2024届高考英语二轮复习：精读高考真题（十一）阅读理解导学案（无答案）
文档属性
| 名称 | 2024届高考英语二轮复习：精读高考真题（十一）阅读理解导学案（无答案） |  | |
| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 56.3KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-04-07 14:03:55 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
精 读 高 考 真 题 (十一）
高考英语真题是英语学习的宝藏，精读一篇远胜过刷题十篇。相较于教材、日常习题，高考真题的语料更加新颖、更有针对性。长期精读高考真题有利于增强英语学习的信心，从而极大提高学习英语的效率。
一、真题再现
You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans—between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,” a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source (来源) of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that' s part of Von Wong's artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.
In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate (说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload's worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled "Truckload of Plastic, "Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once.
Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.
28. What are Von Wong’s artworks intended for
A. Beautifying the city he lives in.
B. Introducing eco-friendly products.
C. Drawing public attention to plastic waste.
D. Reducing garbage on the beach.
29. Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3
A. To show the difficulty of their recycling.
B. To explain why they are useful.
C. To voice his views on modern art.
D. To find a substitute for them.
30. What effect would "Truckload of Plastic" have on viewers
A. Calming.
B. Disturbing
C Refreshing
D. Challenging.
31. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Artists' Opinions on Plastic Safety
B. Media Interest in Contemporary Art
C. Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies
D. Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures
（2021年全国乙卷阅读理解C篇）
二、语篇导读：本文的语篇类型是说明文，主题语境为人与社会。主要讲述了艺术家Von Wong把塑料垃圾制作成引人深思的雕塑，从而引发公众对流入海洋中的塑料垃圾的关注，唤起人们的环保意识。
三、重点单词（词性转换词、熟词生意词、超纲词）和短语
1. tonne n. 公吨(等于 1,000 千克)（=metric ton）
2. ecosystem n. 生态系统（eco- 用于名词或形容词前，构成名词或形容词，表示“环境的”、“生态的”）
ocean ecosystems 海洋生态系统
system n. 系统，体系
straw n. （麦秆状）吸管（熟词生义）
make a difference (to ... ) （对......)产生区别、有影响、有关系、有重要作用
make no difference (to ... ) （对......) 不产生区别，无影响，无关系，无重要作用
build ... out of ... 由......建成......
massive sculptures 巨大的雕塑
force sb. to do/into doing sth. 迫使某人做某事
re-examine vt. 再次检查，重新考虑
examine vt. 检查，诊察，测验
relationship to ... 与......的关系
single-use adj. 一次性的，供一次使用的（合成词）
at the beginning (of ... ) （在......）最初/起初
a piece (of ... ) 一件（......）
Strawpocalypse n. 末日吸管（由“straw”与“apocalypse”构成的合成词）
apocalypse n. 世界覆灭；世界末日
frozen adj. 冻硬的，凝固住的，一动不动的（分词形容词）
freeze v. (使）结冰，（使）停住不动
mid-crash n. 撞击过程中，将要撞击（mid- 构成名词或形容词，表示“句中”、“在
中间”）
be made of ... 由......制成
cleanup n. 清扫，清除（动词转名词）
beach cleanups 海滩清理活动
clean up 打扫干净，清理
make one’s first appearance 首次亮相
19. by no means 绝不，一点也不
20. fire n. 猛烈的批评（或抨击、指责）（熟词生义）
come under fire 受到抨击
artwork n. 艺术品（合成词）
likely adv. 很可能
gone adj. 用完的，一去不复反的（分词形容词）
truckload n. 一货车（的量）（合成词）
a truckload's worth of ... 一卡车（量）的......
work (C)n. 作品，著作（熟词生义）
title vt. 给（书等）加标题（名词转动词）
tie ... together 把......绑在一起
all at once 同时，一起
help (to) do sth. 帮助做某事，有助于做某事
pressure vt. 向（某人）施加压力，强制（名词转动词）
pressure ... to do/into doing ... 迫使......做......
footprint n. 足迹（合成词）
intended adj. 意欲达到的，打算好的，计划好的，设计好的（分词形容词）
be intended for ... 为......设计的，给......用的
intend vt. 想要，打算
beautify vt. 美化（-ify/fy接在名词、形容词后构成动词，表示“使成为......”、“......化”、
“成为......”）
beauty n. (U)美，(C)美人、美好的事物、美好之处
eco-friendly adj. 环保的
draw/call attention to ... 使/吸引人们注意......
voice vt. 表达，吐露（名词动词化）
voice one’s views(on ... ) 表达（关于......的）观点
have an effect on ... 对......产生影响，对......产生效果
disturbing adj. 令人不安的（分词形容词）
disturb vt 打扰，扰乱，使不安
refreshing adj. 使人精神振奋的，令人耳目一新的（分词形容词）
refresh vt. 使心情愉快，使精神振奋
transform ... into ... 使......改变为......
