05 动词和动词短语
知识网络
动词的分类 行为动词（实义动词） ①及物动词（带宾语）：study, develop; ②不及物动词（不带宾语）work, swim, go, come ③状态动词（相对静止）contain, exist, own, prefer, belong ④动作动词：延续性（work, stay）；非延续性（marry, go, come）
连系动词（汉语中没有这种词类）
助动词（与动词原形或分词构成复合谓语） be(am,is,are),do(does,did);have(has);will,would,shall
情态动词 can(could),may(might),must,shall(should)
短语动词常见的构成方式及其注意点 动词+副词所构成的短语动词分及物的和不及物的两类 Please turn every light in the house off. 请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。（及物） Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left. 晚会后，人们都已离去，哈里出现了。（不及物） 注意： ①如果宾语较长，就应避免把副词同动词分开 She turned off all the lights which had been left on. 她关掉了所有还在亮着的灯。 ②如果宾语是人称代词，只能放在动词和副词之间 She gave them away.她送掉了它们。 ③同一动词和不同副词搭配时，意义上有很大的差异 ring back回电话 ring off挂断电话 ring up打电话 put away放好 put on穿，上演 put up挂起，举起。 ④不同动词和同一副词搭配时，在意义上有很大的差异 break out发生，爆炸 carry out进行，开展 go out熄灭 hand out分发 let out放出 look out当心 sell out卖完 set out出发, take out取出 work out算出
动词+介词(及物) I'm looking for my glasses. 我在找我的眼镜。 注意：①当它跟宾语时，不能把介词放在宾语后面。 ②同一动词和不同介词搭配时，意义上有很大的差异。 look after照料，look at看，look for寻找
动词+副词+介词 I look forward to seeing you soon. 我盼望不久就见到你。 注：“动词+介词”、“动词+名词+副词”、“动词+副词+介词”，这三种搭配都是及物的，如变成被动语态，不可漏掉介词。In this way both grain and vegetable can be well looked after. (不能漏掉after) 这样一来，粮食和蔬菜都能兼顾了。
考点聚焦及解题点拨
(单个动词)同义词近义词辨析 从三个方面考虑：词的恰切含义、搭配（与介词、名词或非谓语动词的搭配）和用法（是及物动词还是不及物动词）
系动词的用法 状态系动词be 持续系动词keep,remain,stay,continue,lie,stand,rest 表象系动词seem,appear 感官/感觉系动词look,smell,taste,sound,feel 变化系动词become,grow,get,turn,fall,go,come 终止系动词prove,turn out
解答这类试题的关键首先是弄清题意，然后是分析句子结构，由此可判断出该动词是否用作系动词，最后确定所要填入的答案。特别关注：go hungry,come true,turn writer
接双宾语的动词 give sb. sth=give sth.to sb buy sb. sth.=buy sth. for sb 但是我们只能说：suggest sth. to sb. explain sth.to sb. read sth. to sb.
短语动词的辨析 熟记常考的短语动词的意义
容易被我们忽视的知识点 sell, write, wash, wear等词的主动形式后跟副词表示被动意义
happen, occur,take place, break out, come out, belong to等无被动形式
常考动词的固定搭配：
1.用于“动词＋sb.”结构的常见动词有：
accuse 控告 cheat 欺骗 cure 治愈 inform 通知 remind 使想起 rob抢劫
warn警告 rid使摆脱 suspect怀疑 persuade 使相信 convince 使信服
This photo reminds me of my school days. 这张照片使我想起了我的学生时代。
2.用于“动词＋sb. ”结构的常见动词有：
blame 责备 criticize 批评 forgive 原谅 excuse 原谅 pardon 原谅 punish 惩罚
scold 责备 thank 感谢 praise 赞扬 respect 尊重 admire 钦佩；赞赏
I used to blame my parents for messing up my life.我过去常怪我的父母扰乱了我的生活。
The school is widely admired for its excellent teaching.这所学校因其卓越的教学（水平）广受赞誉。
3.用于“动词＋sb（doing）sth.”结构的常见动词有：
prevent 阻止 stop 阻止 keep 阻止 protect 保护 defend 保卫 preserve保护；保全
ban禁止 shelter 保护 prohibit禁止；阻止
The heavy rain prevented him from going out.大雨使他无法外出。
语法填空常考查动词短语或搭配。同一动词和不同的介词或副词搭配有着不同的含义；同一介词或副词和不同的动词搭配含义也会不同，如：out/away/up,turn+in/out/on/off/up/down,put+up/on/down/away/off,set+up/ about/aside, cut +up/down/off, come+along/off/across/through,carry/feed/put/focus+on,get/look/take/come+over等。
巩固练习：
A组单句填空
1.Beijing, where the Summer Olympic Games_____________ (hold) in 2008, is the first city in the world to host both the Summer Olympic Games and the Winter Olympic Games.
