第16讲 九年级 Unit 4--7
重点单词 humorous [ hju m r s] 有幽默感的;滑稽有趣的 silent [ sa l nt] 不说话的;沉默的 helpful ['helpf l] 有用的;有帮助的 score [sk ] 得分;打分 background [ b kɡra nd] 背景 interview [ nt vju ] 采访;面试n. Asian [ e ( )n e ( )n]亚洲的;亚洲人的,亚洲人 dare [de ] 敢于;胆敢 private [ pra v t] 私人的;私密的 guard [ɡɑ d] 警卫;看守v.守卫;保卫 require [r kwa ] 需要;要求 European [j r pi n] 欧洲的;欧洲人的 British ['br t ] 英国的;英国人的 speech [spi t ] 讲话;发言 ant [ nt] 蚂蚁 insect [ nsekt] 昆虫 influence [ nfl ns] 影响 seldom [ seld m] 不常;很少 proud [pra d] 自豪的;骄傲的 absent [ bs nt] 缺席;不在 fail [fe l] 失败;未能(做到) examination [ g z m 'ne n] 考试;审查 exactly [ g'z ktli] 确切地;精确地 pride [pra d] 自豪;骄傲 grandson [ ɡr nds n] 孙子;外孙 general [ d en r( )l] 普遍的;常规的;总的将军 introduction [ ntr d k ( )n] 介绍 chopsticks [ t pstiks] n. 筷子. coin [k in] n. 硬币 fork [f :k] n. 餐叉,叉子. blouse [blauz] n.(女士)短上衣;衬衫. sliver [silv ] n. 银,银器;adj.银色的 . glass [glas] n .玻璃 cotton ['k tn] ['kɑ:tn] n. 棉;棉花. steel [sti:l] n. 钢;钢铁. fair [fe (r)] [fer] n.展览会;交易会 adj.公平的 environmental [ n va r n mentl] adj.自然环境的;有关环境的 grass [ɡrɑ:s] [ɡr s] n. 草;草地 leaf [li:f] n.(pl. leaves [li:vz])叶,叶子 produce [pr 'dju:s] v. 生产;制造;出产 . widely [ waidli] adv. 广泛地;普遍地 . process [pr uses] v. 加工;处理;过程. Park 包装;装箱 product [ pr d kt][ prɑ:d kt] n. 产品;制品 France [fra:ns], [fr ns] 法国 . . local [ l ukl] adj. 当地的;本地的 . brand [br nd] n. 品牌;牌子 avoid [ v id] v. 避免;回避 . handbag [ h ndb g] n. 小手提包 mobile [ m ubail] adj.可移动的;非固定的 everyday ['evride ] adj. 每天的;日常的 boss [b s] [b :s] n. 老板;上司 Germany [ d :(r)m ni] n. 德国 . surface [s :(r)fis] n. 表面;表层. material [m ti ri l] n. 材料;原料 . traffic [ tr f k] n. 交通;路上行驶的车辆 postman [ p ustm n] n. 邮递员 . cap [k p] n(尤指有帽舌的)帽子 glove [gl v] n(分手指的)手套 . international [ int (r) n n l] adj. 国际的 competitor [k m petit (r)] n. 参赛者;竞争者 its [its] adj. 它的 form [f :(r)m] n. 形式;类型 clay [klei] n. 黏土;陶土 celebration [ sel bre n] n. 庆典;庆祝活动 balloon [b lu:n] n. 气球 . scissors [ siz (r)z] n. (pl.) 剪刀 lively [ laivli] adj. 生气勃勃的;(色彩)鲜艳的 fairy [ fe ri] [ feri] tale [teil] n 童话故事 historical [h st r kl] adj.(有关)历史的 heat [hi:t] n. 热;高温 v. 加热,变热 polish [ p l ][ pɑ:l ] v. 磨光;修改;润色 complete [k m pli:t] v. 完成 Korea [k ri: ] 朝鲜;韩国 Switzerland [swits (r)l nd] 瑞士 heel [hi:l] n. 鞋跟;足跟 scoop [sku:p] n. 勺;铲子 electricity [i lek tris ti] n. 电;电能 style [stail] n. 样式;款式 project ['pr d ekt] ['prɑ:d ekt] n. 项目;工程 pleasure [ ple (r)] n. 高兴;愉快 zipper [ zip (r)] n. (= zip) 拉链;拉锁 daily [ deili] adj. 每日的;日常的 have a point 有道理 website [ websait] n. 网站 pioneer [ pa 'n ] [ pa 'n r] n. 先锋;先驱 list [list] v. 列表;列清单 n.名单;清单 mention [ men n] v. 提到;说到 accidental [ ks dentl] adj. 偶然的;意外的. ruler [ ru:l r] n. 统治者;支配者 boil [b il] v. 煮沸;烧开 remain [r me n] v. 保持不变;剩余 smell [smel] v.发出……气味;闻到 saint[seint] n. 圣人;圣徒 national ['n n l] adj. 民族的;国家的; trade[tre d] n.贸易;交易;v.做买卖;从事贸易; popularity [p pj 'l r t ] n.受欢迎,普及, doubt [daut] n. 疑惑;疑问 v. 怀疑 without doubt 毫无疑问;的确 . fridge [frid ] n. 冰箱 . low [lo ] adj. 低的;矮的 somebody ['s mb di] pron.某人 n.重要人物 translate [tr ns leit] v. 翻译 . lock [l k][la:k] v. 锁上;锁住 n.锁 ring [r ] v.发出钟声或铃声;打电话 earthquake [ :(r)θkweik] n. 地震 . sudden [ s d n] adj. 突然(的). bell [bel] n.钟(声);铃(声) biscuit [ biskit] n. 饼干 . cookie[ kuki] n. 曲奇饼干 . musical [ mju:z kl] adj. 音乐的;有音乐天赋的 instrument [ instrum nt] n. 器械;仪器;工具. crispy [ krispi] adj. 脆的;酥脆的. salty [ s :lti] adj. 咸的 sour [ sau (r)] adj. 酸的;有酸味的 . customer [ k st m (r)] n. 顾客;客户 . Canadian [k neidi n] adj. 加拿大的;加拿大人的 n.加拿大人 divide [di vaid] v. 分开;分散 . basket [ba:ski[] n. 篮;筐 . hero [ hi r u] n. 英雄;男主角 Professional [pr fe nl] adj.职业的;专业的 license [ laIsns ] n. (= licence) 证;证件 safety [ seifti] n. 安全;安全性 smoke [sm uk] v. 冒烟;吸烟 n. 烟 part-time [ pɑ:(r)t ta m] adj.兼职的 pierce [pi s][pirs] v. 扎;刺破;穿透 earring [ i ri ][ r ] n. 耳环;耳饰 flash [fl ] n. 闪光灯;闪光 v. 闪光,闪耀 tiny ['ta n ] adj. 极小的,微小的 cry [kra ] v. & n. 哭;叫喊 field [fi:ld] n. 田野;场地 hug [h g] n. & v. 拥抱;搂抱 lift [lIft] v. 举起;抬高 n. 电梯;搭便车 badly [ b dli] adv. 严重地;差;非常 awful [ :fl] adj. 很坏的;讨厌的 teen [ti:n] n.(13至19岁之间的)青少年 regret [ri gret] v. 感到遗憾;懊悔 poem [ p uim] n. 诗;韵文 community [k mju:n ti] n. 社区;社团 chance [t a:ns] [t ns] n. 机会;可能性 educate [ ed ukeit] v. 教育;教导 manage [ m nid ] v. 完成(困难的事);应付(困难局面) society [s sai ti] n. 社会 support [s p :(r)t] v. & n. 支持 enter [ent (r)] v. 进来;进去 choice [t s] n.选择; 挑选