四、关键结构和长难句
1. Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does .
does代替前面的make a difference。助动词do(does/did)可用作替代词，代替前面提到的动词及其连带成分，以避免重复。
E.g. “May I come round in the morning ”“Yes, please do.” “上午我可以来你家串门吗？”“是的，可以。”（do代替come round in the morning）
The Democrats believe they can spend your money better than you can. We don’t. 民主党人以为他们花你们的钱能够比你们自己花得更好。（do代替believe they can spend your money better than you can.）
“Have you finished your work ”“Yes, I did yesterday.”“你完成你的工作了吗？”“做完了，我昨天做完的。”（did代替finished my homework）
【参考译文】艺术家本杰明·冯·王(Benjamin Von Wong)想让你知道，它确实如此。
He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.
forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products是现在分词短语做状语，表示结果，其逻辑主语是builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage这件事，相当于一个which引导的非限制性定语从句：which forces viewers o re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.。
E.g. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat. 数百万英亩的湿地被抽干来解决不断增长的人口的吃与住，这极大地减少了水禽的栖息地。（= ... populations, which greatly reduced waterfowl habitat）
More highways have been built in China, making it much easier for people to travel form one place to another. 更多的高速公路已在中国被建成，这使得人们从一
地到另一地更加容易。（=More highways have been built in China, which makes it much easier for people to travel form one place to another.）
【参考译文】他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑，迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系。
Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
made of ... 是过去分词短语形式作定语，修饰句子主语the sculpture；collected from ... 是过去分词短语形式作定语，修饰前面的plastic straws，相当于定语从句：which were collected from several volunteer beach cleanups。
【参考译文】这尊雕像由16.8万根从几次志愿清理海滩活动中收集来的塑料吸管制成，首次出现在越南胡志明市埃斯特拉购物中心。
Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled.
1). 本句整体上是but并列的两个并列句；but后面的分句中还有一个because引导的状语从句；在这个状语从句中又有and并列的两个并列句。
2). to drink with是动词不定式形式作定语，修饰前面的them。
当动词不定式充当定语，并与它所修饰的名词或代词在语义上存在着动宾关系，动词不定式中的动词与其所修饰的名词或代词不能构成动宾结构时，需加上适当的介词。
E.g. There are five pairs to choose from, but I'm at a loss which to buy. 有五双鞋供选择，但我不知道买那一双。
At one time people thought that Minnesota was not a good place to live in. 过去人们曾认为明尼苏达州不是一个居住的好地方。
【参考译文】塑料吸管绝不是塑料污染的最大的来源，但他们最近受到抨击，因为大多数人不需要用他们喝，因为他们的小尺寸和重量,他们不能被回收。
Every straw that' s part of Von Wong's artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes.
1). that' s part of Von Wong's artwork是一个定语从句，关系代词that代替先行词straw在从句中做主语。
2). part of ... 意为“......的（不可分割的）一部分”，前面通常不加冠词。但当part前面有形容词修饰时通常要加冠词。
E.g. A sense of humor is part of a healthy personality. 幽默感是健康性格的一部分。
He used to say religious was part of the capitalist system. 他过去常说宗教是资本主义制度的一部分。
A large part of the estate went to the elder son. 大部分财产都给了大儿子。
作主语时，谓语动词和of后面的名词或代词的形式一致。
E.g. Part of what I’m searching for is a reason for that slowing. 我正在查找的一部分就是慢下来的原因。
The greater part of apples are bad. 打部分苹果是坏的。
3). that someone used for only a few minutes是一个定语从句，关系代词that代替先行词drink在从句中做宾语。
【参考译文】冯·王作品中的每一根吸管都很可能来自只喝了几分钟的饮料。
Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.
1). once用作连词，引导一个状语从句时，意为“一旦......”。
E.g. Once you start eating in a healthier way, weight control will become much easier. 一旦你开始更健康的饮食，控制体重就会变得容易得多。
Once they decide which college to go to, students should research the admission procedures. 一旦学生们决定了上哪所大学，他们就应该研究一下办理入学的手续。
. 本句中的take意为“花费、占用（时间、钱、精力等）”，句子主语the straw是动词不定式to disappear中disappear的主语。可变为：Once the drink is gone, it will take the straw centuries to disappear.或Once the drink is gone, it will take centuries for the straw to disappear.
