人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册Unit 1 Science Fiction Learning About Language 学案（含答案）
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册Unit 1 Science Fiction Learning About Language 学案（含答案） |  | |
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| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-04-07 16:08:14 | ||
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Unit 1 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
【学习目标】
1.通过对教材的理解,了解重要语言点的基本用法。(语言能力)
2.通过理解教材例句,复习被动语态的用法。(语言能力)
3.通过导学案的套用,以练促学,巩固内化被动语态并学以致用。(学习能力)
【合作探究】
新知探究
核 心 单 词
知识点1 presume vt.& vi.假设;假定 *presumption n.可能的事;假定
(P4)Whoever is charged with a crime should be presumed innocent until proven otherwise.
任何被指控犯罪的人应该在被证明有罪前假定为无罪。
知识拓展
It is presumed that...据推测……
presume...to be...假定……是……
经典佳句
Twelve passengers are missing, presumed dead.
有十二名旅客失踪,并已推定罹难。
There is a general presumption that the doctor knows best.
一般人都认为医生最了解情况。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)It (presume) that walking is good for our health.
(2)I had to make a (presume) since I knew nothing about the case.
(3)Let's presume him (be) honest before having a discussion.
答案 (1)is presumed (2)presumption (3)to be
知识点2 calculate vt.计算;核算;预测 *calculating adj.精于算计的 *calculation n.计算 *calculator n.计算器
(P4)They believe if AI can handle tasks like calculating and driving for us,we will have more time for creating,thinking,and “being human”.
他们认为,如果人工智能能够为我们处理如计算和开车这些任务,我们将会有更多的时间来创作、思考和“做人”。
知识拓展
It is calculated that...据估算……
be calculated for... 适合于……;为适合……而设计的
calculate on 指望;期待
be calculated to do sth企图做某事
经典佳句
It is calculated that more than half of urban and rural residents' living expenses are used for food consumption.
据估算,城乡居民生活支出中有一半以上用于食物。
These laws are not calculated for modern conditions.
这几条法律不适合现代情况。
融会应用 用calculate的适当形式填空
(1)Women complain that employers discriminate against female workers when their rank and pay.
(2)The painting is so valuable that it is difficult its price.
(3)They found their computers producing different results from exactly the same .
(4)This advertisement to attract children.
答案 (1)calculating (2)to calculate (3)calculation
(4)is calculated
短 语 句 式
知识点3 on a...basis根据;以……的方式(基准)
(牛津词典)We're going to be meeting there on a regular basis.
我们将定期在那里见面。
知识拓展
on a regular/permanent/part-time/temporary basis以定期的/永久的/兼职的/临时性的方式
on a daily basis每天
on a day-to-day basis按日计算
on a weekly basis每周一次
be based on...以……为基础;以……为根据
经典佳句
They want all groups to be treated on an equal basis.
他们要求所有的群体都能得到平等的对待。
Although it is a fiction, it is based on the fact.
虽然它是虚构的事,但它是以事实为基础的。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)Their marketing strategy (base) on a study of consumer spending.
(2)After May 19, strikes were occurring a daily basis.
答案 (1)is based (2)on
语法探究
复习被动语态
自主探究
阅读下列例句,注意黑体部分的用法。
1.Today,carnival in Venice is celebrated for five days in February.
2.As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops,he wrote out a list of things that he would need for his work on the house.
3.The party will be held in five days.
4.Two hundred trees have been planted since the man came here.
5.Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human, and it was disturbing.
我的发现
(1)句1用了 的被动语态,其结构为“am/is/are+过去分词”。
(2)句2用了一般过去时的被动语态,其结构为“ ”。
(3)句3用了 的被动语态,其结构为“will/shall be+过去分词”。
(4)句4用了现在完成时的被动语态,其结构为“ ”。
(5)句5用了 的被动语态,其结构为“was/were being+过去分词”。
答案 (1)一般现在时 (2)was/were+过去分词 (3)一般将来时 (4)have/has been+过去分词 (5)过去进行时
探究点1 被动语态的构成
1.各种时态的被动形式
时态 动词的被动形式 例句
一般现在时 am/is/are done He is asked to do this.
一般过去时 was/were done The story was told by her mother.
一般将来时 will be done The problem will be discussed tomorrow.
现在进行时 am/is/are being done The bridge is being built.
过去进行时 was/were being done At that time the desk was being repaired.
现在完成时 have/has been done The house has been built.
过去完成时 had been done They said that their work had been finished.
过去将来时 would be done He said the trees would be planted soon.
2.被动语态的特殊结构
(1)含有情态动词的被动语态的构成:情态动词+be+过去分词。
Something must be done to stop the water from being polluted.
必须采取措施防止水受到污染。
(2)有些动词可以跟间接宾语和直接宾语,变为被动语态时,通常把间接宾语变为主语;如果把直接宾语变为主语,间接宾语用介词to或for引导。
My mother gave me a nice gift.
→I was given a nice gift by my mother.
→A nice gift was given to me by my mother.
妈妈送了一个漂亮的礼物给我。
(3)“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时,要将宾语变为被动结构中的主语。
The teacher caught the boy smoking a cigarette.
