09 定语从句
I. 定语从句起了形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。
关系词 先行词 从句成分 例 句 备 注
关系代 词 who 人 主语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that
whom 人 宾语 Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working The boy (whom) she loved died in the war..
whose 人或物 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history. The boy whose father works abroad is my desk-mate.
that 人或物 主语，宾语 A plane is a machine that can fly. She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.
which 物 主语，宾语 The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. The picture which was about the accident was terrible.
as 人或物 主语，宾语 He is such a person as is respected by all of us. This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as做宾语一般不省略
关系 when 时间 时间状语 I will never forget the day when we met there. 可用on which
副 词
where 地点 地点状语 This is the house where I was born. 可用in which
why 原因 原因状语 I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer. 可用for which
II. that与which, who, whom的用法区别
情 况 用法说明 例 句
只用that的情况 1.先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代词时 2.先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修饰时 3.先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时 4.先行词既指人又指物时 5.先行词被the only, the very修饰时 6.句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时 1.He told me everything that he knows. 2.All the books that you offered has been given out. 3.This is the best film that I have ever read. 4.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered. 5.He is the only man that I want to see. 6.Who is the man that is making a speech
只用which, who, whom的情况 1.在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人 2.在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。 3.先行词本身是that时，关系词用which, 先行词为those, one, he时多用who。 1.He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study. 2.I like the person to whom the teacher is talking. 3.Those who respect others are usually respected by others.
III. as、which和that的区别
从句 区 别 例 句
限制性 定语从句中 名词前有such和the same修饰时，关系代词用as,不能用which He is not such a fool as he looks. Don’t read such books as you can’t understand.
非限制性 定语从句中 as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如，象”的含义，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引导的从句只能放主句后，并无“正如”的意思。 They won the game, as we had expected. They won the game, which we hadn’t expected. As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s.
the same... as和 the same ...that the same... as指同类事物 the same ...that 指原物 That’s the same tool as I used last week.（同类工具，不是同一把） That’s the same tool that I used last week.那就是我上周用过的工具。
注意：the way 做先行词时，定语从句可由that, in which 引导或不用引导词。
IV.定语从句与其它从句（句型）的区别
类 别 区 别 例 句
定语从句 与 并列句 定语从句与并列句的主要区别在于：并列句有像and，but，so等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接，这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。 ①Mr Li has three daughters，none of _____ is an engineer． ②Mr Li has three daughters，but none of _____ is a dancer． 从结构上看，①小题是定语从句，故填whom； ②小题有并列连词but，是并列句，故填代词 them。
定语从句 与 状语从句 定语从句的前面有名词作先行词，而状语从句没有先行词。 This is the place where we used to live a few years ago. 这是几年前我们居住的地方。（定语从句，先行词为the place） Let’s go where we can find a better job. 我们到能找到更好的工作的地方去吧。（地点状语从句）
定语从句修饰、限制、说明名词，只能放在先行词的后面，而状语从句说明动作发生的情况，并且可以放在主句的前面。 Do you know the time when the class is over 你知道下课的时间吗？（定语从句） It was already five o’clock when the class was over. =When the class was over, it was already five o’clock. 当下课时己经是5点了。（时间状语从句）
When, where和why在引导定语从句时可以用“介词＋which”的结构来替换，在引导状语从句时却不行。 This is the factory in which (where) his father once worked. 这就是他的父亲曾经工作过的那个工厂。（定语从句） Put back the book where it was. 把书放回原处。（状语从句）
定语从句中的关系词在从句中充当某种句子成分，因此去掉它则从句成分不完整；而结果状语从句中的连接词在从句中不作任何成分，去掉后从句的成分仍然完整。 It is such an interesting book as we all like. 它是我们大家都喜欢的如此有趣的书。 （as用作动词like的宾语，它引导的是定语从句） It is such an interesting book that we all like it. 它是一本如此有趣的书，我们大家都喜欢它。 （that不充当句子成分，故它引导的是结果状语从句）
定语从句 与 同位语从句 定语从句在复合句中相当于形容词，对先行词起修饰、描述或限制的作用，与先行词之间有从属关系。同位语的作用 The news that she had passed the exam made her parents very happy. 她考试及格的消息使她父母亲很高兴。（同位语从句）
相当于名词，对前面的名词给予补充说明或进一步解释，是前面名词的具体内容,与先行词之间是同位关系。 此句中的同位语从句 The news that she had passed the exam 可以改写成表语从句：The news is that he passed the exam. The news that he told us interested all of us. 他告诉我们的消息使大家都感兴趣。（定语从句） The news that he told us 是定语从句，此句不能改写为：The news is that he told us.
