人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册Unit 1 Science Fiction Using Language 学案（含答案）

Unit 1 Section Ⅲ Using Language
【学习目标】
1.了解课文大意;培养略读和查读等阅读能力。(语言能力,学习能力)
2.理解并能够自主运用重要语言点的用法。(语言能力)
3.通过阅读熟悉科幻故事类记叙文的文体特征,并掌握其写作方法及策略。(语言能力,学习能力)
【合作探究】
语篇研读
细读课文,明确教材细节
Read the passage on Pages 8-9 and choose the best answers.
1.What makes the Time Traveller think that the Time Machine works
A.The change of time on a clock.
B.The lab that looks different.
C.The strange feeling in his mind.
D.The trick the machine plays on him.
2.Why is the Time Traveller invisible to his niece
A.Because he is hidden from her.
B.Because they are not in the same time period.
C.Because there is no lamp in the room.
D.Because he moves like a rocket.
3.How does the Time Traveller feel when travelling through time
A.Excited. B.Relaxed.
C.Unfortunate. D.Uncomfortable.
4.Why is the Time Traveller worried about stopping the machine
A.An accident can happen.
B.The machine will turn over.
C.An explosion may take place.
D.The machine has no brakes.
答案　1~4　ABDC
新知探究
核 心 单 词
知识点1　superior adj.更好的;占优势的;(在级别、重要性或职位上)更高的 *superiority n.优越(性);优势 *inferior adj.次的;较差的;级别低的
(P6)In sci-fi stories,robots often become superior and take over.
在科幻小说中,机器人往往会变得更占优势,并接管一切。
知识拓展
be superior to胜过;比……好;不屈服于
be superior in sth在某方面占优势
a sense of superiority优越感
be inferior to比……差/级别低
经典佳句
This model is technically superior to its competitors.
这一款式在技术上超过了与之竞争的产品。
名师点拨
superior/inferior用作形容词时,本身含有“比较”的意思,故不再有比较级或最高级形式,用superior/inferior to表示两事物的比较。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)The microwave is vastly superior 　　　　design 　　　　all other models.
(2)The technical 　　　　(superior) of laser discs over tape is well established.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(3)Of the two handkerchiefs, I think this one 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
在这两条手帕中,我认为这条比那条好。
(4)Modern music is often considered 　　　　　　　　　　　　of the past.
现代音乐常被认为不如过去的音乐。
答案　(1)in; to　(2)superiority　(3)is superior to that one　(4)inferior to that
知识点2　fetch vt.(去)拿来; (去)请来
(P8)My niece came in to fetch something, maybe her handkerchief, apparently without seeing me.
我侄女进来拿东西,可能是她的手帕,她显然没看见我。
知识拓展
fetch sb sth替某人去取(拿)……
fetch up偶然来到;意外到达
fetch and carry (for sb)(为某人)打杂;跑腿
经典佳句
The inhabitants have to walk a mile to fetch water.
居民得走一英里路去取水。
易混辨析
fetch、bring和take的用法辨析:
fetch指一往一返,强调目的性,即专门到一个地方把某人或某物带回来;
bring指的是从某处把某人或某物带到或拿到说话者所在的地点,强调方向,而不是方式;
take指从说话人所在处移开至离说话人有一定距离的地方。
融会应用　用fetch、 bring或take填空
(1)I've trained my dog to 　　　　my slippers.
(2)Please ask Uncle Tom to 　　　　you here in August.
(3)Remember to 　　　　your books when you leave.
答案　(1)fetch　(2)bring　(3)take
知识点3　division n.分开;分隔;差异;除(法) *divide v.(使)分开;分配;分隔
(P8)The sun and moon looked as if they were being thrown across the sky, but soon there was division between night and day.
太阳和月亮看起来就像被抛向了天空,但很快就有了白天和黑夜的区分。
知识拓展
divide... into... 把……分成……
divide...between/among...把……分配给……
be divided by除以; 用……除
经典佳句
The divisions between the various classes of society are not so sharply marked as they used to be.
社会上各阶级的划分不像过去那样明显了。
Our English course is divided into modules on poetry, drama, and novels.
我们的英语课被划分为诗歌、戏剧和小说等单元。
易混辨析
divide和separate的用法辨析:
divide 把整体分成部分,常用搭配为divide...into...
separate 把独立的事物分开,常用搭配为separate...from...
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)There are deep 　　　　(divide) in the country over the war.
(2)We divided the job 　　　　five parts, and each man did one part.
(3)Eight divided 　　　　two is four.
Ⅱ.用separate、divide的适当形式填空
(4)The mother 　　　　the cake among her children.
(5)We can 　　　　the bran(麸皮) from the flour by sifting it.