→The boy was caught smoking a cigarette by the teacher.
老师发现这个男孩在吸烟。
(4)使役动词have、 make与感官动词see、watch、notice、 hear等后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,当变为被动语态时,要将to还原。
Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.
→A stranger was seen to walk into the building by someone.
有人看见一个陌生人走进了这栋楼。
(5)在口语和非正式的语体中,常用“get+过去分词”表示被动语态,其中get相当于be动词。这种形式一般用来谈论突然发生的事,通常只表示动作,不表示状态。
Some glasses got broken when we were moving.
我们搬家时有些玻璃杯被打碎了。
融会应用 同义句转换
(1)The country has to pass laws to protect children from being abused.
→Laws by the country to protect children from being abused.
(2)They were repairing the ship, but soon it was fit to sail again.
→The ship by them, but soon it was fit to sail again.
(3)Don't be anxious, and they will tell you where to go later.
→Don't be anxious, and you by them where to go later.
(4)In order to protect the environment, the government has taken action.
→Action by the government in order to protect the environment.
答案 (1)have to be passed (2)was being repaired
(3)will be told (4)has been taken
探究点2 主动形式表示被动意义
1.英语中有很多动词,如break、 catch、 clean、 drive、 lock、 open、 sell、 read、 write、 wash等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。
This kind of cloth washes well.
这种布料很好洗。
2.有些不及物动词和短语,如happen、 last、 take place、 break out、 come out、 come about、 come true、 run out、 give out、 turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。
How do the newspapers come out
这些报纸是如何出版的呢
3.系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词如feel、 sound、 taste等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。
Your explanation sounds reasonable.
你的解释听起来有道理。
4.非谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义
(1)need、 require、 want和be worth后用动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义。
The garden needs watering.
花园需要浇水。
This film is really worth seeing.
这部电影的确值得看。
(2)在“主语+系动词+形容词+ to do”结构中,句子的主语与动词不定式有逻辑上的动宾关系,且形容词表示主语的特征或性质,动词不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容词有easy、hard、 difficult、important、 impossible、interesting、 heavy等。
The question is difficult to answer.
这个问题很难回答。
Do you think the water is safe to drink
你认为这水喝着安全吗
(3)动词不定式和它所修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系,又和句子的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时,动词不定式常用主动形式表示被动意义。
I have a lot of things to do this afternoon.
今天下午我有很多事情要做。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)This kind of knife (cut) well.
(2)Your writing is really difficult (read).
(3)That (sound) great. Deal me in!
(4)All the old carpets need (replace).
答案 (1)cuts (2)to read (3)sounds
(4)replacing/to be replaced
2
【学习目标】
1.通过对教材的理解,了解重要语言点的基本用法。(语言能力)
2.通过理解教材例句,复习被动语态的用法。(语言能力)
3.通过导学案的套用,以练促学,巩固内化被动语态并学以致用。(学习能力)
【合作探究】
新知探究
核 心 单 词
知识点1 presume vt.& vi.假设;假定 *presumption n.可能的事;假定
(P4)Whoever is charged with a crime should be presumed innocent until proven otherwise.
任何被指控犯罪的人应该在被证明有罪前假定为无罪。
知识拓展
It is presumed that...据推测……
presume...to be...假定……是……
经典佳句
Twelve passengers are missing, presumed dead.
有十二名旅客失踪,并已推定罹难。
There is a general presumption that the doctor knows best.
一般人都认为医生最了解情况。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)It (presume) that walking is good for our health.
(2)I had to make a (presume) since I knew nothing about the case.
(3)Let's presume him (be) honest before having a discussion.
答案 (1)is presumed (2)presumption (3)to be
知识点2 calculate vt.计算;核算;预测 *calculating adj.精于算计的 *calculation n.计算 *calculator n.计算器
(P4)They believe if AI can handle tasks like calculating and driving for us,we will have more time for creating,thinking,and “being human”.
他们认为,如果人工智能能够为我们处理如计算和开车这些任务,我们将会有更多的时间来创作、思考和“做人”。
知识拓展
It is calculated that...据估算……
be calculated for... 适合于……;为适合……而设计的
calculate on 指望;期待
be calculated to do sth企图做某事
经典佳句
It is calculated that more than half of urban and rural residents' living expenses are used for food consumption.
据估算,城乡居民生活支出中有一半以上用于食物。
These laws are not calculated for modern conditions.
这几条法律不适合现代情况。
融会应用 用calculate的适当形式填空
(1)Women complain that employers discriminate against female workers when their rank and pay.
(2)The painting is so valuable that it is difficult its price.
(3)They found their computers producing different results from exactly the same .
(4)This advertisement to attract children.
答案 (1)calculating (2)to calculate (3)calculation
(4)is calculated
短 语 句 式
知识点3 on a...basis根据;以……的方式(基准)
(牛津词典)We're going to be meeting there on a regular basis.
我们将定期在那里见面。
知识拓展
on a regular/permanent/part-time/temporary basis以定期的/永久的/兼职的/临时性的方式
on a daily basis每天
on a day-to-day basis按日计算
on a weekly basis每周一次
be based on...以……为基础;以……为根据
经典佳句
They want all groups to be treated on an equal basis.
