Period 1-2 语法填空 ----谓语动词的时态和语态
课时安排 2课时
教学内容 语法填空
教学目标 使学生能够掌握语法填空微技能之分析时态和语态
教学重点、难点 教学重点; 语法填空微技能技巧点拨: 1.语法填空的解题思路。 2.正确判断时态和语态。 教学难点; 如何利用微技能解题技巧正确答题。
考情分析 卷别语篇类型文章话题有提示词无提示词词性转换词形转换谓语动词非谓语动词代词介词冠词连词、复合句及其他2023新课标Ⅰ卷说明文中国美食小笼包20041111新课标Ⅱ卷记叙文在柏林动物园帮饲养员提高英语水平31110112全国甲卷说明文寓言的形式和价值21130102全国乙卷说明文北京的风貌112301022022新高考Ⅰ卷说明文中国大熊猫国家公园计划11220112新高考Ⅱ卷记叙文拯救坠楼小孩21220012全国甲卷记叙文失明男子曹晟康徒步穿越“一带一路”路线的首段旅程21130111全国乙卷说明文庆祝第一个国际茶日111311112021新高考Ⅰ卷记叙文游览黄山的经历12121012新高考Ⅱ卷记叙文保护海洋生物,减少塑料垃圾的经历31120102全国甲卷记叙文游览西安城墙12220111全国乙卷说明文生态旅游21031210合计21131430411918考情透视1.近三年高考语法填空主要选用说明文和记叙文,主题语境涉及人与自我、人与社会和人与自然,其内容主要涉及社会文化、环保、人物故事等热点话题,体现了“用英语讲中国故事”。 2.有提示词主要考查动词(谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致,非谓语动词)、名词(词性转换、名词的数)、形容词或副词(词性转换、比较等级)、代词(人称代词、物主代词)等;无提示词重点考查冠词、介词、并列连词、定语从句、名词性从句等。 3.所选文章长难句较多、干扰性强。命题既考查学生对重点语法的掌握,也考查学生的思维品质和破解难题的能力,如2023年新课标Ⅰ卷第59题、第61题和第65题难度较大,对考生的能力要求较高。
真题再现 [2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers encasing hot, 56tasty(taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether 57to bite(bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the steam and risking a spill(溢出), 58or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue(舌头). Shanghai may be the 59recognized(recognize) home of the soup dumpling, but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring ancient canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao's birthplace. There, you'll find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup—and the wrappers are pressed 60by hand hand rather than rolled. Nanxiang aside, the best xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them 61to be lifted(lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of 62their(they) contents. The meat should be fresh with 63a touch of touch of sweetness, and the surrounding soup hot, clear and delicious. No matter where I buy them, though, one steamer basket is 64rarely(rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, and so I am always left 65wanting(want) more next time. 56. tasty [解析]分析句子结构,根据修饰关系确定答案。 考查形容词。句意:小笼包用精致的饺子皮包裹着热腾腾的美味汤汁和甜甜的鲜肉,这种令人惊叹的构造,无疑是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。修饰后面的名词soup(汤)需用taste的形容词形式作定语,故填tasty。 57. to bite [解析]根据固定搭配和句子成分确定答案。 考查非谓语动词。句意:想要吃一个的话,你必须决定是先咬一个小口,释放蒸气,冒汤汁溢出的风险,还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里,让热汤在舌头上爆破。固定搭配decide to do sth.意为“决定做某事”,用不定式作宾语,此处与58题后面的to put作并列宾语,故填to bite。 58. or [解析]根据固定搭配确定答案。 考查连词。固定搭配whether...or... 意为“是……还是……”。 59. recognized [解析]根据句子成分和修饰关系确定答案。 考查非谓语动词。句意:上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡,但食物历史学家会告诉你,邻近的运河古镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空格在名词home前面作定语,动词recognize与home构成被动关系,应使用过去分词recognized。 60. by hand [解析]根据固定搭配确定答案。 考查介词。句意:在那里,你会发现它们的制作方式不同——馅多而少汤——而且包子皮是用手压的,而不是擀出来的。固定搭配by hand意为“用手”。 61. to be lifted [解析]根据固定搭配和句子成分确定答案。 考查非谓语动词。句意:除了南翔外,最好的小笼包都有很好的表皮,可以让它们从蒸笼中拿出来而不会撕裂,也不会洒出任何馅。根据固定搭配allow sb./sth. to do sth.“允许某人/某物做某事”可知,空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语。动词lift 与宾语them(指代小笼包)构成被动关系,应使用不定式的被动形式,故填to be lifted。 62. their [解析]根据修饰关系和句子成分确定答案。 考查代词。句意:除了南翔外,最好的小笼包都有很好的表皮,可以让它们从蒸笼中拿出来而不会撕裂,也不会洒出任何馅。修饰后面的名词contents(所含之物)需用形容词性物主代词their,故填their。 63. a touch of [解析]根据固定搭配确定答案。 考查冠词。句意:肉应该是新鲜的,有一点甜味,包裹肉馅的汤汁应该是热的、清澈的、美味的。固定搭配a touch of 意为“一点儿;少许”。 64. rarely [解析]根据句子成分确定答案。 考查副词。句意:不过,无论我在哪里买小笼包,一蒸笼都不够,而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了,所以我总是想下次要更多。副词作状语,故填rarely。 65. wanting [解析]分析句子结构,根据句子成分确定答案。 考查非谓语动词。根据句意和leave的用法:主动形式leave sb. doing“让某人一直做”,被动形式sb. be left doing,故填wanting。 透视高考 (1)谓语动词的时态和语态 考点提炼 常考时态主动语态被动语态标志词(组)及例句一般现在时do/doesam/is/are donealways总是;often时常;usually通常;sometimes有时 In the evening, I often do some reading.我晚上经常看书。 English is used widely in the world. 英语在世界上被广泛使用。一般过去时didwas/were done基数词+days/years ago几天/年前;the other day几天前;at that time在那时;originally原来,起初 He originally refused to accept the invitation. 最初他拒绝接受邀请。 A new lab was built in our school five days ago. 五天前,我们学校建了一个新的实验室。一般将来时will dowill be donetomorrow明天;next year明年;“in+一段时间”一段时间之后 You will be rewarded with success in five years.