoming
4.They often seem (dislike) being questioned.
答案 to dislike
5.But mobile phones are also a threat to our health. (use) them for too long tends to make us passive and
ignore physical exercise,which will cause obesity and poor eyesight.
答案 Using
6.To really appreciate and understand another language you need (understand) its culture and philosophy.
答案 to understand
7.World Industrial Design Day is for teaching people about the history of industrial design and potentially
(get) people interested in the profession.
答案 getting
8.He walked away from his real estate career to commit his life to (help) others change their lives and
overcome their challenges.
答案 helping
基础过关
考点一、单词语法填空
1 ．They started towards the village with the boy (lead) the way.
【答案】leading
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们向村子走去，男孩在前面带路。此处为 with 复合结构，动词 lead 和
宾语 the boy 之间是主动关系，故用其现在分词作宾语补足语。故填 leading。
1. There is one thing I dislike about him. He never admits (make) a mistake.
【答案】making
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他身上有一点是我不喜欢的。他从不承认错误。 admit doing sth.“承认做过
某事”是固定短语，动名词作宾语。故填 making。
3 ．A lot of people attach great importance to (become) rich and famous.
【答案】becoming
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：许多人非常重视变得富有和出名。此处是固定搭配 attach great importance
to doing sth.意为“非常重视做某事” ，to 是介词，动名词作宾语。故填 becoming。
4 ．His dearest wish is (see) his grandchildren again.
【答案】 to see
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他最衷心的愿望是能再见到他的孙子们。分析句子结构和意思可知，动
用动词不定式结构，表示将来。故填 to see。
5 ．If you don’t know what you want, you might end up (get) something you don’t want.
【答案】getting
【解析】考查动名词。句意：如果你不知道自己想要什么，你最终可能会得到一些你不想要的东西。分析 句子结构和意思可知，这里考查动词短语 end up doing sth.，意为“最终做某事” ，get 用动名词形式作宾语。
故填 getting。
6 ．John is not here. Try (phone) his home number, and maybe you can find him.
【答案】phoning
【解析】考查动名词。句意：约翰不在。试试拨打他家的电话号码，也许你能找到他。分析句子结构和意
思可知，这里考查动词短语 try doing sth.，意为“试着做某事” ，phone 用动名词形式作宾语。故填 phoning。
7 ．Molly told me (use) flash cards was one of the most useful learning strategies.
【答案】using
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：莫莉告诉我使用抽认卡是最有用的学习策略之一。分析句子，设空处使
用动名词作主语。故填 using。
8 ．The educational software (aim) at helping students improve their math skills has been updated to include
more interactive lessons and additional exercises.
【答案】aimed/aiming
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：旨在帮助学生提高数学技能的教育软件已经更新，包括更多的互动课程 和额外的练习。该空非谓语动词形式， be aimed at doing sth.是固定短语，用其过去分词 aimed 作后置定语； 非谓语动词 aim 和前文名词短语 The educational software 之间也可看作是主动关系， 可用其现在分词作后置
定语。故填 aimed/aiming。
9 ．Her job is (teach) sign language in a school.
【答案】 to teach/teaching
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她的工作是在一所学校教手语。分析句子，设空处可以使用不定式结构
作表语，表示“将要去教学”用 to teach；或者使用动名词作表语即 teaching。故填 to teach 或者 teaching。
10 ．With his eyes (focus)on his screen, he didn’t notice me enter his studio.
【答案】focused
【解析】考查 with 的复合结构和非谓语动词。句意：他的眼睛聚焦在屏幕上，没有注意到我进入了他的工 作室。 focus one’s eyes on“把眼睛集聚焦在” 。分析句子结构可知，本句用了 with 复合结构，即“with+宾语+
宾语补足语” ，且 his eyes 与 focus 为被动关系，故用过去分词 focused，作 with 宾语补足语。故填 focused。
11 ．The digital age also enables us (find) people who share our interests, such as collecting model cars
or playing an unusual instrument.
