2024届高考英语二轮复习：精读高考真题（十）阅读理解导学案（无答案）

精 读 高 考 真 题 (十）
高考英语真题是英语学习的宝藏，精读一篇远胜过刷题十篇。相较于教材、日常习题，高考真题的语料更加新颖、更有针对性。长期精读高考真题有利于增强英语学习的信心，从而极大提高学习英语的效率。
一、真题再现
During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction(干扰) in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street —so I can focus. "His comment struck me as strange. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout (布局). But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.
The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking. They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels(分贝), 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however,the participants in the 70 decibels group—those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop-significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise—not too loud and not total silence—may actually improve one’s creative thinking ability. The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus. This kind of "distracted focus" appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks.
So why do so many of us hate our open offices The problem may be that, in our offices, we can't stop ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
32. Why does the interviewer prefer a coworking space
A. It helps him concentrate.
B. It blocks out background noise.
C. It has a pleasant atmosphere.
D. It encourages face-to-face interactions.
33. Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability
A. Total silence.
B. 50 decibels.
C. 70 decibels.
D. 85 decibels.
34. What makes an open office unwelcome to many people
A. Personal privacy unprotected.
B. Limited working space.
C. Restrictions on group discussion.
D. Constant interruptions.
35.What can we infer about the author from the text
A. He's a news reporter.
B. He’s an office manager.
C. He's a professional designer.
D. He's a published writer.
（2021年全国乙卷阅读理解D篇）
二、语篇导读：本文的语篇类型是说明文，主题语境为人与社会。主要叙述了一项关于办公环境“噪音”对环境当中的“人的大脑”的影响的研究结果。适合专注工作的理想工作环境并不是一点噪音都没有的绝对安静的环境，而是一种不会受到他人打断和干扰的环境。适度的背景噪音有利于创造性工作，70分贝环境最适合创造性工作。
三、重点单词（词性转换词、熟词生意词、超纲词）和短语
1. interviewer n. 采访者
interview vt. 采访，会见，面试
think about ... 思考......，考虑......
annoyed adj. 感到生气的，感到恼怒的（分词形容词）
be annoyed at/by ... 因为......而生气/恼怒
be annoyed with sb. 因为某人而生气/恼怒
annoy vt. 使生气，使恼怒
an open office n. 开放式办公室
membership n. （团体、俱乐部的）会员身份、资格（-ship接在名词之后，表示“......职位”，“......地位”，“......资格”）
coworking n. 联合办公，共享办公
coworking space 联合办公空间，共享办公空间（是一种为降低办公室租赁成本的办公模式，来自不同公司的个人在联合办公空间中共同工作，在特别设计和安排的办公空间中共享办公环境，彼此独立完成各自项目）
cowork vi. 联合办公，共享办公（co- 用于构成形容词、副词动词或名词，表示“和…一起”，“共同”，“联合”）
across the street 在街对面
strike vt. 给予......印象，让......觉得（熟词生义）
strike sb. as ... 给某人留下.....的.印象，使某人感到......
strike sb. as strange 给某人留下奇怪的印象，使某人觉得奇怪
after all 毕竟，终究
typically adv. 通常，一般，典型地
typical adj. 典型的，一贯的
come across ... （偶然）发现，遇见
work vi. 奏效，产生预期效果（熟词生义）
researcher n. 研究者，调查员
research v. 研究，调查
participant n. 参加者，参与者（-ant构成名词，表示“从事......的人”，“......的事物”）
participate vi. 参加，参与
creative thinking 创造性思维
randomly adv. 随机地，任意地
random adj. 随机的，任意的
be divided into ... 被（划）分成......
exposed adj. 无遮蔽的，无保护的，敞开的（分词形容词）
be exposed to ... 被暴露在......，遭受到......，接触到......，处于......之中，面对......