词汇拓展 humorous有幽默感的;滑稽有趣的→humor n.幽默 *a sense of humor 一种幽默感 silent不说话的;沉默的→silence n.沉默 *keep silent 保持沉默 *be in silence 沉默 helpful有用的;有帮助的→helpless adj.无助的→help v.帮助 *help sb (to) do/ with 帮助做某事/某事 interview 采访;面试n.→interviewer n.采访者;面试官→interviewee n.被采访者;被面试者 Asian 亚洲的;亚洲人的,亚洲人→Asia n.亚洲 European欧洲的;欧洲人的→Europe n.欧洲 British 英国的;英国人的→Britain n.英国;大不列颠 speech [spi t ] 讲话;发言→speak v.说→ speaker n.演讲者 *give/ deliver a speech 发表演讲 influence n./v.影响 *influence on/have an influence on对...有影响 proud 自豪的;骄傲的→pride n.骄傲 *be proud of 为 骄傲;感到自豪 *take pride in 对...骄傲 absent 缺席;不在→ absence n.缺席 *be absent from 缺席 fail失败;未能(做到)→ failure n.失败 *fail to do 未能做到某事 examination 考试;审查→exam n.考试(缩写) exactly 确切地;精确地→ exact adj,确切的;精确的 general 普遍的;常规的;总的;将军→generally adv.普遍地;常规地 *in general 总的来说 introduction介绍→introduce v.介绍 fair n.展览会;交易会 adj.公平的→unfair adj.不公平的→fairness n.公平 environmental adj.自然环境的;有关环境的→environment n.环境 *environmental problem 环境问题 widely adv. 广泛地;普遍地→wide adj.宽的;广泛的 France 法国 →French n./adj.法语;法国的;法国人的→Frenchman n.法国人 avoid v. 避免;回避 . *avoid doing避免做某事 mobile adj.可移动的;非固定的→fixed adj.固定的 everyday adj. 每天的;日常的→daily adj.每天的 Germany n. 德国→German adj./n.德国的;德语的;德国人的;德语;德国人 celebration n. 庆典;庆祝活动→celebrate v.庆祝 lively adj. 生气勃勃的;(色彩)鲜艳的→live v.生存;居住→alive adj.活着的 historical adj.(有关)历史的→history n.历史 heat n. 热;高温 v. 加热,变热 →hot adj.热的 complete v. 完成→completion n.完成 Korea 朝鲜;韩国→Korean adj./n.韩国人(语)的;朝鲜人(语)的/韩国人(语);朝鲜人(语) electricity n.电;电→electric adj.电的;导电的→electrical adj.有关电的;电气科学的 pleasure n. 高兴;愉快→please v.让...开心→pleased adj.感到高兴的→pleasant adj.令人高兴的 list v. 列表;列清单 n.名单;清单 *make a list 列清单 accidental adj. 偶然的;意外的→accident n.事故 *by accident 偶然;意外地 ruler n. 统治者;支配者→rule v.统治 national adj.民族的;国家的→nation n.名族;国家 trade n.贸易;交易;v.做买卖;从事贸易;→trader n.商人 popularity n.受欢迎,普及→popular adj.受欢迎的 doubt n. 疑惑;疑问 v. 怀疑 *without doubt 毫无疑问;的确 translate v. 翻译→translation n.翻译→translator 翻译家 sudden adj. 突然(的)→ suddenly adv 突然地 *all of a sudden 突然 musical adj. 音乐的;有音乐天赋的 → music n.音乐→ musician n.音乐家 instrument n. 器械;仪器;工具→ instruct v.指导;指示;教授 salty adj. 咸的→ salt n.盐 Canadian adj. 加拿大的;加拿大人的 n.加拿大人→Canada n.加拿大 divide v. 分开;分散 . *divide ...into 把……分开 hero n. 英雄;男主角 → heroes pl. Professional adj.职业的;专业的→ profession n.职业 safety n. 安全;安全性→ safe adj.安全的 hug n.& v.拥抱;搂抱→hugged vp.→ hugged vpp. lift v. 举起;抬高 n. 电梯;搭便车 *give sb a lift 给某人搭便车 regret v. 感到遗憾;懊悔→ regretted vp.→regretted vpp. *regret to do 后悔去做某事 *regret doing 后悔做过某事 poem n. 诗;韵文→poet n.诗人 educate v. 教育;教导→education n.教育→educational adj.有教育意义的 manage v. 完成(困难的事);应付(困难局面)→ manager 经理;管理人员 society n. 社会 → social adj. 社会的 choice n.选择; 挑选 → choose v.选择
重点短语 1.used to do 过去常常做 2.deal with 对付 应付 3.be proud of 为……骄傲 ,感到自豪 4.take pride in 为……感到自豪 5.from time to time 时常,有时 6.in public 公开地 7.in person 亲身,亲自 8.take up sth 开始做,接受,占用 9.not……anymore 不再 10.worry about 为……担忧 11.hang out 闲逛 12.think about 考虑 13.be alone 独处 14.on the soccer team 在足球队 15.no longer 不再 16.make a decision 做决 定 17.to one’s surprise 令某人吃惊的是 18.even though 尽管 19.pay attention to 对……注意,留心 20.in the last few years 在过去的几年里 21.be afraid of 害怕 22.turn red 变红 23.tons of attention 很多关注 24.be careful 当心 25.give up 放弃 26.a very small number of …极少数的…… 27.give a speech 作演讲 28.all the time 一直 总是 29.be interested in 对……感兴趣 30.change one’s life 改变某人的生活 31.take care of 照顾 32.one of…, ……之一 33.be made of 由...制成的(表示制成成品后,仍可看出原材料是什么) 34.be made from 由...制成的(在成品中已无法辨认原材料) 35.be known for 以......闻名 36.be used for 被用于...... 37.no matter 不论;无论 38.be covered with 用...覆盖 39.as far as I know 据我所知 40.by hand 用手 41.be good at 擅长 42.make high-technology products 制造高科技产品 43.the earth’s surface 地球表面 44.many different kinds of 许多不同种类的 45.such as 例如 46.according to 根据 按照 47.ask for help 请求帮助 48.a symbol of ……的象征 49.put…on… 把……放在……上 50.be used for 被用于做…… 51.good luck 好运 52.at a very high heat 在高温下 53.be made in 在……制造的 54.be famous for 以……著名 55.on the sides of mountains 在山腰上 56.traffic accident 交通事故 57.be from 来自 58.turn ……into ……把……变成…… 59.It's my pleasure.