2024年初中英语语法知识精讲之定语从句

2024年初中英语语法知识精讲之定语从句
定语从句是英语语法中的一个重要知识点，也是高考英语语法试题中经常出现的考点。下面我将为大家归纳一些常见的英语定语从句考点，希望对大家有所帮助。
一、定语从句的定义
定语从句是指修饰一个名词或代词的从句，通常由关系代词who、whom、whose、what或关系副词when、where、why引导。
The man who I saw at the party is my friend.(关系代词)
The place where I saw her at the party is a beautiful park.(关系副词)
The book that I read last week is very interesting.(限制性定语从句)
The book, which I read last week, is very interesting.(非限制性定语从句)
The woman whom he met at the airport is his wife.(关系代词)
The job that I applied for last month was too difficult for me.(限制性定语从句)
The job, which I applied for last month, was too difficult for me.(非限制性定语从句)
The car that I saw on the street belongs to my neighbor.(关系代词)
The car, which I saw on the street, belongs to my neighbor.(非限制性定语从句)
二、定语从句的分类
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句用来限定名词或代词的范围，通常不能省略;而非限制性定语从句则可以用来提供更多的信息，通常可以省略。例如:
限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句用来限定名词或代词的范围，通常不能省略。例如:
The book that I read last week is very interesting.(限制性定语从句)
限制性定语从句通常由关系代词who、whom、whose、what等引导，它们通常放在被修饰的名词或代词之前。例如:
The man who I saw at the party is my friend.(限制性定语从句)
非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句可以用来提供更多的信息，通常可以省略。例如:
The book, which I read last week, is very interesting.(非限制性定语从句)
非限制性定语从句通常由关系代词which、that、who、whom、whose、what等引导，它们通常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。例如:
The car, which I saw on the street, belongs to my neighbor.(非限制性定语从句)
The book, which I read last week, is very interesting.(非限制性定语从句)
关系代词和关系副词的区别 关系代词用来引导定语从句，通常有who、whom、whose、what等;而关系副词用来表示时间、地点或原因，通常有when、where、why等。
关系代词和关系副词在语法上有着明显的区别，它们通常用来引导定语从句。下面是它们的区别:
作用不同 关系代词用来引导定语从句，而关系副词则用来表示时间、地点或原因。例如:
The person who/whom I saw at the party is my friend.(关系代词)
The place where/that I saw her at the party is a beautiful park.(关系副词)
在定语从句中的位置不同 关系代词通常放在它所修饰的名词之前或之后，而关系副词则通常放在它所表示的时间、地点或原因之前。例如:
The book, which I read last week, is very interesting.(关系代词在名词之后)
The place, where I saw her at the party, is a beautiful park.(关系副词在时间之前)
用途不同 关系代词通常用来表示人或事物之间的关系，而关系副词则通常用来表示时间、地点或原因。例如:
The person who I saw at the party is my friend.(关系代词)
The place where I saw her at the party is a beautiful park.(关系副词)
关系代词是用来引导定语从句的代词，通常有who、whom、whose、what等。它们用来表示人或事物之间的关系，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语或补语。例如:
The person who/whom I saw at the party is my friend.(关系代词)
The car that/which I saw on the street belongs to my neighbor.(关系代词)
关系代词在定语从句中通常放在它所修饰的名词之前或之后，起到连接作用，使定语从句与主句构成逻辑上的并列关系。例如:
The book, which I read last week, is very interesting.(关系代词在名词之后)
The car, which I saw on the street, belongs to my neighbor.(关系代词在名词之后)
