中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
03 完形填空解题指导【2024年新高考英语三轮冲刺题型突破】
话题与体裁
卷 别 话 题 体 裁
2023新高考I卷 参加越野赛 记叙文
2022新高考I卷 露营趣事 记叙文
2021新高考I卷 假期打工 记叙文
涉及的词类
卷 别 动词(短语) 名词 形容词 副词 介词(短语)
2023新高考I卷 4+1 8 2 0 0
2022新高考I卷 4+1 5 3 1 1
2021新高考I卷 8+1 4 2 0 0
合计 16+3=19题 17题 7题 1题 1题
从所给文本的体裁上看：三年新高考I卷为清一色的记叙文，这就说明记叙文是最为高考命题人青
睐的高考完形填空的体裁；从所给文本的题材上看：涉及到人与自然和人与社会两大话题；从备选项所涉及的词类看：动词(短语)和名词为主，形容词为辅，偶尔考查副词和介词(短语)。
研读三年新高考I卷完形填空原题，我们不难发现：首句不设空，文章长度220词左右，设空15个，
设空平均间距为13个词左右。从命题手段上看有以下两个“突出”：一是突出词汇运用的语境化。以考
查语篇内容理解为主，设题注重上下或整个篇章的理解；突出词汇在文章具体语境中的理解和运用；选
项设置以实词，如名词、动词(短语)形容词和副等为主，偶尔有介词或介词短语出现。四个选项一般都属
于同一词类，而且往往都和设空后的单词形成某种搭配，这样便形成了很强的迷惑性和干扰性，增加了
试题的难度；二是突出“藕虽断，丝还连”。一篇220词左右的短文，挖出15个空格后，结果使得短文
文意的残缺，即“藕断”。但完形填空设空的精妙之处就在于“藕虽断，丝还连”。这些千丝万缕的“丝”
能保证文意的疏通连贯(即留有供考生解题的“蛛丝马迹”)。高考命题正是利用这一点来进行科学布“空”
的。布“空”的手段主要是分层次布“空”：句内层次题(空格的答案由空格所在句子提供依据)、句组层
次题(空格的答案由与空格所在句相邻的一组句子提供依据)和语篇层次题(空格的答案由整篇文章的主旨
或内涵提供依据)。
一、利用词汇复现解题
词汇复现指的是某一个词以原词、派生词、同义词、近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同场词或其他意义相近或相反等形式重复出现在语篇中。
1.原词复现：一个单词在一个语义场中以同样的词形反复出现，有时只是词性变化而已。
【真题例证】(2023新高考Ⅰ卷)On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota ...
As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her ___44___ when a runner in front of her began crying in pain.
44. A. race B. school C. town D. training
【真题例证】(2022全国乙卷)We brought young children aged 2—4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each ___47___ sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or ears.
47. A. parent B. child C. researcher D. doctor
【真题例证】(2021新高考Ⅰ卷)I’d ___45___ minimum wage...This was the sort of work that made you appreciate the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me.
45.A. offer B. earn C. set D. suggest
2.派生词复现：借助前缀或后缀，构造出派生词。前缀以否定前缀使延伸出来的派生词与原词词义相反；通过后缀派生出来的词汇不仅词义有些改变，词性也与原词完全不同。
【真题例证】(2023新高考Ⅰ卷)On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. ... Her delay came because she was carrying a ___43___ across the finish line.
43. A. judge B. volunteer C. classmate D. competitor
3.同/近义词复现：同义词、近义词复现是借助意思相同或相近的表达方式，或解释性的语言使上下文的语义得以连接起来。
【真题例证】(2021天津3月卷)He offered to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it. He also asked for unwanted bikes, which he would repair again ___25___.
25.A. by accident B. in advance C. for free D. on credit
【真题例证】(2020浙江6月卷)Lamb and mother reunited, I turned back to the tractor only to see it move suddenly away from me. This was so unexpected because I had put the handbrake on when I jumped out. Obviously, Don had somehow made the ___42___ move.
42.A. lamb B. vehicle C. seat D. fence
【真题例证】(2020天津卷)He has recently made a significant discovery—loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to depression and even crimes, but it can be prevented in a clever way. The ___18___ Chat benches.
18.A. solution B. puzzle C. excuse D. intention
4.反义词复现：意思相反的词在同一语篇中重复出现。
【真题例证】(2023新高考Ⅱ卷)When I met Tiffy’s owners, they seemed very ___47___. George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was hard for him.
47.A. confused B. nervous C. annoyed D. curious
【真题例证】(2022新高考Ⅱ卷)It might sound like one long, expensive vacation, but the couple has an unusual way to make their travel ___43___.
43. A. safe B. busy C. helpful D. affordable
【真题例证】(2022·全国乙卷)They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies ___43___.
43. A. exposed B. examined C. untouched D. imbalanced
5.上下义词复现：这里的上下义词在语言学中指的是词的类概念。
【真题例证】(2022浙江1月卷)Seeing a ray of hope, Ms Burdeyney began raising ___46___ for the project with a friend, Toronto businessman Meyer Zeifman. So far, she has raised $110,000 with another $40,000 expected.
46.A. money B. standards C. awareness D. questions
【真题例证】(2021浙江6月高考卷)Last week she walked up to the store, but when she went to pay for her groceries, she was short about three dollars. The only way to pay for the groceries was to take off the
___46___ she could do without: a bottle of rubbing alcohol(医用酒精) and a bar of soap.
46.A. weight B. things C. mask D. glasses
6.同场词汇复现：意义上相关的词汇出现在同一语篇中，构成以某一话题为中心的词汇链，因其共同出现的在同一个场合，叫“同场”词汇。“同场”词汇之间在意义上存在横向联系，它们之间存在反义关系或相对关系，或者同类互补关系等，如：different与same; cruel与friendly; death与destruction(毁灭); ill, pale, patient, nurse, doctor和operation等。
【真题例证】(2022新高考Ⅰ卷)Once, we ___42___ along Chalk Creek...He was uncomfortable, and his crying let the whole campground know it.
42.A. camped B. drove C. walked D. cycled
【真题例证】(2022全国乙卷)We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. ...
A number of ___53___ ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked.
53. A. instructions B. descriptions C. experiments D. assumptions
【真题例证】(2021浙江6月高考卷)My mother is 92. Unless I have to be out of town, each week I take my mother to do her ___41___ and visit the doctor, providing company and transportation. During the week, however, she likes to go to a nearby store to buy some small things she needs.
41.A. exercise B. housework C. cooking D. shopping
二、利用语境暗示解题
语境暗示就是指文章的上下文所提供的蛛丝马迹。
1.上文暗示
【真题例证】(2023新高考Ⅰ卷)On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have ___41___ the course earlier than she did. Her ___42___ came because she was carrying a competitor across the finish line.
41. A. designed B. followed C. changed D. finished
42. A. delay B. chance C. trouble D. excuse
【真题例证】(2022新高考Ⅰ卷)We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor. As we all sat there ___52___ a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rope and towed(拖)us back. We were ___53___.