= My pleasure. 我的荣幸 60.seem+to+动词原形 好像做某事 61.such a great invention 如此伟大的一项发明 62.think of = think about 想到,考虑 63.in our daily lives 在我们的日常生活中 64.in my daily life在我的日常生活中 65.have a point 有道理 66.by accident 偶然地,意外地 67.over an open fire 在篝火上 68.It is said that 据说 69.It is believed that人们相信 70.fall into(过去式fell into)=drop into掉进… 71.in the 19th century 在19世纪 72.spread to other countries 传播到其他国家 73.at a low price 以很低的价格 74.bring(brought) sth. to sp.把某物带到某处 75.all of a sudden 突然地 76.less than少于,不到 77.more than = over 超过 78.without doubt 毫无疑问 79.at that time 在那时 80.advise sb (not) to do sth建议某人(不要)做某事 81.start doing sth 开始做某事 82.work on sth 致力于某事 83.(be) similar to 与……相似 84.by mistake 错误地,无意地 85.make a mistake 犯错 86.divide ...into…把…分成… 87.in the end = at last = finally 最后 88.at the same time 同时 89.get his driver’s license 取得驾驶执照 90.no way没门,不行 91.sixteen-year-old 十六岁的 92. be worried about=worry about 对..担心 93. have part-time jobs 做兼职工作 94. get one’s ears pierced 打耳洞 95. get / have / make sth. done 使某物被做…… 96. stop doing sth 停止做某事 97. stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事 98. spend time with sb. 花时间和某人在一起 99.take photos, take a photo 照相 100.use a flash 使用闪光灯 101.all night 整夜 102.stay by my side 呆在我身边 103.make sure = be sure 确保,确定 104.keep sb. (away) from sth使某人远离某物 105. hurt oneself 伤害某人自己 106. give sb. a hug = hug sb. 拥抱某人 107.lift sb.up 举起某人 108. cough badly 剧烈地咳嗽 109. talk back 回嘴 110. an adult 一个成人 111. think back to 回想起 112. regret doing sth. 后悔做了某事 113. make one’s own decision 做某人自己的觉得 114.too + adj.+ to do sth. 太…而不能做某事 115.learn…from…从…...学到…... 116.agree with sb 同意某人的观点 117.disagree with sb. 不同意某人的观点 118.move out 搬出去
重点句型 I used to be afraid of the dark. 我过去常常前害怕黑暗. 2.I go to sleep with my bedroom light on. 我开着卧室的灯睡觉. 3. I used to spend a lot of time playing games with my friends.以前我常常花很多时间和我的朋友们玩游戏. 4. I hardly ever have time for concerts. 我几乎没有时间去听音乐会. 5. My life has changed a lot in the last few years. 我的生活在过去几年里改变了很多. 6. It will make you stressed out.那会使你紧张的. 7. It seems that Yu Mei has changed a lot. 玉梅似乎变化很大. 8. What are the shirts made of 衬衫是由什么制成的? 9. It was made in Thailand.它是在泰国制造的。 10. No matter what you made buy,you might think those products were made in those countries.无论你买什么,你会认为那些产品是在那些国家制造的。 11. The international kite festival is held in April every year.国际风筝节是在每年的四月举行。 12. Laura didn’t know that kite flying could be so exciting.劳拉不知道放飞风筝可能会如此令人兴奋。 13.give sth. to sb. I gave a pen to him. 我给他一支笔。 14.give sb. sth. I gave him a pen. 我给他一支笔。 15. make sb./sth+形容词:使…怎么样 It made me happy. 它使我高兴 16.make sb./sth+名词:让…...做…... It made me laugh. 它让我发笑。 17. not…until… 直到…才… I didn't go to bed until I finished my work. 我直到完成我的工作才去睡觉。 18.I don’t think twelve-year-olds should be allowed to get their ears pierced. 我认为不应该允许12岁的孩子穿耳孔。 19. They talk instead of doing homework. 他们聊天而不是做作业。 20. He is allowed to stay up until 11:00 pm. 允许他们熬到晚上11点。 21. We should be allowed to take time to do things like that more often.我们应该被允许更加经常的花些时间多做这类事情。 22. What school rules do you think should be changed 你认为学校的哪些制度应该改一改了? 23. The two pairs of jeans both look good on me. 这两条牛仔裤穿在我身上都适合。 24. The classroom is a real mess.教室太脏了。 25. Should I be allowed to make my own decisions 我应该被允许自己做决定吗 26. Only then will I have a chance of achieving my dream.只有这样我才能实现我的梦想。 27. They should be allowed to practice their hobbies as much a s they want.应该允许他们对业余爱好想练多长时间就练多长时间。 28. We have nothing against running. 我们没有理由反对他跑步。
知识点
◆考点1 The head teacher advised his parents to …
(1)advise表示“建议”,通常为及物动词,若其后的宾语是动词,通常应是动名词,而不能是不定式。例如:
I advise waiting till the right time. 我建议等到适当的时候。
(2)advise 之后不能直接跟不定式,但可接不定式的复合结构,常用于advise sb. to do sth.的结构中。例如:
He advised us to sell the house. 他建议我们把房子卖了。
The doctor advised me to stop smoking. 医生建议我戒烟。
【拓展】
advice是不可数名词,意为“意见、建议、劝告、忠告”,不能与不定冠词a 连用。例如 a piece of advice一条建
◆精题巧练
1.(2020四川泸州)6.Because of COVID-19 in February, the government advised us_______ to the public places less.
