牛津深圳版八年级下册Module 1 Social communication Unit2词汇课文和语法详解

牛津深圳版英语
八年级下册
第二单元词汇课文语法详解
目录
一、词汇
二、Reading：Body language
三、More Practice：Eye contact
四、Culture Corner：Different ways of greeting others
五、Grammar：动名词
词汇
1.language名词“语言”
Daily practice is the trick in learning a foreign language
每天练习是学会一门外语的诀窍
【短】body language肢体语言；foreign language外语
2.communication名词“交流，交际”
The satellite has become an important means of communication
卫星已成为一个重要的通讯工具
【派】communicate动词“交流”
【短】have communication with = communicate with 与……交流
3.ballet名词“芭蕾舞”
She invited us to see the ballet她邀请我们去看芭蕾舞
【短】ballet dancer芭蕾舞演员
4.accept动词“接受建议、邀请等”
I am very glad to accept your invitation我非常高兴地接受你的邀请
【反】refuse = reject动词“拒绝”
【派】acceptable形容词“可接受的”，acceptance名词“接受”
5.reject动词“拒绝接受，不予考虑”
I want unwise (of you) to reject his offer（你）回绝他的好意，这事办得可不聪明
【近】refuse动词“拒绝”
【派】rejection名词“拒绝”
6.meaning名词“意义，意思”
I am trying my best to understand his meaning我正在尽力弄明白他的意思
【派】mean动词“意思是”，meaningful形容词“有意义的”
7.gesture名词“手势”
Japanese don’t use as much gesture as Europeans
日本人使用手势没有欧洲人那样多
8.message名词“信息，消息”
Did you write that telephone message down 你把电话留言记下来了吗？
【短】leave a message留个信
send a message to向……发信息
take a message捎个信
9.bored形容词“对某人某物厌倦的，烦闷的”
He is bored with your long speech他对你的长篇演说感到厌烦
【派】boring形容词“令人厌烦的”，bore动词“使厌烦”
【短】be bored with = be sick of = be tired of 对……感到厌烦
10.part-time形容词“兼职的”
I’m looking for a part-time job我正在找兼职工作
【反】full-time形容词“全职的”
11.well-dressed形容词“衣着入时的，穿着讲究的”
She’s always well-dressed她总是衣着讲究
12.lady名词“女子，女士”
Ladies and gentlemen, it is time to begin our meeting
女士们，先生们，该开会了
13.sigh动词/名词“叹气，叹息”
He looked at the heavy sky and sighed他看着阴沉沉的填空，叹了一口气
14.matter名词“询问某人的情况怎么了”，动词“有关系，要紧”
What is the matter with you 你怎么了？
It doesn’t matter没关系
15.expression名词“表情，神色”
There was no expression on her face她脸上毫无表情
【派】express动词“表达”
16.appearance名词“外貌，外表，出现”
We should not judge a person by his appearance我们不应该以貌取人
【派】appear动词“出现，显得”，disappear动词“消失”
17.impression名词“印象”
He made a good impression on us on his first day at work
他第一天上班就给我们留下了好印象
【短】make a good impression on = leave a good impression on
= give …a good impression 给……留下好印象
18.towards介词“向，朝，对着”
He was walking towards town when I met him
我遇到他时，他正在往镇上走去
19.hold动词（held）“使保持在某位置”
Hold the line while I see if she’s here请别挂断电话，我去看看她在不在
【短】hold on = hang on（打电话）别挂断
20.later副词“以后，后来”
I’m very busy now. Please call back later我现在很忙，请过一会儿再来电话吧
21.remind动词“提醒，使想起”
Please remind me to write to my mother tomorrow请提醒我明天给我母亲写信
【短】remind sb of使某人回想起……
remind sb to do sth提醒某人做某事
remind sb about sth提醒某人某事
22.neck名词“脖子”
She wore a silver chain around her neck她脖子上戴着一条银项链
【短】neck by neck并驾齐驱
23.cross动词“使交叉，使交叠”
Don’t cross your legs when you sit, please坐时请不要交叉双腿
【派】across介词“穿过，在……对面”
Crossing名词“十字路口”
24.nod动词“点头”
She nodded when she passed me in the street她在街上走过我身旁时向我点了点头
【短】nod to sb向某人点头
25.shake动词（shook, shaken）“与某人握手”，摇头
【短】shake hands with sb与某人握手