(6)The teacher 　　　　our class into four groups.
(7)As we joined the big crowd, I got 　　　　from my friends.
答案　(1)divisions　(2)into　(3)by　(4)divided　(5)separate　(6)divided　(7)separated
知识点4　urge v.催促;力劝;大力推荐;极力主张n.强烈的欲望;冲动 *urgent adj.紧急的 *urgency n.紧急;紧急的事
(P8)I had a strong urge to look at the random things that were being flashed before my eyes!
我有一种强烈的冲动,想看那些在我眼前闪现的任意事物。
知识拓展
urge sb to do...催促某人做……
urge that...(should) do...主张……
have an urge to do...有强烈的欲望做……
经典佳句
The vacation is coming and I have an urge to travel.
假期快到了,我有去旅游的冲动。
She urged us to stick to our dream.
她敦促我们坚持我们的梦想。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)There is an 　　　　(urge) need for food and water.
(2)The 　　　　(urge) of finding a cure attracted some of the best minds in medical science.
(3)We urge countries 　　　　(continue) using this important vaccine.
Ⅱ.同义句改写
(4)Our teacher urges us to study hard with the exam drawing near.(用urge that...改写)
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答案　(1)urgent　(2)urgency　(3)to continue　(4)Our teacher urges that we (should) study hard with the exam drawing near.
知识点5　explode vi.& vt.爆炸;爆破 *explosion n.爆炸;爆破; 突增;猛增
(P9)But if I stopped and the same space was being occupied by something else,we would be forced together and explode like a bomb!
但如果我停下来,同一个空间被别的东西占据,我们就会被迫在一起,像一颗炸弹一样爆炸。
知识拓展
explode into/with sth突然爆发;迸发(感情)
a bomb/gas explosion炸弹/气体爆炸
a population explosion 人口激增
经典佳句
When Wilson heated it, the container exploded.
当威尔逊加热容器时,容器爆炸了。
We all exploded into wild laughter.
我们都一下子大笑起来。
融会应用　单句填空
(1)The speaker's mistake was so funny that the audience exploded 　　　　wild laughter.
(2)If the gas pipe exploded,the 　　　　(explode) would do great damage to the buildings around.
(3)The boss exploded 　　　　anger when he heard the objection.
答案　(1)into/with　(2)explosion　(3)with
短 语 句 式
知识点6　conflict with与……冲突或抵触
(P7)A ROBOT MUST OBEY THE ORDERS GIVEN IT BY HUMAN BEINGS EXCEPT WHERE SUCH ORDERS WOULD CONFLICT WITH THE FIRST LAW.
机器人必须服从人类给它的命令,除非这些命令与第一定律相冲突。
知识拓展
be in conflict with ...与……冲突/与……矛盾
come into conflict with ...与……冲突/与……矛盾
resolve the conflict over ...解决……方面的冲突
conflict of interest(s) 利益(或利害)冲突
经典佳句
She found herself in conflict with her parents over her future career.
她发现自己在将来择业的问题上与父母存在着分歧。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)It is a statement 　　　　conflict with other evidence.
(2)If so, your points of view are bound to conflict 　　　　his.
(3)My interests come 　　　　conflict with yours.
Ⅱ.一句多译
(4)他很谨慎,尽量避免与妻子发生冲突。
→He is so cautious that he tries not to 　　　　　　　　　　his wife.
→He is so cautious that he tries not to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　his wife.
→ He is so cautious that he tries not to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　his wife.
答案　(1)in　(2)with　(3)into　(4)conflict with; come into conflict with;be in conflict with
知识点7　turn out关掉;熄灭;在场;使朝外;结果是
(P8)Night came as if a lamp was being turned out,and in another moment came the day.
夜幕降临,仿佛灯灭了,转眼间,白昼到来了。
知识拓展
turn up调高(音量);出现
turn down调低(音量);拒绝
turn on打开
turn off关闭
turn to转向;求助于
turn in上交;交还
经典佳句
Remember to turn out the lights when you go to bed.
临睡前记得去关灯。
It didn't turn out like I intended.
这结果与我的本意相悖。
融会应用　单句填空
(1)When Jackie enter the room, please turn 　　　　the radio, for he is a little deaf.
(2)Please turn 　　　　me for help when you are in trouble.
(3)She has turned 　　　　an invitation to visit that country.
答案　(1)up　(2)to　(3)down
知识点8　fall away(逐渐)减少;消失;倾斜
(P8)As my pace grew faster,the walls of the laboratory fell away,and I was left in the open air.