going B.go C.to go D.gone
【答案】C
【解析】句意:由于2月份COVID-19疫情,政府建议我们少去公共场所。
考查动词不定式。going动名词或动词的现在分词;go动词原形;to go动词不定式;gone动词过去分词。根据题干,可知这里考查advise sb to do sth.固定搭配,表示“建议某人做某事”;故答案选C
2.(2020吉林长春)13.My friend advises me ________ comedies to relax myself.
A.watch B.to watch C.watching D.watched
【答案】B
【解析】句意:我的朋友建议我看喜剧来放松自己。
考查动词不定式。表达“建议某人做某事”用动词短语“advise sb. to do sth.”,此处用动词不定式to watch。故选B。
◆考点2 They also told me that even though they…
even though意为“尽管;既然;纵然”,有退一步设想的意味,相当于even if,多用于书面语中,引导让步状语从句。例如:
He went on working with his assistant even though both of them were tired.
尽管他们两个都累了,他仍然和他的助手继续工作。
Even if I have to sell my house, I will keep my business.
即使我卖掉房子,我还是要继续我的事业。
◆精题巧练
1.【2023黑龙江省龙东地区】I will never forget that car accident ________ it happened so long ago.
A. until B. if C. even though
【答案】C
【解析】考查连词辨析。句意:我永远不会忘记那场车祸,尽管它发生在很久以前。until直到;if如果;even though尽管。根据“I will never forget that car accident...it happened so long ago”可知前后两句的让步关系,用even though引导让步状语从句。故选C。
◆考点3 Maria, you used to be short, didn’t you
(1)used to do sth是一个固定结构,意思是“过去经常做某事”,后面用动词原形,表示过去的某种经常性、习惯性的行为或者动作,并意味着这种动作目前已经不存在。例如:
肯定句:I used to play with my friends after school.过去放学后我常常和朋友们一起玩。
否定句:You didn't use to like pop songs.=You usedn't to like pop songs. 你过去不喜欢流行歌曲。
一般疑问句:Did your sister use to be quiet = Used your sister to be quiet 你的妹妹过去很安静吗?
there be句式:There used to be a lot of fishes in this river. 过去这条小河常常有许多鱼。
(2)you used to be short, didn’t you 是反意疑问句,表示对陈述句所说的事实提出相反的疑问,要求对方用“yes”或“no”来进行回答。
反义疑问句由两部分组成:前一部分是陈述句,后一部分是疑问句,疑问句是由be ,have, 助动词或情态动词后接主语构成。如果陈述句是肯定结构,反意疑问句须用否定结构;反之, 陈述句如果是否定结构,反意疑问句须用肯定结构。
反意疑问句的两部分,必须保持人称和时态的一致。
He is old, isn’t he 他老了,不是吗?
He never went there, did he 他从没有去过那里,是吗?
无论哪种形式的反意疑问句,回答时要遵循:“Yes,后接肯定式”或者“No,后接否定式”
—The girl is helping her mother with the housework, isn’t she
那个女孩正在帮妈妈做家务,不是吗?
—Yes, she is. 是的,她在帮。/ —No, she isn’t. 不,她没有帮。
◆精题巧练
1.【2023黑龙江省龙东地区】5. —You haven’t visited the Palace Museum, have you
—________ How I wish to visit it some day!
A. No, I haven’t. B. Yes, I haven’t. C. Yes, I have.
【答案】A
【解析】考查反义疑问句。句意:——你还没有参观过故宫,是吗?——还没。我多希望有一天我能去参观啊!
根据“How I wish to visit it some day!”可知是没有去参观过,应进行否定回答。故选A。
◆考点4 This party is such a great idea.
such是形容词,意为“如此的,这样的”。其后接名词,有以下几种用法:
(1) such a / an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词。例如:
Is there such a book 有这样的书吗?
(2) such + 形容词 + 复数名词。例如:
There are such beautiful flowers. 有如此美丽的花。
(3) such + 形容词 + 不可数名词。例如:
I have never heard such terrible news. 我从未听说过这样可怕的消息。
【拓展】
so与such均有“如此的,这样的”之意,so是副词,通常修饰形容词或副词,而such是形容词,常修饰名词。“such a / an + adj. + 单数名词”可转换成“so + adj. + a /an + 单数名词”;另外,在表示“这么多(少)的……”时名词前有many; much; few或little时应用so而不用such。例如:
She has so many books. 她有如此多的书。
She is such a nice girl. = She is so nice a girl. 她是如此好的女孩。
◆精题巧练
1.【2023江苏无锡】11. Stop asking ________ questions. Everyone is laughing at you.
