人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册Unit 1 Science Fiction Reading and Thinking 学案 （含答案）

Unit 1 Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
【学习目标】
1.通过阅读课文内容,了解故事梗概和人物关系;了解作者及其作品的相关背景信息;细读文本,梳理情节线,探究情绪链;运用比较和对比的阅读策略,剖析人物形象特征,提升分析思维能力; 通过分析、讨论,切换人物视角,思考辨析,为预测后续情节和深入探究主题做好铺垫,提高阅读逻辑思维能力和思辨能力。(文化意识,思维品质)
2.通过分析课文,培养略读和查读等阅读能力和分析长难句的能力。(语言能力,学习能力)
3.通过对教材课文的阅读,在课文的具体情境中猜测词义,推测词性,了解重要语言点的基本用法。(语言能力)
【自主预习】
Step 1 单词认读
Ⅰ.单词匹配
第一组
(　　)1.ridiculous　　　　(　　)2.bonus
(　　)3.declare (　　)4.whereas
(　　)5.fare (　　)6.alien
(　　)7.inaction (　　)8.gramme
(　　)9.mud (　　)10.rumour
A.conj.然而;但是;尽管
B.n.外星人(生物);外国人 adj.陌生的;外星的;外国的
C.n.意外收获;奖金;红利
D.vt.表明;宣称;公布
E.n.泥;泥浆
F.n.无行动;不采取措施
G.n.谣言;传闻
H.n.克(重量单位)
I.n.车费;船费;飞机票价
J.adj.愚蠢的;荒谬的;荒唐的
答案　1~5　JCDAI　6~10　BFHEG
第二组
(　　)1.niece　　　　　　　(　　)2.fetch
(　　)3.handkerchief (　　)4.lamp
(　　)5.random (　　)6.ladder
(　　)7.leather (　　)8.inch
(　　)9.backwards (　　)10.grip
A.adj.随机的;不可思议的
B.n.皮革;[pl.]皮衣;皮外套
C.n.梯子;阶梯
D.n.英寸(长度单位,等于2.54厘米)
E.adv.向后;倒着;往回
F.n.侄女;外甥女
G.n.灯;台灯
H.vt.&vi.紧握;抓紧
I.n.手帕;纸巾
J.vt.(去)拿来;(去)请来
答案　1~5　FJIGA　6~10　CBDEH
Ⅱ.默写单词
1.　　　　n.指甲;趾甲;钉子 vt.(用钉子)钉牢;固定
2.　　　　vt.悬;挂;暂停;暂缓
3.　　　　adj.内疚的;有罪的;有过失的
4.　　　　n.庄重;庄严;尊严
5.　　　　vt.(去)拿来;(去)请来
6.　　　　n.意外收获;奖金;红利
7.　　　　n.诚实正直;完整;完好
8.　　　　adv.向后;倒着;往回
9.　　　　adj.更好的;占优势的;(在级别或重要性上)更高的
10.　　　　n.劳动(者);体力劳动 vi.奋斗;努力工作
11.　　　　n.分开;分隔;差异;除(法)
12.　　　　n.速度;步伐;节奏 vt.&vi.确定速度;调整节奏
13.　　　　adj.每周的 n.周刊
14.　　　　vt.计算;核算;预测
15.　　　　n.女主席;女董事长;女委员长
16.　　　　vi.& vt.爆炸;爆破
17.　　　　vt.让(某人)离开;解散;解雇;消除
18.　　　　n.强烈的欲望;冲动 vt.催促;力劝;大力推荐
答案　1.nail　2.suspend　3.guilty　4.dignity
5.fetch　6.bonus　7.integrity　8.backwards
9.superior　10.labour　11.division　12.pace
13.weekly　14.calculate　15.chairwoman　16.explode
17.dismiss　18.urge
Ⅲ.拓展单词
1.　　　　n.预约;约会;委任→　　　　 v.任命;委任;安排;确定(时间、地点)
2.　　　　adj.内疚的;有罪的;有过失的→　　　　 n.内疚;有罪
3.　　　　vt.宣布;宣称;声明;表明→　　　　 n.宣布;公布
4.　　　　n.满意;满足;令人满意的事物→　　　　 vt.使满足;使满意→　　　　 adj.令人满意的→　　　　 adj.满意的
5.　　　　vt.使警觉;使惊恐;惊动 n.警报;惊恐→　　　　 adj.担心的;害怕的→　　　　 adj.令人惊恐的
6.　　　　n.喜爱;恩惠vt.喜爱;偏袒→　　　　adj.赞成的;有利的→　　　　adj.最喜爱的
7.　　　　vt.陪伴;为……伴奏→　　　　 n.陪伴;伴随→　　　　 n.伙伴;伴侣;同伴
8.　　　　n.夸大;夸张→　　　　 vt.夸张;夸大
答案　1.appointment;appoint　2.guilty;guilt　3.declare;declaration　4.satisfaction;satisfy;satisfying/satisfactory;satisfied　5.alarm;alarmed;alarming　6.favour;favourable;favourite　7.accompany;company;companion　8.overstatement;overstate
构词规律
“over+n./v.”构成的合成词 v.+-ation→n.