52. A. patiently B. tirelessly C. doubtfully D. helplessly
53. A. sorry B. brave C. safe D. right
【真题例证】(2022全国乙卷)Each child sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or ears. We then
asked the child if she could ___49___ or hear the adult.
49.A. see B. help C. reach D. fool
【真题例证】(2021全国甲卷) The seagulls immediately went wild. They rushed to the window, 30 or 40 birds all trying to ___53___ at the same time, and pepperoni—everywhere. The curtains were falling down, the lamps were falling down. It was a real ___54___.
53. A. wake up B. get out C. take off D. break in
54. A. mess B. puzzle C. fight D. challenge
2.下文暗示
【真题例证】(2023新高考Ⅰ卷)Bailey then ___47___ to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get medical attention.
A. went away B. stood up C. stepped aside D. bent down
【真题例证】(2022全国甲卷)And then in late November, Tilly had an operation on her ___52___. I took the dogs out four times a day, and I worried that Tilly constantly climbing the stairs could reopen the wound.
52.A. eye B. tail C. ear D. leg
【真题例证】(2021新高考Ⅰ卷)It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for ___43___ help during our spring break, for which I had no plans beyond listening to my favourite records.
43.A. generous B. financial C. technical D. temporary
【真题例证】(2020新课标Ⅲ卷)I remember the first really ___48___ customer we had at Covent Garden. She was displeased with absolutely everything, nothing was right and ...
48. A. generous B. polite C. careless D. difficult
三、利用背景常识解题
高考完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着生活常识和文化背景等知识。考生在做题时，若能将相关信息和我们原有的生活经验和文化背景等结合，巧妙地加以运用，将会大大简化分析与判断过程，从而轻松地做出正确判断。
【真题例证】(2023新高考Ⅱ卷)After some goodbyes, I asked George and his wife to help me ___51___ Tiffy into the plane. I promised to take care of Tiffy and ___52___ them as soon as we got to Kansas City.
51. A. feed B. follow C. change D. load
2. A. call B. join C. leave D. serve
【真题例证】(2022新高考Ⅰ卷)The sky was clear when we headed off, but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly ___48___ our peaceful morning trip.
48.A. arranged B. interrupted C. completed D. recorded
【真题例证】(2021全国甲卷)Burchill was ___41___ at the hotel on business and planning to visit some friends in the area. They had asked him to bring some pepperoni(辣香肠) from back east.
41.A. studying B. staying C. looking D. packing
【真题例证】(2021全国乙卷)She was grateful for everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her. On her day of discharge(出院), we shared in her ___50___ at her recovery.
50.A. surprise B. delight C. curiosity D. disappointment
【真题例证】(2019江苏卷)Wildlife has been greatly threatened in the modern age. There are species(物种)that are ___36___ every day. The white naped crane is a typical example. So scientists are trying their best to ___37___ the species from going out of existence.
36. A.growing B. migrating C. competing D. disappearing
37. A.ban B. save C. split D. remove
【真题例证】(2019·全国I卷)Above 4,000 meters is the highland ___57___: gravel(砾石), stones and rocks.
57.A.village B. desert C. road D. lake
四、利用习惯搭配或固定结构解题
完形填空中，偶尔也会考查一些习惯搭配或固定结构，利用这些搭配和结构可以快速解题，但要规避思维定势的负面影响，这就需要考生在实际解题中灵活运用。
1.固定搭配
【真题例证】(2021英语全国甲卷)That’s when things went 29 “I remember walking down the long hall and opening the door to my room to find an entire flock of seagulls,”
29. A. far B. funny C. wrong D. blind
【真题例证】(2021英语全国乙卷)As she was leaving she was eager to say 52 to each of us in the nursing team.
52. A. sorry B. hello C. goodbye D. yes
【真题例证】(2021浙江1月卷)But on the last night we were ___50___ in a thunderstorm. I woke
up at midnight to find a swimming pool in my tent.
50.A. left B. caught C. attacked D. separated
【真题例证】(节选自2020·新课标Ⅱ卷)His son, age 15, who had ___49___ an art appreciation class, thought that there was something unusual about the one with a young girl sitting on a garden chair.
49. A. missed B. failed C. taken D. led
友情提醒：警惕假性搭配。在解完形填空题时，考生有时会受到母语知识面、思维习惯等一些思维定势的影响而失分。由于对一些固定搭配、习惯用法形成了根深蒂固的定势，很难规避，所以考生一看到貌似固定搭配或是习惯用法的选项就贸然下手，从而导致误选。
【真题例证】(2021天津1月卷)For Pruitt, a keen bicyclist, the first thing to do was ___19___ his stolen bike. But when he went bike shopping, he found few available, which got him to think: What if the lack of bikes was COVID-19 related, and what if the person who’ d taken his bike really needed transportation to get to work
19. A. ride B. lock C. repair D. replace
2.固定结构
【真题例证】(2023新高考Ⅰ卷)...when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She ___45___ to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue.
45.A. agreed B. returned C. stopped D. promised
【真题例证】(2023全国乙卷)Not so long ago, Martha Karolyi, the coordinator(联络人)of the women’s national team, did not think Douglas had what it ___58___ to be an Olympian.
58.A. viewed B. appeared C. mattered D. took
五、破解词义障碍解题
考生在最后阶段复习中，要特别注意“熟词僻义、一词多义、少见为怪(复现率比较低的词)以及(从课标词汇衍生而来的)派生词、合成词”等词汇的积累，考时才能轻松破解词义理解上的障碍，规避丢分。
【真题例证】(2022北京卷)One Monday morning, while the children were enjoying “free play”, I stepped to the doorway of the classroom to take a break. Suddenly, I ___1___ a movement of the heavy wooden door. This was the very door I ___2___ guided the children through to ensure their safety from the bitter cold. I felt a chill (寒意) go through my body.
1. A. caused B. spotted C. checked D. imagined
2. A. hesitantly B. randomly C. dizzily D. carefully
【真题例证】(2021全国甲卷)“I have ___35___(matured)and I admit responsibility of my ___36___(actions),” he said in the letter. “I come to you, ___37___, to apologize for the-damage I had ___38___ caused and to ask you to ___39___ my lifetime ban from the hotel.”
37. A. hands in pocket B. nose in the air C. hat in hand D. feet on the ground
38. A. indirectly B. deliberately C. cautiously D. secretly
【真题例证】(2022浙江1月卷)Ms. Burdeyney talked to some friends who had ___39___(similar)problems and discovered that they were largely suffering in ___40___(silence). “Nobody chooses to talk about it because it seems so ___41___,” she said. “But more and more are suffering and lives are being ___42___.”
Eventually, Ms. Burdeyney learned about plans for an eye research, ___43___(program)at Tel Aviv University in Israel. The research team ___44___(included)Canadian doctor Allan Slomovic, who has done ___45___ work on eye care using stem cells.