【答案】 to find
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：数字时代也使我们能够找到与我们有共同兴趣的人，比如收集汽车模型 或演奏一种不寻常的乐器。固定搭配 enable sb to do sth“使某人能做某事” ，此处应用动词不定式， 作宾语补
足语。故填 to find。
12 ．For Alistair, his decision was easy (explain).
【答案】 to explain
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：对 Alistair 来说，他的决定很容易解释。此处是“be+形容词+动词不定式”
结构，是固定用法，故填 to explain。
13 ．We need to try other approaches to (solve) the problem.
【答案】solving
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们需要尝试其他方法来解决这个问题。动词 solve 意为“解决”；approach
to doing sth.“做某事的方法” ；故本空填动名词 solving，作介词 to 的宾语。故填 solving。
14 ．With the night (fall), there was no news and I was on pins and needles.
【答案】falling
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：夜幕降临，没有任何消息，我如坐针毡。分析句子结构可知，此处应为 非谓语动词作宾语补足语， 结合句意可知， fall 与宾语 the night 之间为主动关系， 应使用现在分词形式。故
填 falling。
15 ．The only way for us (survive) is to live in harmony with nature.
【答案】 to survive
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们生存的唯一途径是与自然和谐相处。way to do sth.做某事的方法/途径。
根据句意，故填 to survive。
16 ．On social media sites, people tend (post) only positive updates that make them appear happy and
friendly.
【答案】 to post
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：在社交媒体网站上，人们倾向于只发布让他们看起来快乐和友好的积极 更新。动词 post 意为“发布”，tend to do 意为“倾向于做某事” ，为固定搭配， 所以此处应用 to do 不定式。故
填 to post。
17 ．You couldn’t imagine the trouble we had (learn) the English idioms.
【答案】learning
【解析】考查动名词。句意：你无法想象我们学习英语习语的麻烦。分析可知，本句为省略了引导词 that
的定语从句，先行词为 the trouble ，have trouble (in) doing sth 表示“做某事有困难(很费力)”，故填 learning。
18 ．Our monitor was sitting in the library, with her head (bury) in the book in her hands.
【答案】buried
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们的班长坐在图书馆里，头埋在手里的书里。 bury(埋进…… 中)作 with
复合结构中宾语 her head 的补足语，与其逻辑主语 her head 之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填
buried。
19 ． (occupy) himself with the job, the president has little time with his family.
【答案】Occupying
【解析】查非谓语动词。句意：总统忙于工作，几乎没有时间和家人在一起。 occupy oneself with 意为“忙 于”。结合句意可知， 动词 occupy 和逻辑主语 the president 之间是主谓关系， 应用现在分词作状语， 首字母
应大写。故填 Occupying。
20 ．Our (late) for school made the teacher angry.
【答案】being late
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们上学迟到使老师生气了。分析句子可知，空处和 Our 以及 for school 搭配，作句子的主语， Our 为逻辑主语， be late for 是固定短语，意为“迟到” ，空处应用动名词 being late，
构成动名词复合结构。故填 being late。
能力提升
一、语法填空
The idea of 1. (be) able to walk on the water has long interested humans greatly.Sadly,biological facts prevent us ever 2. (accomplish) such a thing without artificial aid—we simply weigh too much,and all our mass(质量) pushes down through our relatively small feet, 3. (result) in a lot of pressure that makes us 4.
(sink).
However, several types of animals can walk on the water. One of the most 5. (interest) animals is the common basilisk Basilicus basilicus, a lizard(蜥蜴)native to Central and South America.It can run across the water for a distance of several meters, avoiding 6. (get) wet by rapidly 7. (hit) the water’s surface with its feet. The lizard will take as many as 20 steps per second to keep 8. (move) forward. For humans 9.
(do) this, we’d need huge feet that we could bring up to our ears 10. (create) adequate “hitting” .
[语篇解读] 本文主要介绍了能在水上行走的动物。
1.being 2.accomplishing 3.resulting 4.sink 5.interesting 6.getting 7.hitting 8.moving 9.to do
10.to create
二、语法填空
The truth that trees are vital to our life is not a secret. They provide us with food, wood and most importantly,
oxygen. Now there is one more thing we can add to this list—1. (block)out harmful bacteria from water.