定语从句 与 强调句 强调句的结构为“It is／was＋被强调部分＋that＋从句”。被强调部分可以是除谓语以外的任何成分，当被强调部分是人时，还可用who代替that。这一句型中，一定不能因为被强调部分是表时间或地点的词就用when或where代替 that。 ①It is on the morning of May 1st _____ I met Liang Wei at the airport． ②It is the factory _____ Mr Wang works． 从结构上看： ①小题是强调句，故填 that。 ②小题则是定语从句，用上述方法转换便知the factory前差个介词in，故填 where。
易混知识
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
区别点 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
从句与先行词的关系 从句是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省去，主句意思不完整。 从句只是对主句的附加说明，如果省去，主句意思不受影响。
标点 从句和主句之间不用逗号隔开。 从句和主句之间用逗号隔开。
关系词 关系代词（that／which／whom）作宾语时可以省略。 关系代词作宾语不能省略；不能用that 引导。
先行词 从句只修饰主句中的名词或代词。 从句可修饰主句中的名词或代词，还可修饰主句中的一部分或整个主句。
易混2 定语从句与其他从句的混淆
（1）定语从句与并列句的混淆。
判断句子是定语从句还是并列句，关键看题干中第二个句子前是否有and，but等并列连词或分号等。如果有，则为并列句；反之则为定语从句。
例如：怀特先生有三个儿子，他们都很勇敢。
Mr. White has three sons, all of whom are brave.（定语从句）
Mr. White has three sons, and all of them are brave.（并列句）
Mr.White has three sons; all of them are brave.（并列句）
此句还可表达为：Mr.White has three sons，all of them brave.（all of them brave 为独立主格结构）
（2）as引导的非限制性定语从句与what引导的主语从句以及it作形式主语时的主语从句的混淆。
①as引导的非限制性定语从句放在句首时，其后用逗号与主句隔开，as在从句中作成分。
②what引导主语从句时既作成分又起连接作用。
③it在句中只作形式主语。
例如：众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。
As is known to us all, China is a developing country.（As引导非限制性定语从句）
What is known to us all is that China is a developing country.（What引导主语从句）
It is known to us all that China is a developing country.（It作形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语）
易混3 way和time后的定语从句的关系词
（1）如果way作先行词，定语从句中缺少方式状
语，则从句可用in which或that引导，关系词也可省略；如果定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，则用which或that引导该从句。若关系词在定语从句中作宾语，也可以省略。
Please tell me the way (in which/that) you worked out the math problems.请告诉我你解出这几道数学题的方法。
I think the way (that/which) he told me is the best.我认为他告诉我的那个方法是最好的。
（2）若time表示“一段时间”，且关系词在从句中作状语，则关系词用 when或“at／during＋which”；当time作“次数”讲时，关系词用that，也可省略。
There was a time when/during which we lived in Beijing.有一段时间我们住在北京。
I could hardly remember how many times （that） I’ve failed.我几乎记不清已经失败过多少次了。
巩固练习：
单句填空A组
1.I will run through the most common questions_____________ are often asked by people.
2.Over the past 40 years, Du Dejian has received numerous visitors at the library __________he established in his home in Zhangfang village of Yongji,Shanxi Province.
3.The number of smokers,___________is reported,has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
4. Much of the early tea in China was grown on small farms and plantations, many of _________were tended by Buddhist monks.