A. so wise B. such wise C. so silly D. such silly
【答案】D
【解析】考查so与such的区别以及形容词辨析。句意:别再问这些愚蠢的问题了。每个人都在嘲笑你。wise明智的;silly愚蠢的。so修饰形容词,such修饰名词,此空要修饰名词questions,应用such修饰。根据“Everyone is laughing at you”可知,此处指不要问愚蠢的问题,故选D。
◆考点5 What are the shirts made of
(1)be made of /from意为“由……制成”。前者成品可以看出原材料,后者是成品看不出原材料的。例如:
The chair is made of wood. 椅子是由木头制成的。(能看出原材料)
Paper is made from wood. 纸是由木头制成的。(看不出原材料)
(2)be made up of… 相当于consist of…(由……组成)。例如:
Our country is made up of 56 nations. 我们的国家是由56个民族组成的。
be made in 意为“在……(地点)制造”
My mother likes to buy things which are made in China. 我妈妈喜欢买中国产的东西。
(4)be made by意为“由某人制作”或“用什么方式制成”。例如:
This postcard was made by my sister. 这张卡片是我妹妹做的.
◆精题巧练
1.(2022·福建宁德·一模)—Ningde CATL (时代新能源) is well-known in the world.
—Yeah, many electric cars ________ here.
will make B.are made C.mad
【答案】B
【解析】主语electric cars与动词make之间是被动关系,故此处用被动语态be done的结构。故选:B。
◆考点6 It seems that many people all over the world drink Chinese tea.
(1)seem为连系动词,意为“好像,似乎”,后面可跟动词不定式或形容词作表语。例如:
He seems quite happy. 他好像非常高兴。
His temperature seems to be all right. 他的体温似乎完全正常。
(2)It seems/seemed that…句型中,it为形式主语,that 引导的从句是真正的主语,表示”看来,好像,似乎”例如
It seems that they don’t like the idea. 他们似乎不喜欢这个主意。
It seemed that she was lying. 看来她在撒谎。
◆考点7 Laura is trying to find out more about …
find out “(经研究或询问)了解到,找出”,后面常和有特殊疑问词(what/when/how/who等)引导的从句连用。例如:
Can you find out what time the plane leaves 你能查清楚飞机几点钟起飞吗?
【拓展】find, look for与 find out
(1)find 意为“找到”,强调的是找的结果,通常指偶然发现。例如:
Have you found the bike you lost last week 你找到上周丢的自行车了吗?
(2)look for意为“寻找”,强调的是找的动作或过程。例如:
Are you still looking for that place 你还在寻找那个地方吗?
(3)find out指经过观察、调查,把某事、某物查出来、搞清楚、弄明白。例如:
Can you find out what time the meeting starts 你能查清楚会议什么时候开始吗?
◆考点8 That sounds interesting.
sound在本句中做连系动词,后面接名词、形容词或从句构成系表结构,表示“听起来……”。例如:
That sounds boring. 那听起来很无聊。
Your idea sounds a good one. 你的想法听起来很好。
【拓展】
类似的其他常用连系动词:taste 尝起来;touch 摸起来;smell 闻起来;look 看起来; feel 感觉起来。例如:
This cake tastes delicious. 这个蛋糕尝起来很好吃。
This kind of cloth feels soft. 这种布料感觉很柔软。
◆考点9 No matter what you may buy, you might think those products were made in those countries.
(1)no matter作“无论”、“不管”解,用以引导表示让步的状语从句,常用在下列句型中:句型中的No matter what (who/when etc.)...分别表示“无论何事”、“无论何人”、“无论何时”等,这个从句可以置主句之前,也可以置主句之后。例如:
No matter what you do, you must be very careful. 不管做什么事,你都必须非常细心。
No matter who you are (=Whoever you are), I’ll never let you in. 无论你是谁,我绝不让你进去。
No matter which… 无论哪一个……
No matter which you choose (= Whichever you choose), you will be satisfied.
不论你选择哪一个,你都会满意的。
No matter where… 无论何处;不管在哪里……
No matter where I go (= Wherever I go), I will be thinking of you.
无论我到哪里,我都会想着你。
No matter when … 无论何时,不管什么时候……
I’ll discuss it with you no matter when you like (=whenever you like).
你什么时候高兴,我愿意同你讨论这件事。
No matter how… 不管……如何;无论……多么……
No matter how hard you try (=However hard you try), you will never be successful.
不管你如何努力,你都不会成功的。
◆考点10 When was it invented?
…was invented …句意为“某物被发明……”,是被动句式。例如:
The abacus was invented in the sixteenth century by the Chinese. 算盘在十六世纪由中国人发明的。
Who was the light bulb invented by?灯泡是由谁发明的?
◆考点11 But at that time, it wasn’t used widely.
sth. be used…是被动语态句式,表示“某物被使用……”。常用如下搭配:
(1)be used for 意思是“被用来做某事”,for是介词,它的后面用名词或者动名词作宾语。例如:
Knives are used for cutting things. 刀是用来割东西的。
(2)be used as意思是“被作为……使用”,as是介词,意思是“作为”。它强调被当作工具或者手段来使用。例如:
Our classroom is used as a reading-room. 我们的教室被用来当阅览室使用。
(3)be used by意思是“被……使用”,by后面跟人或者物,表示强调动作的使用者。
This radio is often used by my mother. 这台收音机经常被我的妈妈使用。
(4)be used to do something意思是“被用来做某事”,和be used for doing是同义词短语。
It is used for learning English.=It is used to learn English. 它是被用来学习英语的。
◆精题巧练
1.【2023四川达州市】7. The teachers used to ________ key points on the blackboard, but now they are getting used to ________ them through PPTs.
A. write, showing B. writing, show C. write, show
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:老师们过去常常把重点写在黑板上,但现在他们已经习惯了通过PPT来展示。
used to do sth.过去常常做某事,第一空应为动词原形write。get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事,第二空应为动名词showing。故选A。
◆考点12 It is said that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong was…
It is said that…是一个固定搭配的句型, it是形式主语, 真正的主语是后面的that从句。它的思是“据说……”。例如:
It is said that Mary is very happy in London. (主语从句)据说玛丽在伦敦是非常幸福的。
= They say that Mary is very happy in London.(宾语从句)据说玛丽在伦敦是非常幸福的。
【拓展】
类似的句型有: It is believed…(人们相信),It is reported that …(据报道),It is supposed that…(据猜测)例如:
It is believed that on December 21st,1981, the first basketball game in history was played.