41. A. unbearable B. abnormal C. insignificant D. disturbing
42. A. compromised B. forgotten C. substituted D. separated
45. A. part-time B. controversial C. voluntary D. ground-breaking
六、利用情节线解题
情节线也叫故事线，是故事发展的脉络，主要围绕故事的时间、地点、人物、事件的起因、发展、高潮和结局展开。纵观历年真题，完形填空对名词和动词的考查居多，因为名词和动词体现了故事发展的过程和细节。记叙文常用第一人称或第三人称叙述生活中一些人物和事。夹叙夹议文则在此基础上表达作者对生活的看法或揭示生活的真理，达到弘扬真善美和体现正能量的目的。
【真题例证】(2023全国甲卷)Many years ago, I bought a house in the Garfagnana, where we still go every summer. The first time we ___41___ there, we heard the chug-chug-chug of a motorbike ___42___ its way down the hill toward us. It was a ___43___ called Mario, coming to ___44___ us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine...
What Mario had given us was the taste of the Garfagnana.
41. A. waited B. met C. camped D. stayed
42. A. making B. searching C. squeezing D. feeling
43. A. customer B. neighbour C. relative D. passenger
44. A. lend B. send C. bring D. show
七、利用逻辑线解题
逻辑线既可以指故事发展的先后顺序、行为的原因结果，也可以指篇章的衔接连贯、上下文的起承转合。很多情况下，对于逻辑的考查是通过让学生结合语境进行合理的分析推断来展开的。根据是否直接考查逻辑连接词，我们把逻辑线分为：显性逻辑线和隐性逻辑线。
1.显性逻辑线
完形填空最大的特点之一就是逻辑性强，其逻辑连接词在文中起着辅助篇章衔接与连贯的重要作用，可以表达文中各种逻辑关系。现将完形填空中表示十大逻辑关系的常见词列举如下(根据大数据统计，加粗的表示上下文逻辑关系的词常常出现在完形填空<但并不一定出现在备选项>中)。
十大关系 例 词
条件关系 if, unless, once(一旦), otherwise, as/so long as, supposing, on condition that, provided that, depending on ...
因果关系 表原因 after all, because, since, due to, as, in that, now that, considering that, as a result of ...
表结果 so, so that, thus, consequently, therefore, as a result ...
时间关系 before, since, as, until, when, whenever, as soon as, in that moment ...
顺序/承关系 finally, first, firstly, initially, eventually, in the first place, last, next, to begin with, to start with ...
让步关系 despite, in spite of, regardless of, though, although, while, even if, even though, wherever, whatever, whenever, whoever, whichever ...
转折关系 however, but, on the contrary, in contrast, yet, unfortunately, somehow ...
对比关系 while, whereas, not...but..., instead, instead of, compared with ...
并列关系 similarly, and, or, neither...nor..., either...or..., not only...but also..., meanwhile ...
递进关系 moreover, furthermore, above all, even, besides, what's more, what's worse ...
解释关系 for example/instance, namely ...
【真题例证】(2023浙江1月卷)Suddenly, Ziyad let out a sharp cry. Within seconds, he’d ___51___ the trunk and was back on the ground.
51. A. cut off B. gone up C. slid down D. held onto
【真题例证】(2023新高考Ⅱ卷)In April last year, I saw a post on the PNP (Pilots N Paws) website from a family in Topeka. They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight ___41___.
41.A.turn B.budget C.schedule D.connection
【解析】根据空后“They could not afford to pay for…for their dog, Tiffy…”可知,他们负担不起运送他们的
狗Tiffy的费用。由此可推知，他们的经济预算很紧张，故选B项。他们不得不搬到弗吉尼亚，
【真题例证】(2021全国乙卷)One afternoon, while attempting to get into bed she collapsed(倒下) from what was ___45___ discovered to be a heart attack.
45.A. eventually B. fortunately C. casually D. secretly
【真题例证】(2023全国甲卷)But when we looked at the tomatoes, we were ___46___ because they were so misshapen: not at all like the nice, round, shiny things you get in a supermarket. And the wine was cloudy, in a funny old bottle with no label(标签) on it.
46.A. worried B. moved C. thrilled D. bored
【真题例证】(2023全国甲卷)And the wine was cloudy, in a funny old bottle with no label(标签) on it. These
can’t be any good, we thought. But we were ___49___ his kindness, so we ___50___ them.
49.A. sympathetic to B. thankful for C. cautious about D. interested in
50.A. tried B. sold C. returned D. mixed
2.隐性逻辑线
除了考查上表中的十大逻辑关系词外，近年来完形填空的逻辑关系出现了新的考查趋势：不直接考查这些逻辑关系词，而是将逻辑关系隐藏在句内的衔接(句内逻辑关系)、句间的衔接(句间逻辑关系)以及段间的衔接(段间逻辑关系)。
(1)句内逻辑线
句内逻辑线是指选项所在句子中的内部逻辑关系。
【真题例证】(2023新高考Ⅱ卷)The flight was ___41___, and Tiffy was a great passenger. The next day, she flew with Karen and made it back to George in Virginia within a few days.
41.A. unnecessary B. unexpected C. unavoidable D. uneventful
【真题例证】(2022新高考Ⅰ卷)Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake. The sky was clear when we
___47___, but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly ___48___ our peaceful morning trip.
47. A. signed up B. calmed down C. checked out D. headed off
48. A. arranged B. interrupted C. completed D. recorded
(2)句间逻辑线
句间逻辑线指根据句子与句子之间的逻辑关系，选出正确选项。
【真题例证】(2020新高考Ⅰ卷)A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the damage it caused had driven away a number of birds. ___45___, the number of snakes had declined as well.
45.A. Besides B. However C. Therefore D. Otherwise
【真题例证】(2022新高考Ⅰ卷)We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor. As we all sat there ___52___, a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rope and towed(拖)us back. We were ___53___.
52. A. patiently B. tirelessly C. doubtfully D. helplessly
53. A. sorry B. brave C. safe D. right
(3)段间逻辑线
这种逻辑线主要体现在段落与段落之间的衔接上。
【真题例证】(2022新高考Ⅰ卷)My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.
Some of our ___41___ are funny, especially from the early years when our children were little...
Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake ...
41.A. ideas B. jokes C. memories D. discoveries
【真题例证】(2020新高考Ⅱ卷)There, among many other things, Nicolo spotted two paintings he thought would look(___45___nice)above his dining room table. Nicolo and another bidder(___46___battled)until Nicolo finally won the paintings for $32.
...
“That’s the garden in our picture,” Nicolo’s son told his father. They(___55___ eventually)learned that the
painting they ___56___ was called “The Girl with Two Chairs.” They(___57___studied)the other painting and learned that it was(___58___ actually)Paul Gauguin’s “Still Life of Fruit on a Table with a Small Dog.”