5.The idea has quickly spread to Europe in___________ special courses are now offered to children who are from 7 to 24 months old.
6.The root of the carnival dates back to 1833___________slavery was abolished.
7.We attended the meeting in the school lecture hall last night,____________seats more than 300 students.
8.There are many reasons__________ English is so widely used around the world in the fields of science,business, and more.
9.A father,__________son was 16 years old, was worried because his son had no courage at all.
10. The tea plant grows best in tropical and temperate places ____________rain falls throughout the year.
单句填空 B组
1.My wallet is no longer in use. I can buy and eat anything__________I want simply with a tap on my phone.
2. The liquid oxygen needed to fuel the flight is also needed in hospitals,_________doctors use to keep dangerously sick patients alive.
3. _____________the expert says, the taste of the food depends on whom you're eating with-caring family members, intimate friends, or just by yourself as you stay all alone, enjoying this quiet moment.
4.DIT refers to the number of calories the body expends when heating itself and digesting food. It was shown to be higher for those ______________ate more at breakfast than at dinner.
5. Humans like to live and work in groups. Language is the“cement”（接合剂）____________ holds these groups together.
6.This time, the Tianwen series will carry out the first Mars exploration mission,_________represents a milestone for China's move toward deep space.
7.In fact, tango raised a few eyebrows among the conservative members of society, __________found it a little too shocking.
8.Basically, baking is a creative activity ___________you can imagine a happy moment in the future.
9. Another idea from social psychology is that people like to listen to the very music ________shows their present life circumstances.
10.The woman ____________treated my child is an outstanding doctor.
语法填空
Woodblock printing is an ancient printing technique that boosted human civilization. As Buddhism gained popularity during the Tang Dynasty, a strong need 1________(arise) to produce numerous Buddhist scriptures （经书），and copying by hand could not meet 2_________ rising demand. Ancient Chinese craftsmen thus invented woodblock printing for mass production, 3____________ (mark) a major turning point in printing history.
There are four steps involved in 4__________(tradition) woodblock printing, with each step
subdivided into several procedures. 5_____________ lies at the center of the technique is carving. Characters and images 6____________ (carve) to produce raised areas or lines that will eventually apply ink to paper.
A five-meter scroll of the Buddhist scripture Diamond Sutra, 7 _____________(make) in 868, is the “earliest dated woodblock printed book” in the words of the British Library 8 ____________it is stored. It is just one example of ancient works of art that not only tell the wisdom of our ancestors, but also demonstrate the 9___________ (pursue) of beauty by Chinese craftsmen throughout centuries.
The invention of writing gave life 10_____________ great thoughts, but it is the invention of printing that made knowledge a shareable fruit for all humankind.
解析：
单句填空A组