overstatement n.夸大;夸张 overload vt.超载 overvalue vt.高估 overwork vi.过度劳累 overuse vt.过度使用 declare宣布→declaration宣布 imagine想象→imagination想象(力) starve使挨饿→starvation饥饿 combine使联合→combination结合;联合 determine决定→determination决定 conserve保存→conservation保存
Step 2 短语记诵
1.　　　　　　　　更像是;更接近
2.　　　　　　　　根据;以……的方式(基准)
3.　　　　　　　　比……更好;更胜一筹
4.　　　　　　　　占上风;取而代之;接管;接手
5.　　　　　　　　与……冲突或抵触
6.　　　　　　　　关掉;熄灭;在场;使朝外;结果是
7.fall away　　　　　　　
8.test out 　　　　　　　
9.have an urge to do sth 　　　　　　　
10.science fiction 　　　　　　　
11.pros and cons 　　　　　　　
答案　1.more like　2.on a(n)...basis　3.superior to
4.take over　5.conflict with　6.turn out　7.(逐渐)减少;消失　8.检验;测试　9.有强烈的欲望做某事　10.科幻小说(或影片等)　11.事物的利与弊;支持与反对
Step 3 佳句赏析
1.Claire thanked Tony, telling him that he was a “dear”.(动词-ing形式作伴随状语)
翻译 克莱尔对托尼表示感谢,并说他是个“可爱的人”。
仿写 They stood there for half an hour, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
他们在那儿站了半个小时,望着天空中的星星。
2.As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern.(完全倒装)
翻译 她一转过身,就看到格拉迪丝·克拉芬站在那里。
仿写 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 a tower and some houses on the hill.
小山上有座塔和几间房子。
答案　1.watching the stars in the sky　2.There stands
【合作探究】
语篇研读
Step 1　先导入,拓展背景知识
Read the passage on Pages 2-3 and fill in the blanks.Pay attention to Claire's changes of feelings towards Tony.
答案　1.embarrassed　2.trust　3.books　4.dear　5.warmth　6.arms
Step 2　再精读,明确概要细节
Ⅰ.Read the passage on Pages 2-3 quickly and tell whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F).
(　　)1.Larry was going to be away from home so he hired a robot to accompany his wife.
(　　)2.Claire didn't want the robot in her house in the beginning, but she agreed at last.
(　　)3.Tony could understand Claire when she said she was not clever.
(　　)4.It was Claire that first decided to invite Gladys and her friends to her house.
答案　1~4　FTTF
Ⅱ.Read the passage on Pages 2-3 and choose the best answers.
1.Why did Claire feel alarmed at the sight of Tony
A.Because he was a robot.
B.Because she didn't like him.
C.Because he was more like a human being than a machine.
D.Because he never changed his facial expressions.
2.The robot Tony helped Claire to realize her dream by 　　　　.
A.making her home more elegant
B.giving her a new hairstyle
C.changing the makeup she wore
D.all the above
3.Why did Claire buy the items from the shop
A.Because her husband was to return.
B.Because Tony was to leave.
C.Because Tony wanted the house transformed.
D.Because she thought she needed them.
答案　1~3　CDC
Step 3　后结构,分析语篇逻辑
Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks according to the passage on Pages 2-3.
Claire's attitude to Tony She was unwilling to 1.　　　　 Tony at first, because she was afraid of being 2.　　　　.
Claire's reaction to Tony She felt 3.　　　　 when she first saw Tony.
Tony's help to Claire ·He gave Claire a new 4.　　　　 and improved her makeup to make her more 5.　　　　 and more confident. ·He wrote out a list of 6.　　　　 to purchase to make Claire's house more elegant.