在“sb/sth takes/took ... + 动词不定式”结构中，sb/sth就是动词不定式的逻辑主语，
可改为“It takes/took sb/sth ... + 动词不定式”结构或“It takes/took ... for sb/sth +动词不定式”结构。
E.g. I took two hours to read the novel. 我花了两个小时读那部小说。（=It took me two hours to read the novel.或It took two ours for me to read the novel.）
Fontaine only took an instant to make up his mind. 封登只用了一瞬间，就下定了主意。（=It took Fontaine only an instant to make up his mind.或It took only an instant for Fontaine to make up his mind.）
有时句子的主语还可以是动词不定式中动词的宾语。
E.g. The house will take all week to clean. 房子要花整个星期才能打扫干净。（=It will take all week to clean the house.或It will take all week for the house to be cleaned. ）
The ferry took them five hours to unload. 渡船用了他们五小时才卸完。（=It took them five hours to unload the ferry.或It took five hours for the ferry to be unloaded.）
【参考译文】一旦饮料饮用完了，吸管也要几个世纪才能消失。
For this work, titled "Truckload of Plastic, "Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once.
. titled “Truckload of Plastic”是过去分词短语做后置定语，修饰work。which was titled
"Truckload of Plastic, "
E.g. In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words used in daily conversations. 有些语言，100个词汇就占了日常会话中的使用的一半词汇。
2). which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once是一个非限制性定语从句，关系代词which代替先行词more than 10,000 pieces of plastic在从句中做主语。
3). to look like they’d been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once是动词不定式短语做状语，表目的。
E.g. Group activities will be organized after class to help children develop team spirit. 将组织各种团体活动以帮助儿童培养团队精神。
I stopped the car to take a short break as I was feeling tired. 我停下车进行短暂的休息，因为我感到累了。
4). they’d been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once是一个宾语从句，省略了that。
【参考译文】为了这件名为“ 一卡车塑料” 的作品，Von Wong 和一组志愿者收集了1 万多块塑料，然后将它们绑在一起，为了看起来就像是从卡车上一下子扔下来的一样。
【答案】C A B D
【附：学案】
精 读 高 考 真 题 (十一）
高考英语真题是英语学习的宝藏，精读一篇远胜过刷题十篇。相较于教材、日常习题，高考真题的语料更加新颖、更有针对性。长期精读高考真题有利于增强英语学习的信心，从而极大提高学习英语的效率。
一、真题再现
You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans—between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,” a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source (来源) of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that' s part of Von Wong's artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.
In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate (说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload's worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled "Truckload of Plastic, "Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once.
Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.
28. What are Von Wong’s artworks intended for
A. Beautifying the city he lives in.
B. Introducing eco-friendly products.
C. Drawing public attention to plastic waste.
D. Reducing garbage on the beach.
29. Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3
A. To show the difficulty of their recycling.
B. To explain why they are useful.
C. To voice his views on modern art.
D. To find a substitute for them.
30. What effect would "Truckload of Plastic" have on viewers
A. Calming.
B. Disturbing
C Refreshing
D. Challenging.
31. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Artists' Opinions on Plastic Safety
B. Media Interest in Contemporary Art
C. Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies
D. Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures
（2021年全国乙卷阅读理解C篇）
二、语篇导读：本文的语篇类型是________，主题语境为__________。主要讲述了____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________。
三、重点单词（词性转换词、熟词生意词、超纲词）和短语
1. tonne n.
2. ecosystem n.
ocean ecosystems
system n.
straw n.
make a difference (to ... )
make no difference (to ... )
build ... out of ...
massive sculptures
force sb. to do/into doing sth.
re-examine vt.
examine vt.
relationship to ...
single-use adj.
at the beginning (of ... )
a piece (of ... )
Strawpocalypse n.
apocalypse n.
frozen adj.
freeze v.
mid-crash n.
be made of ...
cleanup n.
beach cleanups
clean up
make one’s first appearance
by no means
20. fire n.
come under fire
21. artwork n.
22. likely adv.
23. gone adj.
24. truckload n.
a truckload's worth of ...
work (C)n.
title vt.
tie ... together
all at once
help (to) do sth.
pressure vt.
pressure ... to do/into doing ...
footprint n.
intended adj.
be intended for ...
intend vt.
beautify vt.
beauty n.
eco-friendly adj.
draw/call attention to ...
voice vt.
voice one’s views(on ... )
have an effect on ...
disturbing adj.
disturb vt
refreshing adj.
refresh vt.
transform ... into ...