你将在五年内获得成功。现在进行时is/am/are doingis/am/are being donenow现在; right now此刻; currently现时; at this moment此时; at present现在 At present he is working in a new company. 目前,他在一家新公司工作。 A new hospital is being built now. 一家新医院现在正在建造中。现在完成时have/has donehave/has been donelately近来;so far到目前为止;up to/till now直到现在;since自……以来; “in/over the last/past+时间段”在过去的多长时间里 Great changes have taken place in our hometown in the past ten years. 在过去的十年里,我们的家乡发生了巨大的变化。 So far, all the tough problems have been tackled. 到目前为止,所有棘手的问题都得到了解决。过去进行时was/were doingwas/were being donethen那时;at that time/moment在那时; at this time yesterday昨天这个时候 I was reading a novel at this time yesterday.昨天这个时候,我正在读一本小说。 My computer was being repaired then and I had to borrow one. 那时我的电脑正在维修,我不得不借一台。过去完成时had donehad been done“by+过去的时间点”到……时;before 在……之前;by the end of到……结束时;by the time到……时 The train had left by the time I got to the station.我到火车站时,火车已经开走了。
解题思路 典例1 [2023·全国乙卷·片段]Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed(amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage(遗产) while constantly growing. 思路点拨 考查谓语动词。设空处作句子谓语,空前提到在过去的10年里,又根据设空处后的was able to可知,此处应用一般过去时;又因主语I与动词amaze之间为被动关系,所以设空处应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was amazed。 典例2 [2023·新课标Ⅱ卷·片段]As a little girl, Iwished(wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 思路点拨 考查谓语动词。句意:当我还是一个小女孩时,我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。设空处作谓语,wish与主语I构成主动关系,根据后文的grew可知应用一般过去时,故填wished。 跟踪测试 1. [2023·全国乙卷]The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, means(mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. [解析]考查谓语动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:这座城市的显著发展,在步入现代世界的同时有意识地被设计保护过去,意味着这里总是有新的东西等待发现,我可以在接下来的50年一直拍摄北京。分析句子结构可知,which引导非限制性定语从句,设空处为句子的谓语动词。根据上下文可知,本句陈述客观情况,应用一般现在时;其主语development表示单数意义,故填means。 2. [2021·全国甲卷]Itwas built(build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored(修复). [解析]考查谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:它(西安城墙)最初是在唐代为保护这座城市而建的,现在已经完全被修复了。句子的主语It与动词build之间是被动关系,要用被动语态;根据in the Tang dynasty可知西安城墙是在过去被建造的,要用一般过去时;主语It为单数,故填was built。 3. (经典高考)Often, only a small part of a museum's collection is(be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research. [解析]考查谓语动词的时态和主谓一致。根据下句“Most of it is stored away or used for research.”中的is可知,此处描述的是客观事实,应使用一般现在时;主语a small part of a museum's collection是单数概念,谓语动词应使用单数形式,故填is。 4. (经典高考)“This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it means we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon is constructed(construct).” [解析]考查谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,此处是宾语从句的谓语,the moon与construct之间是被动关系,应使用被动语态;“月亮如何构成”是客观事实,故此处应使用一般现在时;从句主语the moon是单数概念,谓语动词应用单数形式,故填is constructed。 5. [2023·山东日照高三一模]Four short dialogues between real people and Erica were used (use) to test the system, which performed well. [解析]考查谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据定语从句的时态可知,空格处用一般过去时。主句的主语Four short dialogues为复数概念,与use之间为被动关系,故应用被动语态且谓语动词用复数形式。故填were used。 6. [2023·广东深圳高三第一次调研]It is located(locate) in front of a modern office building, Galaxy SOHO, which features weaving bridges and interlocking passageways. [解析]考查谓语动词的时态、固定搭配和主谓一致。“be located in...”表示“坐落于……”。此处描述的是客观事实,故应该用一般现在时;再由主语It可知,谓语动词应该用单数形式,故填is located。 7. [2023·广东深圳高三第一次调研]With a rich historical heritage, Beijing has been(be) an important center of traditional Chinese culture since the Ming Dynasty. [解析]考查谓语动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:北京拥有丰富的历史遗产,自明朝以来一直是中国传统文化的重要中心。由时间状语since the Ming Dynasty可知,句子应该用现在完成时;再由主语Beijing可知,谓语动词应该用单数形式,故填has been。 8. [2023·山东菏泽高三一模]Some parents picked children's books for their kids and some young peoplewere attracted(attract) to books on Chinese culture, history and development. [解析]考查谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:一些家长为孩子挑选儿童读物,一些年轻人被有关中国文化、历史和发展的书籍吸引。some young people为后一分句的主语,空处缺少谓语,根据前一分句中的picked可知,句子为一般过去时;some young people与attract构成被动关系,应用被动语态;主语some young people为复数概念,谓语动词应用复数形式,故填were attracted。