1．that 句意为：我将简要介绍一下人们最常问的问题。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词questions，在从句中作主语，且先行词被形容词最高级形式the most common修饰，故填that。
2．that／which 句意为：杜德建在山西省永济市张坊村的家中建立了图书馆，在过去的40年里，他在那里接待了无数的参观者。分析句子结构可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词为library，指物，关系词在从句中作宾语，故填that/which。
3．as 句意为：据报道，吸烟者的数量在短短一年内就下降了17％。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句，关系词在从句中作主语，意为“正如”，故填as。
4．which 句意为：中国早期的茶叶大部分是在小农场和种植园种植的，这些地方大多是由佛教僧侣照料的。分析句子结构可知，many of＿引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为 small farms and plantations，指物，关系词在从句中作of的宾语，应用which引导。故填which。
5．which 句意为：这个理念迅速传播到欧洲，如今在欧洲特殊的课程被提供给7至24个月大的儿童。分析句子结构可知，in＿引导定语从句，先行词为Europe，关系词在从句中作介词in的宾语，应用which，in which在从句中作地点状语，故填which。
6．when 句意为；狂欢节的起源要追溯到1833年，那时奴隶制被废除。设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词1833指时间，关系词在从句中作时间状语，故应用when引导该从句。
7．which 句意为；我们昨晚在学校演讲厅参加了会议，这个大厅能坐下300多名学生。分析
句子结构可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the school lecture hall，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，故应用 which引导该从句。
8．why 句意为：英语在世界各地的科学、商业等领域被如此广泛使用是有很多原因的。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词是reasons，关系词在从句中作原因状语，应用关系副词why。
9．whose 句意为：一位有个16岁儿子的父亲感觉很担忧，因为他的儿子根本没有勇气。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词father，关系词在从句中作定语，即A father和son之间为所属关系，故应用whose引导该从句。
10．where 句意为：热带和温带地区全年降雨，茶树在那里长得最好。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导的从句起修饰作用，为定语从句，先行词是places，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故应用where引导该从句。
单句填空B组
1．that 句意为：我不再用钱包了。只要点一下手机，我就可以买任何我想要的东西，吃任何我想吃的东西。设空处引导定语从句，在从句中作宾语，先行词为anything，关系词只能用that。故填that。
2. which 句意为：为飞行提供燃料所需的液氧也是医院所需要的，医生们用其来维持病危患者的生命。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是The liquid oxygen，指物，关系词在定语从句中作宾语，应用关系代词 which引导该从句。
3. As 句意为：正如该专家所说，食物的味道取决于你和谁一起吃饭——体贴的家人、亲密的朋友，或者只是当你独自一人的时候自己吃饭，享受这安静的时刻。此处引导定语从句，as sb.says为固定句型，意为“正如某人所说”。故填As。
4. who 句意为：食物诱导产热指的是身体在保暖和消化食物时所消耗的热量。研究表明，对于那些早餐吃得比晚餐多的人来说，食物诱导产热更高。此处引导定语从句，先行词为those，指人，关系词在从句中作主语；当先行词为one，ones或those等时，关系词用who。
5．that／which 句意为：人类喜欢群居和团队协作。语言是把这些团体凝聚在一起的“接合剂”。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为cement，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，故应用that／which引导该从句。
6．which 句意为：这一次，天问系列将执行第一次火星探测任务，这代表中国迈向外太空的一个里程碑。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句的内容，
关系词在从句中作主语，故填which。
7．who 句意为：事实上，探戈引起了社会中保守的成员的些许不满，他们觉得探戈有点太令人震惊了。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the conservative members of society，指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，故填who。
8.where 句意为：从根本上说，烘焙是一种创造性的活动，在这个活动中，你可以想象未来的快乐时刻。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为activity，是抽象地点的名词，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
补充：此题先行词为表示抽象地点的名词 activity，不同于普通的地点名词，考生因不熟悉这一点，很容易将指代先行词的关系词在定语从句中充当的成分混淆，认为其作主语、宾语或者表语，事实上关系词在从句中作地点状语。
9．that 句意为：来自社会心理学的另一个观点是人们喜欢听恰好可以反映他们现在生活境况的音乐。分析句子结构可知，此处应是定语从句的关系词，在从句中作主语，先行词为music，指物，被the very修饰，故应用that引导该从句。
10．that／who 句意为：治疗我孩子的女士是一位优秀的医生。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为The woman，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，故应用that／who引导该从句。
语法填空
1．arose 句意为：随着佛教在唐代的普及，制作大量的佛经的强烈需求出现了，而手抄已不能满足这个日益增长的需求。根据时间状语 during the Tang Dynasty 可知，此处描述过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时。故填arose。
2．the 句意见上一题解析。前文提到了a strong need，此处特指该需求，所以应用定冠词修饰。故填the。