Do people in Italy shake hands when they meet 在意大利，人们见面时握手吗？
26.sure形容词“确信，肯定”
I’ll make sure of the time of the flight我要核实一下这班飞机的时间
【近】certain形容词“确定，肯定”
【短】be sure of确信
be sure to do必定
make sure that设法确保
27.body language身势语，肢体语言
I found it very interesting to study body language我发现研究肢体语言很有意思
28.take place发生
When will the basketball game take place 篮球赛何时举行？
29.sit up坐起来，坐直
It took him a long time to teach his dog to sit up
他花了很长时间才教会他的狗坐立起来
30.make a good impression on……“给……留下好印象”
The young man made a good impression on them这个年轻人给他们留下了好印象
31.remind sb about sth提醒某人某事
【近】remind sb of sth提醒某人某事
Can you remind me about my dentist’s appointment tomorrow
= Can you remind me of my dentist’s appointment tomorrow
你能提醒我明天与牙医的预约吗？
Reading
1.A well-dressed lady entered the office一位穿着讲究的女士进入了办公室
well-dressed 形容词“穿着讲究的”
【拓展】dress动词“给……穿衣服”
常用短语get dressed“穿衣服”，dress up“穿上盛装，打扮”
dress up as“打扮成，装扮成”
The little girl is too young to dress herself这个小女孩太小了，不能自己穿衣服
It’s time to get up and get dressed该起床穿衣服了
The staff dress up as clowns职员们打扮成小丑的样子
2.People always choose Debbie instead of me人们总是选择戴比而不是我
instead of介词短语“代替，而不是”
instead副词“反而，代替”位于句子开头或结尾
Tom is interested in art instead of music; his sister, Mary is interested in music instead
汤姆对美术而不是对音乐感兴趣，相反，他的姐姐玛丽对音乐感兴趣
3.Communicating is more than just speaking交流不仅仅是说话
more than“不只是，不仅仅是”后面常跟名词或动词ing形式
Kate was more than a teacher. She also did what she could to take care of her students
凯特不仅仅是位教师，她还尽其所能照顾她的学生
My trip to Shanghai is more than sightseeing我去上海不仅仅是观光游玩
【拓展】more than“超过，多于”，相当于over
We planted more than one hundred trees我们栽了一百多棵树
4.Your whole appearance communicates things你整个的外观都在传递信息
①whole形容词“全部的，整体的”指事物是不可分割的，多在句中作定语
I had to listen to the whole boring story我不得不听整个无聊的故事
whole位于限定词（冠词、形容词性物主代词或所有格）之后，修饰名词单数，可数名词复数，一般前面有数量词
all 位于限定词（冠词、形容词性物主代词或所有格）之前，修饰名词复数或不可数名词
a whole day一整天，two whole weeks整整两周
all the money所有的钱
②appearance名词“外貌，外表”
We should not judge a person by his appearance我们不应该以貌取人
【拓展】appear动词“出现”
A strange man appeared at the party一个陌生的男子出现在了宴会上
5.You don’t give people a good impression, Simon
你没给人留下一个好印象，西蒙
①impression on sb“对某人的印象”
impression of sth“对某事/某物的印象或感觉”
I have a good impression on Jack, and he has a good impression of driving
我对杰克印象很好，他对开车感觉很好
②impress动词“给……留下极深的印象”
We interviewed lots of people, but none of them impressed us
我们面试了许多人，但都没有给我们留下什么印象
6.She’s holding her head up她一直昂着头
hold(held, held)动词“使保持在某位置”
Hold your hands in front of your face把双手举在面前
【拓展】hold动词“拿着，容纳，举行”
He is holding an umbrella in his hand他手中拿着一把伞
The big room can hold about 500 people这个大房间能容纳约500人
They will hold a sports meeting next week下周他们将举行一次运动会
7.Her body language is making people feel welcome, so they go to her for help
她的肢体语言让人们感到受欢迎，因此他们向她寻求帮助
①make sb do sth“使某人做某事”
The moving story made us cry这个感人的故事使我们哭了
②go to sb for help“向某人寻求帮助”
If you have any trouble, you can go to the police for help