他们要求所有的群体都能得到平等的对待。
Although it is a fiction, it is based on the fact.
虽然它是虚构的事,但它是以事实为基础的。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)Their marketing strategy (base) on a study of consumer spending.
(2)After May 19, strikes were occurring a daily basis.
答案 (1)is based (2)on
语法探究
复习被动语态
自主探究
阅读下列例句,注意黑体部分的用法。
1.Today,carnival in Venice is celebrated for five days in February.
2.As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops,he wrote out a list of things that he would need for his work on the house.
3.The party will be held in five days.
4.Two hundred trees have been planted since the man came here.
5.Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human, and it was disturbing.
我的发现
(1)句1用了 的被动语态,其结构为“am/is/are+过去分词”。
(2)句2用了一般过去时的被动语态,其结构为“ ”。
(3)句3用了 的被动语态,其结构为“will/shall be+过去分词”。
(4)句4用了现在完成时的被动语态,其结构为“ ”。
(5)句5用了 的被动语态,其结构为“was/were being+过去分词”。
答案 (1)一般现在时 (2)was/were+过去分词 (3)一般将来时 (4)have/has been+过去分词 (5)过去进行时
探究点1 被动语态的构成
1.各种时态的被动形式
时态 动词的被动形式 例句
一般现在时 am/is/are done He is asked to do this.
一般过去时 was/were done The story was told by her mother.
一般将来时 will be done The problem will be discussed tomorrow.
现在进行时 am/is/are being done The bridge is being built.
过去进行时 was/were being done At that time the desk was being repaired.
现在完成时 have/has been done The house has been built.
过去完成时 had been done They said that their work had been finished.
过去将来时 would be done He said the trees would be planted soon.
2.被动语态的特殊结构
(1)含有情态动词的被动语态的构成:情态动词+be+过去分词。
Something must be done to stop the water from being polluted.
必须采取措施防止水受到污染。
(2)有些动词可以跟间接宾语和直接宾语,变为被动语态时,通常把间接宾语变为主语;如果把直接宾语变为主语,间接宾语用介词to或for引导。
My mother gave me a nice gift.
→I was given a nice gift by my mother.
→A nice gift was given to me by my mother.
妈妈送了一个漂亮的礼物给我。
(3)“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时,要将宾语变为被动结构中的主语。
The teacher caught the boy smoking a cigarette.
→The boy was caught smoking a cigarette by the teacher.
老师发现这个男孩在吸烟。
(4)使役动词have、 make与感官动词see、watch、notice、 hear等后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,当变为被动语态时,要将to还原。
Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.
→A stranger was seen to walk into the building by someone.
有人看见一个陌生人走进了这栋楼。
(5)在口语和非正式的语体中,常用“get+过去分词”表示被动语态,其中get相当于be动词。这种形式一般用来谈论突然发生的事,通常只表示动作,不表示状态。
Some glasses got broken when we were moving.
我们搬家时有些玻璃杯被打碎了。
融会应用 同义句转换
(1)The country has to pass laws to protect children from being abused.
→Laws by the country to protect children from being abused.
(2)They were repairing the ship, but soon it was fit to sail again.
→The ship by them, but soon it was fit to sail again.
(3)Don't be anxious, and they will tell you where to go later.
→Don't be anxious, and you by them where to go later.
(4)In order to protect the environment, the government has taken action.
→Action by the government in order to protect the environment.
答案 (1)have to be passed (2)was being repaired
(3)will be told (4)has been taken
探究点2 主动形式表示被动意义
1.英语中有很多动词,如break、 catch、 clean、 drive、 lock、 open、 sell、 read、 write、 wash等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。
This kind of cloth washes well.
这种布料很好洗。
2.有些不及物动词和短语,如happen、 last、 take place、 break out、 come out、 come about、 come true、 run out、 give out、 turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。
How do the newspapers come out
这些报纸是如何出版的呢
3.系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词如feel、 sound、 taste等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。
Your explanation sounds reasonable.
你的解释听起来有道理。
4.非谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义
(1)need、 require、 want和be worth后用动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义。
The garden needs watering.
花园需要浇水。
This film is really worth seeing.
这部电影的确值得看。
(2)在“主语+系动词+形容词+ to do”结构中,句子的主语与动词不定式有逻辑上的动宾关系,且形容词表示主语的特征或性质,动词不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容词有easy、hard、 difficult、important、 impossible、interesting、 heavy等。
The question is difficult to answer.
这个问题很难回答。
Do you think the water is safe to drink
你认为这水喝着安全吗
(3)动词不定式和它所修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系,又和句子的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时,动词不定式常用主动形式表示被动意义。
I have a lot of things to do this afternoon.
今天下午我有很多事情要做。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)This kind of knife (cut) well.
(2)Your writing is really difficult (read).
(3)That (sound) great. Deal me in!
(4)All the old carpets need (replace).
答案 (1)cuts (2)to read (3)sounds
(4)replacing/to be replaced
2