3．marking 句意为：中国古代工匠因此发明了用于大批量生产的雕版印刷，这标志着印刷史上一个重大的转折点。此处应用现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。故填marking。
4．traditional 句意为：传统的雕版印刷有四个步骤，每个步骤又分为几道工序。此处修饰名词短语 woodblock printing，作定语，应用形容词 traditional。故填traditional。
5．What 句意为：这种技术的核心是雕刻。此处引导主语从句，在从句中作主语，意为“······的东西”，故用what，句首单词首字母大写。故填What。
6．are carved 句意为：文字和图像被雕刻成凸起的区域或线条，这些凸起的区域和线条最终
将墨水印在纸上。主语 Characters and images 与 carve是被动关系，应用被动语态；此处描述雕版印刷的步骤，应用一般现在时，且主语为复数，谓语也应用复数形式。故填are carved。
7．made 句意为：一卷制作于公元868年的五米长的佛经《金刚经》现藏于大英图书馆。据大英图书馆记载，它是“最早的标有年代的雕版印刷书籍”。make在此应用非谓语动词作定语，与逻辑主语A five-meter scroll of the Buddhist scripture Diamond Sutra 是被动关系，故用过去分词形式。故填made。
8．where 句意见上一题解析。此处先行词为the British Library，关系词在定语从句中充当地点状语，所以应用关系副词 where。故填where。
9．pursuit 句意为：这只是古代艺术品的一个代表，它不仅讲述了我们祖先的智慧，也展示了几个世纪以来中国工匠对美的追求。此处作demonstrate的宾语，应该用名词pursuit。故填pursuit。
10．to 句意为：文字的发明孕育了伟大的思想，但印刷术的发明使知识成为全人类共享的成果。give life to为固定搭配，意为“赋予······生命”。故填to。09 定语从句
I. 定语从句起了形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。
关系词 先行词 从句成分 例 句 备 注
关系代 词 who 人 主语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that
whom 人 宾语 Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working The boy (whom) she loved died in the war..
whose 人或物 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history. The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate.
that 人或物 主语，宾语 A plane is a machine that can fly. She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.
which 物 主语，宾语 The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. The picture which was about the accident was terrible.
as 人或物 主语，宾语 He is such a person as is respected by all of us. This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as做宾语一般不省略
关系 when 时间 时间状语 I will never forget the day when we met there. 可用on which
副 词
where 地点 地点状语 This is the house where I was born. 可用in which
why 原因 原因状语 I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer. 可用for which
II. that与which, who, whom的用法区别
情 况 用法说明 例 句
只用that的情况 1.先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代词时 2.先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修饰时 3.先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时 4.先行词既指人又指物时 5.先行词被the only, the very修饰时 6.句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时 1.He told me everything that he knows. 2.All the books that you offered has been given out. 3.This is the best film that I have ever read. 4.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered. 5.He is the only man that I want to see. 6.Who is the man that is making a speech
只用which, who, whom的情况 1.在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人 2.在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。 3.先行词本身是that时，关系词用which, 先行词为those, one, he时多用who。 1.He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study. 2.I like the person to whom the teacher is talking. 3.Those who respect others are usually respected by others.
III. as、which和that的区别
从句 区 别 例 句
限制性 定语从句中 名词前有such和the same修饰时，关系代词用as,不能用which He is not such a fool as he looks. Don’t read such books as you can’t understand.
非限制性 定语从句中 as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如，象”的含义，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引导的从句只能放主句后，并无“正如”的意思。 They won the game, as we had expected. They won the game, which we hadn’t expected. As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s.