关系副词是用来引导定语从句的副词，通常有when、where、why等。它们用来表示时间、地点或原因，在定语从句中充当状语，起到连接作用，使定语从句与主句构成逻辑上的并列关系。例如:
The place where/that I saw her at the party is a beautiful park.(关系副词)
The time when/that I saw her at the party was very memorable.(关系副词)
关系副词在定语从句中通常放在它所修饰的名词之前或之后，起到连接作用，使定语从句与主句构成逻辑上的并列关系。例如:
The book, which I read last week, is very interesting.(关系代词在名词之后)
The hotel, where we stayed last summer, is a beautiful park.(关系副词在时间之前)
三、定语从句的用法
定语从句通常放在它所修饰的名词或代词之前或之后，起到修饰、限定的作用。例如:
The book, which I read last week, is very interesting.(非限制性定语从句，放在名词之后)
The car, which I saw on the street, belongs to my neighbor.(非限制性定语从句，放在名词之后)
The man, who I saw at the party, is my friend.(限制性定语从句，放在名词之前)
当定语从句所修饰的名词或代词已经明确时，定语从句可以省略。例如:
The book, which I read last week, is very interesting.(非限制性定语从句，可以省略)
The car, which I saw on the street, belongs to my neighbor.(非限制性定语从句，可以省略)
The man, who I saw at the party, is my friend.(限制性定语从句，不能省略)
当定语从句嵌套使用时，需要注意主从句的关系和语序。例如:
The book, which I read last week, that I borrowed from the library, is very interesting.(非限制性定语从句嵌套)
The car, which I saw on the street, that belongs to my neighbor, is very beautiful.(非限制性定语从句嵌套)
在以上例句中，定语从句被嵌套在另一个定语从句中，需要注意主从句的关系和语序。例如，第一个例句中的定语从句“which I read last week”修饰“book”,第二个例句中的定语从句“that I borrowed from the library”修饰“book”。同时，在两个定语从句中，关系代词和关系副词的位置也需要保持一致。
关于"that"的用法，我们可以从以下几个方面进行讨论:
"that"在定语从句中的用法
当定语从句为陈述句时，"that"可以用于指代先行词，例如:"I saw a beautiful bird in the park that I had never seen before."(我在公园里看到了一只我从来没有见过的美丽鸟。)
"that"在强调句中的用法
当主语为第三人称单数时，"that"可以用于强调主语，例如:"That is a beautiful day."(那是一个美丽的一天。)
"that"在虚拟语气中的用法
当表示假设、愿望等虚拟语气时，"that"可以用于代替从句中的谓语动词，例如:"I wish that I could be there with you."(我希望我能和你在一起。)
"that"在连接词中的用法
当连接两个名词或代词时，"that"可以用于代替前面的名词或代词，例如:"The book that I read last week is really interesting."(我上周读的那本书非常有趣。)
关于"which"的用法，我们可以从以下几个方面进行讨论:
"which"在定语从句中的用法
当定语从句为陈述句时，"which"可以用于指代先行词，例如:"I saw a beautiful bird in the park which I had never seen before."(我在公园里看到了一只我从来没有见过的美丽鸟。)
"which"在强调句中的用法
当主语为第三人称单数时，"which"可以用于强调主语，例如:"Which is a beautiful day."(那是一个美丽的一天。)
"which"在虚拟语气中的用法
当表示假设、愿望等虚拟语气时，"which"可以用于代替从句中的谓语动词，例如:"I wish which I could be there with you."(我希望我能和你在一起。)
"which"在连接词中的用法
当连接两个名词或代词时，"which"可以用于代替前面的名词或代词，例如:"The book which I read last week is really interesting."(我上周读的那本书非常有趣。)
关于"as"的用法，我们可以从以下几个方面进行讨论:
"as"在比较句中的用法
当用于比较两个事物的相似性时，"as"可以表示同等程度、同样程度等含义，例如:"This room is as large as that one."(这个房间和那个房间一样大。)
"as"在引导定语从句时的用法
当用于引导定语从句时，"as"可以表示类比关系，例如:"As beautiful as a flower."(像一朵花一样美丽。)
"as"在引导状语从句时的用法
当用于引导状语从句时，"as"可以表示方式、时间、原因等，例如:"As you have finished your homework, you can go out to play."(当你完成你的作业后，你可以出去玩耍。)
"as"在连接词中的用法
当用于连接两个名词或代词时，"as"可以表示代替前面的名词或代词，例如:"I saw the same man as you did."(我看到了和你一样的男人。)