如果有任何麻烦，你可以向警察寻求帮助
【拓展】ask sb for help“向某人寻求帮助”
You can ask me for help when you have difficulty你有困难时可以向我寻求帮助
8.He sat up straight and tried smiling at people他坐直身体并试着向人微笑
①sit up“坐起来，坐直”后面不能跟宾语
He tried to sit up to look out of the window他努力坐起来向窗外看
②try doing“尝试做某事”只是一种尝试，不一定付出很大努力
try to do“尽力做某事”侧重尽力，为了达到目的而努力
The boy tried making a model plane这个男孩试着做一家飞机模型
The girl tried to carry a basket of apples这个女孩努力提着一篮子苹果
9.She wanted to remind me that tomorrow is her birthday
她想提醒我明天是她的生日
remind动词“提醒,，使记起”
①remind sb that……“提醒某人……”
He reminds me that I should go on他提醒我应该继续
②remind sb to do sth“提醒某人做某事”
What you said reminds me to see Mike in hospital
你说的话使我想起了去看住院的迈克
③remind sb of / about……“使某人想起……，提醒某人……”
The book reminds me of my good friend这本书使我想起了我的好朋友
10. A gerund can have its own object动名词可以有它自己的宾语
①own动词“拥有”，多指拥有土地、房屋和财产等，同义词为have
Who owns this house = Who is the owner of this house 谁拥有这幢房子？
②own代词“自己”
May I have it for my own 我可以把它当做我自己的吗？
③on one’s own“独自”，相当于by oneself
He finished the work on his own = He finished the work by himself
他独自完成了这项工作
11. What can shaking your closed hand show 晃动你握住的手表示什么？
①shake (shook, shaken) 动词“晃动，摇动”
He shook the bottle and drank the beverage他晃了晃瓶子，喝下了饮料
“握手，发抖，颤抖”
When people meet in China, they usually shake hands with each other
在中国人们见面时，他们通常彼此握手
His voice shook with fear他害怕得声音发抖
名词“摇动，抖动，颤动”
Give the bottle a good shake before opening打开瓶子前，先使劲摇一摇
②closed形容词“关闭的，封闭的”，反义词open“开着的”
It’s cold. Please keep the door closed天冷了，请关上门吧
Look! The window is closed看！窗户是关着的
12. I am looking forward to going to Beijing我盼望着去北京
look forward to“期待，盼望”，相当于expect, 指以特别愉快的心情期待着
I’m looking forward to your good news我期待着你的好消息
We are looking forward to swimming in the river我们期待着去河里游泳
13. Why not go skating 为什么不去滑冰呢？
Why not do sth. “为什么不做某事呢？”，常用于向对方提建议，
相当于Why don’t you do sth.
Why not do a part-time job = Why don’t you do a part-time job
你为什么不做一份兼职工作呢？
14. You’d better go skating你最好去滑冰
had better do sth. “最好做某事”，had better not do sth.“最好不做某事”
We had better go there early我们最好早点儿去那里
You’d better not accept his gift你最好不要接受他的礼物
15. S2 keeps getting low marks in English and wants to improve
学生2 在英语上一直得低分，想要提高成绩
keep doing sth. “一直做某事”
The workers kept working yesterday昨天工人们一直在工作
Don’t keep your son watching TV. It’s bad for his eyes
不要让你儿子一直看电视，这对他的眼睛不好
【拓展】keep sb. from doing sth.“阻止某人做某事”
You’d better keep these teenagers from playing computer games
你最好阻止这些青少年玩电脑游戏
16. Crossing one’s arms交叉双臂
cross动词“交叉”
Don’t cross your legs when you sit, please坐着时请不要交叉双腿
①cross动词“穿过，横过”
It’s very dangerous for children to cross the busy street
对孩子们来说，穿过繁忙的街道很危险
②crossing可数名词“人行横道，十字路口”
We came to a crossing我们来到了一个十字路口
③across既可作介词也可作副词，“横过”
A little child is walking across the street一个小孩正步行横过大街（介词）
It’s too wide. We can’t swim across它太宽了，我们游不过去
More Practice & Culture Corner
1.And if you look away, they may also think that you are lying.