2.For more than a thousand years,goods___________ (transport) along the Grand Canal.
3.As the bus drove across Sydney Harbor Bridge,the city's famous Sydney Opera House___________ (come) into sight.
4.In fact,it___________(believe) that our athletic skills and language learning skills are located in the same area of the brain.
5.Her creativity, patience, and respect for life will be stimulated when she___________(learn) to take care of animals on her own.
6.Fortunately, the girl had no sooner ____________(recover) consciousness than doctors and nurses arrived.
7.Given the growing population, the demand for these medicines and remedies_____________(rise) now.
8.I____________(wait)for an hour and she still hasn't turned up.
9. A team of scientists has finally been able to figure________ how and why young sunflowers move.
10.Every customer as well as their pets__________ (be) welcome in our stores.
B组单句填空
1.You would be lucky to see the sea of clouds, as it only________(occur) around 50 days in a year.
2.Just as American novelist Richard Ford once __________(say),the way to many an honest heart lies through the belly.
3. John's journey started after he struggled__________ his first degree.
4.So far,the rise in temperature ___________(lead) to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide.
5. According to ancient traditional Chinese medicine, drinking a glass of warm water_____________ (be) beneficial to health.
6.NASA calls the instrument “NACHOS”,which ______(stand) for "Nanosat Atmospheric Chemistry Hyperspectral Observation System".
7.That was the first time that I___________(notice) the fresh taste of the meat and vegetables of Chinese food.
8.When I was seven years old,my family____________ (create) an ant farm from a kit.
9.As I walked, he explained that he___________(lose)the game the week before and wasn't allowed to go on again.
10.The full railway, which includes a 72-kilometer section through Beijing, _____________(complete)in four and a half years.
解析：
A组单句填空
1．were held 句意为：北京——2008年夏季奥运会的举办地，是世界上第一个既举办过夏季奥运会又举办过冬季奥运会的城市。where引导非限制性定语从句，从句主语the Summer Olympic Games与hold是被动关系，应用被动语态；从句主语是复数概念，谓语应用复数形式。再结合时间状语in 2008可知，应用一般过去时。故填were held。
2．have been transported 句意为：一千多年来，货物一直沿着大运河运输。设空处在句中作谓语，根据时间状语For more than a thousand years 可知，句子应用现在完成时；主语goods是复数概念，和transport构成被动关系，应用被动语态。故填have been transported。
3．came 句意为：当公共汽车驶过悉尼海港大桥时，这座城市著名的悉尼歌剧院映入眼帘。根据上文的drove可知，事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时。come into sight意为“映入眼帘”。故填came。
4．is believed 句意为：事实上，人们认为我们的运动技能和语言学习技能位于大脑的同一区域。分析句子结构可知，设空处作主句的谓语，it为形式主语，代指后面that 引导的主语从句，与believe为被动关系，应用被动语态，根据从句中的are可知，主句时态也应为一般现在时，故填is believed。
5．learns 句意为：当她学会自己照顾动物时，她的创造力、耐心和对生命的尊重将被激发出来。在时间状语从句中，若主句为一般将来时，则从句用一般现在时，即“主将从现”，故此处应用一般现在时，且从句主语为she，从句谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故填learns。
6．recovered 句意为：幸运的是，这个女孩刚恢复知觉，医生和护士就赶到了。sb.had no sooner done sth.than...为固定句式，意为“某人刚一做某事就·····”，前面有过去完成时的助动词had，设空处应用过去分词形式。故填recovered。
7．is rising 句意为：鉴于人口的不断增长，现在对这些药物和疗法的需求正在增加。根据句子结构可知，此处应作谓语。根据时间状语now并结合句意可知，此句描述现阶段持续的状态，故应用现在进行时，且主语的中心语the demand是单数。故填is rising。
8．have been waiting 句意为：我已经等了一个小时了，她还没有出现。根据 and she still hasn’t turned up 可知，这里用现在完成进行时，表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，并且还要继续下去。故填have been waiting。