statistically adv. 统计上，统计学上
statistical adj. 统计（上）的，统计学（上）的
statistic(s) n. 统计，统计学
insignificant adj. 无关紧要的，无意义的
significant adj. 重要的，有重大意义的
significantly adv. 明显地，显著地
be similar to ... 与......相似，与......类似
chatter n. 唠叨，喋喋不休（动词转名词）
outperform vt. 表现得比......好，性能优于......（out-表示“在......之上”，“胜过......”）
suggest vt. 表明，暗示，显示（熟词生义）
that much 那么多（表程度）
in response to ... 对......的答复，对......的反应
patterns of thinking 思维模式
allow ... to do sth. 允许......做某事
imagination n. 想象，想象力；(U)想象的产物，幻想物
imagine v. 想象，料想，认为
stop ... from doing sth. 阻止......做某事
be/get drawn into ... 被吸引入......，被拉入......
draw sb. into ... 吸引某人进入......，把某人拉入......
face-to-face adj. 面对面的
freedom from ... 从......中解放，免除......
interruption n. 妨碍，打扰
interrupt v. 打扰，打断
have an effect on ... 对......产生影响，对......产生效果
disturbing adj. 令人不安的（分词形容词）
disturb vt 打扰，扰乱，使不安
refreshing adj. 使人精神振奋的，令人耳目一新的（分词形容词）
refresh vt. 使心情愉快，使精神振奋
transform ... into ... 使......改变为......
block out 遮住（光、声音等）
unwelcome adj. 不受欢迎的
be unwelcome to sb 不受某人欢迎
welcome adj. 受欢迎的
privacy n. 隐私，秘密（-cy接在某些词尾是-te，-t,和 -tic的形容词后构成名词，表
示“性质”，“状态”）
private adj. 私有的，私人的，秘密的
unprotected adj. 未受保护的
protected adj. 受保护的（分词形容词）
protect vt. 保护
limited adj. 有限的（分词形容词）
limit vt. 限制，限定
restrictions on 对......的限制
published adj. 出版的，发表的（分词形容词）
a published writer 出版作家
四、关键结构和长难句
1. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however,the participants in the 70 decibels group—those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop-significantly outperformed the other groups .
1).those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop是同位语，对the participants进行补充说明。
2).exposed to a level of noise... 是过去分词短语形式做后置定语，修饰those。相当于定语从句：who were exposed to a level of noise...
3).similar to ... 是形容词短语做后置定语，修饰noise。相当于定语从句：which was similar to ...
【参考译文】大多数组之间的差异在统计学上是无关紧要的；然而，70分贝组的参与者——那些处于类似于咖啡店里喋喋不休闲聊的背景噪音水平的噪音中的参与者——表现明显优于其他组。
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise—not too loud and not total silence—may actually improve one’s creative thinking ability.
1).since引导的是一个原因状语从句。意为“因为”，“既然”。
E.g. Mark needs to learn Chinese since his company is opening a branch in Beijing. Mark需要学习汉语是因为他的公司要在北京开分公司。
Why not buy a cheaper one, since you don’t have enough money 既然你没有足够的钱，为什么不买个便宜的？
2).suggest意为“表明”，“显示”。后面接的是一个that引导的宾语从句。
3).not too loud and not total silence中的第二个not不能省略，省略时须把and换成or。
E.g. They have no books and no magazines for sale. 他们既没有书可卖，也没有杂志可卖。（=they have no books or magazines for sale.）
【参考译文】但因为70 分贝的结果是显著的，研究还表明，适当的背景噪音—— 既不要太大，也不要完全沉默—— 实际上可以提高一个人的创造性思维能力。
The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus.