如果你移开目光，他们也可能认为你在撒谎
Lie动词“撒谎”，也可用作名词“谎言”
The boy is dishonest. He often lies这个男孩不诚实，他经常撒谎
You can trust them because they never tell lies你可以信任他们，因为他们从不撒谎
lie与lay辨析
lie（lied, lied, lying）“说谎”
（lay, lain, lying）“躺，位于”
lay（laid, laid, laying）“放置，产卵，下蛋”
Don’t believe him. He’s lying不要相信他说的话，他在说谎
Please lie down for a while. You are too tired请躺一会儿，你太疲劳了
The old hen doesn’t lay eggs这只老母鸡不下蛋
2.These differences can cause problems这些差别能够引起问题
difference 可数名词“不同，差异，差别”
There are many differences between the two languages
这两种语言之前存在着许多不同之处
【拓展】①make a difference“有影响，起重要作用”
Do his words make a difference to your life 他的话对你的生活有影响吗？
②different形容词“不同的”
be different from“与……不同”，be different in“在……方面不同”
Chinese names are different from English names汉语名词与英语名字不同
The two sweaters are different in colour这两件毛衣在颜色上不同
3.Not using eye contact can cause problems, but using too much is not polite either
不使用眼神交流能够引起问题，但是过多地使用也不礼貌
too much“太多”，修饰不可数名词
too many“太多”，修饰可数名词复数
much too“太，非常”修饰形容词或副词
There are too many mistakes in the article这篇文章中错误太多
He drank too much beer last night昨晚他喝了太多啤酒
The weather was much too cold天气太冷了
4.Do Asians use eye contact as often as Westerners
亚洲人使用眼神交流和西方人一样频繁吗？
as……as“和……一样”，表示两者在某方面相同，
其否定形式为not as/so…as…“不如…..”
My brother plays football as well as Tom我哥哥踢足球踢得和汤姆一样好
He doesn’t earn as much as me = He doesn’t earn as much as I do
他挣的钱不如我多
5.People in different countries have different ways of greeting others
不同国家的人们有着不同的问候他人的方式
the way of doing sth = the way to do sth“做某事的方法/方式”
Do you have ways of helping others = Do you have ways to help others
你有帮助他人的方式吗？
【拓展】way“路，道路”
the way to……“去……的路”，on one’s way to……“在某人去……的途中”
This is the right way to the post office这是去邮局正确的路
He met his old friend on his way to school他在上学的路上遇见了他的老朋友
语法
动名词
1.作主语，谓语动词用单数形式
Smoking is bad for our health.抽烟有害健康。
2.作宾语，表示一般的习惯或经常性的动作。
I like playing badminton with my friends after school.
放学后我喜欢和我的朋友一起打羽毛球。
enjoy(享受), finish（完成），keep on（坚持），imagine（想象）…..
这样的动词或短语后面都是经常接动词ing形式
After she finished writing the article, she went for a walk.
她写完论文后，出去散步了。
I really enjoy listening to the song.我非常喜欢听这首歌。
3. 作表语
Her hobby is reading = Reading is her hobby.她的业余爱好是阅读。
4. 作定语
We should improve our teaching method. 我们应该改善我们的教学方法。
有些动词后面既接to do也接doing，但意义不同
1.go on doing sth继续做原来的事 go on to do sth做完一件事做另外一件事
2.stop doing sth停止正在做的事 stop to do sth停下来去做另一件事
3.forget doing sth忘记了做过的某事 forget to do sth忘记要去做某事
4.remember doing sth记得做过了某事 remember to do sth记住要去做某事
5.try doing sth尝试做某事 try to do sth 试图或努力做某事
6.mean doing sth意味着做某事 mean to do sth打算去做某事
7.need doing sth需要被做某事 need to do sth需要做某事
8.can’t help doing sth情不自禁做某事 can’t help to do sth不能帮忙做某事
9.be used to doing sth习惯做某事 be used to do sth被用来做某事
常与动名词作宾语连用的含有介词的短语
1.be busy (in) doing sth忙于做……
2.spend…(in) doing花（时间/金钱）做…..
3.succeed in doing成功做……
4.keep on doing继续做……
5.be used to doing习惯做……
6.have difficulty (in) doing = have trouble (in) doing = have problems (in) doing
做……有困难
7.be good at doing = do well in doing擅长做……
8.look forward to doing期待做……
9.give up doing放弃做….
10.pay attention to doing注意做…..