四、关键结构和长难句
1. Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does .
does代替前面的___________。助动词do(does/did)可用作替代词，代替前面提到的_________________，以避免重复。
E.g. “May I come round in the morning ”“Yes, please _______.” “上午我可以来你家串门吗？”“是的，可以。”（do代替___________________）
The Democrats believe they can spend your money better than you can. We _____. 民主党人以为他们花你们的钱能够比你们自己花得更好。（do代替_______________________________）
“Have you finished your work ”“Yes, I _________ yesterday.”“你完成你的工作了吗？”“做完了，我昨天做完的。”（did代替___________________）
【译文】_____________________________________________。
He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.
forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products是____________做____语，表示_______，其逻辑主语是__________________________，相当于一个________引导的_______________：__________________ viewers o re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.。
E.g. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly _____________waterfowl habitat. 数百万英亩的湿地被抽干来解决不断增长的人口的吃与住，这极大地减少了水禽的栖息地。（= ... populations, ___________________ waterfowl habitat）
More highways have been built in China, _________ it much easier for people to travel form one place to another. 更多的高速公路已在中国被建成，这使得人们从一
地到另一地更加容易。（=More highways have been built in China, ______________it much easier for people to travel form one place to another.）
【译文】__________________________________________________。
3. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
made of ... 是_______________形式作_____语，修饰__________________；collected from ... 是_______________形式作________________语，修饰前面的_______________，相当于____________从句：which were collected______________________ from several volunteer beach cleanups。
【译文】_______________________________________________________。
4.Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled.
1). 本句整体上是but并列的两个________句；but后面的分句中还有一个because引导的__________从句；在这个状语从句中又有and并列的两个___________句。
2). to drink with是_____________形式作_______语，修饰前面的_________。
当动词不定式充当定语，并与它所修饰的名词或代词在语义上存在着动宾关系，动词不定式中的动词与其所修饰的名词或代词不能构成动宾结构时，需加上适当的________。
E.g. There are five pairs _________________, but I'm at a loss which to buy. 有五双鞋供选择，但我不知道买那一双。
At one time people thought that Minnesota was not a good place ________. 过去人们曾认为明尼苏达州不是一个居住的好地方。
【译文】_______________________________________________________。
Every straw that' s part of Von Wong's artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes.
1). that' s part of Von Wong's artwork是一个________从句，__________词that代替_________词straw在从句中做________语。
2). part of ... 意为________________，前面通常________冠词。但当part前面有形容词修饰时通常要加冠词。
E.g. A sense of humor is _________a healthy personality. 幽默感是健康性格的一部分。
He used to say religious was __________ the capitalist system. 他过去常说宗教是资本主义制度的一部分。
___________________the estate went to the elder son. 大部分财产都给了大儿子。
作主语时，谓语动词和____________________的形式一致。
E.g. Part of what I’m searching for ______ a reason for that slowing. 我正在查找的一部分就是慢下来的原因。
The greater part of apples __________bad. 打部分苹果是坏的。
3). that someone used for only a few minutes是一个_____________从句，_______词that代替__________词drink在从句中做________语。
【译文】_____________________________________________________。
Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.
1). once用作连词，引导一个状语从句时，意为________________。
E.g. _______ you start eating in a healthier way, weight control will become much easier. 一旦你开始更健康的饮食，控制体重就会变得容易得多。
_____________ they decide which college to go to, students should research the admission procedures. 一旦学生们决定了上哪所大学，他们就应该研究一下办理入学的手续。
. 本句中的take意为______________________，句子主语the straw是动词不定式to disappear中disappear的______语。可变为：Once the drink is gone, ___________________ the straw centuries _____________.或Once the drink is gone, ___________________ centuries ________ the straw _________________.
在“sb/sth takes/took ... + 动词不定式”结构中，sb/sth就是动词不定式的_______
语，可改为“It takes/took sb/sth ... + 动词不定式”结构或“It takes/took ... for sb/sth +动词不定式”结构。
E.g. I ________ two hours ________ the novel. 我花了两个小时读那部小说。（=___________ me two hours ___________the novel.或_________ two ours _____________the novel.）
Fontaine only __________ an instant _______________. 封登只用了一瞬间，就下定了主意。（=_______________ Fontaine only an instant ______________.或________________only an instant _______ Fontaine _________________.）
有时句子的主语还可以是动词不定式中动词的宾语。
E.g. The house will ________ all week to clean. 房子要花整个星期才能打扫干净。（=____________all week ____________ the house.或_______________ all week _________the house _______________. ）
The ferry __________ them five hours to unload. 渡船用了他们五小时才卸完。（=______________ them five hours _________________ the ferry.或______________ five hours ___________the ferry ____________________.）
【译文】_____________________________________________。
For this work, titled "Truckload of Plastic, "Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once.
. titled “Truckload of Plastic”是___________________做___________，修饰
____________。相当于定语从句：which was titled "Truckload of Plastic, "
E.g. In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words ______ in daily conversations. 有些语言，100个词汇就占了日常会话中的使用的一半词汇。
2). which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once是一个______________，关系代词____________代替先行词_________________在从句中做__________语。
3). to look like they’d been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once是_____________做_____语，表________。
E.g. Group activities will be organized after class ___________ children develop team spirit. 将组织各种团体活动以帮助儿童培养团队精神。
I stopped the car _________ a short break as I was feeling tired. 我停下车进行短暂的休息，因为我感到累了。
4). they’d been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once是一个____________，省略了___________。
【译文】______________________________________________________。
高考英语真题是英语学习的宝藏，精读一篇远胜过刷题十篇。相较于教材、日常习题，高考真题的语料更加新颖、更有针对性。长期精读高考真题有利于增强英语学习的信心，从而极大提高学习英语的效率。
一、真题再现
You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans—between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,” a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source (来源) of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that' s part of Von Wong's artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.