1). to allow ... 是动词不定式短做语副词enough的补足语。
enough用作副词来修饰动词、形容词、副词时，后面常接一个动词不定式做补足语。即
“enough + 动词不定式”结构：
E.g. She lived long enough to realize all her dreams. 她活得很久，足以实现她所有的梦想。
She was not old enough to drive a car. 那时她很小，还不能开车。
Students brave enough to attempt the course deserve to succeed. 凡有足够勇气选这门课的学生一定能活得成功。
I was fool enough to believe her. 我真是太傻了，居然相信了她。
2).without making ... 是“介词+动名词”短语形式作状语，表伴随情况。
3).make + it（形式宾语）+adj.（宾语补足语）+ 动词不定式（真正宾语）。
E.g. Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it to be reused. 如今人们有时把他们的废品分开来，以便更加容易被再利用。
The fact that she was foreign made it difficult for her to get a job in that country. 她是外国人的事实使得她在那个国家难以找到工作。
【参考译文】适当水平的背景噪音可能会打断我们正常的思维模式，正好足以让我们的想象力展开，但又不至于使注意力无法集中。
The problem may be that, in our offices, we can't stop ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus.
1). 本句中that引导的是一个表语从句，that在从句中不做任何成分，也没有任何意义。
E.g. Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was that it was rather closely modeled on his own life. 尔斯·狄更斯喜欢他自己的小说《大卫·科波菲尔》的部分原因是这部小说非常贴近他自己的生活。
One advantage of playing the guitar is that it can give you a great deal of pleasure. 句意是弹吉它的一个好处就是它能带给你许多乐趣。
2). while引导的时间状语从句中的动词必须是持续性的，不能是瞬时性的。
E.g. We must strike while the iron is hot. 我们必须乘热打铁。
While the discussion is going on, Gerhardt came in. 讨论还在进行的时候，杰哈特走了进来。
【参考译文】问题可能是，在我们的办公室里，当我们努力集中注意力时，我们无法阻止自己被别人的谈话所吸引。
Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
1). found后面接的是一个that引导的宾语从句；这个宾语从句是并列连词and yet连接的两个并列句。
2). and yet用作并列连词，相当于but。and有时可以省略。
E.g. It is strange, and yet it is true. 这很奇怪，但却是真的。
The essay is good, yet it could be improved. 这篇文章写得很好，但是还可以改进。
3). and yet后面的并列分句中的while also providing freedom from interruptions是时间状语从句while it is also providing freedom from interruptions的简化，即省去了it is。有时为了使语言简洁，常常将表示时间、条件或让步等且主语与主句主语一致或是it的状语从句进行“简化”，即直接采用连词加上分词、不定式、形容词、名词或介词短语的形式。
E.g. I was considering this while working as a nurse just a few weeks ago. 就在几个星期前，我当护士的时候，我一直在考虑这个问题。（= ... while I was working as ... ）
When comparing different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. 当比较不同的文化的时候，我们通常总注意到它们之间的区别而没有注意到它们之间的相似之处。（= When we are comparing different cultures, ... ）
The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, unless accompanied by an adult. 学校规则说明任何孩子在白天不允许出校门，除非有成人陪同。（= ... during the day,unless he is accompanied by an adult.）
Although small, the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries. 尽管很小，但是这个公司已经在30多个国家有1 000名左右的客户。（= Although it is small, the company has about... ）
If necessary, ring me at home--you know my number. 如有必要，你给我家里打电话--你知道我的电话号码的。（=If it is necessary , ring me... ）
The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if to see whether he was going in the right direction. 我们跟踪的那个人突然停了下来，看上去好像要看看是否走对了方向。（= ...and looked as if he was to see whether he was going in the right direction. ）
【参考译文】事实上，研究人员发现，面对面的互动和交谈会影响创意过程，然而，一个共同工作的空间或咖啡馆在提供一定程度的噪音的过程中，也提供了免受干扰的自由。
What makes an open office unwelcome to many people
“make + 宾语 + 形容词（宾语补足语）”结构。
g. These successes made him dizzy. 这些成功使他冲昏了头脑。
..., it's not difficult to make yourself interesting at a dinner party. ......，让你在晚宴聚会上有趣并不难。
During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it desirable. 在那段时间里，环境意识的不断提高使它（生态旅游）受到人们喜爱。
The discovery has made possible new techniques for brain surgery. 这个发现使得大脑手术新技术成为可能。
【参考译文】什么让许多人不接受开放式办公室。
【答案】A C D D
【附：学案】
精 读 高 考 真 题 (十）
高考英语真题是英语学习的宝藏，精读一篇远胜过刷题十篇。相较于教材、日常习题，高考真题的语料更加新颖、更有针对性。长期精读高考真题有利于增强英语学习的信心，从而极大提高学习英语的效率。
一、真题再现
During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction(干扰) in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street —so I can focus. "His comment struck me as strange. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout (布局). But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.