随着我的速度越来越快,实验室的墙壁也随之消失,我被留在了户外。
知识拓展
fall apart解散;分裂;瓦解;(精神)崩溃
fall back后退;倒退
fall behind落后;跟不上
fall down摔倒
经典佳句
Demand began to fall away.
需求开始减少。
On either side of the tracks the ground fell away sharply.
跑道两侧都是很陡的斜坡。
融会应用　用fall的相关短语填空
(1)Angie 　　　　　　　　because she had lost everything.
(2)He 　　　　　　　　when we were climbing the mountain.
(3)Suddenly the bottle 　　　　　　　　onto the floor and broke into pieces.
答案　(1)fell apart　(2)fell behind　(3)fell down
知识点9　强调句式
(P8)It was at ten o'clock today that the first of all Time Machines began its career.
正是在今天十点,第一个时间机器开始运作。
知识拓展
(1)本句为It was...that...强调句式,强调的部分为时间状语at ten o'clock today。
(2)强调句型所强调的部分为除谓语以外的任何成分,其基本结构为“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分”;若被强调的部分是人,则用that或who,否则常用that。
It was his knowledge and humor that made Stephen Hawking one of the most popular scientists.
正是他的学识和幽默使得史蒂芬·霍金成为最受欢迎的科学家之一。
It is the readers who/that breathe life into a newspaper with their letters.
正是读者通过来信给报纸带来了生气。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)It was I myself 　　　　opened the window.
(2)It 　　　　(be) at an evening party that I first saw her.
(3)It is only 　　　　one is ill that he realizes the importance of health.
(4)It was not until recently 　　　　scientists knew much about lung cancer.
Ⅱ.对句子的不同成分进行强调
All the members held a meeting in the club yesterday.
(5)强调主语all the members:
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(6)强调宾语a meeting:
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(7)强调地点状语in the club:
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(8)强调时间状语yesterday:
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答案　(1)who/that　(2)was　(3)when　(4)that　(5)It was all the members that/who held a meeting in the club yesterday.　(6)It was a meeting that all the members held in the club yesterday.　(7)It was in the club that all the members held a meeting yesterday.　(8)It was yesterday that all the members held a meeting in the club.
知识点10　动词-ing形式作状语
(P8)Looking around, I saw my laboratory exactly as before.
我朝四周看了看,看到我的实验室和以前一模一样。
知识拓展
句中的Looking around为动词-ing形式作状语。动词-ing形式作状语的具体用法如下:
(1)动词-ing形式作伴随状语,不可以转换成从句,但可以转换成并列句。
(2)动词-ing形式作原因状语,可以与as、 since、because 等引导的原因状语从句转换。
(3)动词-ing形式作结果状语,可以与so...that...引导的结果状语从句相互转换。
(4)动词-ing形式作时间状语,可以与when或while引导的时间状语从句转换。
(5)动词-ing形式作条件状语,可以与if或unless引导的条件状语从句转换。
(6)动词-ing形式作让步状语,可以与though、although 等引导的让步状语从句转换。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)The dancer's incredible performance had the audience 　　　　(clap) for 10 minutes at the end of the show.
(2)　　　　(overcome) the difficulties, he finished his task.
(3)Not 　　　　(study) his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations.
(4)　　　　(clean) thoroughly, the garden looked more beautiful than ever before.
Ⅱ.判断下列句中动词-ing作状语的具体类型
(5)Having finished his homework, he went to school. 　　　　　　　
(6)Not knowing what to do, they turned to the teacher for help. 　　　　　　　
(7)Studying hard, you will be sure to be successful. 　　　　　　　
(8)He sat there, losing himself in deep thought. 　　　　　　　
(9)His father died, leaving him a lot of money. 　　　　　　　
答案　(1)clapping　(2)Having overcome
(3)having studied　(4)Having been cleaned　(5)时间状语　(6)原因状语　(7)条件状语　(8)伴随状语
(9)结果状语
写作探究
科幻故事类记叙文
本单元的写作任务是写一篇科幻故事类记叙文。这类记叙文属于想象性作文,要求创造出从未接触甚至根本不存在的新形象。想象性写作允许自由想象,自主发挥的空间较大, 因此需要灵活的思维和丰富的想象力。科幻故事是用幻想的形式, 表现人类在未来世界的物质、精神文化生活和科学技术远景, 其内容交织着科学事实、预见和想象。 科幻故事的特点是内容丰富、奇特, 并且情节合理。
科幻故事类记叙文写作时应注意:
1.要交代清楚五要素的内容,即where、when、what、who、how;
2.事件可按时间或空间顺序叙述;
3.时态通常用过去时态。
探究点1　教材范例提炼
课文范例
素材积累
Ⅰ.常用短语
1.science fiction films 科幻电影
2.explore the universe 探索宇宙
3.artificial intelligence 人工智能
4.have a household robot 拥有一个家用机器人
5.more and more intelligent machines 越来越多的智能机器
6.the rapid development of information technology 信息技术的飞速发展
7.this highly civilized creature 这种高度文明的生物
8.require continuous diligence and progress 需要不断的努力和进步
9.advanced devices and technology 先进的设备和技术
10.motivate us to reach for more 激励我们去追求更多
Ⅱ.话题句式
1.It is seven o'clock in the morning when I wake up on April 4,2040.