The discovery was made by a team 2. (consist) of scientists from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and high school students who were seeking a natural water filter—one that would help
communities in 3. (develop) countries that do not have access to modern water filter systems.
The researchers, 4. (lead) by Professor Rohit Karnik, decided 5. (turn) to trees for help because
they could allow liquid 6. (flow) through, while blocking out air bubbles.
They began by 7. (cut) 1.5-inch-wide sections of tree bark from the branches of a white pine tree. The
people 8. (relate) then tested the wood’s filtering ability by pouring water 9. (contain) red dye
particles of different sizes through. To their amazement, they found that it was effective in trapping all the articles. 10. (encourage), the team conducted another experiment, this time with water that contained bacteria. Sure
enough, the sapwood held back 99% of the bacteria, allowing only 1% to flow through.
[语篇解读] 树木对我们的日常生活非常重要,它们不仅给我们提供食物、木材,最重要的是,它们还给我们提 供生存必需的氧气。树木对我们的生活还有一个非常重要的作用, 即它们可以阻止有害细菌进入我们的水源。
1.blocking 2.consisting 3.developing 4.led 5.to turn 6.to flow 7.cutting 8.related
9.containing 10.Encouraged
2022 年新高考全国Ⅱ卷
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1. 2-metre fence, and held out his arms to
catch the 36 (fall) child.
Eric Brown, only three years old, knocked Henry down when he fell. The boy is in the hospital and doctors say
he'll be OK.
37 Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto. On the day of the accident, Mrs. Brown
was at work and Eric was at home with his father. They both fell 38 (sleep) while watching TV.
Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and
climbed up 39 (see) them. When he looked down, he 40 (accidental ) slipped and fell over the edge. He
hung on for a few minutes 41 screamed for his father, but his father didn't hear him.
Henry 42 (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony.
He quickly 43 (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
He saved my 44 (son) life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know 45 to thank him. ”
"I just didn't want the boy to be hurt," said Henry.
【答案】36. falling 37. The 38. asleep 39. to see 40. accidentally 41. and 42. was fixing
43. threw 44. son's 45. how
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述的是正在修车的 Henry 拯救了挂在六楼公寓的阳台上，即将要掉下来的
小孩 Eric 的故事。
36 考查非谓语动词。句意：当亨利看到一个小男孩挂在六楼公寓的阳台上时，他跑了 100 米，跳过了 1. 2 米高的栅栏， 伸出双臂去接要掉下来的孩子。句中的 hold out为谓语动词， 设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根 据句意， fall 为动词， 意为“掉落” ， child 和 fall 之间是主动关系， 同时表示正在进行的含义。故应该使用现
在分词作定语。故填 falling。
37 考查冠词。句意：布朗一家住在多伦多郊外的一栋公寓楼里。根据句子结构， 设空处要填写冠词与 Brown family 构成名词短语作主语。 the+姓氏，意为“某某一家人” ，the 符合句意。同时该单词置于句首，首字母
应该大写。故填 The。
38 考查形容词。句意：他们俩看电视的时候都睡着了。根据句子结构可知，设空处应该填写形容词作表语。 sleep 为动词，意为“ 睡觉” ，其形容词为 asleep 。fall asleep 为固定搭配，意为“熟睡的” ，asleep 符合句意。故
填 asleep。
39 考查非谓语动词。句意：过了一会儿，艾瑞克听到孩子们在外面玩耍的声音，醒了过来。他把一把椅子 推到阳台上，爬上去看他们。句中的 climb up 为谓语动词，设空处应该使用谓语动词。根据句意，他要爬
到阳台去看他们（外面玩闹的孩子们。），故应该使用 to do 不定式作目的状语。故填 to see。
40 考查副词。句意：当他往下看时，不小心滑了一跤，从悬崖边上掉了下去。根据句子结构，设空处应该 填写副词修饰动词 slipped。accidental 为形容词， 意为“意外的， 失误的” ，其副词为 accidentally，意为“意外
地，失误地” ，符合句意。故填 accidentally。
41 考查连词。句意：他坚持了几分钟，尖叫喊着他的父亲，但他的父亲没有听到他。根据句子结构，设空
处应该填写连词，连接 hung 和 screamed 两个动作。根据句意，此处表示并列关系。故填 and。
42 考查动词。句意：听到尖叫声时，亨利正在修车。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后 的 when he heard the screams，可知， 设空处的动作是正在发生的， 同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过
去进行时。 fix 为动词，意为“修理” ，其过去进行时为 was fixing。故填 was fixing。
43 考查过去式。句意：他迅速把工具扔到一边，伸出胳膊跑了起来。根据句子结构， 设空处与空后的 and started
构成并且结构。故应该使用一般过去时。 throw 为动词，意为“扔” ，过去时为 threw。故填 threw。
44 考查名词所有格。句意：他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意， life 与提示词 son 之间是所属关系，故应该
使用名词所有格。故填 son’s。
45 考查特殊疑问词。句意：我不知道如何去感谢他。根据句子结构，设空处填写的是特殊疑问词+to do 不
定式结构作宾语。根据句意， how 意为“如何” ，符合句意。故填 how。
2022 年全国甲卷
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.