The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking. They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels(分贝), 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however,the participants in the 70 decibels group—those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop-significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise—not too loud and not total silence—may actually improve one’s creative thinking ability. The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus. This kind of "distracted focus" appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks.
So why do so many of us hate our open offices The problem may be that, in our offices, we can't stop ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
32. Why does the interviewer prefer a coworking space
A. It helps him concentrate.
B. It blocks out background noise.
C. It has a pleasant atmosphere.
D. It encourages face-to-face interactions.
33. Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability
A. Total silence.
B. 50 decibels.
C. 70 decibels.
D. 85 decibels.
34. What makes an open office unwelcome to many people
A. Personal privacy unprotected.
B. Limited working space.
C. Restrictions on group discussion.
D. Constant interruptions.
35.What can we infer about the author from the text
A. He's a news reporter.
B. He’s an office manager.
C. He's a professional designer.
D. He's a published writer.
（2021年全国乙卷阅读理解D篇）
二、语篇导读：本文的语篇类型是_______，主题语境为____________。主要叙述了__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________。
三、重点单词（词性转换词、熟词生意词、超纲词）和短语
1. interviewer n.
interview vt.
think about ...
annoyed adj.
be annoyed at/by ...
be annoyed with sb.
annoy vt.
an open office n.
membership n.
coworking n.
coworking space
cowork vi.
across the street
strike vt.
strike sb. as ...
strike sb. as strange
after all
typically adv.
typical adj.
come across ...
work vi.
researcher n.
research v.
participant n.
participate vi.
creative thinking
randomly adv.
random adj.
be divided into ...
exposed adj.
be exposed to ...
statistically adv.
statistical adj.
statistic(s) n.
insignificant adj.
significant adj.
significantly adv.
be similar to ...
chatter n.
outperform vt.
suggest vt.
that much
in response to ...
patterns of thinking
allow ... to do sth.
imagination n.
imagine v.
stop ... from doing sth.
be/get drawn into ...
draw sb. into ...
face-to-face adj.
freedom from ...
interruption n.
interrupt v.
have an effect on ...
disturbing adj.
disturb vt
refreshing adj.
refresh vt.
transform ... into ...
block out
unwelcome adj.
be unwelcome to sb
welcome adj.
privacy n.
private adj.
unprotected adj.
protected adj.
protect vt.
limited adj.
limit vt.
restrictions on
45. published adj.
a published writer
四、关键结构和长难句
1. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however,the participants in the 70 decibels group—those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop-significantly outperformed the other groups .
1).those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop是______语，对the participants进行___________。
2).exposed to ... 是_____________形式做___________，修饰those。相当于定语从句：_____________________ ...
3).similar to a level of noise... 是___________做____________，修饰______。相当于定语从句：___________similar to a level of noise...
【译文】 ______________________________________________________。
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise—not too loud and not total silence—may actually improve one’s creative thinking ability.
1).since引导的是一个_______________。意为________________。
E.g. Mark needs to learn Chinese __________his company is opening a branch in Beijing. Mark需要学习汉语是因为他的公司要在北京开分公司。
Why not buy a cheaper one, ___________you don’t have enough money 既然你没有足够的钱，为什么不买个便宜的？
2).suggest意为______________。后面接的是一个that引导的_____________。
3).not too loud and not total silence中的第二个not_______省略，省略时须把and换成________。
E.g. They have no books ____________magazines for sale. 他们既没有书可卖，也没有杂志可卖。（=they have no books ___________magazines for sale.）
【译文】______________________________________________________。
The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus.