56. A. owned B. borrowed C. sold D. stole
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03 完形填空解题指导【2024年新高考英语三轮冲刺题型突破】
话题与体裁
卷 别 话 题 体 裁
2023新高考I卷 参加越野赛 记叙文
2022新高考I卷 露营趣事 记叙文
2021新高考I卷 假期打工 记叙文
涉及的词类
卷 别 动词(短语) 名词 形容词 副词 介词(短语)
2023新高考I卷 4+1 8 2 0 0
2022新高考I卷 4+1 5 3 1 1
2021新高考I卷 8+1 4 2 0 0
合计 16+3=19题 17题 7题 1题 1题
从所给文本的体裁上看：三年新高考I卷为清一色的记叙文，这就说明记叙文是最为高考命题人青
睐的高考完形填空的体裁；从所给文本的题材上看：涉及到人与自然和人与社会两大话题；从备选项所涉及的词类看：动词(短语)和名词为主，形容词为辅，偶尔考查副词和介词(短语)。
研读三年新高考I卷完形填空原题，我们不难发现：首句不设空，文章长度220词左右，设空15个，
设空平均间距为13个词左右。从命题手段上看有以下两个“突出”：一是突出词汇运用的语境化。以考
查语篇内容理解为主，设题注重上下或整个篇章的理解；突出词汇在文章具体语境中的理解和运用；选
项设置以实词，如名词、动词(短语)形容词和副等为主，偶尔有介词或介词短语出现。四个选项一般都属
于同一词类，而且往往都和设空后的单词形成某种搭配，这样便形成了很强的迷惑性和干扰性，增加了
试题的难度；二是突出“藕虽断，丝还连”。一篇220词左右的短文，挖出15个空格后，结果使得短文
文意的残缺，即“藕断”。但完形填空设空的精妙之处就在于“藕虽断，丝还连”。这些千丝万缕的“丝”
能保证文意的疏通连贯(即留有供考生解题的“蛛丝马迹”)。高考命题正是利用这一点来进行科学布“空”
的。布“空”的手段主要是分层次布“空”：句内层次题(空格的答案由空格所在句子提供依据)、句组层
次题(空格的答案由与空格所在句相邻的一组句子提供依据)和语篇层次题(空格的答案由整篇文章的主旨
或内涵提供依据)。
一、利用词汇复现解题
词汇复现指的是某一个词以原词、派生词、同义词、近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同场词或其他意义相近或相反等形式重复出现在语篇中。
1.原词复现：一个单词在一个语义场中以同样的词形反复出现，有时只是词性变化而已。
【真题例证】(2023新高考Ⅰ卷)On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota ...
As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her ___44___ when a runner in front of her began crying in pain.
44. A. race B. school C. town D. training
【解析】根据上文中hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota可知，Bailey已经跑了比赛全程的三分之二以上。此空是上文中race的原词复现，故选A。
【真题例证】(2022全国乙卷)We brought young children aged 2—4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each ___47___ sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or ears.
47. A. parent B. child C. researcher D. doctor
【解析】根据“We brought young children aged 2—4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”可知，此空所填词是上一句中children的原词复现，故选B。
【真题例证】(2021新高考Ⅰ卷)I’d ___45___ minimum wage...This was the sort of work that made you appreciate the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me.
45.A. offer B. earn C. set D. suggest
【解析】根据“This was the sort of work that made you appreciate the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me.”可知，后句中的earn就是45空所填词的原词复现，故选B。
2.派生词复现：借助前缀或后缀，构造出派生词。前缀以否定前缀使延伸出来的派生词与原词词义相反；通过后缀派生出来的词汇不仅词义有些改变，词性也与原词完全不同。
【真题例证】(2023新高考Ⅰ卷)On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. ... Her delay came because she was carrying a ___43___ across the finish line.
43. A. judge B. volunteer C. classmate D. competitor
【解析】根据第一段的“hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race”可知，她是背着一名参赛者冲过终点线。competitor是上文中的compete的派生词，故选D。
3.同/近义词复现：同义词、近义词复现是借助意思相同或相近的表达方式，或解释性的语言使上下文的语义得以连接起来。
【真题例证】(2021天津3月卷)He offered to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it. He also asked for unwanted bikes, which he would repair again ___25___.
25.A. by accident B. in advance C. for free D. on credit
【解析】句中的also和again都暗示设空处要填free of charge，而for free是free of charge的同义词复现，故选C。句意：他还想要一些没人要的自行车，再进行免费修理。
【真题例证】(2020浙江6月卷)Lamb and mother reunited, I turned back to the tractor only to see it move suddenly away from me. This was so unexpected because I had put the handbrake on when I jumped out. Obviously, Don had somehow made the ___42___ move.
42.A. lamb B. vehicle C. seat D. fence
【解析】句意：小羊和妈妈团聚了，我回头看拖拉机，只见它突然离我而去。这太出乎意料了，因为我跳下车的时候已经拉了手刹。很明显，Don不知何故让车动了起来。vehicle和上文中的tractor意义相近，属于近义词复现，故选B。
【真题例证】(2020天津卷)He has recently made a significant discovery—loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to depression and even crimes, but it can be prevented in a clever way. The ___18___ Chat benches.
18.A. solution B. puzzle C. excuse D. intention
【解析】句意：他最近有了一个重大发现——孤独是一个严重的社会问题，它会导致抑郁甚至犯罪，但可以用一种聪明的方法来预防。解决方案？长椅上聊天。此处的solution是上一句中way的近义词复现，表示“方法，解决方案”，故选A。
4.反义词复现：意思相反的词在同一语篇中重复出现。
【真题例证】(2023新高考Ⅱ卷)When I met Tiffy’s owners, they seemed very ___47___. George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was hard for him.
47.A. confused B. nervous C. annoyed D. curious
【解析】句意：当我见到Tiffy的主人时，他们看起来很紧张。丈夫George试着冷静下来，但我看得出来，这对他来说很难。所填词nervous是下文“George, the husband, was trying to be calm”中calm的反义词复现，故选B。
【真题例证】(2022新高考Ⅱ卷)It might sound like one long, expensive vacation, but the couple has an unusual way to make their travel ___43___.
43. A. safe B. busy C. helpful D. affordable
【解析】句意：这听起来像是一个漫长而昂贵的假期，但这对夫妇有一种不同寻常的方式让他们的旅行负担得起。对应上文“It might sound like one long, expensive vacation”指听起来昂贵，但这对夫妇有一种不同寻常的方式让他们的旅行负担得起。affordable与上文中的expensive构成反义关系，故选D。
【真题例证】(2022·全国乙卷)They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies ___43___.