答案　1.accept　2.harmed　3.alarmed　4.hairstyle
5.beautiful　6.things
Ⅱ.Talk about the following questions in pairs.
1.Do you think it is possible for a person to love a robot Why
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
2.What relationship do you think will develop between humans and robots in the future
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案　略
Ⅲ.长难句分析
On the second morning, Tony brought her breakfast and then asked her whether she needed help dressing.
善分析 本句是复合句。句中的whether she needed help dressing为whether引导的(1)　　　　　　从句,作asked的(2)　　　　　　　　　　。
会翻译 (3)
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案　(1)宾语　(2)直接宾语　(3)第二天早晨,托尼给她带来了早餐,然后问她是否需要帮忙穿衣打扮。
新知探究
解析教材
SATISFACTION GUARANTEED
(Adapted)
Larry Belmont worked for a company that made robots.(1)Recently it had begun experimenting with a household robot.It was going to be tested out by Larry's wife, Claire.
包 你 满 意
(改编)
拉里·贝尔蒙特在一家生产机器人的公司工作。最近,该公司已经开始对一个家用机器人进行试验。该机器人将由拉里的妻子克莱尔来测试。
【助读点拨】
(1)that 引导定语从句。
　　Claire didn't want the robot in her house, especially as her husband would be away on a business trip for three weeks(2), but Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn't harm her or allow her to be harmed. It would be a bonus.However, when she first saw the robot, she felt alarmed.His name was Tony.He seemed more like a human than a machine.He was tall and handsome with smooth hair and a deep voice, although his facial expression never changed(3).
　　克莱尔并不想把机器人留在家里,尤其是在她丈夫出差三周期间。但是拉里让她相信机器人不会伤害她,也不会让她受到伤害。这将是个意外的收获。然而她初次见到机器人的时候就有点儿担心。机器人名叫托尼,他看上去更像一个人,而不像一台机器。他虽然面部表情毫无变化,但是个子高大,相貌英俊,头发顺滑,声音低沉浑厚。
【助读点拨】
(2)as引导时间状语从句。
(3)although引导让步状语从句。
　　On the second morning, Tony brought her breakfast and then asked her whether she needed help dressing.She felt embarrassed and quickly told him to go.Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human, and it was disturbing.
One day, Claire mentioned that she didn't think she was clever.Tony said that she must feel very unhappy to say that.Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot(4), but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him.He always treated her with dignity.She told him how she was unhappy that her home wasn't elegant enough for Larry(5), who wanted to improve his social position with a bigger salary(6).She wasn't like Gladys Claffern, one of the richest and most powerful women around.
　　第二天早晨,托尼给她带来了早餐,然后问她是否需要帮忙穿衣打扮。她感到尴尬,很快就打发他走了。现在她被一个看起来这么像人类的机器人照顾着,这使她觉得心烦。
一天,克莱尔说起,她觉得自己不聪明。托尼说,她一定感到很不高兴,才会说出那样的话。克莱尔觉得得到机器人的同情很可笑,但她逐渐开始欣赏托尼的智慧和正直,并开始信任他了。托尼总是会维护她的尊严。克莱尔告诉托尼,对于像拉里这样想要提高自己的社会地位,拿更高的薪水的人来说,她的家并不够高雅,这让她很不高兴。她跟这附近最有钱有势的女人之一的格拉迪丝·克拉芬不一样。
【助读点拨】
(4)thought后的从句为省略了that的宾语从句,在从句中it为形式主语,真正的主语为that引导的从句。
(5)that引导原因状语从句。
(6)who引导非限制性定语从句。
　　As a favour, Tony promised to help Claire make herself more beautiful and her home more elegant.So Claire borrowed some library books for him to read, or rather, scan.She looked at his fingers with wonder as they turned each page(7).How absurd, she thought.He was just a machine.
　　出于好意,托尼答应帮克莱尔变得更漂亮,并让她的家变得更高雅。于是克莱尔借了一些图书馆的书给他看,或者倒不如说给他扫描一下。每翻一页,她都惊奇地看着他的手指。她在想,这多么可笑啊,他只不过是一台机器。
【助读点拨】
(7)as引导时间状语从句。　　Tony gave Claire a new hairstyle and improved her makeup.As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops(8), he wrote out a list of things that he would need for his work on the house(9).Claire went downtown and bought these things.She had an appointment to paint her nails, then she went into an expensive clothes shop.The saleswoman there was rude to her, so she rang Tony and told him she was being treated badly.He spoke to the woman, who immediately changed her attitude(10).Claire thanked Tony, telling him that he was a “dear”.As she turned around(11), there stood Gladys Claffern. How awful to be discovered by her, Claire thought.By the look on her face, Claire knew that Gladys thought they were in a relationship.After all, she knew Claire's husband's name was Larry, not Tony.Although it was completely innocent(12),Claire felt guilty.
