人教版八年级下册Unit 3Could you please clean your room?知识点复习总结笔记

Unit 3 Section A
Peter, could you please take out the rubbish
take out 带出去；取出
take... out of... 把…从…拿出来
rubbish n.垃圾；废弃物
a rubbish bin 垃圾桶
household rubbish 生活垃圾
take out the rubbish 倒垃圾
Could you please...
could不表过去，而是表委婉的语气
Could you please sweep the floor
floor 1）n.地板 2）n.楼层
英式英语：the ground floor 第一层
the first floor 第二层
美式英语：the first floor 第一层
the second floor 第二层
sweep the floor 扫地
sweep away 消除；彻底消除
sweep up 打扫；清扫
sweep out 打扫干净；清扫干净
sweep aside 对…置之不理；不理会
Could I at least finish watching this show？
at least 至少；起码
at most 至多；不超过
finish doing sth. 完成做某事
常接-ing作宾语：
喜欢(enjoy)错过(miss)别介意(mind)
完成(finish)愉快(have fun)勤练习(practice)
忙得(be busy)禁不住(can't help)想放弃(give up)
I think two hours of TV is enough for you !
复数名词（短语）作主语的特殊用法
【用法详解】此处 two hours 作主语，被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
在英语中，表示时间、重量、距离、价格等的复数名词（短语）作主语时，常被 看作一个整体，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
Yes, because Mom will be back from shopping any minute now．
any minute now随时，马上；在任何时候
【用法详解】一种常见的口语表达，表示事情有可能在短时间内发生或眼下就要发生。minute 还可用 moment, time 等词替换。
And she won't be happy if she sees this mess.
mess n．杂乱；不整洁
make a mess 搞得一团糟（表示动作）
be in a mess 杂乱不堪；陷入困境（表示状态）
【拓展】mess还可作动词“使不整洁；弄脏/乱” Please don't mess them up again.
I threw down my bag and went to the living room.
throw v.扔；掷
throw away/out 扔掉
throw down 扔下
throw at 向…扔去
throw to 扔给…
You should throw away/ out those old newspapers.你应该把那些旧报纸扔掉。
He threw a ball to the dog.他扔给那只狗一个球。（不含恶意）
Someone threw a stone at the car.有人朝汽车扔了块石头。（含有恶意）
Arriving home, she threw down her bag and lay on the sofa.一回到家，她就扔下包，躺在沙发上。
The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over.
the minute (that) 一……就……
the minute (that)引导时间状语从句，相当于the moment或者as soon as。
I'll tell her the minute that/the moment that/as soon as she comes．她一来我就告诉她。
I recognized him the minute/the moment/as soon as I saw his back．我一看到他的背影，就认出了他。
come over 过来；拜访
【用法详解】come over在此处相当于一个不及物动词短语，意为“过来”。come over还有“拜访”的意思，尤指到某人家中短暂造访。其后若接名词作宾语，应在名词前加to;若接地点副词作宾语，则不加to。
come over from… （通常指远距离地）从……来
You watch TV all the time and never help out around the house!
all the time 频繁；反复
【用法详解】强调某动作在某段时间内一直进行或反复发生，相当于the whole time。
The letter was in my pocket all the time．这封信一直揣在我的口袋里。
I'm just as tired as you are!
as... as... 像…（as和as之间加adj./adv.）
not as/so…as… 不如…
as much + un. + as
as many + cn.复 + as
For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I.
neither+ be动词／助动词／情态动词 ＋主语 （该结构中的neither也可用 nor 代替）
—I don't like this dress.
—Neither/Nor do I.
—Tom can't play the piano at all.
—Me neither. /Neither can I.
【拓展延伸】neither的其他用法：
作代词，意为“两者都不”。neither of结构作主语时，谓语动词用单复数形式均可。
Neither of them has/have a car.
neither... nor... 既不…也不… (谓语动词与邻近的主语保持一致)
Neither I nor he knows Linda．
作限定词，意为“两者都不”，常置于单数cn.前，对应词为both（两者都）
neither＋单数可数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
Neither sentence is correct.
“What happened " she asked in surprise.
in surprise 惊讶地；吃惊地
to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶的是
My mom came over as soon as I sat down in front of the TV.
as soon as 一…就…（主将从现）
Could I hang out with my friends after the movie
hang out 闲逛 (hang-hung-hung)
hang on 抓紧；别挂电话
hang together （观点等）前后一致
hang back 犹豫，留下，吞吞吐吐
hang up 挂断电话
Could you please pass me the salt
pass sh. sth. = pass sth. to sh.
走过；通过 The road was so narrow that cars were unable to pass.
pass 及格；合格 I was happy that I passed the exam.
（时间）过去；流逝 The days passed slowly.