43. A. exposed B. examined C. untouched D. imbalanced
【解析】句意：他们通常只用手遮住眼睛，其余的身体暴露在外。A. exposed无遮蔽的；B. examined已检查过的；C. untouched未受影响的；D. imbalanced失衡的。根据上文“They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies”可知，儿童只是用手遮住了眼睛，身体的其余部分无遮蔽，是暴露在外的。 expose与cover反义关系，故选A。
5.上下义词复现：这里的上下义词在语言学中指的是词的类概念。
【真题例证】(2022浙江1月卷)Seeing a ray of hope, Ms Burdeyney began raising ___46___ for the project with a friend, Toronto businessman Meyer Zeifman. So far, she has raised $110,000 with another $40,000 expected.
46.A. money B. standards C. awareness D. questions
【解析】句意： Ms Burdeyney看到了一线希望，于是她开始和一位朋友一起为这个项目筹款。迄今为止，她已经筹集了110 000美元，预计还能筹到40 000美元。此处属于上下义词复现。$110 000和$40 000是下义词(具体钱数)，钱(money)是上义词，故选A。
【真题例证】(2021浙江6月高考卷)Last week she walked up to the store, but when she went to pay for her groceries, she was short about three dollars. The only way to pay for the groceries was to take off the
___46___ she could do without: a bottle of rubbing alcohol(医用酒精) and a bar of soap.
46.A. weight B. things C. mask D. glasses
【解析】句意：当她去付款的时候，她缺了大约3美元。她想要买下这些东西的唯一方式就是把可以不买的医用酒精和肥皂放下。此处属于上下义词复现。a bottle of rubbing alcohol和a bar of soap是下义词(具体物品)，things是上义词(概括词)，故选B。
6.同场词汇复现：意义上相关的词汇出现在同一语篇中，构成以某一话题为中心的词汇链，因其共同出现的在同一个场合，叫“同场”词汇。“同场”词汇之间在意义上存在横向联系，它们之间存在反义关系或相对关系，或者同类互补关系等，如：different与same; cruel与friendly; death与destruction(毁灭); ill, pale, patient, nurse, doctor和operation等。
【真题例证】(2022新高考Ⅰ卷)Once, we ___42___ along Chalk Creek...He was uncomfortable, and his crying let the whole campground know it.
42.A. camped B. drove C. walked D. cycled
【解析】作者一家是在Chalk Creek岸边露营。此处属于同场词汇复现。此处的camp和下文的campground是同场词，故选A。
【真题例证】(2022全国乙卷)We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. ...
A number of ___53___ ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked.
53. A. instructions B. descriptions C. experiments D. assumptions
【解析】句意：许多实验排除了孩子们误解了他们被问到的问题。根据语境，此处表示上文中的许多实验排除了孩子们会误解问题这一情况。experiment与上文中的Lab为同场词，故选C项。
【真题例证】(2021浙江6月高考卷)My mother is 92. Unless I have to be out of town, each week I take my mother to do her ___41___ and visit the doctor, providing company and transportation. During the week, however, she likes to go to a nearby store to buy some small things she needs.
41.A. exercise B. housework C. cooking D. shopping
【解析】句意：我妈妈92岁了。除非我必须出城，否则我每周都会带妈妈去购物和看医生，并提供陪伴和交通工具。然而，在工作日，她喜欢去附近的商店买一些她需要的小东西。此处属于同场词汇复现。此处的shopping和下文的a nearby store to buy some small things是同场词，故选D。
二、利用语境暗示解题
语境暗示就是指文章的上下文所提供的蛛丝马迹。
1.上文暗示
【真题例证】(2023新高考Ⅰ卷)On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have ___41___ the course earlier than she did. Her ___42___ came because she was carrying a competitor across the finish line.
41. A. designed B. followed C. changed D. finished
42. A. delay B. chance C. trouble D. excuse
【解析】根据上文中hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race可知，Bailey在参加越野比赛，她本应该更早一些跑完(finish)全程。由于她背着一名参赛者，所以她的比赛受到了耽搁(delay)，故第41题选D，第42题选A。
【真题例证】(2022新高考Ⅰ卷)We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor. As we all sat there ___52___ a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rope and towed(拖)us back. We were ___53___.
52. A. patiently B. tirelessly C. doubtfully D. helplessly
53. A. sorry B. brave C. safe D. right
【解析】发动机出了故障，作者一家被困在了湖中央，因此他们坐在那里，感到很无助(helplessly)，故第52题选D；根据上文中的“a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rope and towed us back”可知，他们的船被一位渔民拖到了岸上，即他们安全(safe)了，故第53题选C。
【真题例证】(2022全国乙卷)Each child sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or ears. We then
asked the child if she could ___49___ or hear the adult.
49.A. see B. help C. reach D. fool
【解析】根据上一句中an adult who covered her own eyes 可知，此处问受试儿童能否看到(see)那位成年人，故选A。
【真题例证】(2021全国甲卷) The seagulls immediately went wild. They rushed to the window, 30 or 40 birds all trying to ___53___ at the same time, and pepperoni—everywhere. The curtains were falling down, the lamps were falling down. It was a real ___54___.
53. A. wake up B. get out C. take off D. break in
54. A. mess B. puzzle C. fight D. challenge
【解析】句意：海鸥们立刻发狂了。他们冲到窗口，三四十只都想同时出来，到处都是意大利香肠。窗帘掉下来了，灯也掉下来了，真是一团糟。根据上文语境可知，三四十只海鸥同时冲向窗口，都想从窗户飞出去(get out)。随着香肠掉落一地，窗帘掉落地下，灯倒了，房间肯定是一团糟(mess)，故第53题选B；第54题选A。
2.下文暗示
【真题例证】(2023新高考Ⅰ卷)Bailey then ___47___ to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get medical attention.
A. went away B. stood up C. stepped aside D. bent down
【解析】根据下文中let Lenoue climb onto her back可知，Bailey弯下腰(bend down)，让 Lenoue爬到她的背上，故选D。
【真题例证】(2022全国甲卷)And then in late November, Tilly had an operation on her ___52___. I took the dogs out four times a day, and I worried that Tilly constantly climbing the stairs could reopen the wound.
52.A. eye B. tail C. ear D. leg
【解析】根据下文中Tilly constantly climbing the stairs可知，Tilly的腿部(leg)做了手术，故选D。
【真题例证】(2021新高考Ⅰ卷)It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for ___43___ help during our spring break, for which I had no plans beyond listening to my favourite records.
43.A. generous B. financial C. technical D. temporary
【解析】句意：春假期间，市中心的工厂需要八个孩子临时帮忙，我除了听我最喜欢的唱片没有别的计划。根据下文中during our spring break的语境暗示可知，这是一份临时性的(temporary)工作，故选D。
【真题例证】(2020新课标Ⅲ卷)I remember the first really ___48___ customer we had at Covent Garden. She was displeased with absolutely everything, nothing was right and ...
48. A. generous B. polite C. careless D. difficult
【解析】根据下文可知，结合后文nothing was right可知这位顾客对一切都不满，语境暗示这位顾客很难缠/难应付(difficult)，故选 D。
三、利用背景常识解题
高考完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着生活常识和文化背景等知识。考生在做题时，若能将相关信息和我们原有的生活经验和文化背景等结合，巧妙地加以运用，将会大大简化分析与判断过程，从而轻松地做出正确判断。
【真题例证】(2023新高考Ⅱ卷)After some goodbyes, I asked George and his wife to help me ___51___ Tiffy into the plane. I promised to take care of Tiffy and ___52___ them as soon as we got to Kansas City.