人们相信历史上首次篮球比赛是在1891年12月21日举行的。
It is supposed that there is no life on the moon. 据推测月球上是没有生命的。
It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit. 据报道又有一颗卫星上天了。
◆考点13 In England, tea didn’t appear until around 1660, but…
until意为“直到……”,有下列用法:
(1)作介词,后接时间名词,在句中作时间状语。作连词,后接从句,引导时间状语从句。例如:
She stayed there until 9 o’clock. 她一直等到9点钟。
We waited until the rain stopped. 我们等到雨停了。
(2) until用在肯定句中,多与持续性的动词连用。如:stand/wait/stay等,表示主句动作的终止时间。
(3) until可用于否定句中,即not…until…意为“直到……才”,常与非延续性动词连用。如:open/start/leave/arrive等,强调主句动作开始的时间。例如:
The child didn’t go to bed until his father came back. 直到父亲回来,那个孩子才睡觉。
◆精题巧练
1.【2023江苏徐州】11. Let’s take the simple steps today ________ we will save the world for our grandsons and granddaughters tomorrow.
A. unless B. until C. so that D. though
【答案】C
【解析】考查连词辨析。句意:我们从今天开始采取一些措施吧,这样我们将会为我们的后代子孙拯救世界。unless除非;until直到;so that以便;though尽管。分析句子可知,我们现在采取行动的目的是为了我们的后代,故用so that引导目的状语从句。故选C。
◆考点14 Basketball has not only become a popular sport to play, but it has also become…
(1)not only...but also的意思是“不但……而且……”,连接两个并列成分,如果连接两个主语的时候,谓语动词和also后面的主语保持一致。
Not only my mother but also I like to go to the garden.不仅妈妈而且我也喜欢去花园。
(2)以not only…but also 开头的句子往往引起倒装。
Not only did he complain about the food, but he refused to pay for it.他不仅抱怨饭不好吃,而且拒绝付饭钱。
◆精题巧练
1.【2023黑龙江绥化市】14. — Could you tell me something about Yuan Longping
— Yes, he’s called the “Father of Hybrid Rice”. He helped to save ________ China ________ the world from hunger.
A. neither; nor B. either; or C. not only; but also
【答案】C
【解析】考查连词辨析。句意:——你能告诉我一些关于袁隆平的事情吗?——是的,他被称为“杂交水稻之父”。他不仅帮助拯救了中国,也帮助拯救了世界免于饥饿。neither...nor既不……也不;either...or或者……或者;not only...but also不但……而且。根据“helped to save...China...the world from hunger”可知是帮助中国和世界免于饥饿,用not only...but also连接。故选C。
◆考点15 Teenagers should be allowed to …
(1)be allowed to do sth.意为“被允许做某事”,是含有情态动词的被动语态。它的结构是:情态动词+be+动词的过去分词。例如:
The work can be finished in two days. 这件工作可以在两天后完成。
(2)它的否定形式是在情态动词的后面加not。
Smoking can’t be allowed in the classroom. 吸烟在教室里是不被允许的。
(3)一般疑问句是把情态动词提到句子开头。
Can your work be finished today 你的工作今天能完成吗?
(4)动词短语allow somebody to do something的意思是“允许某人做某事”。
My parents allow me to go swimming after school. 我的父母允许我放学后去游泳。
◆精题巧练
1.(2020黑龙江龙东地区)9.—Excuse me, sir No one is allowed ________.
—Sorry, I ________ know that.
swimming; didn’t B.to swim; didn’t C.to swim; don’t
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——抱歉打扰,先生,此处不允许游泳。——对不起,我之前不知道。
考查动词不定式和动词的时态。swimming动名词;to swim动词不定式;didn’t一般过去时态的否定;don’t一般现在时的否定。表示“某人被允许做某事”用sb. be allowed to do,此处用动词不定式 to swim。第二空动作know是过去的动作,用助动词did的否定didn’t。故选B。
◆考点16 Anna wants to get her ears pierced.
get their ears pierced 意为“穿耳洞”。
get / have sth. done意为“让/使(别人)做某事”。例如:
I get my car repaired. == I have my car repaired. 我让别人修好我的车。
【拓展】
(1)get后面只接宾语,意为“获到”、“得到”。例如:
We get light and heat from the sun.我们从太阳那里得到光和热。
(2)“get+宾语+宾语补语(形容词、不定式、过去分词、介词短语或副词)”,其中get作“使得、让”解。例如:
Get the tools ready.(形容词作宾语补语) 把工具准备好。
He got his clothes wet.(形容词作宾语补语) 他把衣服弄湿了。
They will get a student to bring on a topic.(不定式短语作宾语补语)他们将让一个学生提出题目。
(3)“get+形容词”表示“变得……”。例如:
The days are getting longer and longer.白天变得越来越长了。
◆考点17 But sometimes these can get in the way of their schoolwork…
get in the way of意为“阻碍,妨碍……”。例如:
Her social life got in the way of her studies. 她的社会生活妨碍了她的学习。
【拓展】
(1)in the way有“挡路”的意思,还有“用这种方法”的意思。例如:
Sorry, you are in the way. 对不起,你挡路了。
In this way,he has collected a great many stamps。用这种方法他收集了大量的邮票。
(2)on the way 意为“在去某地的路上”。例如:
On the way to the station,I bought some chocolate。 在去车站的路上我买了些巧克力。
(3)by the way意为“顺便说一声”。例如:
By the way,have you seen Harry recently? 顺便说一句,你最近见过哈里吗
(4)in a way意为“从某种意义上说”。例如:
In a way,it is an important book。 在某种意义上,这是一本重要的书。
◆考点18 I was safe and kept me from danger.
(1)keep用作及物动词,意为“保存;保留;保守”。例如:
Could you keep these letters for me, please 你能替我保存这些信吗?
I’ll keep a seat for you. 我给你留个座位。
Can you keep a secret 你能保守秘密吗?
(2)keep用作连系动词,后常接表语形容词,意为“保持处于某种状态”。例如:
You must look after yourself and keep healthy.你必须照顾好自己,保持身体健康。
She knew she must keep calm. 她知道她必须保持镇静。
(3)keep的常用句型:
keep doing sth. 意为“继续干某事“,表示不间断地持续干某事,后须接延续性的动词。例如:
He kept working all day, because he wanted to finish the work on time.