Could I borrow that book
Could you lend me some money
borrow v.借；借用（借进来）
lend v.借给；借出（借出去）
borrow sth. (from sb.) （向某人）借某物
lend sth. to sb. = lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人
【拓展延伸】keep也可表示“借”，是延续性动词，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。
keep sth. for some time 表示“ 借用某物一段时间 ”。而lend 与 borrow 是短暂性动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。
I hate to do chores.
hate v.厌恶；讨厌
hate to do sth. = hate doing sth. 讨厌做某事
hate sb. to do sth. = hate sb. doing sth. 讨厌做某事
I'll finish my homework while you help me with the dishes．
while conj.与……同时；当……的时候；而；然而
作连词，引导时间状语从句，强调从句动作发生的同时，主句动作也在进行
While I was doing my homework, my father was reading
作连词，还可表示“而；然而”，强调两者之间的对比。
This shirt fits better while that one has a nicer style.
Unit 3 Section B
invite my friends to a party
invite v.邀请
invite sb. to＋地点名词邀请某人到某地
invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事
invitation n. 邀请；请柬
I do not understand why some parents make their kids help with housework and chores at home．
make sb. do sth． 使某人做某事
make sb. not do sth. 使某人不要做某事
help with (doing) sth．帮助做某事 = help (to) do sth.
Kids these days already have enough stress from school.
stress n．精神压力；心理负担 n.重读；重音
Housework is a waste of their time.
a waste of 浪费…
n.垃圾
waste v.浪费；滥用
adj.无用的；废弃的
They should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good grades and get into a good university.
四朵金花：
例词 主语 宾语 常用结构
spend 人 时间/金钱 sh. spend (s) some time/money on sth. 某人在某事／物上花费时间／金钱
sb. spend (s) some time (in) doing sth 某人花费时间做某事
sb. spend (s) some money (on) doing sth 某人花费金钱做某事
take it/物 金钱 it takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间 (doing) sth. take (s) sb. some time （做）某事花费某人多长时间
cost 物 时间 sth. cost(s) (sh.) some money 某物花费（某人）多少钱
pay 人 金钱 sb. pay (s) some money for sth. 某人为某物付多少钱
in order to 目的是；为了 否定形式：in order not to do
in order that + 从句 为了…
Also, when they get older, they will have to do housework so there is no need for them to do it now．
there is no need for sh. to do stb. 某人没有必要做某事
It is the parents’job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children．
It's one's job/duty to do sth. 做某事是某人的工作／职责（It为形式主语，动词不定式短语为真正的主语）
provide v． 提供；供应
provide sh. with sth. = provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物
And anyway, I think doing chores is not so difficult.
anyway 1）adv.而且；加之 2）不管怎样；尽管如此
It's so expensive. And anyway, the size is too small.
Anyway, we should have a try.
Children these days depend on their parents too much.
depend on 1) 依靠；信赖 2) 取决于；视……而定
It/That depends. 那得看情况
Doing chores helps to develop children's independence and teaches them how to 1look after themselves．
develop v.发展；壮大
v.患（病） The child developed eye disease when he was two.
v.养成（习惯） I developed the habit of reading every day.
development n.发展；成长
developed adj.发达的
developing adj.发展中的
independence un．独立
independent adj. 独立的
It also helps them to understand the idea of fairness.
fairness n. 公正性；合理性
in fairness 说句公道话
fair adj.公正的
unfair adj.不公正的
un fairness n.不公平；不合理
Since they live in one house with their parents, they should know that everyone should do their part in keeping it clean and tidy.
since conj. 因为；既然 prep./ conj. /adv.从……以后；自……以来
since的用法
conj.连词 因为；既然 引导原因状语从句，常位于句首。 Since you don't know the boy, I'll ask someone else.
conj. 从…以后；自…以来 引导时间状语从句常用一般过去时，主句多用现在完成时。 Mary has lived here since she was five.
prep. 从…以后；自…以来 接表示时间点的词或短语 She has been here since three o'clock this morning.
adv. 从…以后；自…以来 现在完成时连用 She left here ten years ago, and I haven't seen her since．
do one's part in (doing) sth. 尽自己的职责做某事
play a part in 参与；在…中起作用；在…中扮演角色
take part in 参与；参加
Our neighbors’ son got into a good college but during his first year, he had no idea how to take care of himself.
neighbor n. 邻居
neighborhood n.街区；城区
have no idea 不知道 = don’t know
take care of 1) 照顾= look after = care for
2) 处理；负责 Her secretary took care of the details.
take care 小心；当心 = be careful = look out
As a result, he often fell ill and his grades dropped.
as a result 结果
as a result 因为；由于=because of
fall ill 生病（fall系动词）
drop v.落下；掉下（drop-dropped-dropped）The apples dropped from the trees.
v.变弱；降低 The temperature in our hometown usually drops below.
v.放弃，停止 drop out of 辍学
n.滴；水珠
The earlier kids learn to be independent, the better it is for their future.
the + 比较级，the + 比较级。 越…越…
The more you read, the more you can learn.