　　托尼给克莱尔换了个新发型,又改善了她的妆容。托尼不被允许陪她去商店,因此他写了一张清单,列出了他装修房子所需要的东西。克莱尔去市中心买了这些东西。她预约了美甲,然后走进一家高档的服装店。可是那里的女售货员对她很不礼貌,所以她打电话给托尼,说她受到了糟糕的对待。托尼对那个女售货员说了话,她便立刻改变了态度。克莱尔对托尼表示感谢,并说他是个“可爱的人”。她刚转身,就看到格拉迪丝·克拉芬站在那里。克莱尔想,被格拉迪丝发现了,这多么难为情啊。从她脸上的表情来看,克莱尔知道,格拉迪丝以为他们在谈恋爱。毕竟,格拉迪丝知道克莱尔的丈夫叫拉里,而不叫托尼。尽管他们完全是清白的,克莱尔还是感到内疚。
【助读点拨】
(8)As引导原因状语从句。
(9)that引导定语从句。
(10)who引导非限制性定语从句。
(11)As引导时间状语从句。
(12)Although引导让步状语从句。
　　When Claire got home, she wept.Gladys was everything Claire wished to be.Tony told her she was being sensitive and was just as good as Gladys.He suggested that she invite Gladys and her friends to the house the night before he was to leave and Larry was to return.By that time, Tony expected that the house, which was being completely transformed(13), would be ready.
　　克莱尔回到家气得直哭。格拉迪丝完全是克莱尔想要成为的那样的人。托尼对克莱尔说,她这样想有点敏感,其实她就像格拉迪丝一样好。他建议克莱尔在他离开的前一天晚上,也就是拉里回家前的那天晚上,邀请格拉迪丝和她的朋友到家里来玩。到那时,托尼预计正在完全改造的房子将会焕然一新。
【助读点拨】
(13)which引导非限制性定语从句。
　　Tony worked steadily on the improvements.Claire tried to help by working on a light suspended from the ceiling, but she fell off the ladder.Even though Tony had been in the next room, he managed to catch her in time.As he held her(14), she felt the warmth of his body.She screamed, pushed him away, and ran to her room.
　　托尼有条不紊地翻修着房子。克莱尔试图帮忙安装天花板上的吊灯,但她从梯子上摔了下来。尽管托尼当时在隔壁房间,但他还是及时接住了她。当他搂着她时,她感觉到了他身体的温度。她尖叫了起来,把他推开后跑回了她的房间。
【助读点拨】
(14)As引导时间状语从句。
　　The night of the party arrived.The clock struck eight.The guests would be arriving soon, so Claire dismissed Tony for the rest of the night.At that moment, Tony took her in his arms, bringing his face close to hers(15).She heard him declare that he did not want to leave her the next day, and that he felt more than just the desire to please her(16).Then the front door bell rang.
　　聚会之夜到来了。已经八点了,客人们很快就要到了,于是克莱尔让托尼结束了当晚的工作。就在那一瞬间,托尼把她抱在怀里,把自己的脸贴近了她的脸。她听见托尼说,明天他不想离开她,并说他不仅仅是想让她高兴。就在这时,前门的门铃响了。
【助读点拨】
(15)动词-ing形式作伴随状语。
(16)两个that引导两个并列的宾语从句。
核 心 单 词
知识点1　bonus n.意外收获;奖金;红利;额外的好处
(牛津词典)Being able to walk to work is an added bonus of the new job.
能够步行去上班是这份新工作额外的好处。
知识拓展
a cash bonus一笔奖金
productivity bonuses生产奖金
经典佳句
Workers in this firm receive a substantial part of their pay in the form of bonuses and overtime.
这家公司的员工得到的很大一部分工资是奖金和加班费。
易混辨析
bonus、reward、award和prize的用法区别:
bonus强调额外的报酬,如奖金;
reward强调应得的回报或报酬;
award指因在某方面杰出而受到认可所得到的奖品或奖项;
prize指(在比赛、竞赛中获得的)奖品或奖金。
易混辨析　用award、prize、reward或bonus填空
(1)The firm recognized Tom's outstanding work by giving him an extra 　　　　.