9．out 句意为：一组科学家最终已能弄清楚向日葵幼苗是如何以及为什么移动。figure out为固定搭配，意为“弄清楚”，故填out。
10．is 句意为：每一位顾客和他们的宠物在我们店都会受到欢迎。句中的as well as their pets 为as well as连接的成分，句子真正的主语是Every customer，是单数概念，故be动词使用单数形式。再根据语境可知，此处表示经常性的状态，应用一般现在时，故填is。
B组单句填空
1．occurs 句意为：如果你能看到云海，那就太幸运了，因为云海在一年中只有大约50天会出现。根据时间状语in a year和语境可知，此处描述客观情况，应用一般现在时；从句主语为it，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填occurs。
2．said 句意为：就像美国小说家理查德·福特曾经说过的那样，饱腹是通往众多赤诚之心的道路。根据上文once和语境可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填said。
3．for 句意为：约翰的旅行始于他努力获得第一个学位之后。struggle for 表示“为······而努力”，为固定搭配。故填for。
4．has led 句意为：到目前为止，气温上升已经导致全球极端天气和自然灾害增多。根据So far和句意可知，本句表示到现在为止已经造成的影响，应用现在完成时，且主语的中心语the rise是单数，助动词应用has。故填has led。
5．is 句意为：根据古代传统中医学，喝一杯温水对健康有益。当单个动名词短语在句中作主语的时候，谓语动词使用单数形式。本句中动名词短语 drinking a glass of warm water在句中作主语，谓语动词用单数。故填is
6．stands 句意为：美国国家航空航天局称这种仪器为“NACHOS”、它代表“纳卫星大气化学高光谱观测
系统”。根据上文的calls可知，此处应用一般现在时，非限制性定语从句的谓语的数与先行词“NACHOS”保持一致，用第三人称单数形式。故填stands。
7．had noticed 句意为：那是我第一次注意到中国饮食里肉和蔬菜的新鲜味道。It／This／That was the first／second...time that sb.had done...是固定句型，故填had noticed。
8．created 句意为：当我七岁的时候，我的家人用工具箱做了一个蚂蚁养殖场。根据从句 When I was seven years old可知，此处应用一般过去时，故填created。
9．had lost 句意为：在我散步时，他解释说他已经输了上一周的比赛，并且不被允许再继续（参加）了。根据句意可知，设空处所表示的动作发生在explained所表示的动作之前，即“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时，故填had lost。
10．will be completed 句意为：其中有72千米穿过北京的部分的整条铁路，将在四年半内完工。设空处作主句的谓语，根据时间状语 in four and a half years 可知，应用一般将来时；且主句主语The full railway与complete之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。故填will be completed。05 动词和动词短语
知识网络
动词的分类 行为动词（实义动词） ①及物动词（带宾语）：study, develop; ②不及物动词（不带宾语）work, swim, go, come ③状态动词（相对静止）contain, exist, own, prefer, belong ④动作动词：延续性（work, stay）；非延续性（marry, go, come）
连系动词（汉语中没有这种词类）
助动词（与动词原形或分词构成复合谓语） be(am,is,are),do(does,did);have(has);will,would,shall
情态动词 can(could),may(might),must,shall(should)
短语动词常见的构成方式及其注意点 动词+副词所构成的短语动词分及物的和不及物的两类 Please turn every light in the house off. 请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。（及物） Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left. 晚会后，人们都已离去，哈里出现了。（不及物） 注意： ①如果宾语较长，就应避免把副词同动词分开 She turned off all the lights which had been left on. 她关掉了所有还在亮着的灯。 ②如果宾语是人称代词，只能放在动词和副词之间 She gave them away.她送掉了它们。 ③同一动词和不同副词搭配时，意义上有很大的差异 ring back回电话 ring off挂断电话 ring up打电话 put away放好 put on穿，上演 put up挂起，举起。 ④不同动词和同一副词搭配时，在意义上有很大的差异 break out发生，爆炸 carry out进行，开展 go out熄灭 hand out分发 let out放出 look out当心 sell out卖完 set out出发, take out取出 work out算出
动词+介词(及物) I'm looking for my glasses. 我在找我的眼镜。 注意：①当它跟宾语时，不能把介词放在宾语后面。 ②同一动词和不同介词搭配时，意义上有很大的差异。 look after照料，look at看，look for寻找
动词+副词+介词 I look forward to seeing you soon. 我盼望不久就见到你。 注：“动词+介词”、“动词+名词+副词”、“动词+副词+介词”，这三种搭配都是及物的，如变成被动语态，不可漏掉介词。In this way both grain and vegetable can be well looked after. (不能漏掉after) 这样一来，粮食和蔬菜都能兼顾了。
考点聚焦及解题点拨
(单个动词)同义词近义词辨析 从三个方面考虑：词的恰切含义、搭配（与介词、名词或非谓语动词的搭配）和用法（是及物动词还是不及物动词）
系动词的用法 状态系动词be 持续系动词keep,remain,stay,continue,lie,stand,rest 表象系动词seem,appear 感官/感觉系动词look,smell,taste,sound,feel 变化系动词become,grow,get,turn,fall,go,come 终止系动词prove,turn out
解答这类试题的关键首先是弄清题意，然后是分析句子结构，由此可判断出该动词是否用作系动词，最后确定所要填入的答案。特别关注：go hungry,come true,turn writer
接双宾语的动词 give sb. sth=give sth.to sb buy sb. sth.=buy sth. for sb 但是我们只能说：suggest sth. to sb. explain sth.to sb. read sth. to sb.