他整天都在不停地工作,因为他想准时完成工作。
keep on doing sth. 意为“持续做某事”。例如:
The pupil kept on asking me the same question.这个学生不断地问我同一个问题。
keep...from doing sth.意为“阻止/防止……做某事”。例如:
The heavy snow kept us from going out.大雪使我们不能出去
◆精题巧练
1.(2020上海)38.The engineers will keep________the project with the manager of the company.
discuss B.discussed C.discussing D.to discuss
【答案】C
【解析】句意:工程师们将继续与公司经理讨论这个项目。
考查非谓语动词。discuss原形;discussed一般过去式、过去分词;discussing动名词、现在分词;to discuss不定式;keep doing sth 继续做某事,可知此处填动名词;故选C。
◆考点19 Liu Yu, a fifteen-year-old boy from Shandong, is a running star.
fifteen-year-old既可以作形容词,也可以作名词,意为“15岁的(孩子)”。
My pen pal is a sixteen -year-old boy. 我的笔友是16岁的男孩。
Sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to choose their own clothes.
应该允许16岁的孩子选择自己的服装。
【拓展】
英语合成形容词主要有如下几类:
(1)数词+名词 a five-minute walk 一段步行五分钟的路程
(2)数词+名词+形容词 a six-year-old girl 一个六岁的女孩
(3)形容词+名词 a full-time school 一所全日制学校
(4)名词+现在分词/过去分词 an English-speaking country 一个说英语的国家
语法点
◆ 被动语态☆☆☆☆☆
概念
语态:表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系。
主动语态:表示主语是动作的发出者、执行者。
被动语态:表示主语是动作的承受着。基本用法
结构
be+vpp.过去分词
被动语态的句型
句型 构成 例句
肯定句 主语 + be + 过去分词( + by... ) English is spoken everywhere. 到处有人说英语。
否定句 主语 + be + not + 过去分词( + by…) English isn’ t spoken by people here. 这里的人不说英语。
一般疑问句 Be + 主语 + 过去分词(+ by...) Was Tom asked to come early 汤姆被要求早点来吗 Yes, he was. 是的,他被要求了。/No, he wasn’ t. 不,他没有。
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + be + 主语 + 过去分词(+by...) Why was this bridge destroyed by the government 政府为什么要拆毁这座桥
各种时态结构
时态 结构 例句
一般现在时 am/is/are + 过去分词 History is made by the people. 历史是人们创造的。 These books are designed for children. 这些书是为孩子们设计的。
一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词 The letter was written in English. 这封信是用英语写的。 The cars were made in Shanghai. 这些车是上海生产的。
一般将来时 will be + 过去分词 Your job will be kept open for your return. 你的工作将保留到你回来。 When will the work be finished 这项工作什么时候完成?
现在进行时 am/is/am + being + 过去分词 A new railway is being built. 一条新铁路正在修建。 Because my car is being repaired, I have to go to work by taxi. 因为我的车正在修理,所以我不得不坐出租车去上班。
过去进行时 was/were + being + 过去分词 The hall was being built last year. I’ m not sure if it is completed. 这个个大厅去年正在修建,我不清楚建好了没有。 The road was being widened when I passed by the village. 当我经过那个村庄时,道路正在加宽。
现在完成时 have/has been + 过去分词 He has been sent to work in Shanghai. 他已经被派往上海工作了。 Has the sports meeting been put off until next Friday 运动会已经推迟到下周五了吗?
过去完成时 had been + 过去分词 The room had been broken into before we came. 我们来之前已经有人强行进过这间屋子。 A new hotel had been built when I got there. 我到那儿时,一座新旅馆已经建好了。
情态动词 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 Her temperature should be taken twice a day. 她的体温应该一天量两次。 If heated, water can be turned into vapour. 如果受热,水会变成蒸气。
被动语态的用法
用法 例句
不知道或者不必说出动作的执行者 How is this word pronounced 这个单词怎么发音? The book was published in 2005. 这本书是2005年出版的。
强调动作的承受者 School will be opened in our village. 我们村将开办一所新的希望学校。
当动作的执行者是泛指时 He is suspected of robbing the bank. 有人怀疑他抢劫银行。
表示委婉或礼貌,避免提及动作的执行者 I have been told many times not to make noises. 有人多次告诉我不要吵闹。
句法修饰的需要 The lecture will be made by Joe, who is a young musician from Italy. 乔要做这个报告,他是意大利的一位年轻的音乐家。
有些动词习惯上常用被动语态 He was born in this city. 他出生在这个城市。 It is reported that he is a professor from New Zealand. 据报道,他是来自新西兰的一位教授。
主动变被动
说明 例句
含有单个宾语的主动句,即"主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语":把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语,并依据上表(被动语态的各种时态形式)谓语改为被动形式;如果需要说明动作的发出者,则需加上"by + 主动句的主语(人称代词宾格)"。 The famous professor gave two lectures in English. →Two lectures were given (by the famous professor) in English. 那位著名的教授用英语作了两次报告。 They often ask some questions after class. →Some questions are often asked (by them) after class. 他们经常在课后问一些问题。
含有双宾语的主动句,即"主语 + 间接宾语+ 直接宾语":当直接宾语是名词或代词时,可将间接宾语和直接宾语中的任意一个变为被动的主语,而另一个保持不动。但是,当直接宾语变为主语时,间接宾语前应加上介词to或or。 The doctor gave me some good advice on the pronunciation. →I was given some good advice on the pronunciation. →Some good advice was given to me on the pronunciation. 老师给我提了一些关于发音方面的好建议。
含有复合宾语的主动句,即"主语 + 宾语 +宾语补足语":把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语,宾补保持不动(成为主语补足语,简称主补)。 We call him Li Hua.→He is called Li Hua. 我们叫他李华。 They painted the room white.→The room was painted white. 他们把房间刷成了白色。
【易错警示】 感官动词和使役动词后接动词原形作宾补,变为被动语态时,需要在动词原形前加上省略的不定式符号to,即"be seen/heard/found/observed/noticed/made to do sth"。 They saw her enter the meeting room just now. →She was seen to enter the meeting room just now. 刚才他们看见她进入了会议室。
含有动词短语(作谓语)的主动句:谓语为及物动词短语的主动句方可变为被动语态。 They take good care of these children. →These children are taken good care of. 他们把这些孩子照顾得非常好。 We should make full use of the good chance. →The good chance should be made full use of. 我们应该充分利用这次好机会。
【易错警示】 动词短语用于被动语态时,把它们看作一个整体变成被动结构,其后的介词和副词不可丢掉。
主动表被动
情况 例句
说明主语的性质、特征的动词,用主动形式表达被动意义,如:lock,open,read,sell,teach,wash,write等。 The cloth washes well. 这种布料很容易洗. A freshly baked cake doesn’tt cut easily. 刚烤好的蛋糕不容易切。
表示感官的连系动词,用主动形式表达被动意义,如:smell,feel,taste,sound等。 This piece of music sounds good. 这段音乐听起来不错。 Mooncakes taste delicious. 月饼尝起来很美味。
某些动词后用动名词的主动形式表达被动意义,如:need,want,require,worth等。 The bike needs repairing. 这辆自行车需要修理。 Your hair wants cutting. 你的头发该理了。
【知识拓展】 常见的被动形式表示主动意义的词组: be seated 坐着,就座 be hidden 躲藏 be lost 迷路 be drunk 喝醉 be dressed 穿着
◆精题巧练
1.【2023江苏扬州】12. Sand turns to glass when it ________ by lightning.