(2)The king said that such a brave soldier was worthy of the 　　　　.
(3)The actress won an Academy 　　　　for her role in a film.
(4)First 　　　　in the competition will be a meal at the restaurant of your choice.
答案　(1)bonus　(2)reward　(3)Award　(4)prize
知识点2　embarrassed adj.困窘的;局促不安的;尴尬的 *embarrass v.使困窘;使局促不安 *embarrassing adj.令人为难的;使人尴尬的 *embarrassment n.困境;困窘;难堪
(P2)She felt embarrassed and quickly told him to go.
她感到尴尬,很快就打发他走了。
知识拓展
be/feel embarrassed about/at 对……感到难为情
It embarrasses sb to do sth.做某事让某人难为情。
to one's embarrassment 使某人难堪的是……
with embarrassment 尴尬地;窘迫地
经典佳句
As a tour guide, I find it so embarrassing to see some tourists behave badly while traveling. Though embarrassed about the embarrassment, I think it is more important to correct the wrong behaviour.
作为一名导游,我发现看到一些游客在旅行中举止不文明真是太令人尴尬了。 面对这种尴尬的情景,虽然我感到很困窘,但我认为纠正这种错误行为更重要。
融会应用
Ⅰ.用embarrass的适当形式填空
(1)We should learn to communicate in a kinder way with people who are sensitive about what others say to avoid 　　　　.
(2)It is rather 　　　　that we still do not know how many species there are in the world today.
(3)Don't ever, ever say anything 　　　　my customers again.
(4)You're right. We shouldn't be 　　　　about our weight.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(5)The questions the reporter asked sometimes 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
记者问的问题有时令人很尴尬,这让我感到局促不安。
(6)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, everybody had been listening to her singing.
令她感到很尴尬的是,大家一直在听她唱歌。
答案　(1)embarrassment　(2)embarrassing　(3)to embarrass　(4)embarrassed　(5)were embarrassing, which made me embarrassed　(6)Much to her embarrassment
知识点3　sympathy n.同情;赞同;支持 *sympathetic adj.同情的;有同情心的;赞同的
(P2)Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot, but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him.
克莱尔觉得得到机器人的同情很可笑,但她逐渐开始欣赏托尼的智慧和正直,并开始信任他了。
知识拓展
have/feel sympathy for对……感到同情
show sympathy to对……表示同情
with sympathy同情地
out of sympathy with不赞成;不支持
in sympathy with赞成;支持
图解释义
She felt great sympathy for the injured cat and bandaged its wound.
她很同情这只受伤的猫,并为它的伤口做了包扎。
名师点拨
sympathy表示“同情”时,一般与介词for连用;表示“赞成”时,一般与介词with连用。
融会应用　单句填空
(1)We felt sorrow and deep sympathy 　　　　the victims of the typhoon.
(2)I can't help showing sympathy 　　　　these poor children.
(3)I have some sympathy 　　　　this point of view.
答案　(1)for　(2)to　(3)with
知识点4　appointment n.约会;预约;任命;委任;职位 *appoint vt.委派;任命;约定;确定 *appointed adj.指定的;约定的
(P2)She had an appointment to paint her nails, then she went into an expensive clothes shop.
她预约了美甲,然后走进一家高档的服装店。
知识拓展
make an appointment with sb与某人有约
appoint sb (as) sth任命某人担任……
appoint sb to do sth任命/委派某人做某事
经典佳句
I am so sorry that I missed our appointment to play tennis last Saturday afternoon, because I was appointed as manager to deal with an appointed project.
我很抱歉,我错过了我们上周六下午打网球的约定,因为我被任命为经理去处理一个指定的项目。
融会应用　单句填空
(1)Good morning.I'd like to make an 　　　　(appoint) for next Wednesday afternoon.
(2)We don't want to appoint him 　　　　chairman of the meeting.He is not fit for the position.
(3)A new head teacher 　　　　(appoint) at my son's school yesterday.
(4)It's past the 　　　　(appoint) time.Maybe he isn't coming.
答案　(1)appointment　(2)as　(3)was appointed
(4)appointed
知识点5　completely adv.十分;完全地;彻底地 *complete adj.完全的;彻底的;全部的 vt.完成;使完善 *completion n.完成;结束
(P2)Although it was completely innocent, Claire felt guilty.