In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate (说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload's worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled "Truckload of Plastic, "Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once.
Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.
28. What are Von Wong’s artworks intended for
A. Beautifying the city he lives in.
B. Introducing eco-friendly products.
C. Drawing public attention to plastic waste.
D. Reducing garbage on the beach.
29. Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3
A. To show the difficulty of their recycling.
B. To explain why they are useful.
C. To voice his views on modern art.
D. To find a substitute for them.
30. What effect would "Truckload of Plastic" have on viewers
A. Calming.
B. Disturbing
C Refreshing
D. Challenging.
31. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Artists' Opinions on Plastic Safety
B. Media Interest in Contemporary Art
C. Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies
D. Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures
（2021年全国乙卷阅读理解C篇）
二、语篇导读：本文的语篇类型是说明文，主题语境为人与社会。主要讲述了艺术家Von Wong把塑料垃圾制作成引人深思的雕塑，从而引发公众对流入海洋中的塑料垃圾的关注，唤起人们的环保意识。
三、重点单词（词性转换词、熟词生意词、超纲词）和短语
1. tonne n. 公吨(等于 1,000 千克)（=metric ton）
2. ecosystem n. 生态系统（eco- 用于名词或形容词前，构成名词或形容词，表示“环境的”、“生态的”）
ocean ecosystems 海洋生态系统
system n. 系统，体系
straw n. （麦秆状）吸管（熟词生义）
make a difference (to ... ) （对......)产生区别、有影响、有关系、有重要作用
make no difference (to ... ) （对......) 不产生区别，无影响，无关系，无重要作用
build ... out of ... 由......建成......
massive sculptures 巨大的雕塑
force sb. to do/into doing sth. 迫使某人做某事
re-examine vt. 再次检查，重新考虑
examine vt. 检查，诊察，测验
relationship to ... 与......的关系
single-use adj. 一次性的，供一次使用的（合成词）
at the beginning (of ... ) （在......）最初/起初
a piece (of ... ) 一件（......）
Strawpocalypse n. 末日吸管（由“straw”与“apocalypse”构成的合成词）
apocalypse n. 世界覆灭；世界末日
frozen adj. 冻硬的，凝固住的，一动不动的（分词形容词）
freeze v. (使）结冰，（使）停住不动
mid-crash n. 撞击过程中，将要撞击（mid- 构成名词或形容词，表示“句中”、“在
中间”）
be made of ... 由......制成
cleanup n. 清扫，清除（动词转名词）
beach cleanups 海滩清理活动
clean up 打扫干净，清理
make one’s first appearance 首次亮相
19. by no means 绝不，一点也不
20. fire n. 猛烈的批评（或抨击、指责）（熟词生义）
come under fire 受到抨击
artwork n. 艺术品（合成词）
likely adv. 很可能
gone adj. 用完的，一去不复反的（分词形容词）
truckload n. 一货车（的量）（合成词）
a truckload's worth of ... 一卡车（量）的......
work (C)n. 作品，著作（熟词生义）
title vt. 给（书等）加标题（名词转动词）
tie ... together 把......绑在一起
all at once 同时，一起
help (to) do sth. 帮助做某事，有助于做某事
pressure vt. 向（某人）施加压力，强制（名词转动词）
pressure ... to do/into doing ... 迫使......做......
footprint n. 足迹（合成词）
intended adj. 意欲达到的，打算好的，计划好的，设计好的（分词形容词）
be intended for ... 为......设计的，给......用的
intend vt. 想要，打算
beautify vt. 美化（-ify/fy接在名词、形容词后构成动词，表示“使成为......”、“......化”、
“成为......”）
beauty n. (U)美，(C)美人、美好的事物、美好之处
eco-friendly adj. 环保的
draw/call attention to ... 使/吸引人们注意......
voice vt. 表达，吐露（名词动词化）
voice one’s views(on ... ) 表达（关于......的）观点
have an effect on ... 对......产生影响，对......产生效果
disturbing adj. 令人不安的（分词形容词）
disturb vt 打扰，扰乱，使不安
refreshing adj. 使人精神振奋的，令人耳目一新的（分词形容词）
refresh vt. 使心情愉快，使精神振奋
transform ... into ... 使......改变为......