A. hits B. is hit C. is hitting D. will be hit
【答案】B
【解析】考查语态。句意:沙子被闪电击中会变成玻璃。句子主语it指代的是“Sand”,与动词hit之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,陈述事实用一般现在时,故选B。
2.【2023四川成都】10. A great number of beautiful flowers ________ on the second ring road in Chengdu these days.
A. plant B. are planted C. are planting
【答案】B
【解析】考查被动语态。句意:这些天,成都的二环路上种了许多美丽的花。主语和动词plant之间是被动关系,此处应用被动语态:be done。故选B。
3.【2023四川成都】10. A great number of beautiful flowers ________ on the second ring road in Chengdu these days.
A. plant B. are planted C. are planting
【答案】B
【解析】考查被动语态。句意:这些天,成都的二环路上种了许多美丽的花。主语和动词plant之间是被动关系,此处应用被动语态:be done。故选B。
4.【2023四川凉山州】8. —We’re so proud that China is getting stronger and stronger.
—Yes. As you can see, Chinese ________ by more and more foreigners.
A. learns B. is learned C. was learned
【答案】B
【解析】考查被动语态。句意:——我们为中国越来越强大感到骄傲。——是的。正如你所看到的,越来越多的外国人学习汉语。主语Chinese和动词learn之间是被动关系,结合语境可知现在汉语被越来越多外国人学习,应用一般现在时的被动语态,故选B。
5.【2023湖南岳阳】8. The panda Ya Ya ________ back to China on April 27th, 2023.
A. is brought B. was brought C. will be brought
【答案】B
【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意:大熊猫丫丫于2023年4月27日被带回中国。本句主语是动作的承受者,结合时间状语“on April 27th, 2023”可知,用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。
6.【2023湖南怀化】27. Look! Our Chinese teacher ______ a talk in the meeting room.
A. gave B. is giving C. gives
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意:看!我们的语文老师正在会议室做报告。根据“Look!”可知,该句为现在进行时,其结构为“am/is/are+动词现在分词”,主语为“Our Chinese teacher”,be动词用is,故选B。
7.【2023湖南省郴州】8. Many trees and flowers ________ every year to make our environment more beautiful.
A. plant B. are planted C. were planted
【答案】B
【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意:每年种植许多树木和鲜花,使我们的环境更加美丽。本句主语是动作的承受者,结合时间状语“every year”可知,用一般现在时的被动语态。故选B。
8.【2023江西省】5. —What’s that noise, Tom
—Oh, some children ________ in the yard.
A. play B. are playing C. played D. will play
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:——Tom,那是什么声音?——哦,一些孩子们在院子里玩。根据“What’s that noise”可知,询问正在发出的声音是什么,所以答语用现在进行时的结构,故选B。
9.【2023江西省】8. Hou Yi ________ magic medicine for shooting down the nine suns, then Pang Meng tried to steal it.
A. gives B. has given C. gave D. was given
【答案】D
【解析】考查被动语态。句意:后羿因射下了九个太阳而得到了神药,然后逄蒙想偷走它。分析句子可知,主语Hou Yi与谓语动词give是被动关系,又根据“then Pang Meng tried to steal it”可知,此处应用一般过去时的被动语态,其结构为“was/were+动词过去分词”,主语为第三人称单数,be动词用was,故选D。
10.【2023山东滨州】11. —Sorry, I can’t hear you clearly. I ________ a football match.
—OK. I’ll ring you up later.
A. watch B. watched C. am watching D. was watching
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意:——对不起,我听不清你说什么。我正在看一场足球赛。——好的。我稍后给你打电话。根据“I can’t hear you clearly”可知因为正在看球赛,所以没有听清对方所说的话,故此处用现在进行时am/is/are doing。故选C。
11.【2023山东滨州】13. —Can he get the first prize in the race
—He ________ so, but he has just hurt his leg. It’s impossible now.
A. will expect to do B. is expected doing
C. has expected doing D. was expected to do
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意:——他能在比赛中获得第一名吗?——大家都希望他这样,但他只是把腿弄伤了。现在不可能了。主语He和expect之间是动宾关系,所以用被动语态,结合“but he has just hurt his leg. It’s impossible now.”可知,期望的动作发生在过去,所以用一般过去时的被动语态,be expected to do sth“被期望做某事”,固定短语,故选D。
12.【2023安徽省】9. — Jim, I’ve got a problem with my car. Could you help me
— Sorry, not right now. I ________ a short video.
A. make B. have made C. am making D. was making
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:——Jim,我的车出问题了。你能帮我吗?——对不起,现在不行。我正在做一个短视频。根据“Sorry, not right now. I … a short video”可知,现在正在制作短视频,用现在进行时表示正在进行的动作,故选C。
13.【2023甘肃武威、白银市】16. If you heat ice, it ________ into water.
A. turns B. turned C. was turning D. has turned
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:如果你加热冰,它就会变成水。if引导的条件状语从句,遵循“主将从现”原则,但是主句是客观事实,还是用一般现在时。故选A。