the same... as和 the same ...that the same... as指同类事物 the same ...that 指原物 That’s the same tool as I used last week.（同类工具，不是同一把） That’s the same tool that I used last week.那就是我上周用过的工具。
注意：the way 做先行词时，定语从句可由that, in which 引导或不用引导词。
IV.定语从句与其它从句（句型）的区别
类 别 区 别 例 句
定语从句 与 并列句 定语从句与并列句的主要区别在于：并列句有像and，but，so等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接，这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。 ①Mr Li has three daughters，none of _____ is an engineer． ②Mr Li has three daughters，but none of _____ is a dancer． 从结构上看，①小题是定语从句，故填whom； ②小题有并列连词but，是并列句，故填代词 them。
定语从句 与 状语从句 定语从句的前面有名词作先行词，而状语从句没有先行词。 This is the place where we used to live a few years ago. 这是几年前我们居住的地方。（定语从句，先行词为the place） Let’s go where we can find a better job. 我们到能找到更好的工作的地方去吧。（地点状语从句）
定语从句修饰、限制、说明名词，只能放在先行词的后面，而状语从句说明动作发生的情况，并且可以放在主句的前面。 Do you know the time when the class is over 你知道下课的时间吗？（定语从句） It was already five o’clock when the class was over. =When the class was over, it was already five o’clock. 当下课时己经是5点了。（时间状语从句）
When, where和why在引导定语从句时可以用“介词＋which”的结构来替换，在引导状语从句时却不行。 This is the factory in which (where) his father once worked. 这就是他的父亲曾经工作过的那个工厂。（定语从句） Put back the book where it was. 把书放回原处。（状语从句）
定语从句中的关系词在从句中充当某种句子成分，因此去掉它则从句成分不完整；而结果状语从句中的连接词在从句中不作任何成分，去掉后从句的成分仍然完整。 It is such an interesting book as we all like. 它是我们大家都喜欢的如此有趣的书。 （as用作动词like的宾语，它引导的是定语从句） It is such an interesting book that we all like it. 它是一本如此有趣的书，我们大家都喜欢它。 （that不充当句子成分，故它引导的是结果状语从句）
定语从句 与 同位语从句 定语从句在复合句中相当于形容词，对先行词起修饰、描述或限制的作用，与先行词之间有从属关系。同位语的作用 The news that she had passed the exam made her parents very happy. 她考试及格的消息使她父母亲很高兴。（同位语从句）
相当于名词，对前面的名词给予补充说明或进一步解释，是前面名词的具体内容,与先行词之间是同位关系。 此句中的同位语从句 The news that she had passed the exam 可以改写成表语从句：The news is that he passed the exam. The news that he told us interested all of us. 他告诉我们的消息使大家都感兴趣。（定语从句） The news that he told us 是定语从句，此句不能改写为：The news is that he told us.
定语从句 与 强调句 强调句的结构为“It is／was＋被强调部分＋that＋从句”。被强调部分可以是除谓语以外的任何成分，当被强调部分是人时，还可用who代替that。这一句型中，一定不能因为被强调部分是表时间或地点的词就用when或where代替 that。 ①It is on the morning of May 1st _____ I met Liang Wei at the airport． ②It is the factory _____ Mr Wang works． 从结构上看： ①小题是强调句，故填 that。 ②小题则是定语从句，用上述方法转换便知the factory前差个介词in，故填 where。
易混知识
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
区别点 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
从句与先行词的关系 从句是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省去，主句意思不完整。 从句只是对主句的附加说明，如果省去，主句意思不受影响。
标点 从句和主句之间不用逗号隔开。 从句和主句之间用逗号隔开。
关系词 关系代词（that／which／whom）作宾语时可以省略。 关系代词作宾语不能省略；不能用that 引导。
先行词 从句只修饰主句中的名词或代词。 从句可修饰主句中的名词或代词，还可修饰主句中的一部分或整个主句。
易混2 定语从句与其他从句的混淆
（1）定语从句与并列句的混淆。
判断句子是定语从句还是并列句，关键看题干中第二个句子前是否有and，but等并列连词或分号等。如果有，则为并列句；反之则为定语从句。
例如：怀特先生有三个儿子，他们都很勇敢。
Mr. White has three sons, all of whom are brave.（定语从句）
Mr. White has three sons, and all of them are brave.（并列句）
Mr.White has three sons; all of them are brave.（并列句）
此句还可表达为：Mr.White has three sons，all of them brave.（all of them brave 为独立主格结构）
（2）as引导的非限制性定语从句与what引导的主语从句以及it作形式主语时的主语从句的混淆。
①as引导的非限制性定语从句放在句首时，其后用逗号与主句隔开，as在从句中作成分。
②what引导主语从句时既作成分又起连接作用。
③it在句中只作形式主语。
例如：众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。
As is known to us all, China is a developing country.（As引导非限制性定语从句）
What is known to us all is that China is a developing country.（What引导主语从句）
It is known to us all that China is a developing country.（It作形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语）
易混3 way和time后的定语从句的关系词
（1）如果way作先行词，定语从句中缺少方式状
语，则从句可用in which或that引导，关系词也可省略；如果定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，则用which或that引导该从句。若关系词在定语从句中作宾语，也可以省略。
Please tell me the way (in which/that) you worked out the math problems.请告诉我你解出这几道数学题的方法。
I think the way (that/which) he told me is the best.我认为他告诉我的那个方法是最好的。
（2）若time表示“一段时间”，且关系词在从句中作状语，则关系词用 when或“at／during＋which”；当time作“次数”讲时，关系词用that，也可省略。
There was a time when/during which we lived in Beijing.有一段时间我们住在北京。
I could hardly remember how many times （that） I’ve failed.我几乎记不清已经失败过多少次了。
巩固练习：
单句填空A组
1.I will run through the most common questions_____________ are often asked by people.