尽管他们完全是清白的,克莱尔还是感到内疚。
知识拓展
complete with配有;包括
be due for completion预计竣工
经典佳句
We know that these children can't complete their school career because of the disease.
我们知道这些孩子因为这种疾病不能完成学业。
It is fundamental to undertake a complete measure now.
现在采取一项完整的措施是至关重要的。
融会应用　单句填空
(1)Do you see the wonderful building It took two years 　　　　(complete).
(2)David and Jean bought a house complete 　　　　furniture.
(3)The construction of the two new railway lines 　　　　(complete) by now.
答案　(1)to complete　(2)with　(3)has been completed
知识点6　guilty adj.内疚的;有罪的;有过失的 *guiltless adj.无罪的;无辜的 *guilt n.内疚;悔恨;犯罪;罪行
(P2)Although it was completely innocent, Claire felt guilty.
尽管他们完全是清白的,克莱尔还是感到内疚。
知识拓展
be guilty of犯有……罪;有……的过失
be/feel guilty about对……感到内疚/有愧
a sense of guilt内疚感
经典佳句
Leaving all the tasks to me, John had a guilty look on his face.
由于把所有的任务都留给了我,约翰脸上带着愧疚的表情。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)It was ridiculous that the corrupt(腐败的) official declared that he was not guilty 　　　　corruption.
(2)We might be 　　　　(guilt) of selfishness at some point in our lives.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(3)(2023·昆明一中月考)　　　　　　　　　　　 not having written to you for so long.
这么长时间没给你写信,我感到十分内疚。
答案　(1)of　(2)guilty　(3)I feel very guilty about
知识点7　suspend vt.悬;挂;暂停;暂缓 *suspension n.暂令停职(或停学、停赛等); 暂缓;推迟;延期 *suspense n.悬念;焦虑
(P3)Claire tried to help by working on a light suspended from the ceiling, but she fell off the ladder.
克莱尔试图帮忙安装天花板上的吊灯,但她从梯子上摔了下来。
知识拓展
suspend...from...把……悬挂在……上;暂令……停职(停学)
keep/leave sb in suspense让某人担心/挂念
经典佳句
Production has been suspended while safety checks are carried out.
在进行安全检查期间生产暂停。
融会应用　单句填空
(1)The wonderful film gave me a good experience because of its 　　　　(suspend).
(2)He didn't tell me the truth, which kept me 　　　　suspense all day.
(3)These events have led to the 　　　　(suspend) of talks.
答案　(1)suspense　(2)in　(3)suspension
知识点8　dismiss vt.让(某人)离开;解散;解雇;消除;不予考虑;摒弃 *dismissive adj.轻蔑的;鄙视的
(P3)The guests would be arriving soon,so Claire dismissed Tony for the rest of the night.
客人们很快就要到了,于是克莱尔让托尼结束了当晚的工作。
知识拓展
dismiss sb from...将某人从……开除;去除/消除某人的……(思想、感情等)
dismiss...as...把……视作……而不予考虑;把……轻视为……
be dismissive of...对……不屑一顾
经典佳句
It was not easy to dismiss the matter from his mind.
让他不把这件事放在心上很难。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)The manager 　　　　(dismiss) from his office in disgrace last week.
(2)I could not understand why Mr White had not dismissed her 　　　　her post.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(3)(2023·云南曲靖一中月考)It was so hot that the PE teacher 　　　　　　　　　　in advance.
天气如此热以至于体育老师提前解散了学生。
答案　(1)was dismissed　(2)from　(3)dismissed the students
知识点9　declare vt.公布;声明;表明;宣称 *declaration n.宣布;公告
(P3)She heard him declare that he did not want to leave her the next day, and that he felt more than just the desire to please her.
她听见托尼说,明天他不想离开她,并说他不仅仅是想让她高兴。
知识拓展
declare for/against声明支持/反对
declare that... 宣称……
declare...to be... 声称……是……
declare war on 对……宣战
经典佳句
The moment the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games were declared open, the whole world cheered.
2022年北京冬季奥运会一宣布开幕,全世界都沸腾了。
We declare these goods to be of Chinese origin.
我们声明这些产品的原产地为中国。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)Only a month earlier, Mr Stenholm had declared 　　　　the tax cut.
(2)It was the year when Britain declared war 　　　　Germany.
(3)It 　　　　(declare) already that the contract is illegal.