1). to allow ... 是__________________做语副词enough的_______________语。
enough用作副词来修饰动词、形容词、副词时，后面常接一个___________做补足语。即“enough + 动词不定式”结构：
E.g. She lived long ______________ all her dreams. 她活得很久，足以实现她所有的梦想。
She was not old _________________ a car. 那时她很小，还不能开车。
Students brave ____________ the course deserve to succeed. 凡有足够勇气选这门课的学生一定能活得成功。
I was fool ______________ her. 我真是太傻了，居然相信了她。
2).without making ... 是“介词+动名词”短语形式作_______语，表_____________。
3).make + it（形式宾语）+adj.（宾语补足语）+ 动词不定式（真正宾语）。
E.g. Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make _______easier for it ___________. 如今人们有时把他们的废品分开来，以便更加容易被再利用。
The fact that she was foreign made _______ difficult for her _______ a job in that country. 她是外国人的事实使得她在那个国家难以找到工作。
【译文】______________________________________________________。
The problem may be that, in our offices, we can't stop ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus.
1). 本句中that引导的是一个__________，that在从句中__________成分，也________。
E.g. Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was ______ it was rather closely modeled on his own life. 尔斯·狄更斯喜欢他自己的小说《大卫·科波菲尔》的部分原因是这部小说非常贴近他自己的生活。
One advantage of playing the guitar is _________ it can give you a great deal of pleasure. 句意是弹吉它的一个好处就是它能带给你许多乐趣。
2). while引导的时间状语从句中的动词必须是_______，不能是________。
E.g. We must strike __________the iron is hot. 我们必须乘热打铁。
___________ the discussion is going on, Gerhardt came in. 讨论还在进行的时候，杰哈特走了进来。
【译文】_____________________________________________________。
Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
1). found后面接的是一个that引导的_________；这个宾语从句是并列连词and yet连接的两个____________句。
2). and yet用作并列连词，相当于________。and有时可以________。
E.g. It is strange, _________it is true. 这很奇怪，但却是真的。
The essay is good, _______it could be improved. 这篇文章写得很好，但是还可以改进。
3). and yet后面的并列分句中的while also providing freedom from interruptions是时间状语从句____________also providing freedom from interruptions的简化，即省去了______。有时为了使语言简洁，常常将表示_____、_____或______等且主语与主句主语_______或是_______的状语从句进行“简化”，即直接采用连词加上______、_______、________、_______或_________的形式。
E.g. I was considering this ____________ as a nurse just a few weeks ago. 就在几个星期前，我当护士的时候，我一直在考虑这个问题。（= ... ____________________as ... ）
___________________ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. 当比较不同的文化的时候，我们通常总注意到它们之间的区别而没有注意到它们之间的相似之处。（= __________________ different cultures, ... ）
The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, _______________ by an adult. 学校规则说明任何孩子在白天不允许出校门，除非有成人陪同。（= ... during the day,_________________________ by an adult.）
________________, the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries. 尽管很小，但是这个公司已经在30多个国家有1 000名左右的客户。（= _____________________, the company has about... ）
________________, ring me at home--you know my number. 如有必要，你给我家里打电话--你知道我的电话号码的。（=__________________ , ring me... ）
The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked ______________whether he was going in the right direction. 我们跟踪的那个人突然停了下来，看上去好像要看看是否走对了方向。（= ... and looked_____________________whether he was going in the right direction. ）
【译文】_______________________________________________________。
What makes an open office unwelcome to many people
“make + 宾语 + 形容词（宾语补足语）”结构。
g. These successes made him ___________. 这些成功使他冲昏了头脑。
..., it's not difficult to make yourself _________ at a dinner party. ......，让你在晚宴聚会上有趣并不难。
During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it ___________. 在那段时间里，环境意识的不断提高使它（生态旅游）受到人们喜爱。
The discovery has made _________possible new techniques for brain surgery. 这个发现使得大脑手术新技术成为可能。
【译文】________________________________。