51. A. feed B. follow C. change D. load
2. A. call B. join C. leave D. serve
【解析】根据常识可知，作者让George夫妇帮自己把Tiffy装到(load)飞机上。堪萨斯城只是一个运送宠物的中转地，George一家并不在此地，所以作者一到就打电话给George夫妇，故第51题选D，第52题选A。
【真题例证】(2022新高考Ⅰ卷)The sky was clear when we headed off, but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly ___48___ our peaceful morning trip.
48.A. arranged B. interrupted C. completed D. recorded
【解析】作者一家出发时天气晴朗，但山里的暴风雨来得很迅猛，而这场突如其来的暴风雨中断了作者一家平静的清晨之旅。根据生活常识可知选B。
【真题例证】(2021全国甲卷)Burchill was ___41___ at the hotel on business and planning to visit some friends in the area. They had asked him to bring some pepperoni(辣香肠) from back east.
41.A. studying B. staying C. looking D. packing
【解析】根据生活常识及空格后的at the hotel on business可知，Burchill出差时居住在酒店里，故选B。
【真题例证】(2021全国乙卷)She was grateful for everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her. On her day of discharge(出院), we shared in her ___50___ at her recovery.
50.A. surprise B. delight C. curiosity D. disappointment
【解析】根据下文的her recovery可知，病人康复出院自然会分享喜悦(delight)，故选B。
【真题例证】(2019江苏卷)Wildlife has been greatly threatened in the modern age. There are species(物种)that are ___36___ every day. The white naped crane is a typical example. So scientists are trying their best to ___37___ the species from going out of existence.
36. A.growing B. migrating C. competing D. disappearing
37. A.ban B. save C. split D. remove
36.【解析】前一句提到野生动物的生活受到了威胁，根据生活常识可以推测“受到威胁”就意味着有可能会消失，故空处表示一些物种在慢慢消失。disappear“消失”，故选D。
37.【解析】既然野生动物受到威胁，可能要绝迹，按常识推测科学家们就会想办法挽救(save)它们，使其免于灭绝，故选B。
【真题例证】(2019·全国I卷)Above 4,000 meters is the highland ___57___: gravel(砾石), stones and rocks.
57.A.village B. desert C. road D. lake
【解析】根据空后描述的砾石、石头和岩石，根据生活常识可知空处指的是高原荒地(desert)。
四、利用习惯搭配或固定结构解题
完形填空中，偶尔也会考查一些习惯搭配或固定结构，利用这些搭配和结构可以快速解题，但要规避思维定势的负面影响，这就需要考生在实际解题中灵活运用。
1.固定搭配
【真题例证】(2021英语全国甲卷)That’s when things went 29 “I remember walking down the long hall and opening the door to my room to find an entire flock of seagulls,”
29. A. far B. funny C. wrong D. blind
【解析】此处go wrong是固定搭配，意为：出问题，故选C。
【真题例证】(2021英语全国乙卷)As she was leaving she was eager to say 52 to each of us in the nursing team.
52. A. sorry B. hello C. goodbye D. yes
【解析】根据上文的“on her day of discharge”可知，女病人要出院了，由此推知她对护理团队的人告别，say goodbye to sb.“和某人告别”符合语境，故选C。
【真题例证】(2021浙江1月卷)But on the last night we were ___50___ in a thunderstorm. I woke
up at midnight to find a swimming pool in my tent.
50.A. left B. caught C. attacked D. separated
【解析】句意：但是在最后一晚，我们被困在雷雨中。我半夜醒来发现帐篷就像游泳池一样。固定词组be caught in意为“被困于……”，符合题意，故选B。
【真题例证】(节选自2020·新课标Ⅱ卷)His son, age 15, who had ___49___ an art appreciation class, thought that there was something unusual about the one with a young girl sitting on a garden chair.
49. A. missed B. failed C. taken D. led
【解析】根据语境可知，他的儿子上过艺术鉴赏课。固定短语take a classes“上课”，故选C项。
友情提醒：警惕假性搭配。在解完形填空题时，考生有时会受到母语知识面、思维习惯等一些思维定势的影响而失分。由于对一些固定搭配、习惯用法形成了根深蒂固的定势，很难规避，所以考生一看到貌似固定搭配或是习惯用法的选项就贸然下手，从而导致误选。
【真题例证】(2021天津1月卷)For Pruitt, a keen bicyclist, the first thing to do was ___19___ his stolen bike. But when he went bike shopping, he found few available, which got him to think: What if the lack of bikes was COVID-19 related, and what if the person who’ d taken his bike really needed transportation to get to work
19. A. ride B. lock C. repair D. replace
【解析】考生可能受思维定式的影响，看到下文中的bike可能就下意识地以为选择ride a bike这个固定搭配，导致误选。的确，如果仅仅从空格所在句子看，四个选项都可以跟后面的宾语his stolen bike搭配。但根据上下文语境可知，Pruitt 热衷于骑自行车，自行车被偷了，他首先要做的事情应该是换一辆自行车，故选D。
2.固定结构
【真题例证】(2023新高考Ⅰ卷)...when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She ___45___ to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue.
45.A. agreed B. returned C. stopped D. promised
【解析】根据下文中to help her fellow runner可知，Bailey停下来帮助和她一起参赛的选手。stop to do sth.
停下来去做某事，故选C。
【真题例证】(2023全国乙卷)Not so long ago, Martha Karolyi, the coordinator(联络人)of the women’s national team, did not think Douglas had what it ___58___ to be an Olympian.
58.A. viewed B. appeared C. mattered D. took
【解析】国家队联络人Martha Karolyi一开始并不看好Douglas，觉得她不具备参加奥运会的资质。have (got) what it takes具备(成功)所需要的一切条件(或素质、能力等)，故选D。
五、破解词义障碍解题
考生在最后阶段复习中，要特别注意“熟词僻义、一词多义、少见为怪(复现率比较低的词)以及(从课标词汇衍生而来的)派生词、合成词”等词汇的积累，考时才能轻松破解词义理解上的障碍，规避丢分。
【真题例证】(2022北京卷)One Monday morning, while the children were enjoying “free play”, I stepped to the doorway of the classroom to take a break. Suddenly, I ___1___ a movement of the heavy wooden door. This was the very door I ___2___ guided the children through to ensure their safety from the bitter cold. I felt a chill (寒意) go through my body.
