上外版（2020）选择性必修第四册Unit 1 Achieving Effective Communication教材核心单词梳理讲义

选择性必修4U1
1. abroad / br d/
adv/prep. 在(船、飞机、公共汽车、火车等)上; 上(船飞机、公共汽车、火车等 )
study abroad - 在国外学习
travel abroad - 出国旅游
live abroad - 在国外居住
Some have asked us about donating goods here in the U.S. for emergency relief efforts abroad. <2024黄浦区一模B篇>
有些人问我们是否可以在美国为国外的紧急救援工作捐赠物资。
2. agenda / d nd /
n. (会议的)议程表,议事日程*
set the agenda - 设定议程
political agenda - 政治议程"
Managers should make clear the purpose of a team, what a meeting should achieve and who will take a decision. Meeting agendas at GSK, a British drugs firm, clearly say whether an item is for awareness, to gather participants’ input or intended to make a decision. <2022奉贤区二模概要写作>
管理者应明确团队的目的、会议应达到的目标以及由谁做出决定。英国制药公司葛兰素史克的会议议程明确说明了某一项目是为了提高认识、收集与会者的意见，还是为了做出决定。
3. blame /ble m/
v. 把......归咎于责怪;指责
blameless (adj.) - 无可指责的
blameworthy (adj.) - 应受责备的
put the blame on - 归咎于
take the blame - 承担责任
shift the blame - 推卸责任
But to blame these issues on Christmas shoppers is misguided, and puts us in the old trap of blaming individuals for what is a systematic problem. <2023浦东新区二模C篇>
但是，把这些问题归咎于圣诞购物者是错误的，使我们陷入了把系统性问题归咎于个人的老圈套。
4. cheat /t i t/ v. 欺编
cheat on an exam - 考试作弊
cheat the system - 欺骗系统
To prove it, he mentioned Dorothy, the heroine of Wizard of Oz who unmasks the great and powerful Wizard as a cheat. <2024浦东新区一模六选四>
为了证明这一点，他提到了《绿野仙踪》中的女主角多萝西，她揭穿了伟大而强大的魔法师的骗局。
5. compelling /k m p l /
adj. 扣人心弦的*
compel (v.) - 强迫
compelling argument - 令人信服的论点
compelling evidence - 有力的证据
It’s in the places that thrill us and compel us to keep our phones in our pockets so we can truly experience them. <2023浦东新区一模C篇>
这些地方让我们激动不已，迫使我们把手机放在口袋里，以便能够真正体验它们。
6. dramatic /dr m t k/
adj. 引人注目的;给人印象深刻的; 突然的;巨大的;令人吃惊的
drama (n.) 戏剧
dramatic effect 戏剧效果
Although boxers wear gloves during the fights, and amateur boxers even have to wear helmets, there have frequently been accidents in both professional and amateur boxing, sometimes with dramatic consequences. <2024闵行区一模六选四>
虽然拳击手在比赛中戴着拳套，业余拳击手甚至必须戴头盔，但职业和业余拳击比赛中经常发生意外，有时甚至造成严重后果。
7. emerge / m rd /
v. 显现;显露;露头
emergence (n.) 出现；浮现
emerge from 出现于
emerge as 作为...出现
Giving people concrete, detailed actions to take can help reduce panic and overreaction when a new threat emerges. <2024黄浦区一模六选四>
让人们采取具体、详细的行动，有助于在出现新威胁时减少恐慌和过度反应。
8. expectation / ksp k te n/
n. 预料;预期: 期待
expect (v.) 期待
exceed expectations 超出期望
high expectations 高期望
The lesson for them was that to succeed, you have to conform to expectations and at that time everyone expected rappers to be American.
<2024金山区一模C篇>
他们得到的教训是，要想成功，就必须符合人们的期望，而当时每个人都希望说唱歌手是美国人。
9. instinct / nst kt/
n. 本能; 天性*
survival instinct 生存本能
act on instinct 凭本能行动
Factfulness sets out to explain why, showing that there are several instincts humans have that distort our perspective.
<2023闵行区一模B篇>
实事求是试图解释其中的原因，说明人类有几种本能会扭曲我们的视角。
10. minor / ma .n r/
adj. 较小的；次要的；轻微的
minority (n.) 少数
minor issue 小问题
minor changes 小变动
Sometimes these are minor and easily handled, but other times they can rip a team apart if improperly managed. <2023虹口区一模六选四>
有时这些都是小事，很容易处理，但有时如果处理不当，就会让团队分崩离析。
11. prejudice / pr d d s/ n. 偏见; 成见
racial prejudice 种族偏见
overcome prejudice 克服偏见
In our digital age, whether we realize it or not, we’re all becoming trapped in “filter bubbles”— invisible, mental cages built from our prejudices and desire for comfort. <2023杨浦区一模概要写作>
在我们的数字时代，无论我们是否意识到，我们都被困在 "过滤泡沫 "中--由我们的偏见和对舒适的渴望所构建的无形的精神牢笼。
12. reliable /r la b l/
adj. 真实可信的
reliability (n.) 可靠性
reliable source 可靠来源
Doctors have long used walking speed to gain a quick and reliable understanding of older people’s mental capability, as it is increasingly recognized that pace is associated with not only muscular strength but also the central nervous system. <2023杨浦区一模六选四>
长期以来，医生一直利用步行速度来快速、可靠地了解老年人的精神能力，因为人们越来越认识到，步行速度不仅与肌肉力量有关，还与中枢神经系统有关。
13. suspect /s sp kt/
v. 怀疑(某人有罪)
suspicion (n.) 怀疑
suspicious (adj.) 可疑的
suspect of 怀疑
above suspicion 无可怀疑的
They suspect dogs inherited the ability from their ancestor, the gray wolf, who may use it to sniff out warm bodies during a hunt. <2024青浦区一模六选四>
他们怀疑狗从其祖先灰狼那里继承了这种能力，灰狼可能利用这种能力在狩猎时嗅出温暖的尸体。
14. sweep /swi p/
v. 猛烈吹过; 席卷
sweeping (adj.) 彻底的；广泛的
sweep the floor 扫地
sweep away 清除
sweep through 席卷
But others argue that sweeping student-loan forgiveness doesn’t help the people who need aid most. <2022虹口区一模概要写作>
但也有人认为，全面免除学生贷款并不能帮助最需要援助的人。
15. witness / w tn s/
v. 当场看到，目击(尤指罪行或事故)
n. 见证；目击者；目击证人
bear witness to 证明
witness statement 证人声明
China has witnessed a 66-fold increase in the number of applicants for teaching qualification tests over the past decade, and experts say the popularity has mainly been driven by more graduates chasing stable jobs. <2023普陀区二模概要写作>
在过去十年中，中国教师资格考试的报名人数增长了 66 倍，专家称这主要是由于越来越多的毕业生追求稳定的工作。