四、关键结构和长难句
1. Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does .
does代替前面的make a difference。助动词do(does/did)可用作替代词，代替前面提到的动词及其连带成分，以避免重复。
E.g. “May I come round in the morning ”“Yes, please do.” “上午我可以来你家串门吗？”“是的，可以。”（do代替come round in the morning）
The Democrats believe they can spend your money better than you can. We don’t. 民主党人以为他们花你们的钱能够比你们自己花得更好。（do代替believe they can spend your money better than you can.）
“Have you finished your work ”“Yes, I did yesterday.”“你完成你的工作了吗？”“做完了，我昨天做完的。”（did代替finished my homework）
【参考译文】艺术家本杰明·冯·王(Benjamin Von Wong)想让你知道，它确实如此。
He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.
forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products是现在分词短语做状语，表示结果，其逻辑主语是builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage这件事，相当于一个which引导的非限制性定语从句：which forces viewers o re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.。
E.g. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat. 数百万英亩的湿地被抽干来解决不断增长的人口的吃与住，这极大地减少了水禽的栖息地。（= ... populations, which greatly reduced waterfowl habitat）
More highways have been built in China, making it much easier for people to travel form one place to another. 更多的高速公路已在中国被建成，这使得人们从一
地到另一地更加容易。（=More highways have been built in China, which makes it much easier for people to travel form one place to another.）
【参考译文】他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑，迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系。
Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
made of ... 是过去分词短语形式作定语，修饰句子主语the sculpture；collected from ... 是过去分词短语形式作定语，修饰前面的plastic straws，相当于定语从句：which were collected from several volunteer beach cleanups。
【参考译文】这尊雕像由16.8万根从几次志愿清理海滩活动中收集来的塑料吸管制成，首次出现在越南胡志明市埃斯特拉购物中心。
Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled.
1). 本句整体上是but并列的两个并列句；but后面的分句中还有一个because引导的状语从句；在这个状语从句中又有and并列的两个并列句。
2). to drink with是动词不定式形式作定语，修饰前面的them。
当动词不定式充当定语，并与它所修饰的名词或代词在语义上存在着动宾关系，动词不定式中的动词与其所修饰的名词或代词不能构成动宾结构时，需加上适当的介词。
E.g. There are five pairs to choose from, but I'm at a loss which to buy. 有五双鞋供选择，但我不知道买那一双。
At one time people thought that Minnesota was not a good place to live in. 过去人们曾认为明尼苏达州不是一个居住的好地方。
【参考译文】塑料吸管绝不是塑料污染的最大的来源，但他们最近受到抨击，因为大多数人不需要用他们喝，因为他们的小尺寸和重量,他们不能被回收。
Every straw that' s part of Von Wong's artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes.
1). that' s part of Von Wong's artwork是一个定语从句，关系代词that代替先行词straw在从句中做主语。
2). part of ... 意为“......的（不可分割的）一部分”，前面通常不加冠词。但当part前面有形容词修饰时通常要加冠词。
E.g. A sense of humor is part of a healthy personality. 幽默感是健康性格的一部分。
He used to say religious was part of the capitalist system. 他过去常说宗教是资本主义制度的一部分。
A large part of the estate went to the elder son. 大部分财产都给了大儿子。
作主语时，谓语动词和of后面的名词或代词的形式一致。
E.g. Part of what I’m searching for is a reason for that slowing. 我正在查找的一部分就是慢下来的原因。
The greater part of apples are bad. 打部分苹果是坏的。
3). that someone used for only a few minutes是一个定语从句，关系代词that代替先行词drink在从句中做宾语。
【参考译文】冯·王作品中的每一根吸管都很可能来自只喝了几分钟的饮料。
Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.
1). once用作连词，引导一个状语从句时，意为“一旦......”。
E.g. Once you start eating in a healthier way, weight control will become much easier. 一旦你开始更健康的饮食，控制体重就会变得容易得多。
Once they decide which college to go to, students should research the admission procedures. 一旦学生们决定了上哪所大学，他们就应该研究一下办理入学的手续。
. 本句中的take意为“花费、占用（时间、钱、精力等）”，句子主语the straw是动词不定式to disappear中disappear的主语。可变为：Once the drink is gone, it will take the straw centuries to disappear.或Once the drink is gone, it will take centuries for the straw to disappear.