1. A. caused B. spotted C. checked D. imagined
2. A. hesitantly B. randomly C. dizzily D. carefully
1.【解析】spot一词多义，本身复现率也比较低。A. caused引起、使发生；B. spotted看见、注意到；
C. checked检查、核对；D. imagined想象。根据后面的“a movement of the heavy wooden door.”可知，此处表示看到门动了下，spot符合语境，故选B项。
2.【解析】四个备选项的词汇都是派生词，其中dizzily复现率比较低。A. hesitantly迟疑地、踌躇地；
B. randomly随机地；C. dizzily头晕眼花地；D. carefully小心地、谨慎地。根据后面的“to ensure their safety from the bitter cold.”可知，要确保孩子们不受严寒侵袭，说明是小心翼翼地领着孩子们通过，carefully符合语境，故选D项。
【真题例证】(2021全国甲卷)“I have ___35___(matured)and I admit responsibility of my ___36___(actions),” he said in the letter. “I come to you, ___37___, to apologize for the-damage I had ___38___ caused and to ask you to ___39___ my lifetime ban from the hotel.”
37. A. hands in pocket B. nose in the air C. hat in hand D. feet on the ground
38. A. indirectly B. deliberately C. cautiously D. secretly
37.【解析】四个备选项都属于熟词僻义。A. hands in pocket形容一个人漫不经心、闲散的样子。可以用来形容一个人表现出放松、不在意的态度，或者形容一个人懒惰、不务正业、无所事事的样子；B. nose in the air目中无人；C. hat in hand毕恭毕敬地；D. feet on the ground脚踏实地。根据“to apologize for the-damage I had ___38___ caused and to ask you to ___39___ my lifetime ban from the hotel.”及生活常识可知，向别人道歉，应该表明自己是毕恭毕敬地，故选C。
38.【解析】四个备选项都是派生词。A. indirectly间接；B. deliberately故意地；C. cautiously谨慎地；
D. secretly秘密地。根据“The curtains were falling down, the lamps were falling down”可知，作者携带的意大利香肠招来了海鸥，海鸥在逃跑的过程中，造成了一些东西的损坏，Burchill间接给酒店造成了损失，故选A。
【真题例证】(2022浙江1月卷)Ms. Burdeyney talked to some friends who had ___39___(similar)problems and discovered that they were largely suffering in ___40___(silence). “Nobody chooses to talk about it because it seems so ___41___,” she said. “But more and more are suffering and lives are being ___42___.”
Eventually, Ms. Burdeyney learned about plans for an eye research, ___43___(program)at Tel Aviv University in Israel. The research team ___44___(included)Canadian doctor Allan Slomovic, who has done ___45___ work on eye care using stem cells.
41. A. unbearable B. abnormal C. insignificant D. disturbing
42. A. compromised B. forgotten C. substituted D. separated
45. A. part-time B. controversial C. voluntary D. ground-breaking
41.【解析】四个选项都是派生词。A. unbearable无法忍受的；B. abnormal不正常的；C. insignificant无意义的；D. disturbing扰人的。他们闭口不提的原因很可能是因为无意义，其他三个选项不符合一般逻辑，故选C项。
42.【解析】选项A属于熟词僻义。A. compromise使陷入危险，妥协；B. forget遗忘；C. substitute替代，代替；D. separate分隔。越来越多的人在遭受眼睛问题带来的痛苦，这属于健康问题，威胁生命，故选A项。
43.【解析】四个选项里有派生词，又有合成词，且B选项 controversial复现率非常低。A. part-time兼职的；B. controversial有争议的；C. voluntary自愿的；D. ground-breaking开创性的。根据后句“Seeing a ray of hope”(看到了一丝希望)可知，他是带来希望的人，是最先做的，他的工作具有开创性，故选D项。
六、利用情节线解题
情节线也叫故事线，是故事发展的脉络，主要围绕故事的时间、地点、人物、事件的起因、发展、高潮和结局展开。纵观历年真题，完形填空对名词和动词的考查居多，因为名词和动词体现了故事发展的过程和细节。记叙文常用第一人称或第三人称叙述生活中一些人物和事。夹叙夹议文则在此基础上表达作者对生活的看法或揭示生活的真理，达到弘扬真善美和体现正能量的目的。
【真题例证】(2023全国甲卷)Many years ago, I bought a house in the Garfagnana, where we still go every summer. The first time we ___41___ there, we heard the chug-chug-chug of a motorbike ___42___ its way down the hill toward us. It was a ___43___ called Mario, coming to ___44___ us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine...
What Mario had given us was the taste of the Garfagnana.
41. A. waited B. met C. camped D. stayed
42. A. making B. searching C. squeezing D. feeling
43. A. customer B. neighbour C. relative D. passenger
44. A. lend B. send C. bring D. show
【情节】许多年前，我在Garfagnana买了一栋房子→我们第一次___41___在那里→我们听到了
一辆摩托车从山上向我们___42___时发出的嘎吱嘎吱的声音→那是___43___马里奥→他给我
们___44___了一个盒子(里面装着一些西红柿和一瓶酒)→马里奥给我们带来的是Garfagnana
的味道。
【解析】根据“我在Garfagnana买了一栋房子”可知，我们是第一次待在(stay)那里，故第41题选D；
根据第44空前的coming to可知，摩托车从山上向我们住处开过来，make one’s way toward...
为固定搭配，意为“朝……方向前进”，故第42题选A；根据下文情节“马里奥给我们带来
的是Garfagnana的味道”可知，马里奥是从山上下来的，他给我们带来(bring)了当地的食物，
由此推测，马里奥是作者的邻居(neighbour)，故第43题选B，第44题选C。
七、利用逻辑线解题
逻辑线既可以指故事发展的先后顺序、行为的原因结果，也可以指篇章的衔接连贯、上下文的起承转合。很多情况下，对于逻辑的考查是通过让学生结合语境进行合理的分析推断来展开的。根据是否直接考查逻辑连接词，我们把逻辑线分为：显性逻辑线和隐性逻辑线。
1.显性逻辑线
完形填空最大的特点之一就是逻辑性强，其逻辑连接词在文中起着辅助篇章衔接与连贯的重要作用，可以表达文中各种逻辑关系。现将完形填空中表示十大逻辑关系的常见词列举如下(根据大数据统计，加粗的表示上下文逻辑关系的词常常出现在完形填空<但并不一定出现在备选项>中)。
十大关系 例 词
条件关系 if, unless, once(一旦), otherwise, as/so long as, supposing, on condition that, provided that, depending on ...
因果关系 表原因 after all, because, since, due to, as, in that, now that, considering that, as a result of ...
表结果 so, so that, thus, consequently, therefore, as a result ...
时间关系 before, since, as, until, when, whenever, as soon as, in that moment ...
顺序/承关系 finally, first, firstly, initially, eventually, in the first place, last, next, to begin with, to start with ...
让步关系 despite, in spite of, regardless of, though, although, while, even if, even though, wherever, whatever, whenever, whoever, whichever ...
转折关系 however, but, on the contrary, in contrast, yet, unfortunately, somehow ...
对比关系 while, whereas, not...but..., instead, instead of, compared with ...