Ⅱ.一句多译
他断言那是真的。
(4)___________________________________________________________________________
(declare that...)
(5)___________________________________________________________________________
(declare...to be...)
答案　(1)for/against　(2)on　(3)has been declared
(4)He declared that it was true.　(5)He declared it to be true.
短 语 句 式
知识点10　test out检验;试验
(P2)It was going to be tested out by Larry's wife, Claire.
该机器人将由拉里的妻子克莱尔来测试。
知识拓展
turn out 结果是;生产;关掉
put out 扑灭;出版;伸(手)
let out 放出;发出
find out 查明;弄清;发现
figure out 理解;想出
经典佳句
Beauty dies as time passes by, but wisdom can stand the test of time.
美貌会随着时间的流逝而消失,但智慧能经得起时间的考验。
融会应用　单句填空
(1)The new machine are not ready to go into production yet.The switch mechanism isn't fully tested 　　　　.
(2)They opened a single store in Europe to test　　　　the market.
答案　(1)out　(2)out
知识点11　allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事
(P2)Claire didn't want the robot in her house, especially as her husband would be away on a business trip for three weeks, but Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn't harm her or allow her to be harmed.
克莱尔并不想把机器人留在家里,尤其是在她丈夫出差三周期间。但是拉里让她相信机器人不会伤害她,也不会让她受到伤害。
知识拓展
allow doing sth 允许做某事
allow for考虑到;顾虑到
经典佳句
Please allow me to express my sorrow at the accident.
请允许我向此次事故致哀。
With a lot of work to do, he wasn't allowed to go out.
由于有很多工作要做,他没有被允许外出。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)In order to keep the room clean, we don't allow 　　　　(eat) in the classroom.
(2)It would be wise to add another ten pounds to the total to allow 　　　　price increase.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(3)Besides, we　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 to pick fruit and vegetables, with which we are to make our lunch.
此外,我们被允许进入田野采摘水果和蔬菜,我们将用它们做午餐。
(4)Some students think that overseas study tours can 　　　　　　　　, thus broadening their horizons.
一些学生认为海外游学可以让他们接触不同的文化,从而拓宽他们的视野。
答案　(1)eating　(2)for　(3)are allowed to go into the fields　(4)allow them to be exposed to different cultures
知识点12　turn around转身
(P2)As she turned around,there stood Gladys Claffern.
她刚转身,就看到格拉迪丝·克拉芬站在那里。
知识拓展
turn around=turn round转身
turn down 拒绝;调低
turn up 出现;调高
turn over 翻转;移交
turn to 转向;翻到;求助于
turn in 上交;归还
turn out 结果是;生产;制造
经典佳句
This morning,my grandmother turned on the radio to listen to the news as usual.She felt she could not hear clearly, so she turned it up.But it was of no use.She had to turn to my father for help.I saw my father turn off the radio and turn it over to see what was wrong.It turned out that the button didn't work any more.My father repaired it and told my grandmother to turn down the radio,for the neighbor's little baby was sleeping.
今天早上,祖母像往常一样打开收音机听新闻。她感觉听不清楚,便把声音调大。但是这不起作用,她只得求助于我父亲。我看到父亲关掉了收音机并翻过来看哪里出了问题,原来是按钮坏了。我父亲修好按钮后告诉祖母把声音调小,因为邻居家的小宝宝正在睡觉。
融会应用　用turn的相关短语填空
(1)Whenever she is in a spot, she 　　　　　　　　him for help.
(2)He quickly 　　　　　　　　when he heard someone calling his name.
(3)We invited her to dinner but she didn't even bother to 　　　　　　　　.
(4)You must 　　　　　　　　your pass when you leave the building.
(5)Do you 　　　　　　　　an assignment if it looks too hard
答案　(1)turns to　(2)turned around/round　(3)turn up　(4)turn in　(5)turn down
知识点13　副词置于句首引起的完全倒装
(P2)As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern.
她刚转身,就看到格拉迪丝·克拉芬站在那里。
知识拓展
本句中的there stood Gladys Claffern是完全倒装结构。常用于这种结构的动词有stand、exist、seem (to be)、happen (to be)、live、come、enter、lie等。
The Public Square is an eye-catching sight of the city.There stand many stone sculptures of famous historical figures.
大众广场是这个城市引人注目的一个景点,许多历史名人的石雕矗立在那儿。
There existed a close relationship between families and their milkmen.