当我在2040年4月4日醒来时,时间是早上7点。
2.Though the scientists never saw the real aliens,I still believe that besides human beings,life must exist in the universe.
虽然科学家们从未见过真正的外星人,但我仍然相信,除了人类之外,宇宙中一定存在着生命。
3.When intelligent machines can do the thinking,will our brains get lazy and regress
当智能机器可以思考时,我们的大脑会变得懒惰和退化吗
4.I was so puzzled that I couldn't believe what I had seen.
我如此困惑,以至于我无法相信我所看到的。
5.In the future,people may heat their homes with atomic power.
在将来,人们可以用原子能为房屋供暖。
6.In a word, my life will be richer and more colourful.
总之,我的生活会更加丰富多彩。
探究点2　写作应用体验
写作典例
你校英语俱乐部将举办主题为“我的时光机器”的英语故事分享活动。请根据以下要点,发挥自己的想象力,用英语写一篇小故事。要点如下:
1.时光机器的样子与功能;
2.你乘坐时光机器去了哪里,发生了什么,感受如何。
注意:1.词数150左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
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分步推进
Step 1　审题谋篇
体裁 科幻故事类记叙文——我的时光机器
人称 第一、三人称
时态 以一般过去时为主
框架 首段:介绍时光机器的外部形状以及作用 中段:介绍时光机器和我的故事(内容可分为两段) 尾段:对未来的展望
Step 2　要点翻译
1.词汇翻译
(1)　　　　　　　　　　　 看起来像
(2)　　　　　　　　　　　 通往
(3)　　　　　　　　　　　 发出
(4)　　　　　　　　　　　 经过;经历
(5)　　　　　　　　　　　 以快节奏
(6)　　　　　　　　　　　 随着高科技的发展
答案　(1)look like　(2)lead to　(3)give out　(4)go through　(5)at a rapid pace　(6)with high technology developing
2.句子翻译
(1)当我睁开眼睛时,我来到了一个全新的漂浮城市。
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(2)它坐落在一个人造岛上,几乎完全被植被覆盖着。
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(3)在这个城市里,机器人随处可见。
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(4)人们在这个城市以快节奏忙碌地工作着。
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(5)我在城市里闲逛了几个小时后,时光机器把我带回了现实。
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答案　
(1)When I opened my eyes, I arrived in a brand-new floating city.
(2)It was located on a man-made island and was almost entirely covered in vegetation.
(3)In this city, robots were easy to see everywhere.
(4)People were working busily at a rapid pace in this city.
(5)After I hung around the city for several hours, the time machine transported me back to reality.
Step 3　句式升级
1.用动词-ed形式作状语升级上题中的句(2)
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2.用定语从句连接上题中的句(3)和句(4)
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3.用状语从句的省略句式升级上题中的句(5)
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答案　
1.Located on a man-made island, it was almost entirely covered in vegetation.
2.In this city where robots were easy to see everywhere, people were working busily at a rapid pace.
3.After hanging around the city for several hours,I was transported back to reality by the time machine.
Step 4　连句成篇
　　利用以上几个句子,加上恰当的连接词和过渡句,必要时可以改变句式,使之成为一篇连贯的文章。
参考范文
My time machine looks like a crystal ball with two buttons. One can lead to the prehistoric period and the other one can lead to the future.
One day, after I pressed the button to the future, the time machine gave out colourful rays, and carried me into the time tunnel. Overwhelmed with excitement and nervousness, I closed my eyes tightly and held my hands firmly. I wondered what the future city would look like.
When I opened my eyes, I arrived in a brand-new floating city. Located on a man-made island, it was almost entirely covered in vegetation. In the city, many strange carriages, like small planes, were floating above the ground. When I drove to visit the city, I felt like I was going through a beautiful garden. There was a huge tower in the city centre acting both as a work place and housing for its citizens. The city used solar, wind and wave power to keep it functioning and used its large gardens to supply food. In this city where robots were easy to see everywhere, people were working busily at a rapid pace. And AI, of course, became helpful assistants. After hanging around the city for several hours, I was transported back to reality by the time machine.
It sounds a little fancy but in my opinion, with high technology developing, our society will become more and more intelligent.
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