并列关系 similarly, and, or, neither...nor..., either...or..., not only...but also..., meanwhile ...
递进关系 moreover, furthermore, above all, even, besides, what's more, what's worse ...
解释关系 for example/instance, namely ...
【真题例证】(2023浙江1月卷)Suddenly, Ziyad let out a sharp cry. Within seconds, he’d ___51___ the trunk and was back on the ground.
51. A. cut off B. gone up C. slid down D. held onto
【解析】句意：几秒钟过后，他就从树干滑下，重新回到地面。根据前文“Ziyad got close to the hive which
was around 20 metres above the ground.”和后文“was back on the ground”可知，Ziyad是从树顶滑
下，回到地面，故选C. slid down滑下。空处和and后的back on the ground是顺承关系。
【真题例证】(2023新高考Ⅱ卷)In April last year, I saw a post on the PNP (Pilots N Paws) website from a family in Topeka. They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight ___41___.
41.A.turn B.budget C.schedule D.connection
【解析】根据空后“They could not afford to pay for…for their dog, Tiffy…”可知,他们负担不起运送他们的
狗Tiffy的费用。由此可推知，他们的经济预算很紧张，故选B项。他们不得不搬到弗吉尼亚，
但是他们的经济预算太紧张。根据but转折关系，可推知选项。
【真题例证】(2021全国乙卷)One afternoon, while attempting to get into bed she collapsed(倒下) from what was ___45___ discovered to be a heart attack.
45.A. eventually B. fortunately C. casually D. secretly
【解析】句意：一天下午，当她试图上床睡觉时，她晕倒了。最终发现晕倒的原因是心脏病发作。此
处eventually表示时间上的顺序关系，故选A。
【真题例证】(2023全国甲卷)But when we looked at the tomatoes, we were ___46___ because they were so misshapen: not at all like the nice, round, shiny things you get in a supermarket. And the wine was cloudy, in a funny old bottle with no label(标签) on it.
46.A. worried B. moved C. thrilled D. bored
【解析】根据后文“…because they were so misshapen…”可知，因为西红柿太畸形了，所以“我们”担
心(能不能吃)，故选A. worried担心。because表示上下文因果关系。
【真题例证】(2023全国甲卷)And the wine was cloudy, in a funny old bottle with no label(标签) on it. These
can’t be any good, we thought. But we were ___49___ his kindness, so we ___50___ them.
49.A. sympathetic to B. thankful for C. cautious about D. interested in
50.A. tried B. sold C. returned D. mixed
【解析】尽管东西看起来不好，因为是邻居带来的，所以“我们”应该表示感谢(thankful for对……表示感谢)，故49题选B。虽然西红柿是畸形的，酒也是浑浊的，但“我们”感激邻居的善意，所以还是尝试 (try)着享用了它们，故选A。49题与上文构成转折关系，49题又与下文构成因果关系。
2.隐性逻辑线
除了考查上表中的十大逻辑关系词外，近年来完形填空的逻辑关系出现了新的考查趋势：不直接考查这些逻辑关系词，而是将逻辑关系隐藏在句内的衔接(句内逻辑关系)、句间的衔接(句间逻辑关系)以及段间的衔接(段间逻辑关系)。
(1)句内逻辑线
句内逻辑线是指选项所在句子中的内部逻辑关系。
【真题例证】(2023新高考Ⅱ卷)The flight was ___41___, and Tiffy was a great passenger. The next day, she flew with Karen and made it back to George in Virginia within a few days.
41.A. unnecessary B. unexpected C. unavoidable D. uneventful
【解析】and表示并列关系，根据and后面的“Tiffy是个很棒的乘客”可以推测，这次飞行平安无事
(uneventful)，故选D。
【真题例证】(2022新高考Ⅰ卷)Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake. The sky was clear when we
___47___, but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly ___48___ our peaceful morning trip.
47. A. signed up B. calmed down C. checked out D. headed off
48. A. arranged B. interrupted C. completed D. recorded
【解析】根据but storms move in fast in the mountains可知，山里的暴风雨来得很快，but在此处表示转
折关系，这表明作者一家出发(head off)时天气还很晴朗，但这场突如其来的暴风雨中断
(interrupt)了他们平静的清晨之旅，故47题选D；48题选B。
(2)句间逻辑线
句间逻辑线指根据句子与句子之间的逻辑关系，选出正确选项。
【真题例证】(2020新高考Ⅰ卷)A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the damage it caused had driven away a number of birds. ___45___, the number of snakes had declined as well.
45.A. Besides B. However C. Therefore D. Otherwise
【解析】句意：那年早些时候，一场洪水袭击了这个地区，造成了破坏，许多鸟类被迫离开了。此外，
蛇的数量也减少了。besides意为“此外，而且”，表示递进关系，故选A。
【真题例证】(2022新高考Ⅰ卷)We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor. As we all sat there ___52___, a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rope and towed(拖)us back. We were ___53___.
52. A. patiently B. tirelessly C. doubtfully D. helplessly
53. A. sorry B. brave C. safe D. right
【解析】根据上一句可知，作者一家被困在了湖中央，因此他们非常无助(helplessly)。故第52题选D。
根据上一句中的“a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rope and towed us back”可知，他们的船被一
位渔民拖到了岸上，因此他们安全(safe)了，故第53题选C。
(3)段间逻辑线
这种逻辑线主要体现在段落与段落之间的衔接上。
【真题例证】(2022新高考Ⅰ卷)My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.
Some of our ___41___ are funny, especially from the early years when our children were little...
Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake ...
41.A. ideas B. jokes C. memories D. discoveries
【解析】根据第一段的wonderful camping experiences和第二段中from the early years when...及第三段中
“Another time ...”可知，作者是在回忆和家人的露营经历，一些回忆(memories)很有趣，故选C。
【真题例证】(2020新高考Ⅱ卷)There, among many other things, Nicolo spotted two paintings he thought would look(___45___nice)above his dining room table. Nicolo and another bidder(___46___battled)until Nicolo finally won the paintings for $32.
...
“That’s the garden in our picture,” Nicolo’s son told his father. They(___55___ eventually)learned that the
painting they ___56___ was called “The Girl with Two Chairs.” They(___57___studied)the other painting and learned that it was(___58___ actually)Paul Gauguin’s “Still Life of Fruit on a Table with a Small Dog.”
56. A. owned B. borrowed C. sold D. stole
【解析】本题需要利用段间逻辑线解题(语篇层次题)。解题时需要综合第一段和空格所在段落来寻找突
破口。本题可以利用文章发展脉络解题。所节选部分文章发展脉络为：Nicolo在一次拍卖会
上竞价买到两幅画→Nicolo的儿子研究这两幅画→发现这两幅画均为名画。根据文章发展脉
络可知，Nicolo是在拍卖会上竞价买到的这两幅画(Nicolo finally won the paintings for 32$)，这
幅画的所有权是Nicolo的，即他们所拥有，故选 A。
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