家庭与送牛奶的人之间存在着一种密切的关系。
名师点拨
在there stood...这一类完全倒装的句子中,如果有两个并列的主语,要注意谓语动词的单复数与第一个主语的单复数保持一致。
融会应用　单句写作
(1)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　a statue of a soldier on the bank of the river.
河岸上矗立着一位战士的塑像。
(2)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 a small village in the mountain.
山里有个小村子。
(3)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 to be a telephone booth near the bus stop.
正巧公共汽车站附近有一个电话亭。
答案　(1)There stands　(2)There lies　(3)There happened
知识点14　suggest+(that) sb (should) do sth
(P3)He suggested that she invite Gladys and her friends to the house the night before he was to leave and Larry was to return.
他建议克莱尔在他离开的前一天晚上,也就是拉里回家前的那天晚上,邀请格拉迪丝和她的朋友到家里来玩。
知识拓展
本句中的suggested后面接了一个that引导的宾语从句,表示“建议……”。从句常用虚拟语气,即谓语部分用“should+动词原形”,其中should可以省略。其他用虚拟语气的句型:
(1)名词suggestion后跟表语从句或是名词性从句;
(2)It is suggested that...(主语从句)。
I suggest that you attend to the most urgent matters and let the rest wait.
我建议你先去处理最紧急的事情,别的事可以等一等。
It is suggested that each student should sing a song in English.
有人建议每个学生都用英语唱一首歌。
The final suggestion is that you should set deadlines for yourself.
最后的建议是你应该给自己设定最后期限。
He agreed with my suggestion that we should change the date.
他同意我提出的更改日期的建议。
名师点拨
suggest表示“暗示;表明”,后接宾语从句时,从句不用虚拟语气。
Evidence actually suggests that birds have regional dialects.
事实上,证据表明鸟类存在地域方言。
Research suggests that left-handers are likely to be more creative.
研究表明,左撇子很有可能更富有创造力。
融会应用　单句写作
(1)He made the suggestion that 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
他建议他们用法语进行交谈。
(2)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 in a different way.
我的建议是我们应该采取不同的方法来完成这项任务。
(3)I would suggest that 　　　　　　　　　　　　a few more days in Suzhou.
我会建议你在苏州多待几天。
(4)His smile suggested that 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
他的微笑表明他是满意的。
答案　(1)they (should) carry on their conversation in French　(2)My suggestion is that we (should) finish the task　(3)you (should) stay　(4)he was satisfied
知识点15　by doing结构
(P3)Claire tried to help by working on a light suspended from the ceiling, but she fell off the ladder.
克莱尔试图帮忙安装天花板上的吊灯,但她从梯子上摔了下来。
知识拓展
本句中的by working... 是by doing结构,介词by后跟动词-ing形式作宾语,意为“借助于/通过做某事”。
介词by的其他用法:
(1)“by+地点名词”表示方位,意为“在……旁边”;
(2)“by+时间名词”意为“到……时(已发生某事)”,此时谓语多用完成时;
(3)“by+交通工具/交通方式名词(名词前不加冠词,不变复数)”意为“通过……;由……;乘……”;
(4)“by+身体部位名词或衣服名词”表示被抓住身体/衣物的某一部分,常与动词catch、seize、take、hold、grab等连用。
We'll have our picnic in the small woods by the lake.
我们将在湖边的小树林进行野餐。
By the time the firefighters arrived, the fire had burnt (itself) out.
消防队赶到时火已经熄灭了。
Traffic jams can be terrible here, and it's usually the quickest to go by subway.
这里会有严重的交通拥堵,通常最快捷的出行方式是乘坐地铁。
She grasped me by the arm and led me to the window.
她抓住我的胳膊把我拉到窗户旁。
融会应用　单句写作
(1)As we know, blind people can often recognize objects 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
正如我们所知,盲人通常可以通过触摸的方式辨认物体。
(2)Mr Johnson keeps fit 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　and taking exercise everyday.
约翰逊先生通过少摄入脂肪和糖类,并每天锻炼来保持健康。
(3)One usually learns a language 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
一个人通常通过犯错误和纠正错误来学习语言。
(4)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 I had spent all my money.
到假期结束时,我已经花光了自己所有的钱。
(5)The policeman 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
警察抓住了小偷的胳膊。
答案　(1)by touching them　(2)by taking in less fat and sugar　(3)by making mistakes and correcting them　(4)By the end of the holiday　(5)caught the thief by the arm
2