A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step 41
(journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, 42 lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car
accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International
Cooperation 43 (bold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient
Silk Road. 44 friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental 45 (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more 46 (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000
plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.
In the last five cars. Cao 47 (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top
of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s 48 (high) mountain.
Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700
kilometers 49 Xi’an to Kashgar on seat. 20, 50 (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
【答案】41. to journey 42. who 43. held 44. A 45. protection 46. meaningful
47. has walked 48. highest 49. from 50. planning
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是一个失明的北京男子曹盛康徒步旅行一带一路的事情。
41 考查非谓语动词。句意：近日， 一名来自北京的盲人徒步 40 天来到西安，作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第 一步。分析句子结合句意可知， journey 为动词，表示“旅行” ，step 前面有序数词，应用不定式，作后置定
语。故填 to journey。
42 考查定语从句。句意：在 1100 公里的旅程中， 8 岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的 40 个城市和县。分析句子结合句意可知， 此处是非限定性定语从句， 先行词为 Cao Shengkang，指人， 在从句
中作主语，应用关系代词 who 引导。故填 who。
43 考查非谓语动词。句意：受到在北京举行的“一带一路” 国际合作高峰论坛的启发，曹决定徒步穿越这条 路线， 以向古代丝绸之路致敬。分析句子可知， 本句已有谓语动词 decided，所以 hold 应用非谓语动词形式，
hold 与 cooperation 之间为逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语，表被动。故填 held。
44 考查冠词。句意：他的一位朋友吴凡在旅行中自愿成为他的同伴。根据句意可知，此处泛指“他的一个朋
友” ，应用不定冠词， friend 以辅音音素开头，应用 a ，空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填 A。
45 考查名词。句意：曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾，以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词 environmental 可
知，此处应用名词 protection，作宾语， protection 表示“保护” 时，是不可数名词。故填 protection。
46 考查形容词。句意：曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是 make 复合结构，应用形容词
meaningful，作宾语补足语。故填 meaningful。
47 考查动词时态。句意：在过去的五年中，曹操穿越了六大洲的 34 个国家， 2016 年，他到达了乞力马扎 罗山顶， 这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语 in the last five years 可知， 此处应用现在完成时， 主语 Cao 为
第三人称单数，助动词用 has。故填 has walked。
48 考查形容词最高级。句意：在过去的五年中，曹穿越了六大洲的 34 个国家， 2016 年，他到达了乞力马 扎罗山顶， 这是非洲最高的山峰。根据空前 Africa’s 可知， 此处表示乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山脉， 应用
形容词最高级。故填 highest。
49 考查介词。句意： 9 月 20 日，他从 4700 公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。根 据句意和 Xi’an to Kashgar 可知，此处表示“从西安飞往喀什” ，应用介词 from，固定搭配 from…to…表示
“从…… 到 ……” 。故填 from。
50 考查非谓语动词。句意： 9 月 20 日，他从 4700 公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西 安。分析句子可知，已有谓语动词 flew，所以动词 plan(计划)应用非谓语动词形式， plan 与主语 He 之间为
逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，表主动。故填 planning。