在“sb/sth takes/took ... + 动词不定式”结构中，sb/sth就是动词不定式的逻辑主语，
可改为“It takes/took sb/sth ... + 动词不定式”结构或“It takes/took ... for sb/sth +动词不定式”结构。
E.g. I took two hours to read the novel. 我花了两个小时读那部小说。（=It took me two hours to read the novel.或It took two ours for me to read the novel.）
Fontaine only took an instant to make up his mind. 封登只用了一瞬间，就下定了主意。（=It took Fontaine only an instant to make up his mind.或It took only an instant for Fontaine to make up his mind.）
有时句子的主语还可以是动词不定式中动词的宾语。
E.g. The house will take all week to clean. 房子要花整个星期才能打扫干净。（=It will take all week to clean the house.或It will take all week for the house to be cleaned. ）
The ferry took them five hours to unload. 渡船用了他们五小时才卸完。（=It took them five hours to unload the ferry.或It took five hours for the ferry to be unloaded.）
【参考译文】一旦饮料饮用完了，吸管也要几个世纪才能消失。
For this work, titled "Truckload of Plastic, "Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once.
. titled “Truckload of Plastic”是过去分词短语做后置定语，修饰work。which was titled
"Truckload of Plastic, "
E.g. In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words used in daily conversations. 有些语言，100个词汇就占了日常会话中的使用的一半词汇。
2). which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once是一个非限制性定语从句，关系代词which代替先行词more than 10,000 pieces of plastic在从句中做主语。
3). to look like they’d been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once是动词不定式短语做状语，表目的。
E.g. Group activities will be organized after class to help children develop team spirit. 将组织各种团体活动以帮助儿童培养团队精神。
I stopped the car to take a short break as I was feeling tired. 我停下车进行短暂的休息，因为我感到累了。
4). they’d been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once是一个宾语从句，省略了that。
【参考译文】为了这件名为“ 一卡车塑料” 的作品，Von Wong 和一组志愿者收集了1 万多块塑料，然后将它们绑在一起，为了看起来就像是从卡车上一下子扔下来的一样。
【答案】C A B D
【附：学案】
精 读 高 考 真 题 (十一）
高考英语真题是英语学习的宝藏，精读一篇远胜过刷题十篇。相较于教材、日常习题，高考真题的语料更加新颖、更有针对性。长期精读高考真题有利于增强英语学习的信心，从而极大提高学习英语的效率。
一、真题再现
You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans—between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,” a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source (来源) of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that' s part of Von Wong's artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.
In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate (说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload's worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled "Truckload of Plastic, "Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once.
Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.
28. What are Von Wong’s artworks intended for
A. Beautifying the city he lives in.
B. Introducing eco-friendly products.
C. Drawing public attention to plastic waste.
D. Reducing garbage on the beach.
29. Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3
A. To show the difficulty of their recycling.
B. To explain why they are useful.
C. To voice his views on modern art.
D. To find a substitute for them.
30. What effect would "Truckload of Plastic" have on viewers
A. Calming.
B. Disturbing
C Refreshing
D. Challenging.
31. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Artists' Opinions on Plastic Safety
B. Media Interest in Contemporary Art
C. Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies
D. Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures
（2021年全国乙卷阅读理解C篇）
二、语篇导读：本文的语篇类型是________，主题语境为__________。主要讲述了____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________。
三、重点单词（词性转换词、熟词生意词、超纲词）和短语
1. tonne n.
2. ecosystem n.
ocean ecosystems
system n.
straw n.
make a difference (to ... )
make no difference (to ... )
build ... out of ...
massive sculptures
force sb. to do/into doing sth.
re-examine vt.
examine vt.
relationship to ...
single-use adj.
at the beginning (of ... )
a piece (of ... )
Strawpocalypse n.
apocalypse n.
frozen adj.
freeze v.
mid-crash n.
be made of ...
cleanup n.
beach cleanups
clean up
make one’s first appearance
by no means
20. fire n.
come under fire
21. artwork n.
22. likely adv.
23. gone adj.
24. truckload n.
a truckload's worth of ...
work (C)n.
title vt.
tie ... together
all at once
help (to) do sth.
pressure vt.
pressure ... to do/into doing ...
footprint n.
intended adj.
be intended for ...
intend vt.
beautify vt.
beauty n.
eco-friendly adj.
draw/call attention to ...
voice vt.
voice one’s views(on ... )
have an effect on ...
disturbing adj.
disturb vt
refreshing adj.
refresh vt.
transform ... into ...
四、关键结构和长难句
1. Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does .
does代替前面的___________。助动词do(does/did)可用作替代词，代替前面提到的_________________，以避免重复。
E.g. “May I come round in the morning ”“Yes, please _______.” “上午我可以来你家串门吗？”“是的，可以。”（do代替___________________）
The Democrats believe they can spend your money better than you can. We _____. 民主党人以为他们花你们的钱能够比你们自己花得更好。（do代替_______________________________）
“Have you finished your work ”“Yes, I _________ yesterday.”“你完成你的工作了吗？”“做完了，我昨天做完的。”（did代替___________________）
【译文】_____________________________________________。
He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.
forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products是____________做____语，表示_______，其逻辑主语是__________________________，相当于一个________引导的_______________：__________________ viewers o re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.。
E.g. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly _____________waterfowl habitat. 数百万英亩的湿地被抽干来解决不断增长的人口的吃与住，这极大地减少了水禽的栖息地。（= ... populations, ___________________ waterfowl habitat）
More highways have been built in China, _________ it much easier for people to travel form one place to another. 更多的高速公路已在中国被建成，这使得人们从一
地到另一地更加容易。（=More highways have been built in China, ______________it much easier for people to travel form one place to another.）
【译文】__________________________________________________。
3. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
made of ... 是_______________形式作_____语，修饰__________________；collected from ... 是_______________形式作________________语，修饰前面的_______________，相当于____________从句：which were collected______________________ from several volunteer beach cleanups。
【译文】_______________________________________________________。
4.Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled.
1). 本句整体上是but并列的两个________句；but后面的分句中还有一个because引导的__________从句；在这个状语从句中又有and并列的两个___________句。
2). to drink with是_____________形式作_______语，修饰前面的_________。
当动词不定式充当定语，并与它所修饰的名词或代词在语义上存在着动宾关系，动词不定式中的动词与其所修饰的名词或代词不能构成动宾结构时，需加上适当的________。
E.g. There are five pairs _________________, but I'm at a loss which to buy. 有五双鞋供选择，但我不知道买那一双。
At one time people thought that Minnesota was not a good place ________. 过去人们曾认为明尼苏达州不是一个居住的好地方。
【译文】_______________________________________________________。
Every straw that' s part of Von Wong's artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes.
1). that' s part of Von Wong's artwork是一个________从句，__________词that代替_________词straw在从句中做________语。
2). part of ... 意为________________，前面通常________冠词。但当part前面有形容词修饰时通常要加冠词。
E.g. A sense of humor is _________a healthy personality. 幽默感是健康性格的一部分。
He used to say religious was __________ the capitalist system. 他过去常说宗教是资本主义制度的一部分。
___________________the estate went to the elder son. 大部分财产都给了大儿子。
作主语时，谓语动词和____________________的形式一致。
E.g. Part of what I’m searching for ______ a reason for that slowing. 我正在查找的一部分就是慢下来的原因。
The greater part of apples __________bad. 打部分苹果是坏的。
3). that someone used for only a few minutes是一个_____________从句，_______词that代替__________词drink在从句中做________语。
【译文】_____________________________________________________。
Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.
1). once用作连词，引导一个状语从句时，意为________________。
E.g. _______ you start eating in a healthier way, weight control will become much easier. 一旦你开始更健康的饮食，控制体重就会变得容易得多。
_____________ they decide which college to go to, students should research the admission procedures. 一旦学生们决定了上哪所大学，他们就应该研究一下办理入学的手续。
. 本句中的take意为______________________，句子主语the straw是动词不定式to disappear中disappear的______语。可变为：Once the drink is gone, ___________________ the straw centuries _____________.或Once the drink is gone, ___________________ centuries ________ the straw _________________.
在“sb/sth takes/took ... + 动词不定式”结构中，sb/sth就是动词不定式的_______
语，可改为“It takes/took sb/sth ... + 动词不定式”结构或“It takes/took ... for sb/sth +动词不定式”结构。
E.g. I ________ two hours ________ the novel. 我花了两个小时读那部小说。（=___________ me two hours ___________the novel.或_________ two ours _____________the novel.）
Fontaine only __________ an instant _______________. 封登只用了一瞬间，就下定了主意。（=_______________ Fontaine only an instant ______________.或________________only an instant _______ Fontaine _________________.）
有时句子的主语还可以是动词不定式中动词的宾语。
E.g. The house will ________ all week to clean. 房子要花整个星期才能打扫干净。（=____________all week ____________ the house.或_______________ all week _________the house _______________. ）
The ferry __________ them five hours to unload. 渡船用了他们五小时才卸完。（=______________ them five hours _________________ the ferry.或______________ five hours ___________the ferry ____________________.）
【译文】_____________________________________________。
For this work, titled "Truckload of Plastic, "Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once.
. titled “Truckload of Plastic”是___________________做___________，修饰
____________。相当于定语从句：which was titled "Truckload of Plastic, "
E.g. In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words ______ in daily conversations. 有些语言，100个词汇就占了日常会话中的使用的一半词汇。
2). which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once是一个______________，关系代词____________代替先行词_________________在从句中做__________语。
3). to look like they’d been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once是_____________做_____语，表________。
E.g. Group activities will be organized after class ___________ children develop team spirit. 将组织各种团体活动以帮助儿童培养团队精神。
I stopped the car _________ a short break as I was feeling tired. 我停下车进行短暂的休息，因为我感到累了。
4). they’d been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once是一个____________，省略了___________。
【译文】______________________________________________________。