短语动词的辨析 熟记常考的短语动词的意义
容易被我们忽视的知识点 sell, write, wash, wear等词的主动形式后跟副词表示被动意义
happen, occur,take place, break out, come out, belong to等无被动形式
常考动词的固定搭配：
1.用于“动词＋sb.”结构的常见动词有：
accuse 控告 cheat 欺骗 cure 治愈 inform 通知 remind 使想起 rob抢劫
warn警告 rid使摆脱 suspect怀疑 persuade 使相信 convince 使信服
This photo reminds me of my school days. 这张照片使我想起了我的学生时代。
2.用于“动词＋sb. ”结构的常见动词有：
blame 责备 criticize 批评 forgive 原谅 excuse 原谅 pardon 原谅 punish 惩罚
scold 责备 thank 感谢 praise 赞扬 respect 尊重 admire 钦佩；赞赏
I used to blame my parents for messing up my life.我过去常怪我的父母扰乱了我的生活。
The school is widely admired for its excellent teaching.这所学校因其卓越的教学（水平）广受赞誉。
3.用于“动词＋sb（doing）sth.”结构的常见动词有：
prevent 阻止 stop 阻止 keep 阻止 protect 保护 defend 保卫 preserve保护；保全
ban禁止 shelter 保护 prohibit禁止；阻止
The heavy rain prevented him from going out.大雨使他无法外出。
语法填空常考查动词短语或搭配。同一动词和不同的介词或副词搭配有着不同的含义；同一介词或副词和不同的动词搭配含义也会不同，如：out/away/up,turn+in/out/on/off/up/down,put+up/on/down/away/off,set+up/ about/aside, cut +up/down/off, come+along/off/across/through,carry/feed/put/focus+on,get/look/take/come+over等。
巩固练习：
A组单句填空
1.Beijing, where the Summer Olympic Games_____________ (hold) in 2008, is the first city in the world to host both the Summer Olympic Games and the Winter Olympic Games.
2.For more than a thousand years,goods___________ (transport) along the Grand Canal.
3.As the bus drove across Sydney Harbor Bridge,the city's famous Sydney Opera House___________ (come) into sight.
4.In fact,it___________(believe) that our athletic skills and language learning skills are located in the same area of the brain.
5.Her creativity, patience, and respect for life will be stimulated when she___________(learn) to take care of animals on her own.
6.Fortunately, the girl had no sooner ____________(recover) consciousness than doctors and nurses arrived.
7.Given the growing population, the demand for these medicines and remedies_____________(rise) now.
8.I____________(wait)for an hour and she still hasn't turned up.
9. A team of scientists has finally been able to figure________ how and why young sunflowers move.
10.Every customer as well as their pets__________ (be) welcome in our stores.
B组单句填空
1.You would be lucky to see the sea of clouds, as it only________(occur) around 50 days in a year.
2.Just as American novelist Richard Ford once __________(say),the way to many an honest heart lies through the belly.
3. John's journey started after he struggled__________ his first degree.
4.So far,the rise in temperature ___________(lead) to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide.
5. According to ancient traditional Chinese medicine, drinking a glass of warm water_____________ (be) beneficial to health.
6.NASA calls the instrument “NACHOS”,which ______(stand) for "Nanosat Atmospheric Chemistry Hyperspectral Observation System".
7.That was the first time that I___________(notice) the fresh taste of the meat and vegetables of Chinese food.
8.When I was seven years old,my family____________ (create) an ant farm from a kit.
9.As I walked, he explained that he___________(lose)the game the week before and wasn't allowed to go on again.
10.The full railway, which includes a 72-kilometer section through Beijing, _____________(complete)in four and a half years.