2.Over the past 40 years, Du Dejian has received numerous visitors at the library __________he established in his home in Zhangfang village of Yongji,Shanxi Province.
3.The number of smokers,___________is reported,has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
4. Much of the early tea in China was grown on small farms and plantations, many of _________were tended by Buddhist monks.
5.The idea has quickly spread to Europe in___________ special courses are now offered to children who are from 7 to 24 months old.
6.The root of the carnival dates back to 1833___________slavery was abolished.
7.We attended the meeting in the school lecture hall last night,____________seats more than 300 students.
8.There are many reasons__________ English is so widely used around the world in the fields of science,business, and more.
9.A father,__________son was 16 years old, was worried because his son had no courage at all.
10. The tea plant grows best in tropical and temperate places ____________rain falls throughout the year.
单句填空 B组
1.My wallet is no longer in use. I can buy and eat anything__________I want simply with a tap on my phone.
2. The liquid oxygen needed to fuel the flight is also needed in hospitals,_________doctors use to keep dangerously sick patients alive.
3. _____________the expert says, the taste of the food depends on whom you're eating with-caring family members, intimate friends, or just by yourself as you stay all alone, enjoying this quiet moment.
4.DIT refers to the number of calories the body expends when heating itself and digesting food. It was shown to be higher for those ______________ate more at breakfast than at dinner.
5. Humans like to live and work in groups. Language is the“cement”（接合剂）____________ holds these groups together.
6.This time, the Tianwen series will carry out the first Mars exploration mission,_________represents a milestone for China's move toward deep space.
7.In fact, tango raised a few eyebrows among the conservative members of society, __________found it a little too shocking.
8.Basically, baking is a creative activity ___________you can imagine a happy moment in the future.
9. Another idea from social psychology is that people like to listen to the very music ________shows their present life circumstances.
10.The woman ____________treated my child is an outstanding doctor.
语法填空
Woodblock printing is an ancient printing technique that boosted human civilization. As Buddhism gained popularity during the Tang Dynasty, a strong need 1________(arise) to produce numerous Buddhist scriptures （经书），and copying by hand could not meet 2_________ rising demand. Ancient Chinese craftsmen thus invented woodblock printing for mass production, 3____________ (mark) a major turning point in printing history.
There are four steps involved in 4__________(tradition) woodblock printing, with each step
subdivided into several procedures. 5_____________ lies at the center of the technique is carving. Characters and images 6____________ (carve) to produce raised areas or lines that will eventually apply ink to paper.
A five-meter scroll of the Buddhist scripture Diamond Sutra, 7 _____________(make) in 868, is the “earliest dated woodblock printed book” in the words of the British Library 8 ____________it is stored. It is just one example of ancient works of art that not only tell the wisdom of our ancestors, but also demonstrate the 9___________ (pursue) of beauty by Chinese craftsmen throughout centuries.
The invention of writing gave life 10_____________ great thoughts, but it is the invention of printing that made knowledge a shareable fruit for all humankind.
